Icho chinyorwa chinoburitsa dambudziko rekuchengetedza tsika dzechinyakare dzemhuri munyika yanhasi. Mhuri uye hunhu hwemhuri ndiyo hwaro hwakavakirwa nzanga. Zvichakadaro, kutanga kubva pahafu yepiri yezana ramakumi maviri, maitiro akanangana nekuparadza mhuri yechinyakare akaparadzirwa nemaune mune dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero. Kunyangwe kupera kweGreat Patriotic War, Hondo nyowani yakatanga - huwandu hwevanhu. Pasi pesimba redzidziso pamusoro pekuwandisa kwePasi, nzira dzekudzora mwero wekuzvarwa wakagadzirwa nevanyori vehuwandu hwevanhu dzakatanga kuunzwa. Muna 1994, UN International Conference pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu uye kubudirira yakaitwa, apo matanho akatorwa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura kugadzirisa "matambudziko evanhu" akaongororwa. Pakati pavo paive "nedzidzo yebonde", kubvisa nhumbu uye kubereka, "kuenzana kwevanhukadzi". Mutemo wekudzora huwandu hwekuzvarwa unofungidzirwa muchinyorwa, kusimudzira kushomeka kwevana uye mafomu asiri echinyakare ehukama zvinopesana nezvinodiwa zveRussian Federation, ine huwandu hwevanhu hwave kuderera nekukurumidza. Russia, zvinoita, inofanirwa kuramba zvimiro zvinoratidzirwa, kudzivirira mhuri yechinyakare uye nekuunza matanho ekuitsigira padanho remutemo. Chinyorwa ichi chinopa sarudzo dzinoverengeka dzinofanirwa kuitwa pane yekunze neyemukati gwara reruzhinji kuitira kuchengetedza tsika dzechinyakare dzemhuri. Nekushandisa chirongwa ichi, Russia ine mukana wese wekuve mutungamiri wesangano remhuri-yepasi rose.
Keywords: hunhu, hutongi, huwandu hwevanhu, kubereka, mutemo wekunze, mhuri.
Hunhu hwemweya nehunhu, izvo zvatokanganikwa munyika dzinoverengeka, pane kudaro, zvakatisimbisa. Uye isu tichagara tichidzivirira nekudzivirira aya maitiro.
Mutungamiri Vladimir Putin
Kero kune iyo Federal Assembly yeRussia Federation, 21.04.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX
Tsika dzemhuri dzechinyakare uye hutano hwemagariro
Mhuri uye hunhu hwemhuri ndiyo hwaro hwakavakirwa nzanga. Mutsika dzese dzetsika, zvisinei nemhando yesangano rezvemagariro, kuberekwa nekurerwa kwevana kwaive musimboti wepakati pakavakirwa tsika, hunhu uye hukama hwenharaunda.
Muchikwata chemhuri, iko kwekutanga kushamwaridzana uye kurerwa kwemunhu kunoitika, kuumbwa kwake nyika-kureurura kuzivikanwa. Bvarura denderedzwa iri - vanhu vanozonyangarika, vopunzika kuita vanhu vakazvimiririra vasingade kufunga nezveramangwana revana vavo. Iyo ndiyo mhuri iri chinongedzo pakati pezvizvarwa zvitatu kana kunyangwe zvina izvo zvinosiana zvinochengetana. Naizvozvo, nekudzivirira mhuri nekubereka, nzanga inozvidzivirira, kubudirira kwayo, hutongi uye kutendeka kwenzvimbo - ramangwana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kubvira hafu yechipiri yezana ramakumi maviri emakore, maitiro akanangana nekuparadza mhuri yechinyakare akaparadzirwa nemaune munyika dzekuMadokero. Basa rine chinangwa rakatanga kushora chiKristu nezvimwe zvitendero zvechivanhu zvinosimbisa tsika dzemhuri. Panzvimbo penzvimbo dzakaedzwa-nguva yekuvhenekwa kwenyika dzinovimbisa kugara zvakanaka kwete kwemunhu mumwe chete, asi nzanga yese seyese, pfungwa dzehunhu dzakarongedzwa dzinobvisa zvinangwa zvevanhu uye kuisa hutano hwevanhu pamusoro pevose. Yakarasikirwa neCold War, Russia yakarasikirwa neIron Curtain, semhedzisiro iyo "inofambira mberi" pesvedzero dzekuMadokero dzakadurura munzvimbo yapashure peSoviet. Zvibereko zvavo zvinovava - nenzira yekuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa, kudzikisira huwandu hwekuzvarwa, kuvakwa kwemweya pamwe nehunhu uye kuzvichengetedza munharaunda - tiri kukohwa kusvika nhasi.
