Ko te tirohanga e whakaaehia ana i nga wa o nga whenua kua rite ki te kaupapa o te takakau kaore i raro i te aromatawai haumanu i te kore whaimana me te kore whakapono o te aoiao, na te mea e whakaatu ana i te whakaponotanga torangapu noa kaore i tika, kaore ano i te mutunga o nga mahi aiao.

Ko te pooti kino o te American Psychiatric Association (APA), i aukati i te takakau i te raarangi o te mate hinengaro, i mau i te Hakihea 1973. I puta tenei i nga huihuinga totika-a-iwi a 1960 - 1970. Kua hoha te hapori i nga wawaotanga o Amerika i Vietnam me te raru ohaoha. Ko nga nekehanga a nga taiohi i whanau mai ka tino rongonui: te nekehanga mo nga tika o te taupori pango, te nekehanga mo nga tika o nga wahine, te kaupapa antiwar, te nekehanga ki te koretake o te hapori me te rawakore; I tupu te ahurea a Hippie me te rangimarie me te mana motuhake; Ko te whakamahinga o te psychedelics, ina koa ko te LSD me te mariuana, kua marara. Ka mutu ka paahitia nga uara me nga whakapono katoa. Ko te wa o te tutu ki nga mana whakahaere. ^[1].

Katoa o runga ake i pa ki te atarangi o te whakawehi overpopulation me te rapu nama whanautanga.

Ko te Preston Cloud, e tohu ana i te National Academy of Science, me kaha kia kaha ake "Na nga mea ka taea" te whakahaere o te taupori, me te tohu kia whakamanahia e te kawanatanga te mahi whakangau i a raatau me nga uniana takakau ^[2].

Ko Kingsley Davis, tetahi o nga kaupapa matua i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa here mo te whanautanga whanau, me te whakanuitanga o te aukati, te haamaru me te whakahoromata, i tono kia whakatairangahia nga "momo taangata whakaponokore":

"Ko nga take o te whakariterite me nga momo ahua o te moepuku i te nuinga o te wa e paahitia ana me te kore e whakaae, ahakoa kaore tetahi e ruarua ki te whaihua o enei mahi hei aukati i te tiimata. Ko nga huringa matua e tika ana hei whakaawe i te hihiri ki te whanau tamariki me whakarereke i roto i te hanganga o te whanau, te ahuatanga o te waahine me te keehi wahine. " ^[3]

Nā te wahine a Davis, te tohunga hapori a Judith Blake, i whakaaro kia whakamutua ngā takoha me ngā kaupapa here whare e whakatenatena ana i te whānau tamariki me te whakakore i ngā whiu ture me ngā whiu pāpori e pā ana ki te takatāpui ^[4].

Kaitohutohu Ture Albert Blausteini uru nei ki roto i te hanganga o nga ture a nga whenua maha, tohu tonukia whakatikahia te tipu o te taupori, he mea tika kia arotakehia e maha nga ture, tae atu ki te marena, te whanau, te tau whakaaetanga, me te moepuku.

I reira ano etahi i ka whakahengia te noho taane i te raru o te taupori o te ao.

I roto i te āhuarangi hihiri o tēnei wā hurihanga, i te wā e mura ana te riri o te marea hurihuri (me ētahi atu), nā ngā whakaurunga pūtea a Moore, Rockefeller, me Ford i whakakaha ake te kaupapa tōrangapū mō te whakamana i te takatāpui hei huarahi noho noa, hei huarahi e hiahiatia ana ^[5] . Ko te kaupapa tapu i mua atu i neke atu i te ao o te mea kāore i whakaarohia ki te ao o te hunga whakahē, ā, i puta ake ngā tautohetohe oraora i waenga i ngā kaitautoko me ngā hunga whakahē i te whakatikatika i te takatāpui i roto i ngā pāpāho.

