A na-ebipụta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe dị n'okpuru na akụkọ nyocha. "Nkwupụta nke otu nwoke idina ụdị onwe na-eji eziokwu nke sayensị.". doi:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

Nchọta Isi

(1) Enwere isi ihe dị ukwuu banyere ikike ahụike na nke nyocha na-egosi na enwere ike iwepụ mmasi nwoke na nwanyị na-achọghị.
(2) Ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka arụmọrụ nke ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume bụ ntinye ama ama nke onye ọrịa mara na ịgbanwe mgbanwe.
(3) N'ọtụtụ oge, mmasị nwoke idina nwoke, nke nwere ike ime n'oge nwoke na-eto eto, na-apụ n'anya na-enweghị ọnà na tozuru ogo karịa.

Okwu Mmalite

A na-akpọ nlekọta pụrụ iche maka ndị chọrọ iwepụ mmasị ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke na-achọghị (NGV) ka ana-akpọ ọgwụgwọ mmegharị, SOCE.¹ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume. Ọzọkwa, enyemaka dị ka a na-akpọ ntụgharị uche, ntụgharị, usoro hetero-affritative ma ọ bụ usoro ịlọ ụwa.

Ebe ọ bụ na eziokwu banyere ụlọ ọgwụ banyere ihe ịga nke ọma banyere mkpesa nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na ntughari na ndụ nwoke na nwanyị nkịtị na-emebi echiche ụgha nke "congenitality" na "enweghị mgbochi" nke nwoke idina nwoke, nke na-ewulite ọgbaghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị na-achọ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke, ha gbara mbọ dị ukwuu iji tụfuo usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume, na-ekpughere. ya onwe ya bu onye adighizi aru ma obu ihe ojoo, nye ndi n’eto ya dika ndi okita ugbo ala na ndi okpukpere chi. Otu n'ime mantras oge niile nke "LGBT +" ngagharị bụ nkwuputa na enyemaka nke ndị ọkachamara enweghị ike iwepu GBV. Okwu a abụghị eziokwu.

Kpochapu NVG site na isoro ndi okacha mara oru

N'afọ 1973, ewezuga egosyntonic (ya bụ, nnabata onye ọrịa) mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na ndepụta nke nsogbu uche, ndị American Psychiatric Association bipụtara. ihe odidedị ka nke: 

"... Usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgbara ọhụụ na-enye ohere akụkụ pụtara oke nke ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke chọrọ ịgbanwe ntụgharị ha ime nke a ..." (Spitzer, 1973).

Mgbakọ nke Association ahụ, Kọmitii Ntinye ya na Kọmitii Ntuli aka kwadoro nkwupụta a - kansụl nke ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto na-emekọrịta ihe bụ ndị tozuru oke n ’ịhapụ iji gosipụta mmekọ nwoke na nwoke. Ọ bụ APA duziri ya Onakpụrụ Leona Tylerdabere na nkwupụta nke ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ kwesịrị ịdabere naanị na data sayensị na ahụmịhe ọkachamara. Dịka onye bụbu onye isi oche nke American Psychological Association, Nicholas Cummings, na-agba akaebe, na-eru nso na 90 afọ, mkpakọrịta ahụ hapụrụ ụkpụrụ a iji mee ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mma.

Video na Bekee

Agbanyeghị, na 2009, ndị American Psychological Association na-ebipụta ntuziaka maka nchọpụta ọrịa uche na ọgwụgwọ ọhụụ, nke kọrọ ndị a:

“Ihe akaebe na-egosi na nso nso a na-egosi na ntụrụndụ mmekọ nwoke na nwoke nwere ike gbanwee nke ndị ahịa kpaliri, na ịnwa ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ anaghị ebute mmerụ ahụ nke mmetụta ahụ.” 
(Mkpa Psychopathology na ọgwụgwọ ya (2009), 3d ed. p. 468, 

Agbanyeghị, ọnwa ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na mmechi na-agbanwe agbanwe, APA na-ebipụta nkwupụta na ọgwụgwọ ịkwụ ụgwọ adịghị arụ ọrụ (APA 2009) Ọ bụ nkwupụta a na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri LGBT + na-ezo aka - mmegharị na mkparịta ụka banyere ohere ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ na-edina ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke. Otu ndi otu ndi otu APA bu kwa ndi otu ndi otu ndi otu ndi otu ndi otu oru ndi oru ano², na nzaghachi na nkwupụta APA n'otu afọ ahụ bipụtara nyocha nke nkwupụta APA, nke edepụtara mmejọ ndị dị otú ahụ na akụkọ APA dịka nhọrọ nhọrọ nke isi mmalite (Phelan 2009a, p. 45), usoro aka ike nke njirisi maka usoro ịkwụghachi ụgwọ (Phelan 2009a, p. 48), ntinye nke usoro okpukpu abụọ (Phelan 2009a, p. 49), na ndị ọzọ.

Yabụ, kedu ihe egosipụtara na nkwupụta APA, ma ọ bụrụ na i nyochara ya nke ọma? Nkwubi okwu izugbe bụ nkatọ ịgwọ ọrịa ọgwụgwọ abaghị uru ọ bụla. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na i lee anya na peeji ikpeazụ nke mmechi ahụ, ị ​​ga-ahụ eziokwu nke a manyere ndị dere akụkọ ahụ ka ha dee ya iji zere ịkpa arụ, mana ha etinyeghị eziokwu ndị a na nkwupụta ha na nkwupụta akụkọ.

"... Anyị chọpụtara na emebeghị nchọpụta nke ọma ma ọ bụ ụzọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ọgwụgwọ mmegwara. N'iburu oke mmachi nke nyocha usoro a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, anyị enweghị ike ikwubi ma ụdị ọgwụgwọ ịgbara ọhụụ ọhụụ dị irè ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ... ”(APA 2009, p. 43).

Kedu ihe ndị ọkachamara APA na-ekwu banyere ya? Eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha achọtaghị ihe àmà doro anya na ọgwụgwọ ịkwụghachi ụgwọ adịghị arụ ọrụ. Na ha enweghị data zuru oke iji wee mezuo nkwubi okwu a, n'agbanyeghị na ha mere ihe niile kwere omume iji belata, dịka o kwere mee n’ ókè nyocha sayensị siri dị, uru usoro ọmụmụ a na-adabaghị na nkọwa adịghị mma nke ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ.³. Na mmechi, n'ime eziokwu ndị edepụtara na otu akwụkwọ APA ahụ, enwere naanị ihe akaebe na ọgwụgwọ ịkwụghachi ụgwọ - nke ọdịmma n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ihe bụ isi bụ nke agụụ onye ọrịa ịgbanwe - dị irè. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri LGBT + - mmegharị na-anwa ijikọta mmasị nwoke na nwanyị na bayoloji na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-ekwu na ọ nweghị ike ịgbanwe, mana ọnọdụ a na-emegide nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ dị iche iche edepụtara na nkwupụta APA.