Muchirevo chehondo yehuwandu hwevanhu inopesana nevanhu vepasirese, inoitwa nevatambi vepasirese, tsika dzemhuri dzinova chishandiso chezvematongerwo enyika uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika rinokwezva vanhu vanotsvaga ruramisiro.
Zvakaitika kare zvezvakaparadzwa zvetsika tsika
Kunyangwe kupera kweGreat Patriotic War, Hondo nyowani yakatanga - huwandu hwevanhu. Muna 1944, Hugh Everett Moore, sachigaro wekomiti yepamusoro yeUnited States League of Nations Association, akatanga homwe yekutsigira masangano anodzora huwandu hwevanhu.
Muna 1948, mabhuku akaburitswa akakurudzira gakava reMalthusian pamusoro pekufungidzirwa kuwanda kwevanhu uye kuparadzwa kwePasi: Yedu Yakapambwa Planet naFairfield Osborne uye Mugwagwa weKupona naWilliam Vogt. Pamwe chete neHugh Moore Foundation's Population Bomb (1954), iyo yakawedzera kutyisidzira kwekuwandisa kwevanhu uye ikazivisa kudiwa kwekudzikisa huwandu hwekuzvarwa, mabhuku aya akatanga kutya. Dambudziko revanhu rakatorwa nevanyori vezvematongerwo enyika, vezvematongerwo enyika uye UN [1].
Muna 1959, Dhipatimendi reHurumende reUnited States rakaburitsa mushumo pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvakagumisa kuti kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwakatyisidzira kugadzikana kwenyika. Chirevo chakataura nezve kudikanwa kwekukurumidza kudzora huwandu hwevanhu. Pfungwa dzeNeo-Malthusian dzakatora masangano ehurumende yeUS kusvika padanho rekuti vakatanga kutsigira chirevo chekuti vanhu vave "gomarara repasi". "Mumakore makumi manomwe nyika ichabatwa nenzara - mamirioni avanhu achafa nenzara, kunyangwe paine zvirongwa zvinofambiswa izvozvi zviri kutorwa," vakanyora Paul naAnne Ehrlich mubhuku ravo rinonakidza re "Overpopulation Bomb" uye vakakumbira kuti "vateme" kunze kwebundu rekuwanda kwevanhu "[70] ...
Muna 1968, gweta reAmerica Albert Blaustein akataura kuti kuitira kudzikisa huwandu hwevanhu, zvaifanirwa kuongorora mitemo yakawanda, kusanganisira iyo yekuroora, kutsigira mhuri, zera rekubvumirwa, uye ungochani [3].
Kingsley Davis, mumwe wevanhu vepakati pekuvandudzwa kwemitemo yekuzvarwa, akashoropodza vanoronga mhuri nekusiya nzira dzakadai "dzekuzvipira" dzekudzivirira kubereka semutemo nekukurudzira kuvharisa uye kubvisa nhumbu, pamwe ne "nzira dzekusangana". Shure kwaizvozvo, akaziva kuronga kwemhuri sezvakakodzera, asi zvisina kukwana, achidonongodza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nzira dzakadai dzekudzivirira kubereka senge dzepamberi, kusangana kweungochani uye kuuraya vacheche [4].
Muna 1969, munhaurwa yake kuCongress, Mutungamiri Nixon vakadaidza kuwedzera kwevanhu "chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru kugumo revanhu" uye vakadaidzira kuti chiitwe nekukurumidza. Mugore rimwe chetero, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weInternational Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Frederic Jaffe akaburitsa gwaro rinotsanangura nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa, dzaisanganisira kuvharisa, kubvisa nhumbu, kudzivirira pamuviri, kuderedza rubatsiro rwemagariro amai, uye kukurudzira kukura kweungochani.