I roto i tana whaikōrero mō te Kāwanatanga o te Uniana i te tau 1969, i kī a Perehitini Nixon ko te tipu o te taupori "tētahi o ngā raruraru nui rawa atu e pā ana ki te mutunga o te tangata" me te karanga kia tere te mahi . ^[6] I taua tau anō, i whakaputa a Frederick Jaffe, te Perehitini Tuarua o te International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), i tētahi tuhinga e whakarārangi ana i te " whakatenatena i te tipu o te takatāpui " hei tētahi o ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i te reiti whānau . ^[7]

Ano hoki, e toru marama i muri mai, ka pakaru nga tutu o Stonewall, i reira nga roopu taangata whakahee i mahi tutu i te tiriti, tukituki, tahuna me nga tukinga ki nga pirihimana mo nga ra e rima. I whakamahia nga tokotoko maitai, nga kowhatu me nga kohinga Molotov. AT te pukapuka Ko te kaituhi taakaha a David Carter, e mohiotia ana ko "te tino rauemi" mo te hitori o aua huihuinga, e whakaahua ana i te aukati o nga kaiwhaiwhai i a Christopher Street me te aukati i nga waka me te whakaeke waka ki te kore he hunga moe kore raanei kaore i whakaae ki te whakapuaki i a ratau. Ko te taraiwa a te riihi taraiwa kaore i whakapa ohorere ki te huarahi, i mate na te whakaeke ngakau mai i te tini tangata i kaha te peke i tana motuka. I whiua ano tetahi taraiwa i muri i tana huringa mai i te motuka kia kore ai e peke ki runga i a ia  ^[8].

I muri tonu i ngā ngangau, ka whakatūria e ngā kaiwhakahau te "Homosexual Liberation Front," he tauira i runga i te "National Liberation Front" i Vietnam. I te kī ko te hinengaro te hoariri tūmatanui tuatahi, e toru tau te roa o tā rātou whakahaere i ngā whakaeke ohorere , te whakararuraru i ngā huihuinga me ngā whaikōrero a ngā ahorangi i whakaaro ko te takatāpui he mate, me te whakawehi anō hoki i a rātou i te pō. E ai ki te tuhinga a Ahorangi Charles Socarides, he tohunga mō te hinengaro o ngā whanaungatanga moepuku me te whai wāhi tika ki aua huihuinga:

"I whakarewahia e ngā rōpū toa o ngā kaiwhakahau takatāpui he pakanga whakatoi pono ki ngā tohunga i whakatakoto i ngā tautohetohe mō te tango i te takatāpui i te rārangi o ngā rerekētanga; i uru puku rātou ki ngā huihuinga i reira e kōrerohia ana te raruraru o te takatāpui, i hanga he raruraru, i whakatoi i ngā kaikōrero, ā, i whakararuraru i ngā whakaaturanga. I whakatairangahia e te rōpū takatāpui kaha i roto i te marea me ngā pāpāho motuhake te whakaputanga o ngā rauemi e aro ana ki ngā kaiwawao o te ariā tinana o te hiahia moepuku. Ko ngā tuhinga me ngā whakatau i tangohia i runga i te kaupapa o te huarahi pūtaiao mātauranga i tawaihia, i kīia he "whakakotahitanga koretake o te whakahāwea me te kōrero teka." I whakakahangia ēnei mahi e ngā reta me ngā waea waea kei roto ngā whakatoi me ngā whakawehi o te tutu tinana me ngā whakaeke kaiwhakatuma." ^[9]

I te marama o Mei o 1970, ka whakaeke haere nga kaiwhaiwhai ki te hui a te APA National Convention i San Francisco, i hamama me te whakahawea i nga kaikorero, i puta mai ko nga taakuta whakahiato me te whakama ki te waiho i te hunga whakarongo. I hohaina te heamana ki te turaki i te hui. I tino miharo, kaore he urupare a nga Kaitiaki me nga Kaiwhakahaere o te ture. Ma te akiaki i o raatau whiu, ka whakakorehia ano hoki e nga kaiwhaiwhai tetahi atu hui APA, i tenei wa i Chicago. Na, i te huihuinga i te Whare Wananga o Southern California, i tukuna ano e nga kaiwhaiwhai he purongo mo te taatai. I whakawehi nga kaiwhaiwhai ki te whakatikatika i te hui a-tau a muri mai i Washington ki te kore te waahanga ako i te takatāpui kaore i whakaurua o nga kaihauturu o te kaupapa takatāpui. Maoti i te tuku i nga riri o te tutu me te tutu ki te mohio ki nga tari whakahaere ture, i tutaki nga kaiwhakahaere o te hui APA ki nga kaitukino me te waihanga i tetahi komihana ehara i te wahine, engari no te hunga takatāpui ^[10].