Tulee ihe e hotara site na akwukwo APA:

“… HE Adams na Sturgis (1977) nyochachara ihe ọmụmụ asaa ha wepụtara dị ka usoro eji achịkwa ma chọpụta na 34% nke mmadụ 179 nwere mbelata nke ndina ụdị onwe…. N'ime ihe ọmụmụ ha nkewapụtara dị ka usoro enweghị ike ịchịkwa usoro, ha chọpụtara na 50% nke mmadụ 124 belatara mmekọrịta nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke (p. 36)

- McConaghy (1976) chọpụtara na ihe dị ka ọkara ndị nwoke na-agbaso otu n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ anọ kọrọ banyere mmụba nke mmasị mmekọahụ na ụmụ nwoke mgbe ọnwa 6 gasịrị. Otutu ndi sonyere choputara mbelata inwe mmasi nke nwoke na nwoke mgbe emeriri ya (p. 3)

- McConaghy na Barr (1973) chọpụtara na ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị nwoke natara ọgwụgwọ kwuru na e belatara n'ụzọ ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke (p. 38).

- Tanner (1975) chọpụtara na n'ihi usoro ọgwụgwọ, ọkwa nke reflex nmere nwoke wedatara na mmeghachi omume na mkpali anya (p. 38).

- Birk na ndi otu ibe (1971) choputara na 62% nke umu nwoke mesoro gosiputara mbelata nke nmekorita nwoke na nwoke (p. 38).

- McConaghy na ndị ọrụ ibe ya (1981) kọrọ na 50% nke ndị na-aza ọgwụgwọ kwuru na belatara agụụ mmekọahụ mgbe 1 otu afọ (p. 38).

- Na omumu ihe ozo, HE Adams na Sturgis (1977) weputara na 68% nke ndi sonyere 47 nyere mkpesa mbelata na nmekorita nwoke na nwoke (p. 37).

- McConaghy (1976) chọpụtara na otu afọ mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, 25% nke ụmụ nwoke kwụsịrị mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị kpamkpam, na 50% nke ụmụ nwoke ugboro ole belatara, na 25% nọgidere bụrụ ndị na-agbanweghị agbanwe (p. 38).

- N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ, McConaghy na Barr (1973) kọrọ na 25% nke ndị nara ọgwụgwọ belatara mmekorita nwoke na nwoke mgbe 1 otu afọ (p. 38).

- Tanner (1975) kọrọ na mbelata dị ukwuu na njiko ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke n'ihi ọgwụgwọ (p. 38).

- Bancroft (1969) kwuru na 4 nke 10 mesoro ụmụ nwoke belatara mmekorita nwoke na nwoke n'oge mmemme. Freeman na Meyer (1975) kọrọ na 7 nke ụmụ nwoke 9 n'ọmụmụ ha kwụsịrị mmemme mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị 18 ọnwa mgbe ọgwụgwọ (p. 38).

- Dabere na mbipụta ndị ọzọ nwere usoro ọgwụgwọ na ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ, enwere mbelata ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke omume idina ụdị onwe na ndị na-agwọ ọrịa (Gray 1970; Huff 1970; B. James 1962, 1963; Kendrick & McCullough 1972; Larson 1970; LoPiccolo 1971; Segal & Sims 1972 ) (p. 39) ... "(APA 2009).

Yabụ, ọbụlagodi APA ekwughi n'okwu mmechi ya na ọgwụgwọ anaghị arụ ọrụ. Ikike zuru oke na 30 - 50% dị oke mkpa maka usoro nyocha ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na iwepu njirimara nke usoro dị ka “abaghị uru”.

Na mgbakwunye, NARTH bipụtara akụkọ nke ya n'afọ ahụ, Ihe Nnyocha Na-egosi: Nzaghachi NARTH na nkwupụta ndị American Psychological Association (APA) gbasara Mmekọahụ.Phelan 2009b) N'akụkọ a, a tụlere akwụkwọ dị n'ụdị nkọwa nke ọrịa site na omume, ọnwụnwa ndị a na-achịkwa na nlele na narị afọ gara aga.

N'ime mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Bekee 100 nke na-akọwa nsonaazụ ọma nke ọgwụgwọ ntụgharị uche ka egosiri na okpokoro dị n'okpuru.