Yakanga iri panguva ino apo mhirizhonga yeStonewall yakatanga, umo ngochani dzakazivisa kurapa kwepfungwa mu # 1 muvengi uye, zvavakaumba sangano "Homosexual Liberation Front," vakaita mhirizhonga, kupisa uye zviito zvekuparadza. Kumanikidza kwemakore matatu ane hukasha kuAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) kwakatanga, kuchiperekedzwa nezviito zvekuvhunduka nekushungurudzwa kwevanyanzvi, uye kwakapera nekuregererwa kweungochani [4]. Mushure mezvose, chete nekubvisa ungochani kubva pane rondedzero yezvirwere zvepfungwa, zvaigona kutanga kusimudzira mararamiro eungochani seyakajairika uye hutano hunhu, hwakakurudzirwa nevanoverenga huwandu hwevanhu kuti vadzikise huwandu hwekuzvarwa.
Muna 1970, munyori wedzidziso yekushanduka kwehuwandu hwevanhu, Frank Knowstein, achitaura kuNational War College pamberi pevakuru vakuru, akataura kuti "ungochani hunodzivirirwa pachikonzero chekuti hunobatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwevanhu" [6]. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakapomera zvakananga hupombwe kune iro dambudziko repasi kuwanda kwevanhu [7].
Muna 1972, The Limits to Growth report yakaburitswa yeClub yeRome, umo mamiriro ese akanaka ehuwandu hwevanhu aida shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika nevezvematongerwo enyika, yakaratidzirwa mukudzora kwakasimba kubereka pamwero wekudzikira kwechisikigo.
Kubva makumi matanhatu emakore ezana rapfuura, kudzikiswa kwevagari vepasi rese kwakakumbirwa uye kubhadharwa nenzira dzinosanganisira kusimudzira ungochani, kushaya mwana, uye kubvisa nhumbu. National Security Council inoshuma NSSM-200, iyo yakashuma nezve kudiwa kwekudzikisa huwandu hwekuzvarwa, inokurudzira "kudzidziswa" kwevechidiki chizvarwa nezve chinodiwa chemhuri diki. Muna 1975, mutungamiri weMutungamiri Ford "NSSM-200" yakava mutungamiri weUnited States mutemo wekuita.
Maitiro ekuderedza huwandu hwekuzvarwa hwakagadzirwa nevanyori vehuwandu hwevanhu hwakaunzwa nguva dzose pasi pemashoko anoshamisa ekudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu: kodzero dzevana, kodzero dzekubereka dzevakadzi, uye kudzivirira vakadzi kubva kumhirizhonga mudzimba (Istanbul Convention).
Muna 1994, UN International Conference pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu nekusimudzira yakaitwa, uko matanho akatorwa pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri apfuura kugadzirisa "matambudziko ehuwandu" akaongororwa. Pakati pezviyero zvaionekwa se "dzidzo yebonde", kubvisa nhumbu uye kubereka, "murume" kuenzana. Kufambira mberi kwave kuchionekwa munyika zhinji dzakawana kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekuzvarwa [20].
Muna 2000, World Health Organisation (WHO) neUNFPA (sangano reUnited Nations rinoona nezve "matambudziko ehuwandu hwevanhu") vakatsigira gwaro reIPFF uye vakadaidzira kumasangano ezvehutano kuti aongorore mitemo, kunyanya maererano nekubvisa nhumbu neungochani [9].
Muna 2010, zviyero zveWHO zvedzidzo yebonde muEurope zvakagadzirwa, zvinosimbisa kukwidziridzwa kwehukama hwepabonde kune vana uye kutanga kwepabonde kwevana [10].
