Kale tinalemba za wasayansi wa ku Germany wochita zinthu mosintha maganizo, Ulrich Kutscher, yemwe anabweretsedwa kukhoti chifukwa chokayikira sayansi yabodza yomwe ili pansi pa mfundo za LGBT* ndi mfundo za amuna ndi akazi. Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo za milandu, wasayansiyo anamasulidwa, koma mlanduwu sunathere pomwepo. Posachedwapa, anatiuza kuti ofesi ya woimira boma ikuyesera kubweza mlanduwo ndikutsegulanso mlanduwo, nthawi ino ndi woweruza wina. Pansipa, tikufalitsa kalata yomwe pulofesayo watitumizira. Malinga ndi iye, wayang'ana mobwerezabwereza zinthu zasayansi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa patsamba la "Science for Truth" komanso m'buku la Viktor Lysov lakuti "The Rhetoric of the Homosexual Movement in Light of Scientific Facts," lomwe amaliona kuti ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Werengani zambiri »Zosungidwa Zamgulu: Kutanthauzira
Gerard Aardweg pa psychology yokhudza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso ankhanza
Katswiri wa zamaganizo wotchuka padziko lonse wa ku Netherlands, Gerard van den Aardweg, wakhala katswiri pa maphunziro ndi chithandizo cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa zaka zambiri pantchito yake yodziwika bwino ya zaka 50. Monga membala wa Komiti Yolangiza ya Sayansi ya National Association for the Research and Treatment of Homosexuality (NARTH) komanso wolemba mabuku ndi nkhani zasayansi, pakadali pano ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri ochepa omwe amayesa kuulula zenizeni zosasangalatsa za nkhaniyi kuchokera pamalingaliro enieni, kutengera deta yeniyeni yopanda tsankho la malingaliro. Pansipa pali chidule cha pepala lake, "Kusintha 'Kugonana Kwa Amuna Kapena Akazi Ndi Anthu Okhaokha' ndi Humanae Vitae ," lomwe linaperekedwa pamsonkhano wa 2018 wa Pontifical Academy for Human Life and the Family .
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Kodi "sayansi yamakono" siyichita tsankho pankhani yogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha?
Zambiri mwa zinthuzi zidasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Russian Journal of Education and Psychology: Lysov V. Sayansi ndi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: tsankho.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2019-2-6-49
"Mbiri ya sayansi yeniyeni yabedwa ndi anthu oyipitsa
mapasa mlongo - "yabodza" sayansi, yomwe
Ndi cholinga chongoganiza.
Izi zinapangitsa kuti azidalira
zomwe moyenerera ndi za sayansi yeniyeni. "
kuchokera ku buku la Austin Rousse Fake Science
Chidule
Werengani zambiri »Mawu monga "zomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zatsimikizika" kapena "zokopa za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sizingasinthidwe" zimayikidwa pafupipafupi pazochitika zamaphunziro asayansi komanso pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangidwa, mwa zina, kwa anthu osadziwa zasayansi. Munkhaniyi ndikuwonetsa kuti asayansi amakono amalamulidwa ndi anthu omwe amapereka malingaliro andale pazinthu zawo zasayansi, ndikupangitsa kuti asayansi azikondera. Malingaliro omwe akuyembekezeredwawa akuphatikizaponso ziganizo zandale zingapo, kuphatikiza zokhudzana ndi zomwe akuti. "Ogonana ochepa", kutanthauza kuti "kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndizosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi nyama", kuti "kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndizobadwa ndipo sikungasinthidwe", "jenda ndimakhalidwe ochezera omwe samangokhala pagulu", ndi zina zambiri. etc. Ndikuwonetsa kuti malingaliro otere m'magulu asayansi amakono Kumadzulo amawerengedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka, okhazikika komanso okhazikika, ngakhale umboni wosatsimikizika wa asayansi, pomwe malingaliro ena nthawi yomweyo amatchedwa "pseudoscientific" komanso "onyenga" ngakhale atakhala ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi kumbuyo kwawo. Zinthu zambiri zitha kutchulidwa ngati chifukwa cha kukondera uku - cholowa chambiri chazikhalidwe komanso mbiri yakale chomwe chidapangitsa kuti pakhale "zolemba zasayansi", mikangano yandale yayikulu yomwe idadzetsa chinyengo, "kutsatsa" kwa sayansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale chidwi, ndi zina zambiri. Kaya ndizotheka kupeŵa kukondera kwasayansi kumakhalabe kovuta. Komabe, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndizotheka kupanga zikhalidwe kuti zitheke bwino momwe sayansi ikuyendera.
Popeza ndidapulumuka pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ... Mosamala
Nkhani yowona mtima ya munthu amene kale anali mwamuna kapena mkazi, yomwe ikufotokoza za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa "ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha"—kugonana kosatha, kugonana kwachiwerewere ndi matenda ena okhudzana nawo, zibonga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mavuto a m'mimba, kuvutika maganizo, ndi kusakhutira kosatha komanso kusungulumwa, komwe kumabweretsa mpumulo wakanthawi. Nkhaniyi ili ndi tsatanetsatane wonyansa wa machitidwe a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi zotsatira zake, kusiya zotsalira za ndowe zomwe mosakayikira zidzakhala zovuta kwa owerenga osadziwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amafotokoza molondola kuipa kwa moyo wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, wobisika pansi pa chithunzi chosangalatsa, cha utawaleza. Apa, chowonadi chowawa cha amuna ogonana amuna okhaokha chikuwonetsedwa momwe chilili— chonyansa , chopanda nzeru, komanso chopanda chifundo. "Kukhala mwamuna kapena mkazi wamwamuna" pamapeto pake kumatanthauza kuvutika ndi kupweteka, kodetsedwa ndi ndowe ndi magazi, osati anyamata a maso akulu akugwirana manja mu nthano za fan za yaoi.