Isi Iyi	Ofdị ọgwụgwọ	N'ihi
Carl Jung e hotara Fordham 1935	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma nke nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke
Gordon 1930	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ ọfụma maka onye na-edina ụdị onwe ya
Stekel 1930	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ ọfụma nke ndị ọrịa anọ na-edina ụdị onwe ha
Xixx xxxx	usoro hypnosis	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
London 1950	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke abụọ nwere mmasị nwoke
Allen 1952	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ nke nwoke idina ụdị onwe,  nwoke na nwanyi
Poe 1952	mmegharị ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma nke nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke
Caprio xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara otú ụmụ nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha si nwee ihe ịga nke ọma, "Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrịa nwanyị mụ na nwanyị nwere mmekọahụ gwara m ogologo oge mgbe ọgwụgwọ ... na ha agaghị alaghachi ụdị ndụ ahụ edina ụdị onwe»(P. 299)
Eliasberg 1954	otu ọgwụgwọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 12, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ọnọdụ 5 (42%)
Bergler 1956	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ ghaara nke oma banyere ndi oria nwoke na nwoke na nwanyi ndi 100, nke ndi 33% no na usoro ogwu
Eidelberg in Lox xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	ihe ịga nke ọma na ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 2 si 5 (40%)
Ellis 1956	ọrịa mmụọ	ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgwọ ndị ọrịa 40 (18) ♂, 12 ♀)
Berg 1958	ọrịa mmụọ	ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa Xnumx
Hadn xnumx	otu ọgwụgwọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 3, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 1 (33%)
Hadfield xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa Xnumx
Ross 1958	nchikota nke teknụzụ	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
Robertiello 1959	ọrịa mmụọ	ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ nke nwoke idina ụdị onwe
Ellis 1959	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma nke nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke
Monroe 1960	psychodynamic therapy na free mkpakọrịta usoro	ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke idina nwoke xnumx
Finn xnumx	nchikota nke teknụzụ	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
Glover 1960	ọrịa mmụọ na 7 ikpe ọgwụgwọ hormone	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 113, ihe ịga nke ọma a rụzuru na 44%
Beukenkamp xnumx	onye na otu psychodynamic ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma nke nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke
Stevenson xnumx	kwenye ọzụzụ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ ọfụma nke ụmụ nwoke nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị xnumx
Bieber xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 106, ihe ịga nke ọma a rụzuru na 27%
Xates 1962	ọrịa mmụọ	akọwaputara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 45; mmelite (ịkwụsị omume nwoke idina nwoke) nwetara na ikpe 7 (16%)
Ovesey 1963	ọrịa mmụọ	akọwaputara ọgwụgwọ oma nke umunwoke ndi nwoke
Buki xnumx	Nchikota site n’aka ndi dibia	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
Cappon 1965	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 150, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 30% nke ụmụ nwoke, 50% nke ụmụ nwanyị, na n'etiti ndị ọrịa bisexual - 90%
Mayerson na Marmor xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 19, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 47% nke ikpe
Mintz xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 10, amapụtara ihe ịga nke ọma na 3 (30%)
Mather xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ na usoro aversive	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 36, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 25 (69%)
Hadn xnumx	otu ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 32, ihe ịga nke ọma a rụzuru na 38%
Kaye xnumx, p. 633	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke umu nwanyi nwanyi nmekorita nke 15, enwere ihe ịga nke oma na 8 (55%)
Alexander 1967	usoro hypnosis	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
Roper xnumx	usoro hypnosis	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
MacCulloch 1967	ọgwụgwọ aversive	ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgwọ ụmụ nwoke idina ụdị onwe xnumx
Kraft xnumx	psychodynamic therapy na sistem elektrik	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Serban 1968	omume ọgwụgwọ	kowara oganihu na ndi oria nwoke idina nwoke Xnumx
Miller 1968	nchikota nke teknụzụ	kwuru ịdị irè nke omume dabere na omume
Ramsay xnumx	Usoro desensitization	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Freud 1968, p. 251	ọrịa mmụọ	ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgwọ ndị ọrịa 2 site na 4 (50%)
Jacobi 1969	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 60, amapụtara ihe ịga nke ọma na 6 (10%)
1969 chọrọ	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma n’imeso ndị ọrịa idina ụdị onwe 60%
McConaghy 1969	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Lamberd 1969	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara oganihu na ndi oria nwoke idina nwoke Xnumx
Bergin 1969	Usoro desensitization	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Ovesey 1969	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ụmụ nwoke nwoke Xnumx nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke
Wallace xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Larson xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara arụmọrụ nke usoro ahụ dịka omume ha siri dị, mana enyeghị ọnụọgụgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ
Birk xnumx, p. 37	otu ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 26, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 9 (35%)
Huff xnumx	Usoro desensitization	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Bancroft na Ọkụ xnumx	deszọ nchegharị	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 15, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 5 (33%)
Kraft xnumx	psychodynamic therapy na sistem elektrik	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
McConaghy 1970	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Mandel xnumx	Usoro desensitization	kọwara ụzọ dị irè otu esi arụ ọrụ
Hatterer xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 149, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 49 (34%)
Cautela 1971	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na 37% nke ikpe
Bieber na Kaplan 1971	otu ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na 40% nke ikpe
Truax 1971	otu ọgwụgwọ	kwuru na ụzọ dị irè nke usoro a si jiri otu na-achịkwa
Hadn xnumx	otu ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na 30% nke ikpe
Birk xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na xnumx%
Pittman xnumx	otu ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 6, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 2 (33%)
Feldman xnumx, p. 156	omume ọgwụgwọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 63, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 29% nke ikpe
Van den Aardweg 1971	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 20, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 9 (42%)
Shealy xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Kendrick xnumx	Usoro desensitization	kọwara ụzọ dị irè otu esi arụ ọrụ
S ikpe 1972	Usoro desensitization	kọwara ụzọ dị irè otu esi arụ ọrụ
McConaghy 1972	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Barlow xnumx	ọgwụgwọ omume, ọgwụ implosive	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na xnumx%
McConaghy 1973	mgbanwe teknụzụ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na xnumx%
Maletzky 1973	omume ọgwụgwọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 10, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 90% nke ikpe
Herman 1974	usoro nka	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 3, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 33% nke ikpe
Birk xnumx, p. 41	otu ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 66, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 52% nke ikpe
Bancroft xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na xnumx%
Cantón-Dutari 1974	Usoro desensitization, ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 54, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ikpe 48 (89%)
Orwin 1974	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Tanner xnumx	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kowara ịdị mma nke usoro ahụ n’ime ụmụ nwoke 8 nwoke
Freeman xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma na xnumx%
McConaghy 1975	ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Cantón-Dutari 1976	Usoro desensitization, ọgwụgwọ aversive	kọwara ọgwụgwọ zuru oke na 11 nke ikpe 22 nke ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe (50%)
Callahan na Krumboltz 1976	Usoro desensitization	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Phillips 1976	usoro sistemụ desensitization	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Socarides 1978, p. 406	ọrịa mmụọ	kọwara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa 44, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na 20 (45%)
James 1978	usoro sistemụ desensitization	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Bieber xnumx, p. Xnumx	ọrịa mmụọ	akọwapụtara ọgwụgwọ maka ndị ọrịa okike karịrị 1000; ọgwụgwọ na-aga nke ọma sitere na 30% rue 50%
Birk n'ime Marmor xnumx	otu ọgwụgwọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 14, enwere ihe ịga nke ọma na ọnọdụ 10 (71%)
Pradhan xnumx	omume ọgwụgwọ	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke 13, arụmọrụ hụrụ na 8 (61%)
Cafiso 1983	usoro hypnosis	kọwara nwoke ịga nwoke ọlụlụ
Van den Aardweg 1986a; 1986b	cognitive therapy	kowara ọgwụgwọ nke onye ọrịa 101, achọpụtara ihe ịga nke ọma na 30%, ndozi - na 60%
Siegel 1988	ọrịa mmụọ	akọwaputara ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ nwanyị idina nwanyị 12, achọpụtara ihe ịga nke ọma na 50%
Berger 1994, p. 255	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara oganihu na ndi oria nwoke idina nwoke Xnumx
Consiglio 1993	nlekọta anụ ụlọ	kọwara ntụgharị zuru oke na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na-aga na 85%
MacIntosh 1994	ọrịa mmụọ	nyocha nke ikpe ọgwụgwọ 1215 maka ndị ọrịa na-edina ụdị onwe ha, a hụrụ ihe ịga nke ọma na 23%, yana na 84% mmetụta dị mma nke ọgwụgwọ
Schaeffer xnumx	nlekọta anụ ụlọ	kowara na ndi otu ndi soro na ndi 140, na 29% amaara ihe zuru oke na nmekorita nwoke na nwanyi
Nicolosi 2000	ọgwụgwọ psychodynamic, nlekọta anụ ụlọ, ọzụzụ	kowara na otu ndi otu ndi oria 882 (ndi nwoke 689 na ndi umu nwanyi nke 193) na 34,3% nke okwu ngbanwe zuru oke rue ihe puru iche ma obu ihe ana-akpachapuru anya gbasara mmekorita nwoke na nwanyi. Tupu usoro ọgwụgwọ, 67% gosipụtara na mmasị nwoke idina ụdị onwe kpamkpam; mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, 12,8%.
Shidlo 2002	ọrịa mmụọ	ndị edemede ebido ebumnuche ọmụmụ a iji chọpụta mmerụ ahụ nke usoro ịkwụghachi ụgwọ. Iji maa atụ, etinye mgbasa ozi ịchọtara ndị otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị edina ụdị onwe ha n'okpuru isiokwu “Nyere Anyị Aka! " Ndị odeakwụkwọ ahụ kọwara otu ndị ọrịa 202 (ụmụ nwoke 182 na ụmụ nwanyị 20), nke 12,9% tụlere ntụgharị na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị nwoke na-aga nke ọma.
Spitzer 2003	ọgwụgwọ psychodynamic, nlekọta anụ ụlọ	nyochara otu ndị ọrịa 200 (ụmụ nwoke 143 na ụmụ nwanyị 57) bụ ndị mere ọgwụgwọ mmegwara ma chee na nsonaazụ ya ga-aga nke ọma. Ndị niile zara ajụjụ kwuru na ọnụnọ nwoke na nwoke nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, na 17% nke ụmụ nwoke na 54% nke ụmụ nwanyị mma a dọpụrụ iche. Tupu usoro ọgwụgwọ 46,% nke ụmụ nwoke na 42% nke ụmụ nwanyị gosipụtara na nwanyị nwere mmasị nwoke na nwanyị nanị, mgbe ọ gbasasịrị - 0%.
Karten 2006, ekwughi n'akwụkwọ nke nyocharo ndị ọgbọ	ọrịa mmụọ	nyochara otu ụmụ nwoke 117 na-anara ọgwụgwọ mmegwara. Egotara mbelata di ukwuu na nmekorita nwoke na nwoke site na 4,81 rue 2,57 na onodu Kinsey
Cummings 2007, ekwughi n'akwụkwọ nke nyocharo ndị ọgbọ	ọrịa mmụọ	na-ekwu okwu na ogbako ahụ NARTH kowara na 2005 na 1959 - 1979 Ndi nwoke na nwoke nke 18000 chigharịkwuuru ulo ogwu ya nwere nsogbu di iche iche, nke ihe dika 1 600 bu n’obi igbanwe nmekorita nwoke na nwanyi. N'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ, ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa nwere mgbanwe dị mma na psyche, n'ihi nke 2400 n'ime ha ghọrọ nwoke na nwanyị.
Jones 2007	nlekọta anụ ụlọ	kọwara na n'ime otu ndị sonyere 73 na 15% mbelata nke ukwuu n'ihe ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke nwere mmụba dị ukwuu na mbanye nwoke na nwoke
Phelan 2017	ọrịa mmụọ	kowara otutu ndi nwoke ndi 30, n’ime otu afọ agachara ọgwụgwọ, egosiri na: mmasii nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na - abụkarị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị - 23% (0% tupu ọgwụgwọ), ọkachasị ndị nwoke na nwanyị - 17% (0% tupu ọgwụgwọ), nke emesịa ogo nke nwoke na nwanyị - 10% (0% tupu ọgwụgwọ).