Muna Chivabvu 2011, Kanzuru yeEuropean Convention pamusoro Pokudzivirira uye Kurwisa Mhirizhonga kuvakadzi uye Mhirizhonga Mudzimba (Istanbul Convention) yakavhurwa kuti isayine muIstanbul. Turkey yakava nyika yekutanga kugadzirisa Chibvumirano. Nekudaro, makore gumi gare gare, munaKurume 10, chirevo chakapihwa kuti chibve pairi. "Kokorodzano, pakutanga yaida kuchengetedza kodzero dzevakadzi, yakagadzwa neboka revanhu vaiedza kugadzirisa ungochani, izvo zvisingaenderane nehunhu uye hwemhuri tsika dzeTurkey," akadaro chirevo. [2021]
Chokwadi, chirevo cheSweden nezvekuzadzikiswa kweIstanbul Musangano chinoratidza kuti zvinokanganisa matanho ehurumende kuvakadzi nevana vari panjodzi yemhirizhonga kwakaoma kuongorora. Huwandu hwemhosva dzinoitirwa vanhukadzi hwakawedzera kubva muna2013 kusvika 2018. Matanho akatorwa ane chekuita nekuparadzwa kwezvitendero zvechinyakare uye "dzidzo yebonde" inoratidzwa: "chikoro chinofanira kupokana nehunhu hwevakadzi"; "Dzidzo yebonde inosanganisirwa mumapoka akati wandei emakosi uye ezvidzidzo zvezvikoro zvekumanikidza uye zvepamusoro, pamwe nedzidzo yevakuru"; "Zvinoenderana nedzidzo yenyika dzenyika yekumanikidzira neyepamusoro sekondari, mudzidzisi ane basa rakakosha rekuona kuti vadzidzi vanowana ruzivo nezve bonde uye hukama hwepedyo" [12]. Muzvinafundo G.S. Kocharian mushumo yake yePublic Chamber yeRussian Federation akaburitsa zvinangwa zvezvidzidzo zvakadaro zve "dzidzo yebonde" - kumanikidza ungochani "[13].
Musi waNovember 29, 2019, iyo Federation Council yakaburitsa kuti ruzhinji rwehurukuro runyorwe mutemo "Pakuzvidzivirira Kwemhirizhonga Yemumba muRussia Federation." Patriarchal Commission inoona nezveMhuri, Amai uye Kudzivirirwa Kwevacheche yakati: "Pamamiriro ezvinhu aya, hazvishamise kuti bhiri iri rakatsigirwa rinotsigirwa nemasangano akabatana nepfungwa dzakasimba dzinopesana nemhuri (dzidziso dzeLGBT, hukadzi), pamwe nenhamba inokosha yemasangano, iri kugamuchira zviri pamutemo mari yekunze. Vamwe vezvenhau uye masisitimu epasi rose vari kumutsigirawo, havavanzi hunhu hweRussia nezviitiko zvavo ”[14].
Yenyika dzese geopolitical mamiriro uye fungidziro
Matanho akatorwa padanho repasi rose aunza shanduko dzisina kumboitika munharaunda, mutsika uye huwandu hwevanhu. Kana tikatarisa kuyedza kwekudzora huwandu hwekuzvarwa kweanopokana nemagariro sechiuto, zvino zvinobva zvave pachena kuti hondo yakaziviswa kwatiri kare kare.
Muna 2011, nemutemo waBarack Obama, kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dze "vashoma pabonde" kwakave kwakakosha pamutemo weAmerica wezvekunze [15]. Makore gumi gare gare, muna 2021, Mutungamiri Joe Biden vakasaina chirevo "chekudzivirira nekusimudzira kodzero dzenharaunda yeLBBT pasi rese" [16]. Shure kwaizvozvo, Hurumende yeGerman yakatora pfungwa yekusanganisa "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender uye Intersex" ("LGBTI") mubumbiro rayo rekunze.
Magazini inozivikanwa "Lancet" yakaburitsa basa reboka revanyanzvi kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWashington, uko zviitiko zvekubereka, kufa, kutama uye huwandu hwenyika 195 kubva 2017 kusvika 2100. Basa iri rakapihwa mari neBill uye Melinda Gates Foundation. Dzidzo yevakadzi nekuwana mishonga yekudzivirira dzinoonekwa sematanho makuru ekuderera kwembereko muchirongwa ichi. Na 2100, nyika makumi maviri nenhatu dzinofungidzirwa kudzikisa huwandu hwadzo neanopfuura makumi mashanu muzana. MuChina ne23%. Na50, United States ichave zvakare hupfumi hukuru. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti nyika dzine huwandu hwekuzvarwa pazasi peiyo yekutsiva nhanho dzinochengetedza huwandu hwevanhu vanoshanda kuburikidza nekutama, uye chete ndivo vachararama zvakanaka. Chibereko chematanho pazasi pekutsiva nhanho munyika zhinji, kusanganisira China neIndia, zvichave nehupfumi, zvemagariro, zvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika. Maitiro ekukwegura kwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevane pensionen zvinotungamira mukudonha kweiyo pension system, inishuwarenzi yehutano uye kuchengetedzeka munharaunda, kudzikira kwekukura kwehupfumi nekudyara [48].
