Nchọta Isi

(1) Ojiji eriri afọ dịka akwara ji emetụta ihe egwu ahụike nke ọrịa na-efe efe na ọnya.

(2) N’etiti ndị na-eduga ụdị ndụ nwoke na nwanyị, ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị, enwere ọtụtụ ihe ọghọm nke ọrịa dị iche iche, ma nje (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, wdg), na ịwa ahụ na isi mgbaka.

Okwu Mmalite

Nkwupụta ọzọ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri LGBT + - mmegharị ahụ bụ nkwupụta na ụdị nwoke na nwanyị inwe mmekọahụ bụ ụdị omume mmadụ na, n'ihi ya, enweghị mmetụta na ahụike. Akparamagwa nke ahụ mmadụ na ahụ ike ya na nyocha ya na-emegide ụdị aha a. Omume omume nwoke na nwanyi jikọtara ya na oke ihe egwu nke ọrịa dị iche iche, nke ndị na - eme ihe LGBT + agbachiri nkịtị.

Mgbe anyị na-atụle isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha akụkụ ndị a: (mmebi iwu 1) metụtara mmekọ nwoke na nwoke; Mmebi nwoke na nwoke (2).

Ngosiputa ahuike izugbe

Dị ka Ruth na Santacruz (2017), ọtụtụ ihe nyocha sayensị na-egosi na, ma e jiri ya tụnyere heterosexuals, ndị na-eme ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke na nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị ibi ndụ edekọwo ahaghị nha nha ahụike na ahụike. Nke ikpeazụ ahụ na-enwe nsogbu ahụike ọzọ na ndụ niile, gụnyere ọrịa, gụnyere nje HIV na ụmụ nwoke, ashma, na ọrịa shuga na ụmụ nwanyị (Corliss et al. Xnumx) na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ala ala, ohere dị ukwuu maka ọrịa obi na ọrịa kansa, enwere ike dị elu nke ịbụ onye nwere nkwarụ n’oge ọ dị obere. Ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke anwụrụ ọkụ na nke ime ihe ike. Onu ogugu onwu di elu, karie, onodu ojoo nke onwu na ndi nwanyi, ndi nwoke na ndi nwoke ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na ndi nwanyi ndi nke nwanyi. nsogbu ndị metụtara ịba ụba nke ihe ndị na-eme ka uche na-eme ihe, owu ọmụma n'oge agadi (Ruth et Santacruz 2017; Lick et al. Xnumx; Yarns et al. Xnumx) N'agbanyeghi eziokwu na mmekorita nke mmekorita nke na-akpata oke onwe ya ma obu mmuo nke psychosocial edeghi dika oria diri onwe ya na mbiputa ohuru nke ndi American American Psychiatric Association (“DSM-5”), ufodu ndi oria na ndi ulo ogwu na ewere ha dika udiri. iri mmadụ ahụ riri ahụ, dị ka riri ahụ ịgba chaa chaa (Yarns et al. Xnumx).

Ize ndụ metụtara inwe mmekọ nwoke na nwoke

Nwoke idina nwoke

Dika ihe omumu ihe omimi si di, nmekorita nwoke na nwoke na nwoke na nwoke na-enwe ihe ojoo. Mmekorita nwoke na nwanyi n’etiti nwoke na nwoke na nmeko nwoke na nwoke¹; na akwụkwọ sayensị na akwụkwọ iwu, a na-akpọkwa mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị.Fischel xnumx, p. 2030; Zhakupova 2015, p. A543; Weinmeyer xnumx, p. 916; Iwu Iwu Iwu Israel, nka. 347c) N'ọtụtụ ihe, ana - ahụ mkpachapụ anya ịkpa oke na mmekọ nwoke na nwoke n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na - eme ike na mkpịsị ụkwụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha nke European nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke, a na-emekasị mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na 95% nke ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị niile, (EMIS 2010, p. 113). Ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ nyochara omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na nwoke idina ụdị onwe na-ebute oria HIV, nke ndị mmekọ ibe ya bụ ndị butere ọrịa HIV - a na-eme kọntaktị mmechi na 99,7% nke ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị niile (Rodger 2016, p. 177).

Na mgbakwunye, omume nke mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị n’emebighị mmetụta n’etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, dịka isi mmalite dị iche iche si kwuo, bụ 41% (Valleroy 2000), 43% (Grov 2014), 56% (Nelson xnumx), 58% (EMIS 2010, p. 116). Ojiji condom na mmekorita nwoke na nwoke na ibe ya na-adawanye na nso nso a.Hess 2017, p. 2814; Unemo 2017).

Ize ndụ metụtara ịkọ nkọ

Fulawa - akụkụ ikpeazụ nke eriri afọ mmadụ na - abụkarị maka mkpokọta na mpụta nke feces dị nro. Usoro nke ịgbari nri mmadụ na ọnụnọ nke symbiotic microorganisms na lumen eriri afọ nke na-eme ka ndakpọ nke ihe dị iche iche na nri (Quigley 2013) Micromụ ahụhụ ndị a na ahụike adịghị mgbe ọ bụla abanye n'ọbara ọbara n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ihe ọmụmụ physiological mejupụtara akwa akwa mucous na mgbidi eriri afọ (Faderl xnumx) Nbanye n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ symbiotic n’ime n’ọbara na-ebute ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere sepsis (Takiishi 2017; Kelly 2015).