Na ichikota ihe akaebe di rue oge a, anyi puru ikwu na, ihe dika uzo ato ndi mmadu na etinye aka na psychodynamic reparative therapy na-akpochapu nmekorita nwoke na nwoke na nmekorita nke nwoke na ibe ya, ihe nke ato - mgbanwe di elu n’ebe udiri nwoke na ndi nwoke na nmekorita ya na odi mma banyere mmadu. na-elekọta mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ, na nke atọ na-akọ na-enweghị nsonaazụ. Ihe kachasị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume na-aga nke ọma bụ agụụ nke onye ọrịa, ịmara ihe kpatara ọ dọtara ya na nwoke na nwanyị na mkpa mmetụta uche.

Lọ ọrụ ahụike dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na-emegide usoro ọgwụgwọ nke mmasị nwoke na nwanyị na-achọghị ya na-ekwu na ọ "nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-emerụ ahụ" bụ, n'ezie, na-aghọgbu ọha na eze site n'ịkọwa na: 

(1) All Ọrụ psychiatric maka nsogbu niile na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nwere ike imerụ ahụ; 
(2) Sayensi na-ahụ maka ọrụ egosighi egosighi ihe mmerụ ahụ dị na ọgwụgwọ nke ịchụkọta nwoke na nwanyị na-achọghị ka nwanyị, otu, ma ọ bụ obere ihe ọghọm nke psychotherapy ndị ọzọ. (Sutton 2015

Nnyocha gosina ihe dị ka 5 - 10% nke ndị ọrịa na-anara ọgwụgwọ psychotherapeutic nwere ike ịnwe “mmetụta na-adịghị mma” - ya bụ, na-akawanye njọ n'ọnọdụ ha. Ihe dị iche iche na-agwọ ọrịa gụnyere ịdị ala nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ntachi obi dị ala maka nchegbu, mkpali dị ala, wdg.

Mmekọahụ na-akpali mgbanwe na ịdị mma na ụmụ nwoke

Olee otú ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị LGBT si ghọgbuo nkwubi okwu nke nyocha banyere ọgwụgwọ nrụzi

Mwepụ ozugbo nke mmasị nwoke idina nwoke

Laa azụ na 1916 afọ, Freud na edemede ya "Leonardo da Vinci: Ọmụmụ gbasara mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị nke Infantile Reminiscence" kwuru:

"... Site na ilele okwu dị iche iche, anyị mere ka anyị gosipụta na nwoke nke yiri ka ọ zara nwoke ma ọ bụ nwoke ike na-emeghachi omume na - akpali ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka onye ọ bụla nkịtị, mana oge ọ bụla o kwupụtara obi ụtọ ya n'ihe nwoke ..." (Freud 1916, III: 14).

A na-akwado nchọpụta a site na nyocha ọgbara ọhụrụ (Ọnọdụ 1980, Tolman & Diamond 2014)

N'afọ 1992, Shechter kọwara ikpe nke ntụgharị sitere na mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị na nwoke na nwanyị nwoke na nwanyị ga - eso usoro ọgwụgwọ psychoanalytic, mana ọ bụghị n'ihe metụtara NGV, mana maka ebumnuche ọzọ (Shechter 1992) Nwoke ahụ kwụsịrị iso nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ibe ya kwụsị, ya na nwoke idina nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ibe ya, ọ malitere inwe mmekọahụ na ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe o bidoghi iso nwanyi nwee mmekorita nwoke, o kowara onodu ya site n'okwu a:

“… Apụghị m ịhapụ ya, ọ hụkwara ya n'anya! ... Onye ọ bụla, dị ka m, ọ ga-abụ nwoke na nwanyị na mberede? ... "(Shechter 1992, p. 200).

Ndị ọrụ nyocha Michael na ndị ọrụ ibe n'ime afọ 1994, dabere na nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke nnukwu ọmụmụ, chọpụtara na n'ime ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, mmasị nwoke idina nwoke nwere ike, n'eziokwu, na-ejighị ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi ahụ, ghọọ onye na-edina ụdị onwe (Michael 1994).

Onye nyocha nke akparamaagwa nke afọ, onye so na kọmiti ọkachamara na APA, Prọfesọ Lisa Diamond, onye na-anaghị ezochi mmasị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, chịkọtara nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ afọ nke ọrụ ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ New Scientist:

"Mmekọahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe ... anyị ga-anakwere eziokwu ahụ na mmekọahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe" (Grossman xnumx)

N’otu edemede dị na Journal of Sex Research, Diamond chịkọtara nyocha sayensị, na nke 26 - 45% nke ụmụ nwoke na 46 - 64% nke ụmụ nwanyị na-akọ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe na mmekọahụ n’ime oge (site na 3 ruo 10 afọ), nke kacha nke na-akọ banyere mgbanwe, kọọ mgbanwe gosipụtara na nwoke. (Diamond 2016).