Ko te korero i nga kaiwhakatakotika takakau i tono kia tuuhia te hinengaro:  
1) i whakarere ia i tana ahua kino ki te moepuku;
Kua paopao te 2) i te "ariā o te mate" ahakoa koinei;
3) i whakarewahia e ia he kaupapa kaha ki te whakakore i nga "whakahe" noa mo tenei take, na te mahi ki te whakarereke i nga waiaro me nga whakahoutanga ture;
4) i tirotirohia kia haere tonu me nga kanohi o te hapori takatāpui.

"Ko ta maatau kaupapa: "Gay, whakakake, hauora" и "He pai te Gay.". Ki te kore ranei koe, ka kaha taatau mahi ki te whakaae i enei whakahau ka whawhai atu ki o maatau. " ^[11]

Kei kona ano te whakaaro ko enei ngangau me nga mahi he mahi nui noa atu i te takaro a nga kaiwhakaari me nga ringa o nga kaiwhaiwhai e kore nei e aukati i a raatau mahi. I tika tenei ki te waihanga i te hype i roto i nga nupepa huri noa i te "mana o te hunga iti e tukinotia ana" me te whakamana i muri mai i te whakaahuatanga o te marena i te taangata mo te iwi whanui, ko nga mea katoa i runga ake nei kua oti kē te tohu. I roto i nga ahuatanga o mua, ko te kuhu kino ki nga tangata tutu ki roto i te hui kati kua ahua ke tenei:

I te tau 1970, i te kōrero a te kaituhi o te ariā whakawhiti taupori , a Frank Notestein, ki ngā āpiha matua i te Kāreti Pakanga o te Motu, i kī ia "ka tiakina te takatāpui i runga i te whakaaro ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te tipu o te taupori" ^[4].

I kōrero te mokopuna a te Perehitini o te APA, a John Spiegel, i puta mai i muri mai, mō tana whakareri i te whenua mō te hurihanga ā-roto i roto i te APA, i tana kohikohi i ngā tāngata whakaaro rite, e kī ana ko rātou ko "GayPA," ki tō rātou kāinga ki te matapaki i ngā rautaki mō te whakatairanga i ngā taiohi rīpera takatāpui ki ngā tūranga matua hei whakakapi i te hunga whakapono makawe hina ^[12] . Nō reira, he kaha te tautoko a ngā tohunga whakaaro takatāpui i roto i te kaiārahi o te APA.

Koinei te whakaahuatanga a te kaipūtaiao rongonui o Amerika, a Ahorangi Jeffrey Satinover, i ngā kaupapa o aua tau i roto i tana tuhinga "Neither Scientific nor Democratic" ^[13] :

I te tau 1963, i whakahaua e te New York Academy of Medicine tana Komiti Hauora Tūmatanui kia whakarite i tētahi pūrongo mō te takatāpui, i puta mai i ngā āwangawanga kei te tere horapa te whanonga takatāpui i roto i te hapori o Amerika. I tae te komiti ki ēnei whakatau:

" He mate tūturu te takatāpui. Ko te takatāpui he tangata he raruraru kare ā-roto, kāore e taea te whakatū hononga takatāpui noa... Kua neke atu i te tūnga tiaki noa iho ētahi o ngā takatāpui, ā, e kī ana ko tēnei momo rerekētanga he huarahi oranga e hiahiatia ana, he rangatira, he pai ake hoki... "

I muri noa iho o nga tau 10, i te 1973, kaore e whakaatu i nga raraunga rangahauiao mohio nui, kaore he tirohanga me te tātaritanga e tika ana, ko te tuunga o te hunga hapai i te hinengaro me te mohio (tirohia te rereketanga o te akoranga i roto i nga tau noa 10!). "

I te 1970 i whakamatau a Socarides ki te hanga roopu hei ako i te taangata taane mai i te tirohanga putaiao me te haumanu noa, me te whakapiri atu ki te peka o New York o te APA. Ko te Tumuaki o te tari, a Ahorangi Diamond, i tautoko i a Socarides, ana i hangaia he roopu penei i te rua tekau nga tohunga hinengaro mai i nga momo whare haumanu i New York. Whai muri i te rua tau o te mahi me nga hui tekau ma ono, ka whakareri te roopu i tetahi ripoata e kore e ruarua te korero mo te taangata rite te mate hinengaro me te tono kaupapa whakaora me te awhina hapori mo te hunga takakau. Heoi, i mate a Ahorangi Diamond i te tau 1971, ana ko te upoko hou o te peka a te APA o Niu Ioka he kaitautoko mo te whakaaro matakite. I whakakahoretia te ripoata, ana i whakawhiwhia ki ona kaituhi he tohu pohewa noa ko nga ripoata kaore i aro ki te taangata takotoranga he rereke noa ka paopao. I whakamutua te roopu.