Ọkpụkpụ arụrụ arụ na arụ ọrụ nke ikenji ahụ anaghị enye ya iji mee ihe na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị: nkọwa nke njikọta mkpụrụedemede dịka ọnye na ọnya ọgbụgba na-emegide ihe anatomical na akụrụngwa nke ahụ mmadụ. Ọbụnadị na-eji rọba mmadụ na-eme ya, ibute ọnya na-ebutere mmadụ nnukwu nsogbu, ọkachasị maka onye nyere ya ya. Mgbe ekpughere ya n’ọkpụkpụ n’oge agụụ mmekọahụ a na-ekwu okwu ya, anụ ya dị nro merụrụ ahụ. Nkwa ndị a na-arụ ọrụ n'ịkpakọba akwara dị larịị mgbe ị na-akwadebe ha maka mpụta ahụ n'ihi nwayọ nwayọ nke ụkwara ahụ. Tụnyere ntamu na ikpu ahụ abaghị uru: akwara nke ikenji ahụ esighi ike ka anụ ahụ nwanyị, akụkụ ahụ nke e mepụtara maka ọmụmụ. Na mgbakwunye, gburugburu obosara ya bụ ihe dị ọcha karịa karịa gburugburu obo ụkwụ. Ọkpụkpụ ahụ nwere akụrụngwa pụrụ iche ma nwee netwọkwa akwara na-akwado ya. Ejiri akpụkpọ anụ mucous kpuchie akụkụ dị n'ime ya, nke nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa nke epithelial sel, nke ga-enyere gị aka ịnye esemokwu na-enweghị mmebi ma guzogide mmetụta immunological nke spam. Izu dị n'ime mejupụtara akụkụ ahụ ikiri ụkwụ kpuchie nke nwere otu sel nke epithelial. Ahụ anụ ahụ nke akwara ụkwụ na-enwekarị nsogbu ma ọ bụ na-enwekarị nsogbu na-enwe mmekọahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnweghị mmerụ ahụ pụtara, microcracks na microcracks nke mucosa na-enye aka na-abanye na microparticles fecal, protein na ụmụ nje n'ime ọbara.

Ndi okacha mara kwuru na umunwoke nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyi nwere udiri akwara ma obu ihe ha na eme ya nihi aru ha.Kazal 1976) A kpọkwara ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ọrịa ndị a na ọrịa mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị.²; ọ gụnyere n'ibelata usoro nke ugboro: conical condylomatosis, hemorrhoid, proctitis, rectal fissures na fistulas, ọnya ọnya afọ, amoebiasis, polyps, viral hepatitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, hurtal rectal, body Foreign in the rectum, shigellosis, ọnya afọ. rectum na lymphogranulomatosis (Owen xnumx; Kazal 1976) Authorsfọdụ ndị edemede akatọla okwu ahụ bụ "bowel syndrome syndrome" na-ekwu na ụfọdụ n'ime nsogbu ndị a ka ahụkwara n’ime eriri afọ ụmụ nwanyị, mana imirikiti ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa a bụ ụmụ nwoke ndị na-eso nwoke ndị ọzọ arụ ọrụ nyocha (Glenn 1994; Markell 1983).

Na mgbakwunye na mgbidi nke akụkụ anọ, mkpịsị akwara, akwara afọ, na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi mbelata nke, na mpụga usoro ibibi ahụ, a na-enwe ikpu dị na fum. Sphincter nke nwere ike ime ka ụda olu ya dịkwuo elu, na-enwe ike ịgbatị naanị obere oge wepu feces dịtụ nro. Site na mmerụ ahụ ugboro ugboro, esemokwu na esemokwu, sphincter na-efunahụ ụda ya na ike iji nọgide na-emechi emechi.

Dabere na ihe ndị a anyị kwurula, anyị na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-esote site na njikọta ọnya na -: (A) ntinye nke microorganisms na nje site na oghere akụkụ ahụ banye n'ọbara n'ihi esemokwu ọgbaghara; (B) mgbaka ọgbụgba n'ihi ịgbatị sphincter, na mmerụ ahụ nke eriri afọ; (B) nsogbu kpatara site na nzaghachi ọgwụ gbasara spam.

A. Ihe egwu nke ibute ọrịa

Ọrịa AIDS n'etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke

Site na njikọta ọnya na - ebute ọrịa, mmadụ nwere ike ibute ọrịa mmadụ na - ebubata ya (HIV / AIDS) na - abawanye ụba, nke na - arụkwa ọrụ site na ezughi oke mkpokoro mucosa.Baggaley 2010; Belec 1995; Levy 1993) Mgbe mbụ a chọpụtara nje HIV / AIDS na United States, na 1981, aha aha nwoke na-eduga nwoke na nwanyị ịlụso nwoke nwoke ọgụ, “ọrịa metụtara alụkwaghịm metụtara nwoke na nwanyị (GRID)”³ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha ruru ihe karịrị 90% nke ndị ọrịa ọhụụ.Altman 1982) Dabere na Centerlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrịa na Mgbochi Ọrịa US (NCHP) maka afọ 2015, ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke na-enwe mmekọahụ na-ekwupụta 67% nke ọrịa nje HIV ọhụrụ na USA na 82% nke ọrịa nje HIV ọ bụla na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke. ihe karịrị 13 afọ (CDC 2015) Ugboro nke oria oria a n’etiti ndi mmadu bu 50 ugboro ugboro n’otu n’otu (Bagby 2009). Ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa HIV na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị n’echebeghị amụba bụ 17,25 oge dị elu karịa inwe mmekọahụ na-enweghị nchebe (Patel 2014).