O kwesiri iburu n’uche na nkwupụta nke ndị na-agbasa echiche nke LGBT, ọdịdị nke agụụ mmekọahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe ma nwoke ma nwoke na nwanyị n’emekorita nwoke. Ọnọdụ nke nwoke na nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe ha n'ihi oke arụ omume rụrụ arụ na mmekọahụ na nkịtị mmekọahụ (Krafft-Ebing 1909) na nnabata nwoke na nwoke ma obu nwanyị na nwanyi inoghi anya, n'ihi nduhie (Meijer 1993) Ebumnuche ebumnuche ebumnuche na-egosi n’ụzọ doro anya na anụ ahụ nke ihe niile dị ndụ dị na nwoke na nwanyị bụ maka mmekọrịta nwoke na nwoke. Ka o sina dị, ụfọdụ anụmanụ dị elu, nke gụnyere ụmụ mmadụ, nwere ikike ịme mmekọahụ na ọnọdụ ụfọdụ gafere ụkpụrụ arụmọrụ ebumpụta ụwa, ọ bụghị naanị na nwoke na nwanyị, kamakwa n'ihe metụtara mmekọahụ ọ bụla. Ihe omumu emere gosiri na udiri aghugho nke onye ahu na –eme ka mmadu mata ihe banyere ya na nmekorita nke nwoke.Ego & Tucker 1975, Ọnọdụ 1980)

Ka osi di, ihe omumu emere gosiri na mmasi nwoke na nwoke nwere ike guzosie ike karia 25 oge karia nwoke idina nwoke. Ndị ọrụ nyocha Savin-Williams na Ream duziri ihe nlere anya ogologo oge nke ndị na-eto eto site na afọ 17 wee nyochaa etu njiri mara mmepe mmepe si gbanwe. Ha chọpụtara na na 75% ndị ntorobịa gosipụtara mmasị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke nke ogo ọ bụla n'afọ 17-21, emesịrị, ọpụrụiche nwoke na nwanyị na-edina nwoke, ebe 98% ndị ntorobịa na-egosi mmasị nwoke nwere mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị nọ na ọdịnihu (Savin-Williams 2007).

Whitehead na Whitehead's (2007) mezuru nyocha zuru ezu banyere ọmụmụ nke Savin-Williams na Ream (2007), Michael na ndị ọrụ ibe (1994), na ndị ọzọ, wee kwubie na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mmasị nwoke idina nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ya na-enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla (Whitehead 2007)

N'ime ọmụmụ nke Ott na ndị ọrụ ibe (2011) n'ihi nyocha nke otu ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma nke 13 840, achọpụtara na 66% nke ndị na-ekwu na "ejighị n'aka" maka mmasị mmekọahụ ha na-emesokarị na-edina ụdị onwe ha (Ott xnumx).

Ọzọkwa, nyocha nke ikpe nke mgbanwe sitere na nwanyị idina ụdị onwe gaa na mmekorita nwoke na nwanyị, nke dị na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ka emere ya na 2007 na Sorba (Sorba xnumx, peeji nke 61 - 73).

Treatgwọ ndị ọkachamara na akụkọ banyere ọgwụgwọ ọfụma maka NGV

1956 bụ onye isi mmụọ ama ama nke oge ya Edmund Bergler dere ihe ndị a:

"10 afọ gara aga, ihe kachasị mma sayensị nwere ike ịnye bụ ime ka nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị nwee mmekọrịta ya na" akara aka ya ", yabụ, iwepu mmetụta nke ikpe ọmụma. Ahụmahụ psychiatric ọhụụ na nyocha egosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na ebumnuche a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nke ndị na-edina ụdị onwe (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị adị na ndụ na ọnọdụ mmiri ọgwụ) bụ n'ezie nkewa nke mgbanwe nke ọgwụgwọ nke neurosis. The pessimism ọgwụgwọ nke oge gara aga ji nke nta nke nta na-apụ n'anya: taa psychoanalytic psychotherapy nwere ike ịgwọ nwoke idina nwoke ”... Anyị nwere ike ịgwọ onye ọ bụla idina ụdị onwe? - Mba. Ihe ndi choro choro di nkpa, na nke kachasi, ochicho nke nwoke idina nwoke ka o gbanwee ...

Ke akpa ileba anya, a na-agwakọta nsogbu a nke inwe mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na nzuzo, nke na-apụtakarị onwe ya na mpụga mmekọahụ, ebe ọ bụ ihe niile gbasara mmadụ. Ezigbo onye iro nke nwoke idina nwoke abụghị omume ya, kama amaghị ama ya na enwere ike inyere ya aka, gbakwunyere uchechism nke uche ya, nke na - eme ya zere ọgwụgwọ. Ndị ndu idina ụdị onwe na-akwado nzuzu a "Bergler 1956).

Prọfesọ psychiatry Nikolai Vladimirovich Ivanov (1907 - 1976), otu n'ime ndị guzobere Russian sexopathology, mere ka amata ihe atọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ ọma nke mmuta nwoke na nwoke: (1) omume onye ọrịa - ọ na-emegide ihe dọtara ya, ọ na-enye ya nsogbu site na ndọta ọ dọtara ya, ọ ma na ya erughị eru, Ọ na-atụ anya nsonaazụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma a bụrụ na a ga-ahapụrịrị mmasi? (2) ọnụnọ onye ọrịa nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke - N. V. Ivanov lere ọnọdụ a anya dị ka mkpebi siri ike. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ bụ nwa nwoke ma ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ, na mmasị nwoke idina nwoke ka bụ nrọ na ọbụbụenyi dị nro - a chọrọ usoro ọgwụgwọ mmụọ ngwa ngwa, nke ga-abụ ezigbo nkwa, na-eduga n'ịhazigharị ezumike zuru oke na ntụgharị uche nke nwoke; (3) ìgwè nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị n’ime na mpụga na-emetụta onye ọrịa - ịmara onye ọrịa banyere oge mbibi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, inwe mmetụta mmekọahụ siri ike na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla tupu nwoke na nwanyị amalite tupu mmalite ntozu nwanyị, yabụ na idozi ya na mmekọahụ); oke nsogbu nke mmadụ bi na mmekọ nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwee mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, ọnụnọ nke nwoke na nwanyị na-edina ụdị onwe, wdg (Ivanov 1966, p. 134).

Prọfesọ Ivanov lere "usoro iwu" ma ọ bụ mmekpa ahụ omume dị ka ihe na-egbochi ọgwụgwọ ịgwọ ọrịa (mana ebe a, dịka onye isi mmụọ, ọ dịghị mkpa ịjụ ọgwụgwọ); Olile anya maka “ogwu” (maka oru ebube); mgbagha nke onye ọrịa (ya bụ, n'eziokwu, adịghị njikere ịgbanwe).