Ko Robert Spitzer, nana nei i aukati te moe taane mai i te raarangi o nga mate hinengaro, i mahi i te poari etita o te DSM, he aratohu tirotiro mo nga mate hinengaro, kaore hoki he wheako ki nga taane. Ko tana mohio noa ki tenei mea ko te korero ki tetahi kaiwhakaipoipo takakau ko Ron Gold te kii, kaore ia i te mate, ana ka haria a Spitzer ki tetahi paati i te pa takakau, ka kitea e ia nga mema nui o te APA. I pa ki a ia te mea i kite ia, i whakatau a Spitzer ko te taangata takakau ki a ia ano kaore e tutuki i nga paearu mo te mate hinengaro, na te mea kaore i te mamae tonu, kaore hoki i te hono atu ki te koretake o te ao whanui i tua atu i te heterosexual.  "Ki te kore e pai te mahi tika i te takiwa o te ira tangata, he mate te mate, ka kiia ano hoki he mate kino." I kii ia, ko te warewaretanga i te kii ko te celibacy he kowhiringa maamaa ka taea te aukati i nga wa katoa, engari na te kore he wahine kore. I tukuna e Spitzer he taunakitanga ki te poari a APA ki te aukati i te takakau i a ia mai i te raarangi o nga mate hinengaro, a i te Hakihea 1973 o te tau, 13 o nga mema poari 15 (ko te nuinga ko era o te wa i whakaritea ai ko GeyP proteges) i pootihia kia manakohia. Dr Satinover kei runga ake nei Tuhinga ka hoatu he taunakitanga mo tetahi wahine o mua ka haere mai i tetahi huihuinga i te whare o tetahi o nga mema o te kaunihera APA, i reira ka whakanui ia i tana wikitoria me tana hoa aroha. 

Kaore e taea te whakaatu i te maaramatanga o te taangata mai i te tirohanga medico-koiora, ka taea e koe anake te pooti. Ko tenei tikanga "putaiao" i whakamahia tuatahitia i roto i nga tau ki muri i te whakatau ko te whenua he porowhita, he papatahi ranei. I whakaahuatia e Takuta Socarides te whakatau a te APA "ko te tinihanga tinihanga o te hinengaro o te rautau." Koinei anake te whakatau, ka kaha ake te ohooho o te ao, mena ka tae mai nga mema ki te Huihuinga o te American Medical Association, i te korerorero ki nga kaitaunui o nga kamupene inihua hauora me nga hohipera, i pooti ki te kii ko nga momo mate pukupuku katoa kaore he painga, no reira kaore e hiahiatia he rongoa.

I muri i te pōti, i taea e ngā kaiwhakahē o te whakataunga te whakarite i tētahi pōtitanga i waenga i ngā mema katoa o te APA mō tēnei take, he tūmomo mōrearea nui ki te kaupapa takatāpui. Kātahi ka tukuna atu e te whakahaere takatāpui NGTF, i muri i te whiwhinga o ngā wāhitau o ōna mema katoa (neke atu i te 30,000) mai i tētahi kaiwhakahaere APA, he reta ki a rātou, hei tautoko i ngā kaiārahi o te APA, i akiaki i ngā tohunga hinengaro kia tautoko i ngā panonitanga ingoa kua whakaaetia. Arā, te āhua nei nā te Poari Kaiwhakahaere o te APA i tuku te reta. Tata ki te 10,000 ngā tohunga hinengaro i whakautu ki te reta, 58% o rātou i tautoko i te pōti a te komiti. Nō reira, o ngā tohunga hinengaro katoa i te United States, 19% anake i tautoko i te whakatau kia tangohia te mate o te takatāpui, ā, ko te nuinga, i ako mai i ngā wheako kino o ō rātou hoa mahi, i pai ake ki te pupuri i ō rātou whakaaro ki a rātou anō i te wehi kei pāngia rātou. I whakaaetia te whakatikatika. Heoi, i kī te APA i ēnei e whai ake nei:

"Kāore e kore ka kī ngā kaiwhakahau takatāpui kua whakaaetia e te hinengaro hinengaro te takatāpui he 'noa' pērā i te takatāpui tāne me te wahine. He hē tā rātou. Mā te tango i te takatāpui tāne i te rārangi o ngā mate hinengaro, e whakaae ana mātou kāore e tutuki i ngā paearu mō te tautuhi i tētahi mate, … ehara i te mea he noa, he tika hoki pērā i te takatāpui tāne me te wahine." ^{[ 14 ]}

Ataata i te reo Pākehā: https://youtu.be/jjMNriEfGws

Nō reira, i whakakapia te tātaritanga " 302.0 ~ Homosexuality " e te tātaritanga " 302.00 ~ Egodystonic Homosexuality " ā, i nekehia ki te kāwai o ngā mate hinengaro-ira. I raro i te whakamāramatanga hou, ko ngā takatāpui anake e pāngia ana e te mamae mai i tō rātou kukume ka kiia he mate. "Kāore mātou e tohe tonu ki te tapanga mate mō ngā tāngata e kī ana he hauora rātou, ā, kāore e whakaatu i ngā ngoikoretanga whānui i roto i te whai huatanga pāpori," te kī a te APA. Heoi, kāore he take whakahihiri, he tautohetohe pūtaiao whakahihiri, he taunakitanga haumanu rānei i tukuna hei whakamana i tētahi panonitanga pēnei i roto i te tūnga o te rongoā mō te takatāpui. E whakaaetia ana tēnei e te hunga i tautoko i te whakatau. Hei tauira, i kī te ahorangi o Te Whare Wānanga o Columbia, a Ronald Bayer, he tohunga mō ngā tikanga hauora, ko te whakatau ki te tango i te mate o te takatāpui i whakahaua ehara i te mea nā "ngā whakatau whaitake i runga i ngā pono pūtaiao, engari nā te wairua whakaaro o te wā" :

"E takahi ana te tukanga katoa i ngā mātāpono tino taketake o te whakaoti pātai pūtaiao. Engari i te tirotiro i ngā raraunga me te kore whakaaro, kua kitea e ngā tohunga hinengaro kua makahia rātou ki roto i tētahi tautohe tōrangapū." ^[15]

"Ko te whaea o te kaupapa mō ngā tika o te hunga takatāpui," te kī pono a Barbara Gittings, e rua tekau tau i muri i tana whaikōrero i te hui APA :

“Kare rawa he whakataunga hauora, ana koina te take i tere te mahi. Ka mutu, e toru noa nga tau kua pahure mai i te mahi ohorere tuatahi i te huihuinga APA ana i mua o te pooti a te poari whakahaere ki te whakakore i te taangata wahine mai i te raarangi o nga mate hinengaro. He whakataunga torangapu ... I whakaorangia matou i te po kotahi na te whiu o te pene. " ^[16]

Ko te rangahau whakahau a Evelyn Hooker, e whakaatuhia ana hei tohu "putaiao" mo te "tikanga" o te taangata takirua, kaore i tutuki i nga paerewa a-putaiao, na te mea he iti noa te tauira, kaore i tupono, kaore hoki i whai mana, ana ko te tikanga tonu i waihohia te hiahia. Hei taapiri, kaore a Hooker i whakamatau ki te whakamatau ko nga taangata takakau ano he roopu he rite tonu nga taangata rite tonu ki nga taangata heterosexuals. Ko te kaupapa o ana rangahau he whakautu ki te patai: "Ko te takatāpui he tohu tohu no te patoto?" E ai ki a ia: "Ko nga mea katoa hei mahi maatau ko te kimi take kotahi kaore ano te whakautu." Ko te tikanga, ko te kaupapa o te rangahau ko te rapu i te iti rawa ki te wahine takahi kaore he kaupapa hinengaro.