Na 2007, NCHP bipụtara akụkọ nke nyere ọnụ ọgụgụ banyere ọnwụ na ihe ndị dị ize ndụ maka ọnwụ (CDC 2007) N’ime ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke ọrịa AIDS, agụrụ ihe ndị dị ize ndụ butere ọrịa AIDS (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmịnye ọbara, nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị, ọgwụ riri ahụ, wdg). Dabere na akụkọ 2007, mmekọ nwoke na nwoke bụ naanị ụzọ isi ebute nje HIV na 59,2% nke ọnwụ AIDS (CDC 2007, p. 19), na 2015 onu ogugu ruru 66,8% (CDC 2015, p. 18). Ihe omuma a gosiputara na National NCHP Conference na 2010 gosiputara ugboro ugboro nke nyocha ohuru nke HIV n’etiti ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke ji okpukpu abụọ karịa nke 44 karịa nke ụmụ nwoke ndị ọzọ (CDC 2010; Pịa Hapu xnumx) Dabere na akụkọ NCHP maka afọ 2010, ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ha maka 63% nke ọhụụ ọrịa nje HIV edere (CDC 2012) na 67% - nke ihe ọhụụ gbasara nje HIV na 2015 afọ (Nelson xnumx) Na Australia, ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke gbara 80% nke ọrịa nje ọhụụ na 2017 afọ (Kirby Institute 2017).

Ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na, dịka otu NCHPZ maka afọ 2010-2016, ọnụọgụ nke ọrịa n'etiti heterosexuals na-ebelata kwa afọ (na 2015, ihe dị ka 3 000 kwa afọ), ebe n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe - ihe dị ka 26 000 kwa afọ (CDC 2016) Nyere na United States na-edina ụdị onwe na-eme naanị 2.3% nke ndị bi (Ward et al. Xnumx), Ọrịa nje HIV n’etiti ha na-aputa ihe ruru 375 ugboro karịa karịa n’etiti heterosexuals. Ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị 9% nke ọrịa na United States na-eme site na kọntaktị nwoke na nwanyị, ebe ndị na-edina ụdị onwe, n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta ha, nwere ọrụ maka 67% nke nje HIV niile, yana maka 83% n'etiti ụmụ nwoke.

A na-ahụ ihe osise yiri na mba ndị ọzọ.

Ọzọkwa, n'ihi oke ọrịa AIDS dị n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe, a machibidoro iwu inye onyinye na ọbara, ọbụna na mba ebe a na-abanye na nwoke idina ụdị onwe na ndụ ọha na eze (dịka ọmụmaatụ, USA, Germany ma ọ bụ Netherlands) (FDA 2017).

Ọzọkwa, ọrịa AIDS na ọrịa mgbochi ọrịa metụtara ya bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara mmepe akpụkpọ ahụ jọgburu akpọrọ Kaposi's sarcoma: na USA, a na-ahụkarị kaposi nke Kaposi na oria AIDS n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị (Kumar 2016; PDQ 2015).

Ọrịa HIV / AIDS abụghị nanị ọrịa a na-ebute site ná mmekọahụ (STD) nke na-ahụkarị ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. Dabere na akụkọ dị iche iche, ụmụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke nwere ohere dị ukwuu maka ọrịa ndị a: syphilis (Obodo 2017), akụrụngwa (Fairley 2017b), chlamydia na venereal lymphogranulomatosis ()Saxon xnumx; Annan 2009malitere ịrịa ịba ọcha n'anya (CDC 2015; Lim xnumx), cryptosporidiosis (Hellard xnumx), Epstein-Barr virus (Hsu xnumx; Van Baarle 2000; Naher 1995), shigellosis (Danila xnumx; Thorpe n'ime Holmes xnumx, p. 549), salmonellosis na typhoid (Reller 2003; Baker xnumx), papillomavirus (Patel 2017) N’okpuru, anyị ga-arịba n’ụzọ sara mbara ụfọdụ STDs edepụtara.

Ndị na-atụgharị uche

Fọdụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ kpọrọ syphilis ọrịa (oria nje HIV) n’etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe (Spornraft-Ragaller 2014) Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka King County nke Washington State dị na America maka afọ 1999, 85% nke ikpe metụtara syphilis ka a kọrọ n'etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke (CDC 1999) Na ọkwa mba na America, nnabata nke syphilis bụ isi na nke abụọ n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke karịa 46 karịa karịa nwoke na nwanyị.CDC 2010) Enweela mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ọhụrụ nke ọrịa syphilis n'etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke n'afọ iri gara aga (Mayer 2017; Abara xnumx, p. 9).

Gonorrhea

Ọ na-abawanye na ihe nwoke na nwoke na nwoke (na nwoke idina nwoke)Fairley 2017b) Ọrịa gonorrhea n’etiti ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwoke nwere iko nwoke ji okpukpu iri karịa nke nje nwoke na nwanyị na-edina ụdị mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, ọbụlagodi na mba nwere usoro nlekọta ahụike emepe (Fairley 2017a) N'ime ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe, ọrịa na-efe efe na-emetụta tumadi pharynx na rectum, ọrịa ahụ na-ebute ihe mgbaàmà doro anya, ma ọ bụ n'ozuzu asymptomatally (Barbee 2014).

B. Ihe ọghọm nke mmebi nke Sphincter

Dabere na nnukwu ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ America, mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị mgbe niile na-eduga ná nsị nke ihe na - akpata ọrịa na - akpata esemokwu na - adị na - akpata ume -Markland xnumx).

Nyocha a gụnyere data sitere na mmadụ 4 bụ ndị dị afọ 170-20 (ụmụ nwanyị 69 na ụmụ nwoke 2) ... Mgbe mgbanwe dịgasị iche iche maka ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara njigide nke afọ, mmekọrịta gbasara ahụ ike na-abụ onye amụma dị mkpa nke enweghi nsogbu nke ụmụ nwoke (ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke: 070 , 2, na 100% oge obi ike: 2,8-95) na ụmụ nwanyị (ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke: 1,6, yana 5,0% oge ntụkwasị obi: 1,5-95) ... Mmechi: nsonaazụ achọpụtara na-akwado nkwupụta ahụ mmekorita nke nwoke na nwanyi bu ihe na - eme ka ndi mmadu ghara ichikota onwe ha, karia ndi nwoke (Markland xnumx).