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Gay pagulu limatuluka kudzera m'maso amkati
Mu 1989, omenyera ufulu awiri amtundu wa Harvard lofalitsidwa buku lofotokoza chikonzero cha kusintha kwa malingaliro pakati pa anthu wamba kuti agwirizane ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kudzera mu kufalitsa, mfundo zoyambirira zomwe zikukambidwa apa. M'mutu wotsiriza wa bukuli, olemba adafotokoza molondola za 10 zovuta zazikulu mu mchitidwe wa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe ziyenera kuyankhidwa kuti akwaniritse chithunzithunzi chawo pamaso pa anthu wamba. Olembawo alemba kuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakana mitundu yonse yamakhalidwe; kuti amagonana m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, ndipo ngati alowa mnjira, amayamba kufuula za kuponderezana ndi kuchitirana zachinyengo kunyumba; kuti ndi amwano, achiwerewere, odzikonda, okonda zabodza, azisoni, osakhulupirika, ankhanza, odziwononga, okana zenizeni, zopanda pake, malingaliro andale komanso malingaliro openga. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti zaka za 40 zapitazo, mikhalidwe iyi inali pafupifupi imodzi ndi imodzi yofotokozedwa ndi dokotala wazachipatala wodziwika bwino dzina lake Edmund Bergler, amene anaphunzira za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa zaka 30 ndipo ankaonedwa kuti ndi “munthu wofunika kwambiri pa nkhani za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha” pankhaniyi. Olembawo adatenga masamba opitilira 80 kuti afotokoze zovuta zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi moyo wa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Womenyera ufulu wa LGBT* Igor Kochetkov (munthu yemwe akuchita ngati nthumwi yakunja) m'nkhani yake "Mphamvu zandale za gulu lapadziko lonse la LGBT*: momwe omenyera ufulu wawo adakwaniritsira cholinga chawo" adati bukuli lakhala gulu la ABC la LGBT * omenyera ufulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza ku Russia, ndipo ambiri amatsatirabe mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwamo. Ku funso: "Kodi gulu la LGBT* lathetsa mavutowa?" Igor Kochetkov akuyankha pochotsa ndikuletsa wofunsayo, mwachiwonekere akutsimikizira kuti mavutowo adakalipo. Chotsatira ndi kufotokoza mwachidule za iwo.
Chithandizo cha zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zisanachitike zolondola zandale
Milandu yambiri yothandiza kuchiritsa kwa anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kukopa akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku akatswiri. Nenani Bungwe la National Association for the Study and Therapy of kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha likuwonetsa mwachidule umboni wopatsa chidwi, malipoti azachipatala ndi kafukufuku kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka pano, zomwe zimatsimikizira motsimikiza kuti abambo ndi amayi omwe ali ndi chidwi atha kusintha kuchokera pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kupita amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Nyengo isanakhale yolondola pandale, zinali zodziwika bwino zasayansi, zomwe ndi zaulere analemba atolankhani apakati. Ngakhale American Psychiatric Association, kupatula kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pamndandanda wazovuta zamaganizidwe mu 1974, adalemba, izo "Njira zamakono zamankhwala zimalola gawo lalikulu la ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akufuna kusintha malingaliro awo kuti atero".
Kutanthauzira kumatsatira zolemba kuchokera ku New York Times ya 1971.
Chithandizo cha akazi okhaokha
Dokotala wanzeru, psychoanalyst ndi MD, Edmund Bergler adalemba mabuku a 25 pa psychology ndi 273 m'magazini otsogolera akatswiri. Mabuku ake amakhala ndi mitu monga kakulidwe ka ana, ma neurosis, zovuta zam'banja, mavuto aukwati, njuga, kudziwononga, komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Bergler adadziwika kuti anali katswiri wa nthawi yake pankhani ya kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Otsatirawa ndi zochuluka kuchokera kuntchito yake.
Mabuku aposachedwa komanso zopangidwa poyesera zayesa kufotokoza amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati osasangalala omwe akuyenera kuwachitira chifundo. Chidandaulo cha tiziwalo tamatumbo tachuma ndizosathandiza: amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthawi zonse amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamisala ndikuchiritsidwa ngati akufuna. Koma kusazindikira kwa anthu ambiri kuli ponseponse pankhaniyi, ndipo kupusitsa kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pongoganiza za iwo okha ndiwothandiza kwambiri kwakuti ngakhale anthu anzeru omwe sanabadwe dzulo anagwa chifukwa cha nyambo.
Zochitika zaposachedwa kwambiri zamaganizidwe ndi kufufuza kwatsimikizira kuti chiyembekezo chosasinthika cha anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (nthawi zina chimafotokozedwanso chifukwa cha kupezeka kwachilengedwe ndi mahomoni) kwenikweni ndikugawanitsa kwa mitsempha. Chiyembekezo chazovuta zam'mbuyomu pang'onopang'ono zikusowa: masiku ano ma psychothernamic malangizo omwe amawongolera amatha kuchiritsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Mwa kuchiritsa, ndikutanthauza:
1. kusowa chidwi kwathunthu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi;
2. chisangalalo chabwinobwino chakugonana;
3. kusintha kwamakhalidwe.