ʻO ke kūkākūkā a Irving Bieber a me Robert Spitzer

ʻO 15 Kekemapa 1973 Ka Papa Hoʻonaʻi o ka ʻAmelika Psychiatric ʻAmelika, e hoʻopiʻi ana i ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pūʻulu kāne homoseksual group, apono i kahi hoʻololi i nā kulekele mana no ka maʻi psychiatric. "ʻO ka homosexuality e like me," i koho ʻia nā mea paulele, ʻaʻole e ʻike hou ʻia he "maʻi noʻonoʻo"; akā, i mea e wehewehe ʻia ka "hōʻino o ka hana moʻo hewa". 

ʻO Robert Spitzer, MD, he loea kōkua o ka psychiatry clinical ma ke Kulanui ʻo Columbia a me kahi lālā o ke kōmike nomenclature APA, a ʻo Irving Bieber, MD, he polofesa lapaʻau no ka psychiatry ma ke Kulanui Lapaʻau ʻo New York a he luna hoʻomalu o ke kōmike hoʻopaʻa haʻawina no ka male kāne kāne, ua kūkākūkā i kā APA hoʻoholo. He aha ka mea i hōʻemi ʻia o kā lākou kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana.

ʻO ke ʻano o nā manaʻo i ʻae ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻoihana e like me ka mea ʻaʻole i loiloi i ka loiloi i ka loiloi ʻana he maʻi, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka hōʻoia ʻepekema, no ka mea e hōʻike wale ana i ka hoʻokō politika kūlike ʻole, a ʻaʻole ia he hopena ʻepekema.