Ko te rangahau a Hooker i uru ki te 30 taangata takirua, i ata whiriwhiria e te Mattachine Society. Kua whakahaerehia e tenei whakahaere takakau te whakamatautau tuatahi me te kowhiri i nga kaitono pai rawa atu. I muri i te whakamatautau i nga kaiuru ma te whakamahi i nga whakamatautau kaupapa e toru (Nga waahi Rorschach, TAT me te MAPS) me te whakataurite i o raatau hua ki te roopu "heterosexual", ka whakatau a Hooker:

"Kāore i te miharo te nui o te manukanuka o ētahi o ngā tāngata takatāpui, tae noa ki te taumata e whakaaro ana te tangata ko te takatāpui he parepare ki te hinengaro pōuri . Engari ko te mea e uaua ana ki te nuinga o ngā tākuta te whakaae ko ētahi o ngā tāngata takatāpui he āhua noa iho, kāore e taea te wehewehe, engari ko te hiahia moepuku, mai i ngā tāngata takatāpui noa. Ko ētahi kāore pea i te mate pāwera (ki te kore e tohe ko te takatāpui tonu he tohu o te mate pāwera), engari he tino pai rawa atu pea, e mahi ana i te taumata teitei." ^[17]

Arā, ko te paearu mō te "noho noa" i roto i tana rangahau ko te noho o te urutau me te mahi pāpori. Heoi, ko te noho o aua tawhā, kāore e ārai i te noho o te mate pāwera. Nō reira, ahakoa te kore e whakaarohia te kaha tatauranga koretake o te rahi o te tauira, kāore e taea e ngā hua o taua rangahau te whakaatu ehara te takatāpui i te mate hinengaro. I whakaae a Hooker ki ngā "herenga" o tana mahi, ā, i kī ia ko te whakataurite i ngā rōpū o te 100 tāngata ka kitea pea he rerekētanga. I kite anō ia i te kaha o te kore whakaae o ngā takatāpui i roto i ngā whanaungatanga whaiaro, i tino wehewehe ai rātou i te rōpū whakahaere. I tua atu, i roto i ngā whakamātautau Rorschach, i kitea e ngā kairangahau he rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua i runga i ētahi tohu (Wheeler Signs) ā, i kitea te hiahia ira tangata i roto i te 40% o ngā tāne, i whakaritea ki te 25% me te matapae matapōkere. Nō reira, he hē noa te kereme a Hooker kāore ia i kite i ngā rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua i roto i ana whakamātautau katoa.

I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau tata nei mō ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i te LGBT*, tata ki te 94% he mate hinengaro kotahi te iti rawa ^[18] , he rua te ōrau i roto i tētahi rōpū takatāpui rite ^[19].

I te mutunga o te tau 1977, e whā tau i muri i ngā kaupapa i whakaahuatia, i whakahaerehia he rangahau ingoakore mō ngā tohunga hinengaro o Amerika, he mema nō te APA, i roto i te puka pūtaiao Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality. E 69% o ngā tohunga hinengaro i uiuitia i whakaae "ko te takatāpui he urutaunga mate, he rerekē ki te rerekētanga noa," ā, 13% kāore i tino mōhio. I kī hoki te nuinga he iti ake te harikoa o ngā takatāpui i ngā takatāpui (73%), ā, he iti ake te kaha ki te whanaungatanga pakeke, aroha (60%). E 70% katoa o ngā tohunga hinengaro i kī ko ngā raruraru o ngā takatāpui he nui ake te hononga ki ō rātou ake pakanga ā-roto, kaua ki te whakama o te hapori ^[20].

Ko te tikanga ko te tau 2003 nga hua Ko tetahi rangahau o te ao i waenga i nga tohunga hinengaro mo o ratau ahuatanga mo te taakii ka whakaatu ko te nuinga e whakaaro ana kia rite te whanonga he, engari ahakoa i whakahekehia mai i te raarangi o te mate hinengaro. ^[21].