Onkwụ arụ na - apụta na mwepu mmiri nke eriri afọ (feces, mmiri mmiri, gas) na enweghị ike igbu oge ihie rue ruo na mposi (Paquette xnumx) Onkpa aghara na-ebute nsogbu nke abụọ, nwere ike ibute nkwarụ na nnukwu nsogbu onwe onye nke ndị ọrịa, ọgwụgwọ ya bụkwa ọrụ siri ike (Saldana Ruiz 2017) Nsonaazụ nke mmekuta akụkụ ahụ nwoke na nwanyị, “site na nkwenyerịta na-akparị mmadụ”, nwere ike bụrụ nnukwu mmerụ ahụ nke chọrọ ịwa ahụ ngwa ngwa (Altomare 2017, p. 372). Mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na-ebute ọrịa na-eduga na nnukwu ihe mgbu (Rosser 1998; Damon 2005; Oghere xnumx; Hirshfield xnumx)

B. Ize ndụ jikọrọ nje na amamịghe na spam

Ọgwụ antisperm (ASA) - ọgwụ mgbochi nke ahụ mmadụ mepụtara megide antigens spam nwoke na nwoke (Krause 2017, p. 109). Ihe omumu nke ASA bu otu n’ime ihe kpatara mbelata omumu ma obu imu nwa n’azu: ASA na emetuta oru nke spermatozoa, megharia mmeghari ndi mmadu n’aru (gbanwee uzo mmeghachi nke acrosomal), ihe ntinye na mmepe nke ẹmbrayo (Restrepo 2013) Mmụta banyere ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche egosiwo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ASA na nbucha ẹmbrayo (Krause 2017, p. 164) Cui et al. Mgbe emechara nyocha nke meta nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ASA na ụmụ nwoke, na-ekpuchi ikpe 1167 nke ụmụ nwoke na-amụ nwa, anyị chọpụtara na n'okwu ikpe 238 (20,4%) na ụmụ nwoke na-amụghị amụ, ASA (Cui xnumx), na Restrepo na Cardona-Maya na-egosi na nyocha ha na ASA bụ ihe kpatara amụmụ nwa na 10 - 30% di na nwunye amụghị amụ (Restrepo 2013) Dabere na Fijak et al, akara a nwere ike ịdị elu karịa, ebe ọ bụ na 31% nke ihe kpatara amụmụ nwa ka amabeghị, ASA nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ n'okwu ndị a akọwapụtaghị (Fijak xnumx, 2018) A na-enyocha mmetụta mgbochi nke ASA n'oge mmepe a na-akpọ mgbochi ogwu mgbochi ọrịa maka mmadụ (Krause 2017, p. 251), yana iji belata ma jikwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ọhịa (Krause 2017, p. 268).

Otutu ndi dere ede n’egosiputa na oghere di na nwunye n’oge nmekorita nwoke na nwanyi bu ihe kpatara itolite ASA na nmekorita nwoke na nwanyi (Rao 2014Tom. 1, p. 311; Lu 2008; Bronson xnumx) Wolff et al chọpụtara na ugboro ole nchọpụta ASA n’ebe ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ha ruru 28,6% (Wolff xnumx) Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ nke Witkin na ndị ọrụ ibe gosipụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnụnọ ọgwụ antigens na ịmịnye ọrịa mgbochi ọrịa na plasma ọbara n'ime ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ha (ndị nwoke na-edina nwoke).Witkin 1983a) N'ime ọmụmụ nke Mulhall na ndị ọrụ ibe, ọnụọgụ nchọpụta nke ASA n'ime ụmụ nwoke ndị na - enwetara kọntaktị nkwupute na - adịbeghị anya n'oge ọnwa 6 gara aga bụ 17%, na 0% n'ime ụmụ nwoke na - emeghị ụdị kọntaktị ndị a (Mulhall 1990) Agbanyeghị, nchọpụta sitere na Sands et al. Ekpugheghị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti kọntaktị nwoke idina nwoke na ndị ASA na -akpọ mmadụ.Sands xnumx) Ka o sina dị, ndị isi ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere ịmụ nwa na-ekwenye ekwenye na, n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmụmụ ezughị ezu maka mmechi enweghị nkwekọrịta, o kwere omume inwe usoro ASA na ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na-anabata mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị.Krause 2017, p. 142).

ASA nwekwara ike etolite n’ime ahụ mgbe e mebiri ihe mgbochi-testicular ọbara (a na-akpọtụrụ ọbara na mkpụrụ ndụ semigenic) n’ihi ọrịa ndị a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ (lee n’elu: gonorrhea, wdg) - imepụta ọgwụ mgbochi antisperm na antigens nke spermatozoa nke onwe ha (Jiang xnumx; Restrepo 2013; Francavilla xnumx, p. 2899).

Ọ dị mma ịmara na spermatozoa metụtara na ASA nwere ike ibute imepụta ASA n’ime ụmụ nwanyị (Krause 2017, p. 166). Eziokwu a nwere mmasị pụrụ iche na sayensị, na-eburu n'uche na data sitere na 45,6% ka 73% nke ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ha na-enwe mmekọahụ na ụmụ nwanyị (Tao xnumx; Larmarange xnumx) Ndi isi akwukwo na ndi n’eto ya kwuputara ihe omuma di otu ha na akowa ha banyere nmekorita nwoke n’ime ndi nwanyi idina nwoke: n’ihi nke ha, olile anya nwoke na nwoke nwere nmekorita nwoke n’ato karie otutu ndi inyom.Fethers xnumx, peeji nke 347 - 348).