N'okwu ndị a nile, Ivanov ga-atụ aro ka onye ọrịa ahụ mee nke ọma “na-ajụ ọgwụgwọ n'ihu ọha, na-ekwupụta na ọ nweghị mkpa nke ime ka ọ dị iche, na-atụ aro ka onye ọrịa ahụ laghachi na dọkịta mgbe ndụ n'onwe ya na-eji nwayọọ na-agbagha ajụjụ na-egbu mgbu nke na-agaghị ekwe omume n'ihu. ịdị ndu oke arụ, mgbe ya na mmadụ niile ọ chọrọ iwepụ ọrịa ya ”(Ivanov 1966, p. 134).

Nwa akwukwo nke Ivanov, Dr. Yan Genrikhovich Goland, tinye echiche nke onye nkuzi ahụ n'ọrụ maka mmepe usoro dị mma a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ịdọta mmasị nwoke na nwoke, nke ọ nọ na-eji nke ọma ruo taa. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ mejupụtara nzọụkwụ atọ:
1) ihe okike nke nmekorita nke uche nke nmekorita nke mmadu na emewanye ka ndi mmadu ghara imeghari agwa nwoke;
2) nguzobe nwanyi jiri choo ya nma.
3) mmekọrịta chiri anya na nwanyị, njikọta nke usoro ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị.
Goland na-anabata ọgwụgwọ naanị ndị ahụ edina ụdị onwe ahụ bụ ndị gosipụtara ezi obi iji kpochapụ mmasị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, na agwa banyere ihe ịga nke ọma ọgwụgwọ na-eru nso 100%.

Onye nyocha America bụ Jeffrey Satinover kwenyere na data ndị a, dị ka nke a si dị, n'ime ìgwè a họọrọ nke ọma na-ahọrọ, ọkwa nke ịmeghachi mmeghachi omume dị nso na 100%, ebe ọ bụ na ntinye aka ike, nsonaazụ na-aga nke ọma bụ ihe dị ka 50% (Satinover xnumx, p. 51).

Onye dibia asusu America Joseph Nicolosi (1947 - 2017) mepụtara ụzọ dị mma nke ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume, dabere n'echiche ahụ bụ na ọ bụrụ na nwoke na nwanyị nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị bụ nsonazụ nke ihe akpọrọ 'enweghị njirimara nwoke na nwanyị' site na mwepu nke nwoke na nwanyị, enweghị nkwado sitere na nne na nna na ndị ọgbọ n’ịzụlite njirimara nwoke na nwanyị, yana nkwalite dị omimi nke inwe mmekọahụ. site na ndi otu (Nicolosi 1991, 1993, 2009) Nicolosi depụtakwala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ sayensị na akwụkwọ ndị eji enyocha ya.⁴.

Eleman Lorenzo Rego na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na Spen⁵ n’enyemaka nke ọma n’etiti ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe ha na-achọ enyemaka. N'omume ya, enwere ọtụtụ ikpe nke mwepu nke nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị, na ntughari na mmekorita nwoke na nwoke na nwanyi.Portaluz 2014).

Otu n’ime ndị ọkachamara a ma ama na-asụ Russian na ọgwụgwọ NGV na Eastern Europe bụ onye isi mgbaka Kiev na ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị Prọfesọ Garnik Surenovich Kocharyan.

N'afọ ndị gafeworonu, ekpughere mkpughe nke ọtụtụ mmadụ ndị hapụrụla etu ha si ebi ndu ma nwekwaa mmekọ nwoke na nwoke. Iji maa atụ, W. Aaron dere n’edemede onwe ya:

"... Ruo afọ 20, abụ m nwoke idina ụdị onwe (...) taa, ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị (...) m na - ebi ndụ nke nwoke na nwoke ma nwee obi ụtọ ..." (Aaron 1972, p. 14).

A gosiputara ụfọdụ ihe atụ ndị ọzọ na ọrụ ahụ. Rekers (1995), Worthen (1984), Konrad (1987), Comiskey (1988), Judkins (1993). Breedlove (1994), Ike (1994), Davies (1993), Goldberg (2008), Pabon (2015), Baley (xnumx), Glatze (2007). Banyere ihe atụ gbasara omumu nke 100 nke agwago nwoke na nwoke na ibe ya n’akwụkwọ a kpọrọ Voices of Hope: Saintbọchị Ikpeazụ a na ntụnyere nke nwoke na nwanyị - An Anthology of the Ozizi Ozizi na Anya n’onwe (2011) (Mansfield xnumx).

Achịkọtara ihe ngosi dị ukwuu na mkpughe na saịtị nke obodo jikọtara ndị mmadụ nke nwere ike iwepụ mmasị nwoke na nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, dịka ọmụmaatụ, “Gbanwere»,«Olu mgbanwe»,«Olu Olile Anya"Na"Olu nke ndi enweghi olu".

Echiche aboutgha gbasara Ahụike Aversive

Na "LGBT +" - okwu maka iji kọwaa ọgwụgwọ mmegharị, echiche ụgha bụ na, na mbụ, rue mgbe ndị 1970, a na-emeso ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha nanị site na ịgafe ụbụrụ eletrik site na ụbụrụ, na-enwe ebe a ma ama. You nwere ike ịnụ ụda na ọmịiko nke ebumnuche iji kpalite obi ọmịiko n'etiti ndị amaghị nke a na - akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, dịka tupu a tụba ndị nwere agụụ mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị ike ihe karịrị oche oche.

Nke a bụ ụgha. Emebere ya itu egwu na iwetulata nwoke na nwoke n’emekorita nwoke na nwoke na-acho uzo ha si kpochapu NGV. Akụkọ dị n'elu (Phelan 2009b) na-egosi n’ụzọ doro anya na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmasị iwepu NVH rụzuru ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha n’emeghị “ụbụrụ eletrik ugbu a site na ụbụrụ”. Na 1970, nke a bụ ama ama sayensị, nke ndị mgbasa akụkọ etiti dere dere banyere ya.

Iji maa atụ, otu edemede dị n’akwụkwọ akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times nke afọ 1971 isiokwu ya bụ "More ụmụ nwoke idina ụdị onwe ha nyere aka wee bụrụ onye na-edina ụdị onwe ha" na-ekwu maka ụzọ dị iche iche nke ọgwụgwọ - psychodynamics, ọgwụ otu, jikọtara ọnụ, wdg:

“… N’ịgbaso ụzọ dị iche iche nke ndị na-agwọ ọrịa uche, ndị na-agwọ ọrịa achọpụtawo na ndị na-eto eto ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha bụ́ ndị kpebisiri ike ịgbanwe otú ha si enwe mmekọahụ nwere ohere magburu onwe ya nke inwe ihe ịga nke ọma. Nke ọzọ (…) [Dr. Lawrence] Hatterer na-anwa inyere ndị ọrịa ya aka ịghọta mmalite nke omume idina ụdị onwe ha site n'inyocha mmekọrịta ezinụlọ na ahụmahụ ụmụaka. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-anwa ịgbanwe omume idina ụdị onwe site na isoro ndị ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ iji chọpụta ma zere akụkụ nke ndụ na-akpalite omume mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, ma jiri ihe mkpali na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị dochie ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike na-atụ aro na onye ọrịa ahụ ịghara ịga ụlọ mmanya nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke ma gaa n'ụlọ mmanya mgbe niile, ma ọ bụ dochie ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwoke na ihe oyiyi ụmụ nwanyị.