I te tau 1987, i tangohia pukutia e te APA ngā kōrero katoa mō te takatāpui i roto i tōna ingoa, i tēnei wā, kāore i pōti. I whai noa te World Health Organization (WHO) i ngā tapuwae o te APA, ā, i te tau 1990, i tangohia hoki te takatāpui i roto i tana whakarōpūtanga o ngā mate, me te pupuri tonu i ōna āhuatanga whaiaro i te wāhanga F66. Mō ngā take o te tika tōrangapū, kei roto hoki i tēnei kāwai te aronga takatāpui, "e hiahia ana te tangata ki te huri nā ngā raruraru hinengaro me ngā whanonga e pā ana . "

I taua wā anō, he mea nui kia maumahara ko te kaupapa here anake mō te tātaritanga i te takatāpui kua rerekē, ehara i te pūtake pūtaiao me te haumanu e whakaahua ana i tēnei hei mate - arā, he peka mamae mai i te āhua noa, i te tukanga whanaketanga rānei. Mēnā āpōpō ka pōti ngā tākuta ehara te rewharewha i te mate, ehara tēnei i te kī ka ora ngā tūroro: ka mau tonu ngā tohu me ngā raruraru o te mate, ahakoa kāore i te rārangi. Hei tāpiri, ehara te American Psychiatric Association me te World Health Organization i te umanga pūtaiao. He tari tari noa iho te WHO i roto i te UN, e whakarite ana i ngā mahi a ngā hanganga ā-motu, ā, he uniana hokohoko te APA. Kāore te WHO e ngana ana ki te kī i tētahi atu mea - koinei te kī a te kupu whakataki ki te whakarōpūtanga ICD-10 o ngā mate hinengaro:

" Kāore ēnei whakaahuatanga me ngā aratohu i te whakaarohia hei ariā noa iho, ā, kāore hoki e kīia he kōrero whānui mō te āhua o te mātauranga o nāianei mō ngā mate hinengaro. He rōpū tohu me ngā kōrero noa iho ēnei kua whakaaetia e te tini o ngā kaitohutohu me ngā kairīpoata i roto i ngā whenua maha o te ao hei pūtake e whakaaetia ana mō te tautuhi i ngā rohe o ngā kāwai i roto i te whakarōpūtanga o ngā mate hinengaro." ^[22]

Mai i te tirohanga a ngā rangahau pūtaiao, he āhua wairangi tēnei kōrero. Me ahu mai te whakarōpūtanga pūtaiao i ngā mātāpono arorau tino tika, ā, ko te whakaaetanga i waenga i ngā tohunga ka puta noa i te whakamaoritanga o ngā raraunga haumanu me ngā raraunga wheako, kaua e whakahaua e ngā whakaaro whakaaro, ahakoa ko te mea tino atawhai tangata. Ka whakaaetia whānuitia te tirohanga mō tētahi raruraru nā te mea he taunakitanga anake tōna, kaua e tohutohu mai i runga ake nei. Mena kei te kōrero tātou mō tētahi tikanga maimoatanga, ka whakatinanahia hei whakamātautau i roto i tētahi, i ētahi rānei whare. Ka whakaputaina ngā hua o te whakamātautau ki roto i ngā nūpepa pūtaiao, ā, i runga i tēnei pūrongo, ka whakatau ngā tākuta mēnā ka whakamahia tonutia tēnei tikanga. Heoi, i konei, i kaha ake ngā hiahia tōrangapū anti-pūtaiao i te kore whakaaro pūtaiao me te kore whakaaro, ā, neke atu i te rautau o ngā wheako haumanu me ngā wheako wheako, e tohu mārama ana ki te take mate o te takatāpui, i whakarērea. Ko tēnei tikanga kore o mua, i muri i te Waenganui o te Waenganui o te whakaoti rapanga pūtaiao uaua mā te ara ake o ngā ringa, e whakahē ana i te hinengaro hinengaro hei pūtaiao nui, ā, anō, he tauira o te puremu o te pūtaiao hei painga mō ētahi mana tōrangapū. Ahakoa te Oxford Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry e kī ana, ahakoa i ētahi wāhi, pērā i te pūtake o te schizophrenia, te pouri rānei, i whai te hinengaro kia tino pūtaiao, i roto i ngā take e pā ana ki te takatāpui, i mahi te hinengaro pērā i "te pononga a ōna rangatira ahurea me te tōrangapū" ^[23].

Te Whakatau Paerewa mo te Pane Tangata Wahanga 44 APA, e mohiotia ana ko te Society for the Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, e tata ana ki te katoa o nga kaiwhaiwhai LGBT *. Na ratou i hora nga korero koretake mo te APA katoa "Ko te takakau he ahuatanga noa o te moepuku tangata".