Banyere nsonaazụ nke ogologo oge nke ASA na nsogbu nke amụghị amụ, Kirilenko et al dee:

“… N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bịara doo anya na ụdị adịghị ọcha bụ ihe na - akpata ọ bụghị naanị na afọ ime, kamakwa na - enwe mmetuta nke ẹmbrayo, ihe arụrụala nke ọrịa nne na nna na ụmụaka. N'ime ọtụtụ ihe a na - atụ aro ka arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ ugbua, mbibi nke nuklia bụ ihe a kacha agụ nyocha ma na - amatawanye dịka isi ihe na - emetụta ogo ẹmbrayo ahụ, mmepe ya na itinye ihe. Meta-nyochara banyere ọrụ nkewawapụta DNA gosiri na ihe ọghọm nke ịtụrụ ime na nsogbu ịtụrụ nwa na-abawanye ruo ugboro anọ site na ịbawanye na mkpụrụụba DNA mkpụrụ (usoro iwu 15-30%, dabere na usoro ejiri), ọbụlagodi na ụzọ nke njikọta njikọta vitro na ntụtụ intanettoplasmic spam nwoke. A na - ahụta usoro pathogenetic kachasị nke mmebi dị ka oke nke ụdị oxygen na - emeghachi omume - ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, nke na - eduga na spermatozoa OS. Ihe kachasị akpata nchekasị oxidative na sistemụ nwoke bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na mbufụt na ASA na akụkụ urogenital ... "(Kirilenko 2017).

N’ezie, omumu na-enyocha mmekorita nwoke na nwoke na nwoke dika ihe egwu di na ntukwasioso nwanyi ga-eme ka ihe a mara doo anya.

Na mgbakwunye na nsogbu ịmụ nwa, nchịkwa nchịkwa nwere ike bụrụ ihe kpatara nsogbu ndị ọzọ. Ejiri nlebara anya na-akpali akpali nke Witkin et al.: Mkpụkọ mkpịwa izu nke ụmụ oke bekee na mkpụrụ nke oke bekee maka izu 15 mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na mgbochi nke GM1 gangliosides. A hụtala oria di otu a n’ebe ndi oria mmikpo na-edina ụdị onwe ha (Witkin 1983b) ma, na nke a, a chọrọ nyocha ọzọ maka nkwubi okwu ọ bụla.

Nmekorita nwoke na nwanyi nwere ome-thrombocytopenic purpura, tinyere udi siri ike (Bender xnumx; Goldsweig 1986; Morris xnumx) Morris na ndị otu ya tụụrụ anyị aro ka ọ bụrụ ọrịa abachapụ ọbara ọbara bụ n'ihi azịza ọrịa nwoke na-alụso spam.Morris xnumx).

Ize ndụ metụtara ụdị ndị ọzọ nke eroticism

Ahụ ike ma ọ bụ ntupụta aka⁴ - omume nmekorita nwoke na nwanyị na ntinye aka ya n'ime eriri aka (Holland xnumx, p. 34). Dabere na nyocha European na mba ụwa, n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha bụ ndị sooro ndị mmekọ na-abụghị ndị na-emekọrịta ihe n'afọ gara aga, 17,1% mere nyocha akwụkwọ ntuziaka na arụmọrụ, yana 10,5% na ọrụ nnabata (EMIS 2010, p. 116). Dabere na nyocha n'etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke, 7% nke ndị zaghachiri na Los Angeles, USA na-emegharị aka (NTS 1998) na 8% nke ndị zaghachiri na Sydney, Australia (Richters xnumx).

Ntinye aka ntuzi aka (ma site n’ike ma site na nkwenye) na-eduga otutu ihe mmeghari aru na aru oru n’ime ogwara nri (Capeletti 2016) N'ime ọmụmụ emere n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke, 14% mere fisting. Ọzọkwa, achọpụtala njikọ dị n'etiti nkwụchi na HIV na STDs (Osikapa xnumx) Nnyocha e mere n'etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke bu nje HIV gosikwara na ịgbatị bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị nwere ike ibute ọrịa HIV (Callander 2016).

Contactnata ọnụ ma ọ bụ rimming⁵ - Omume nmekorita nke nwoke na nwanyi site na ire ya na egbugbere onu. Dabere na nyocha European zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha bụ ndị sooro ndị mmekọ na-abụghị ndị na-emekọrịta ihe n'afọ gara aga, 64,6% na 76,0% mere ndị na-ekwu okwu nyocha.EMIS 2010, p. 116).

Na omumu emere n'etiti ndi nwoke na ndi nwoke, 85% ka emechara rimming, ekpugheputara mmekorita n’etiti rimming na STD (Osikapa xnumx) Na ọmụmụ ihe nke Keystone na ndị ọrụ ibe (1980), achọpụtara akụkụ nje afọ na 67,5% nke nwoke idina nwoke na 16% nke nwoke na nwanyị, gụnyere amoebiasis eriri afọ (27% na 1%, nke ọma) na giardiasis (13% na 3%, n'otu n'otu)Keystone 1980) N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, 17% nke heterosexuals na ịlele a mere nrịanrịa, mana enweghị ọnya afọ (Keystone 1980) Nkwupụta ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi na parasitoses nke eriri afọ n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe na-ejikọ ọ bụghị nanị na omume nke nyocha eroticism, kamakwa eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha bụ ihe ndozi nke nje nsị, bụ nke ihe karịrị otu nnyocha na-achịkwa gosipụtara (Ezeh 2016) Mmekorita nwoke na nwanyi na - ejikota ya na otutu onodu nwoke na nwanyi nke na - eme mmeko nwoke.Chow xnumx, 2016; Templeton xnumx).

Womenmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe

A kọwaara nsonaazụ ahụike nke omume idina ụdị onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị karịa ụmụ nwoke - nke a bụ isi n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọrịa nje HIV n'etiti ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke dọtara òkè nke nlekọta ahụ ike. Ọzọkwa, ihe isi ike na ịmụ banyere ihe egwu ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha bụ n'ihi eziokwu na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmekọahụ na ụmụ nwoke, na ruo 30% ha na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị (nwoke)Marrazzo xnumx; Solarz 1999; O'Hanlan 1996; Skinner 1996; Ferris xnumx; Einhorn xnumx; Johnson 1987) Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọmụmụ ihe dị na ụlọ ọgwụ Australia STD, naanị 7% nke ụmụ nwanyị idina ụdị onwe ha kwuru na ha enwetụbeghị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke (nwoke na nwanyị).Fethers xnumx, p. 348). Ọmụmụ ihe a nyochakwara ọnụọgụ nke ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke n'oge ndụ ha: ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha ji ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ha okpukpu abụọ.Fethers xnumx, p. 347). Eleghi anya inwe mmeko nwoke na nwoke karia ndi nwoke 50, oge 4,5 kariri umunwanyi mmekorita karia nke ndi nwoke na ndi nwoke na ndi nwoke, na ohere ha na nwoke nwere nmekorita nwoke nke bu oria bu oria HIV ma obu onye ogwugwu riri aru karie 3.Fethers xnumx, peeji nke 347 - 348).

Na mgbakwunye na STDs, enwere ihe ize ndụ nke mgbasa nke ọrịa eriri afọ na mmerụ ahụ na mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị. Dabere na nyocha nke ụmụ nwanyị idina ụdị onwe na Michigan, mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị gụnyere nwanyị: mkpali nwoke na nwanyị - n'oge mkpagbu nwoke na nwanyị na - anabata mkpụrụ - 38,1% nke mkpali gbasara mkparịta ụka - 16,9%, nyocha gbasara (site na aka ma ọ bụ ihe) yana ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ trauma - 2,4%, ntụtụ mmamịrị ma ọ bụ fe n’ọnụ ma ọ bụ n’amịrị - 1,7% (Bybee xnumx) Na nyocha na Italian Turin, 95,1% nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị gosipụtara na ha nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke n'oge nsọ (Raiteri 1994, p. 202), na 46,1% na - emezi mgbatị ụkwụ na mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị (Raiteri 1994, p. 202). N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ, 7% nke ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha gosipụtara na ha nọ na-eme ngagharị nyocha site na izu abụọ gara aga (Russel 1995) Dika ihe omumu ozo si di, 17% na - eme ntuziaka - na ntinye aka n’ime ikpu ma obu na ime ime, 29% - mkpali gbasara onodu ya na 3% - anal fisting (Bailey 2003, p. 148). N'ime ọmụmụ nke Schick na ndị ọrụ ibe ya, n'ọnwa gara aga, 14,5% nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-edina ụmụ nwanyị amụbaala aka nwa.Schick xnumx, p. 409).

Dabere na ọmụmụ, ụmụ nwanyị idina ụdị onwe ha nwere, n'iji ya tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha, na-arịwanye elu nke nje bacteria (Bailey 2004; McCaffrey 1999; Skinner 1996; Berger 1995; Edwards xnumx), Oge 2,5 dị elu karịa nke ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe (Evans 2007).

Ize ndụ metụtara ọrịa iche echiche uche

Na 2017, otu ndị nyocha si Mahadum Seattle bipụtara nyocha nke data sitere na Nnyocha Nyocha Ahụike Mba (2013 - 2014)Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017). Nyocha a gụnyere ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị 33 dị afọ 346 na karịa, nke 50% bụ ụmụ nwanyị idina ụdị onwe na 1,34% bụ ụmụ nwoke idina nwoke (Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017, p. 1335). Ndị dere chọpụtara na ndị edina ụdị onwe ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-anabata nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị nwere ụdị omume ahụ na-adịghị mma, na-arịa ụdị ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrịa mgbochi ọrịa, ọgba aghara ọgbụgba, ọrịa strok, nsogbu nke uche, wdg (Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017).

Na nyocha nke meta nke e nyefere na ọmụmụ banyere ajụjụ a, enwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ndị na-eto eto na ndị okenye, nke edepụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Archives of General Psychiatry, e nwetara data ndị a:

Ndị na-egosi ihe ize ndụ igbu onwe ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na nwoke idina ụdị onwe (Herrell 1999, p. 873). O yikarịghị ka ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu nke omume igbu onwe ya na ụmụ nwoke idina ụdị onwe nwanyị nwere ike ịbụ naanị n'ihi ị substanceụ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa psychiatric ndị ọzọ na-akpata (Herrell 1999, p. 867).

Nsonaazụ gosipụtara ihe akaebe na-eto eto na nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe na nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nsogbu ahụike ọgụgụ isi, akparamagwa igbu onwe ya na nsogbu ndị ọzọ.Fergusson 1999, p. 876).

Dabere na ntinye nke enweghị azịza nke ndị zaghachirinụ, Gilman na ndị ọrụ ibe ya (2001) gbakọrọ ọnụego maka ọnwa 12 gara aga (“ihe atụ nke ọnwa 12”) na ihe ize ndụ ndụ (“ihe ize ndụ ndụ”) na nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị idina ụdị onwe.Gilman xnumx).