Dọkịta ahụ kwuru na otu onye ọrịa 30 dị afọ mere nyocha zuru oke nke heterosexual n'ime ọnwa atọ nke ọgwụgwọ. Otu nwoke na-enwebeghị ahụkarị ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke malitere iji gwọọ ọrịa, na-achọ igbu onwe ya, kewapụrụ nwoke ya na ya biri afọ abụọ. "Mgbe ọ fọrọ naanị nkeji itoolu nke 45 na 27 na-ege ntị na ndekọ ahụ, nwoke ahụ sooro onye ọ na-aga ịlụ na-enwe mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na-aga nke ọma ọtụtụ ugboro n'izu," ka Dr. Hatterer kwuru.

Akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ bụ ịgwa onye ọrịa na enwere ohere iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ nyere nsogbu ya aka.

Na Institute nke Behavioral Therapy na Mahadum Temple, Dr. Joseph Walp na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-anwa ịgwọ ndị idina ụdị onwe nanị site na iji ụzọ omume ha gbanwee mmeghachi omume ha.

Mwakpo ha nwere n'ụzọ atọ "na - emetụta ụjọ ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke na mmekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị, mmasị ha nwere n'ebe ụmụ nwoke nọ, na ụjọ ha na - atụkarị gbasara mmadụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wepụ ụjọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị, onye ọrịa na-abanye n'ọnọdụ izu ike miri emi wee webata ụmụ nwanyị. Iji kpochapu agụụ mmekọahụ ha nwere n'ebe ụmụ nwoke nọ, ndị ọrịa na-enwekwa nrụgide "ntụgharị" dị otú ahụ dị ka ọkụ ọkụ eletrik mgbe ha na-egosipụta ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwoke gba ọtọ ... "(Xnumx anwuru).

Yabụ, lee ya - a bụ maka ebe batrị dị ugbu a! Gịnị n'ezie mere?

N'ime ọgwụ, enwere usoro ọgwụgwọ a n'ezie dị ka ịgafe eletriki eletrik site na ụbụrụ onye ọrịa maka 0.1 ruo 1 sekọnd - a na-akpọ ya ọgwụ electroconvulsive (ECT). A tụpụtara usoro a na 1938 maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa schizophrenic siri ike (Wilson 2017) A ka eji ECT eme ihe taa iji gwọọ ọrịa ọrịa uche dị iche iche ebe ụdị ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ enweghị mmetụta ọchọrọ. Dịka e kwuru na ntụle na akwụkwọ nyocha ndị ọgbọ nyocha Clinical Psychopharmacology na Neuroscience:

“… Usoro ọgwụgwọ Electroconvulsive bụ usoro anwalere oge iji gwọọ ọrịa dị iche iche. N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ, usoro ECT anatawo ọtụtụ ndozi. N'agbanyeghị otutu nkatọ, a ka na-ejikarị ECT eme ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ ... "(Singh na Kumar Kann 2017).

Ugbu a, ihe dị ka nde ndị ọrịa 1 otu afọ na-eji ọgwụgwọ electroconvulsive agwọ ọrịa ọrịa psychiatric na ọrịa akwara, na-abụkarị nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi, catatonia na ọrịa manic. Dị ka BBC Psychology dere,

"... Usoro ọgwụgwọ Electroconvulsive na-enyere ndị ọrịa aka na 80% nke ikpe - mana ihere metụtara usoro a na-egosi na ECT anaghị enyere ndị niile ọ nwere ike inyere aka aka ..." (Riley 2018)

N'ezie, enwere arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ banyere ịdị irè, nchekwa na ụkpụrụ nke ECT. Mana ha abaghị uru n'okwu ahụ - Ekwesighi iji ECT eme ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara na ọgwụgwọ nwoke idina nwoke.

Ihe onyonyo jọgburu onwe ya nke mkpagbu nke ndị mmadụ na-eti ihe mpụ eletriki na ntụnyere ihu omume nke Jack Nicholson site na ihe nkiri "Flight over the Cuckoo's Nest" nke afọ 1975, nke juputara na ego nke "LGBT +" - mmegharị na isiokwu ọgwụgwọ - enweghị ihe gbasara ya.

Ihe ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ahụ akọwara n'isiokwu a dị n'elu na New York Times metụtara usoro ọgwụgwọ aversive. Ọgwụ mgbochi abụghị ọgwụ electroconvulsive. N'iji usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-agafe agafe, ikuku eletrik adịghị agafere ụbụrụ onye ọrịa.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ Aversive, nke dabere n'ụkpụrụ oge ochie Pavlov, na-arụ ọrụ na mwepu nke mkpesa nke mkpali na-achọghị na ọkwa nke mgbanwe ahụ. Ejiri ụzọ a mee ihe n’onwe gị iji tufuo ihe riri ahụ, phobias, ime ihe ike, nsogbu mmekọahụ na ọbụna spasms (McGuire na Vallance 1964) A na-enweta nke a site na ijikọ mmụọ iwe a na-achọghị (sịga, echiche mmekọahụ, ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, wdg) na mmetụ ahụ na-adịghị mma (mgbu, ọgbụgbọ, ụjọ, wdg). A na-emepụta eletriki eletriki site na ngwa nke na-arụ ọrụ na batrị 9-volt, ebe onye ọrịa n'onwe ya setịpụrụ ọkwa nhapụ nke ga-anabata ya, nke a na-ebunye ya site na akwa nri na mpaghara biceps ma ọ bụ ala ụkwụ ụkwụ (n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla na mpaghara akụkụ ahụ).

Ọ bụ usoro a nke ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ na-eji nkwenye nke ndị ọrịa iwepụ HBV. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 70, usoro ọgwụgwọ emetụtala ewu ewu, a na-erekwa egbe egbe aghara aghara ọbụna maka iji n'ụlọ.

N’ebe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, a naghị eji ọgwụgwọ aversive na eletrik eletrik taa na ọgwụgwọ nke NGV n’ihi ọtụtụ ọghọm ndị metụtara nsonaazụ nke nsonaazụ ahụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ Aversive na-ezo aka na ọgwụgwọ omume, nke, dị ka aha ya pụtara, na-emetụta naanị omume - i.e. ihe mgbaàmà nke mpụga nke nsogbu ahụ. N’idozi nsogbu ndị dabere n’ihe metụtara mmụọ (dịka nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke), arụmọrụ ya adịghi ka ọ ga-adịte aka, ebe ọrụ abụghị ebumnuche iji kpochapụ ihe na - akpata ya, kama ọ na - egbochi ihe ngosipụta ya. Mmegharị ahụ nwere afọ ojuju na-ebilite n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ma pụọ ​​n'anya ya. Yabụ, iji nọgide na-enwe oge nkwụghachi azụ n'ọnọdụ otu mkpali, ịkwado nke mbụ dị mkpa. Na-enweghị mgbakwunye usoro, mkpochapu nke mgbanwe ọnọdụ ahụ ga-abụ amụma. Ya mere, omumu ihe omumu nke 1968 nke afo gosiputara na site na ntughari nke omume ndi mmadu na nmekorita nwoke na nwanyi, oganihu emere na 23 nke ikpe 40 (57%), ma mgbe ịlele otu afọ ka emechara, ọ tụgharịrị na echekwara ihe ịga nke ọma naanị na ikpe 6 (15%) (Bancroft na Marks 1968) Okwa mmawanye nke ndi na - emeghari ihe, ndi na - acho ihe ndi ozo, na ndi sadomasochist di elu, ihe ha rụputara adabaghi ​​nke ndi nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke, na ndi di nfe kari ndi transgender. Maka ntụle, ndị ọrịa mechara usoro ọgwụgwọ pshododynamic nọgidere bụrụ nwoke naanị nwoke na nwanyị mgbe afọ iri abụọ gachara (Bieber na Bieber 1979, p. 416).