Dean Byrd, perehitini o mua o te National Association for the Study and Therapy of Homosexuality, i whakapae a APA mo te whakapae pūtaiao:

"Kua uru a APA hei kaupapa kaitono me te kaupapa kaiwhakaara takatāpui i roto i ona tuhinga whaimana, ahakoa ko ia ano he whakahaereiaoiao e whakaatu ana i nga whakaaturanga taunakitanga. Kei te aukati te APA i nga rangahau rangahau me nga rangahau e whakahawea ana i tona tianga torangapu, e whakawehi ana i nga mema ki tana ropu e whakahē ana i tenei torangapu o te mahi pūtaiao. He tokomaha i akina kia noho puku kia kore ai e ngaro o raatau mana ngaio, kua ngoikore etahi atu, kua pakaru o ratau ingoa - ehara i te mea kaore o raatau rangahau e whai kiko, he uara ranei, engari na te mea i he ke i a ratau hua ki te mana "kaupapa here" ‖.^[24]

Rauemi

1. Gubanov IB. Te Whananga Ahurea ahurea me te kaupapa hapori whanui i San Francisco i 1966 - 67: panuitanga o te whanautanga o tetahi "iwi hou" (2008)
2. Robin Elliott, Ko te tipu o te taupori o Amerika me te Mahere Whanau (1970)
3. Kingsley Davis, Kaupapahere Whai Raraunga: Ka Angitu Nga Whakaaetanga Inaianei? (1967)
4. Matiu Connelly, Ko te Mana Whenua he Korero: Te Whakaaturanga Hou mo te Whakahoutanga o te Ao ki te Whakakao i te Tupu o te Taonga (2003)
5. A. Carlson. Te Hapori, Whanau, Te Taonga (2003). Whārangi 104
6. Richard Nixon: Karere Motuhake ki te Huihuinga Motuhake mo nga raru o te tipu o te taupori (1969)
7. JSe FS, Ko nga Mahi Haangai ki te Ako Ake mo te Raraunga Whaiaro mo te United States (1969)
8. David Carter Stonewall: nga mahi nanakia i whakaohooho i te whakakeke (2004), Panui 186.
9. Socarides CW. Te Matapihi Tuhiputa me te Pūtaiao Pūtaiao: Te Putanga o te Taakii. Tuhinga o mua. 10th, no. 3 ed. Xnumx
10. Donn Teal. Ko nga pirihimana takahuri (1971)
11. Frank Kameny. Gay, Whakakake, Hauora (1972)
12. 81 Nga kupu: https://www.thisamericanlife.org/204/transcript
    
13. Satinover J. E kore tohu te maapori ranei. Te Taha Linacre. Vol. 66: Kaore. 2, Tuhinga 7. 1999; 84.
14. Ko te taatai ​​i te wahine me te moepuku te whakatoanga: Ko te huringa whakaarohia i DSM-II, panui 6th. Tohutoro Tuhinga APA No. 730008. - Te Panui Hinengaro a Amerika, 1973. - ISBN 978-0-89042-036-2.
15. Bayer R. Te Tuhipapa me te Hinengaro o Amerika: Ko nga Kino o te Diagnosis. Xnumx
16. Eric Marcus Te hanga hitori: te pakanga mo te mana takatāpui me nga wahine takatāpui, 1945-1990 (1991)
17. E. Hooker. Ko te Whakariterite o te Tane Tino Tino (1957)
18. Jon Grant. Nga Whakararu Tangata i roto i te Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, a Transgender Chemical Dependent Patients (2011)
19. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te waipiro 12-marama te waipiro me te haurangi o te whakamahi taero me te tuakiri tangata i te United States: ko nga hua mai i te National Epidemiologic Survey mo te waipiro me nga tikanga e pa ana.
20. Te wa Sexes: Sick again, 1978
21. Manawanui: kotahitanga i waenga o nga rereketanga. Ko te mahi a nga tohunga hinengaro
22. ICD-10: Nga Haukoi hinengaro me te whanonga, wharangi 21.
23. Te Taakiiakii, te whanaungatanga tuakiri ira tangata, me te whaikorero // He Tihi Korero o te Psychiatry. - Oxford UP, 2005. C.127.
24. Dean Byrd. APA me te Tane: he Take Kino Putaiao

I tua atu:

Pavel Parfentiev: Me pehea te noho takatāpui he mate

Te Tane: Te hinengaro hinengaro kaore ranei?

LGBT* hauora hinengaro me te tinana