Tụnyere ihe ndị bụ isi na - egosi nsogbu mgbaka dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na - edina ụdị onwe ha (Gilman xnumx).

Psychopathology	Nsogbu: ndi na-edina ụdị onwe / heterosexual	Egwu ndụ: Mmeghachi omume nwoke na nwanyị / Heterosexual
Ọrịa nchekasị post-traumatic	21% / 6%	2,7
Ọrịa nchekasị	40% / 22,4%	1,8
Ọrịa ịda mbà n'obi	34,5% / 12,9%	1,9
Ọrịa ndị na-emetụta ya	35,1% / 13,9%	2,0
Ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ	19,5% / 7,2%	2,4

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ nke Jorm na ndị ọrụ ibe (2002) nwetara data yiri nke ahụ banyere nnukwu nsogbu dị n'etiti ndị na-anabata mmekọ nwoke na nwoke nke ọrịa dịka nsogbu ụjọ, nkụda mmụọ, echiche igbu onwe onye na nsogbu ọgba aghara (Jorm xnumx).

Nnyocha dịgasị iche iche ekpughere ọkwa dị elu nke nsogbu uche mmụọ n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha (Eze xnumx; Bradford xnumx; Pillard 1988).

Obi nkoropụ na nsogbu ọgba aghara

Ron Stoll, onye isi America nyocha nke ọrịa AIDS na-ekwu ọtụtụ afọ, kwuru na "enwere nnukwu nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha" (Stall xnumx). Organizationtù ndị America "Gay & Lesbian Medical Association" na ngwongwo ya na-egosi na ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe nwere ike ịda mbà n'obi na nsogbu nchekasị (Silenzio 2010), nke kwenyesiri ike n'ọtụtụ ọmụmụ (Cochran xnumx; Eze xnumx, 2008; Meyer 2003; Jorm xnumx; Gilman xnumx; Sandfort 2001; Fergusson 1999; Hershberger 1995; Berg 2008; Bostwick xnumx) N'ime ọmụmụ ihe na Netherlands, n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke, ihe kpatara nsogbu nke afọ niile bụ oge 2,94 dị elu karịa n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke na nwanyị, na ọnọdụ nke nsogbu ụjọ bụ oge 2,61 dị elu (Sandfort 2001) Researchersfọdụ ndị nyocha na-atụ aro na ụmụ nwoke idina ụdị onwe ha na-eme ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ikpe nke ọrịa uche - 42 - 49% (Warner xnumx).

Igbu onwe ya

Ndị mmadụ na nwoke na nwanyị inwe mmekọ ụdị n'ụdị na-anọchite anya otu nwere nnukwu ihe igbu onwe ya (Voroshilin 2012, p. 40). Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ nke Herrell na ndị ọrụ ibe (1999) chọpụtara na mmasị nwoke na nwanyị nwere mmekọ nwoke nso na njiri dị iche iche na-egosi nsogbu ọgbụgba onwe: maka ụmụ nwoke idina ụdị onwe, ihe ize ndụ nke igbu onwe onye bụ oge 4,1 dị elu, ihe egwu nke igbu onwe ya bụ 6,5 oge dị elu (Herrell 1999) Mgbe ukpụgasịrị ọnụ ọgụgụ gbatịrị iji chọpụta ihe ihe dị ka iji ihe eji eme ihe na mgbawa mmụọ, ndị na - egosi igbu onwe ha ka bara nnukwu uru. Ọmụmụ ihe emere na - eme n'etiti ndị na - eto eto, ndị na - akọwa onwe ha dị ka ndị idina ụdị onwe, kpughere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke igbu onwe ha na ịnwa igbu onwe ha n'etiti ha.Mathy xnumx) karịa n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na-edina ụdị onwe ha. N'afọ 2008, e bipụtara nsonaazụ nyocha ihe omimi, nke a na-ahazi ihe karịrị 13 ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ gbasara isiokwu a, n'ihi nke ahọpụtara 25 nyocha ọfụma.Eze xnumx) Achọpụtara ya na e jiri ya tụnyere ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ na ndị nwere ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, enwere ịrị elu karịa ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke igbu onwe onye; ihe ọghọm nke nkụda mmụọ na obi erughị ala, mmanya riri ahụ na ọgwụ ọjọọ riri otu okpukpu na ọkara elu (Eze xnumx) Kariche, ịkpa agwa dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị kpughere na, ma e jiri ya na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ mmadụ, n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe, ihe ize ndụ nke igbu onwe ya bụ oge 4,28 dị elu; n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha, ihe ize ndụ nke ị alcoholụ mmanya na-egbu bụ oge 4 dị elu, na iri mmadụ ọgwụ riri bụ 3,5 ugboro elu (Eze xnumx) Na nnukwu ọmụmụ ihe America, achọpụtara na ihe egwu dị iche iche nke igbu onwe onye, ​​ọgba aghara na njide onwe onye (mmerụ ahụ) n'etiti ndị na-eto eto nwere njiko ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị karịrị ụdị ihe egwu ahụ n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na-edina ụdị onwe, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ ndị zaghachirinụ (Xuta III) Ihe ozo di iche-iche nke oria uche na imechu ndi mmadu n’emekorita nwoke na ibe ya ka ekwuputara na ihe omumu emere n’Australia (Swannell xnumx; Skerrett 2015), na England (Chakraborty xnumx, na New Zealand (Skegg 2003), na Sweden (Björkenstam 2016) Ndị na-akwado LGBT + na ngagharị ahụ na-ekwupụta data dị otú ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ na ịkpa oke. Agbanyeghị, anyị rịbara ama na ọmụmụ ihe ndị a dị na mba ndị ebe ndị nwere ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na-enweta nkwado na nchekwa nke ngwa gọọmentị.

Ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ

Dika ihe omumu di iche, onodu ogwu ojoo n’etiti ndi na-edina nwoke na nwanyi di elu karie n ’onu ogugu ndi mmadu nile, ya na ndi mmadu na-elebara anya na ndi nwoke.Padilla 2010; Halkitis 2009; Cochran xnumx; Eze xnumx, 2008; Meyer 2003; Jorm xnumx; Gilman xnumx; Sandfort 2001; Stall xnumx; Fergusson 1999; Hershberger 1995), dị ka ụfọdụ akụkọ si kwuo, oge 2 - 3 dị elu karịa nke ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke na nwanyị (Cochran xnumx; Ryan xnumx; Skinner 1994; Green xnumx). Dabere na nzukọ ndị America Gay & Lesbian Medical Association, ụmụ nwoke idina nwoke nwere ike ị areụ ọgwụ ike (Silenzio 2010) Dabere na Grant na ndị ọrụ ibe, ụmụ nwoke idina ụdị onwe yikarịrị ka ha ga-arịa ọrịa na-akpalikwa ike na ịdabere na ọgwụ ọgwụ karịa ụmụ nwoke na-edina nwoke.Grant xnumx) Maka ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha, ihe ize ndụ nke iji ihe eme ihe n'afọ bụ oge 4,05 dị elu karịa maka ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe (Sandfort 2001).

Alcoholism

Americantù ndị America "Gay & Lesbian Medical Association" na-egosi na n'etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha nwere ịba ụba nke a alcoholụrụma (Silenzio 2010) Menmụ nwoke nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke nwere ọnụọgụ ị higherụ mmanya na-abawanye elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere heterosexuals (Irwin 2006; Wong xnumx; Stall xnumx) N'afọ ndị gara aga, ọmụmụ egosila na oke oke mmanya nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmasị nwoke ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị inyom na-edina nwoke na nwanyị (Cassidy in McElmurry 1997; Eliason xnumx; Na-adọta 2005; Skinner 1996, 1994; Aha ebe Dan xnumx; O'Hanlan 1995; Rosser 1993; NGLTF 1993; Cabaj na Lowinson xnumx, Cabaj 1996; Xlọ Nzukọ 1993; Finnegan na Engs 1990; Glaus xnumx).

Oncological ọrịa

Enwere ihe akaebe siri ike na ihe kpatara ọrịa cancer dị elu n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ "LGBT +" (Boehmer na Ronit 2015). Nnyocha nke Zaritsky na Dibble nyochara ụdị XDRX abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị idina ụdị onwe ha na ụmụ nwanyị ndị nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ya, achọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị idina ụdị onwe ha nwere ihe dị elu nke ịmalite ọrịa cancer uterine ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụnne ha ndị nwanyị - ndị dere kwuru na nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na amụghị nwa na oke ibu. n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha ka elu (Zaritsky 2010) Ọrịa cancer na-egbu egbu bụ ọrịa kansa nke akụkụ ukwu nke papillomavirus (Breese xnumx) megidere ndabere nke nje HIV (Hleyhel xnumx) Ugboro ugboro nke ana - eme nyocha nke nwoke na - eme ihe na - eme ihe gbasara nwoke na nwoke na - eme ihe na - eme ka nwoke mata ihe na - emekari a na - eme ya.Siegenbeek van Heukelom 2017; Chin-hong xnumx, 2005; Tseng 2003; Willett xnumx) Na nnyocha buru ibu nke Daling na ndị ọrụ ibe banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ọrịa cancer n'etiti ụmụ nwoke, na-ekpuchi oge site na 1978 ruo 1985, omume nke mmekọ nwoke na nwoke ọ bụla mere ka ihe egwu ahụ dịkwuo site na oge 50, na omume nke inwe mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na-amụba ozugbo mụbara site na 33.Xkpọ xnumx) Nyocha usoro na usoro ihe omimi sitere n’aka Machalek et al chọpụtara na onodu ọnya ọnya n’etiti ụmụ nwoke na nwanyị nwere oria HIV bụ ikpe 45,9 n’obodo 100 000, n’etiti ndị na-edina ụdị onwe na - 5,1 na 100 000 bi (Machalek xnumx), na mkpokọta ndị mmadụ - site na 1 ruo 2 na onu ogugu 100Grulich xnumx).

Ozi ndi ozo

Enwere ike ịchọta ozi na nkọwa ndị ọzọ na isi mmalite ndị a:

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Ihe edeturu

1 iwebata nke amụ nke onye ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ndọtị nke onye na - anabata ihe

2 Bekee: "gaygba ume na nwanyị nwere mmasị nwoke"

3 ugbu a, n'okpuru nrụgide nke òtù ọha na-ahụ maka ngagharị LGBT +, a na-ahụ ịkọwapụta dị ka immunodefrition nke nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe eriri afọ. Emeela nnukwu mbọ iji wepu okwu ahụ "ejighi nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị idina nwanyị" na ojiji sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Bruce Weller, onye guzobere The National Gay Task Force (Chuck 2003, p. 168).

4 si Bekee Fist bụ aka aka

5 si Bekee "Rim" - rim

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Laser Proctology Center "ATLANTiK" na-enye ọgwụgwọ nwoke bowel syndrome (nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke bowel syndrome):

Nwanyị Lesbianism: ihe na nsonaazụ ya

Jan Goland na ọgwụgwọ nke nwoke idina nwoke (ajụjụ ọnụ vidiyo naanị)