Usoro ọgwụgwọ Aversive bụ akụkụ nke ụkpụrụ ọgwụgwọ Federal wee jiri ya na-agwọ ọtụtụ nsogbu. Ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na iji ọgwụgwọ aversive mee omume ma mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna dị mkpa, mana iji rụpụta nsonaazụ kacha mma ma kwụsie ike, ọ dị mma ka ejiri ya na usoro psychotherapeutic ndị ọzọ.

Ọ kwesiri iburu n'uche na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nke “LGBT +, na-achọ ka a machibido ya n'ụzọ ọ bụla iji gwọta ụdị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke achọghị, na-ezo aka na" oke egwu na mmekpa ahụ "nke ndị mmadụ kwuru na ha na-enweta ụdị ọgwụgwọ ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge a na-ege ntị na mmachibido iwu ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume n'ụlọ ikpe US na 2013, a nụrụ ihe akaebe nke Briel Goldani (nwoke nke nyochara usoro ọgwụgwọ na usoro iwu maka ịgbanwere nwanyị). Dabere na akaebe ndị a, mgbe afọ 13 (afọ 1997), nne na nna ya zigara ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ "Christian gay gay" akpọrọ "Ezi Nduzi" na Ohio, ebe a manyere ụmụaka ịga ọrụ ụka na-asọ oyi na masturbate na foto nwoke na nwanyị. E nyere ha ọgwụ ọgbụgba na intravenous na electrodes nke ha nwere ugbu a na aka ha ruo elekere abụọ. Ọ na-ada ụda dị egwu ma na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ: "Christian nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke mara ụlọikwuu."

Agbanyeghị, n'ihi nyocha zuru ezu, enweghị ihe akaebe na-akwado nkwado ebubo Goldani, ọ nweghị otu n'ime ụmụaka ndị ọzọ a na-ekwu na ha na-anara ọgwụgwọ n'ogige ahụ gosipụtara, akwụkwọ nyocha ndị ọka iwu ekwenyeghị na ogige dị otu a. Naanị otu ebe "ogige mgbagha mmekọ nwoke na nwoke" a na-akpọ "Ezi Ntụziaka" bụ ... ihe nkiri Hollywood na 1999, nke onye nduzi nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na-eduzi, nke onye ama ama na-agagharị agagharị RuPaul (Doyle 2013; Sprigg 2014) Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, enweghị ebubo na ebubo aghụghọ nke Goldany.

Ihe atụ ọzọ yiri ibe ya bụ Samuel Brinton, onye boro nne na nna nke ya ebubo “iti ya nwoke idina nwoke” dịka nwatakịrị, ma zigakwa ya n'ogige "mgbazi" yiri ya, ebe “eji obere agịga dị n'okpuru ya. nyefere ndị na-ahụ maka nwoke na nwanyị ihe nkiri na-eme ka mmiri na ice ma na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe ha na-ekiri ihe ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha. ” Inye (akwụ ụgwọ) ajụjụ ọnụ maka ajụjụ ọnụ, Brinton bịara na-enwu ọkụ, na nkọwa nke mmekpa ahụ mmadụ jọgburu onwe ya. Ka o sina dị, ndenye okwu ya, ọbụlagodi ndị ọrụ ndọrọndọrọ 'LGBT +' egosighi ihe ọ bụla nwere ike ikwenye n'ihe o kwuru - na nka, achọpụtara ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha na ndị na-ekwu eziokwu.Sprigg 2014).

Liegha ụgha a n’emebisi ike ma menye ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị ahụ na-amalite ịchọ ụzọ ha ga-esi kwụsị inwe mmekọ ụdị nwoke na nwanyị, nke na-egbochi ha ibi ndụ zuru oke (na enwere ọtụtụ). Thisgha a nwere ike igbu mmadụ: ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile na-edina ụdị onwe ha na-akọ na echiche igbu onwe ha esighị na iro nke gburugburu ahụ, kama site na mpako na mmetụta nke onwe ha. enweghị olileanyan’ihi na ha kwenyere na ha enweghị ụzọ ha ga-agbanwe.

Eziokwu ahụ nke ndị mmadụ kpaliri na-enwe ike ịkwụsị na nwoke idina nwoke ma ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị na-emebi mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, nke na-ekwu na nwoke idina nwoke bụ ihe ebumpụta ụwa na-agbanweghi agbanwe, dịka agbụrụ, ya mere ndị na-akwado LGBT anaghị eleda ọbụna akụkọ akụkọ ndị na-ezighi ezi.

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Ihe edeturu

1 Bekee: "Mgbanwe mgbanwe nke agụụ mmekọahụ" - "mgbali ịgbanwe ụzọ ikuzi mmekọahụ"

2 na mbụ Association maka Nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ nke nwoke idina nwoke (NARTH)

3 dịka ọmụmaatụ, tinye usoro kachasị siri ike maka arụmọrụ, leghaara okwu ụlọ ọgwụ mmadụ anya nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mma, mana buru n'uche ụdị ikpe metụtara nsonaazụ ọjọọ, wdg

4 https://www.josephnicolosi.com/published-papers/

Xnumx Elena Lorenzo Rego

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Ozi ndi ozo

Enwere ike ịchọta ozi na nkọwa ndị ọzọ na isi mmalite ndị a:

1. https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#WitnessesPhelan JE, et al. Ihe nyocha gosi: Nzaghachi NARTH maka nkwupụta APA banyere mmekọ nwoke na nwoke Nkwupụta nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Sayensị nke tya National Association maka Nchọpụta na Ọgwụ gbasara nwoke na nwoke. Journal nke nwoke na nwanyi. 2009b; Olu nke 1.
2. Byrd AD, Phelan JE Eziokwu na akụkọ ifo banyere usoro eji egbu oge mmalite nke ọgwụgwọ nke mmekọ nwoke na nwoke achọghị. Njikọ maka Nhọrọ Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ahụike na Iguzosi Ike nke Sayensị, 2005.
3. Saịtị nke ndị na-agwọ ọrịa heteroaffirmative: https://iftcc.org/
4. Ebe ndi mmadu nwere nmekorita nwoke na nwoke, ndi jisiri ike nweta mgbanwe: https://changedmovement.com/
5. Ihe akaebe nke mgbanwe: https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#Witnesses

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Akwukwo nke Akwukwo Nso

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