Kune hukuru hwese hweiri basa, pane kusiiwa kuri pachena mariri: vanyori havana kufunga nezvekukura kwakakura muhuwandu hwe "LGBT" uye "husina mwana" muchizvarwa chevechidiki, vakakurira pa "dzidzo yebonde" uye manyepo ekushaya vana. Huwandu hweve LGBT hunoratidzwa neyakawedzera tsika yekuzviuraya uye zviitiko zvehutachiona hwehutachiona (STIs), izvo zvinowanzo kutungamira mukushaya mbereko.
Nekuda kwekuparadzira kuri kukura gore rega rega, huwandu hwe "LGBT" uye kuwanda kwezviitwa zvisiri zvebonde zviri kuwedzera. Mashoko ekuti chikamu che "LGBT" vanhu munharaunda vanoramba vasina kuchinja uye kuti "vakangomira kuvanza maitiro avo" hazvigoneke. Kuwanda kwenhamba kwe "LGBT" hakugone kutsanangurwa chete nekuvhurika kwevakabvunzwa mune ongororo: zvinowirirana nekuwedzera kwezviitiko zvezvirwere zvepabonde zviripo muhuwandu hwevanhu [18]. Maererano neshumo yazvino kubva kuGallup Institute of Public Opinion, 5,6% yevakuru muUnited States vanozviratidza se "LGBT" [19]. Uye kunyangwe ichi chiyero chichiita sisingakoshi, maererano nezera chinowana tsika dzinotyisidzira. Kana muchizvarwa che "vanoita zvechivanhu" vakazvarwa pamberi pa1946 chete 1,3% vanozvitora se "LGBT", saka muchizvarwa Z (avo vakazvarwa mushure megore ra1999) vatove ne15,9% yavo - inenge yega yega yechitanhatu! Chii chichaitika kuchizvarwa chevechidiki, icho chakapfuura nekunyanyisa kwe "LGBT" propaganda, kana chasvika zera rekubereka?
Chiri kunyanya kunetsa ndechekuti ruzhinji rweGeneration Z, vanozvizivisa se "LGBT" (72%), vanotaura kuti "vanoita bonde" [19]. "Bisexual" anonyanya kubatwa nematambudziko ehutano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa, kunyangwe achienzaniswa neungochani nevane ngochani [21]. Ivo vanoendesa hutachiona kubva kuboka rine njodzi (ngochani) kune ruzhinji rwevanhu, zvichipa mukupararira kwezvirwere zvepabonde, kusanganisira izvo zvisingarapike uye zvinokonzeresa kushaya mbereko [22]. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwedzera kwekurwara uye maitiro ane njodzi kunofungidzirwa pakati pe "bisexuals" [23].
Chizvarwa chitsva chiri kukura pamberi pedu, chinowanzozviuraya uye zvirwere; transsexualism (kuremadza "kwevakadzi kuisazve") uye kuzvidzora-sterizing eco-vashanduri vari kusimudzirwa. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti matambudziko akafanotaurwa ehuwandu anouya zvakanyanya kutanga, achibata nharaunda yepasi rose nekushamisika.
Iyo inotsanangura huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu huwandu hwehuwandu hwekubereka (TFR) - zvakadii, paavhareji, mukadzi mumwe chete anosununguka panguva yekubereka. Kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu padanho rekutsiva kuri nyore, TFR = 2,1 inodiwa. MuRussia, semunyika dzakawanda dzakasimukira, chiratidzo ichi chiri pazasi pechikamu chekubereka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuramba kana kusakwanisa kubereka vana nevakadzi zvinounza zuva rekutsakatika kwevanhu kubva munhoroondo yezvinhu zviri pedyo. Zvakatove zvataurwa kuti muGeneration Z mumwe muvatanhatu vekuAmerica anozviona seLGBT, asi kana tikatarisa zvevakadzi, zvinova pachena kuti vakadzi vanonyanya kutapurwa nemazano anoparadza. Pakati pevasikana vachiri kuyaruka muUnited States mu2017, 19,6% havana kuzviona sevanhu vanoita zvepabonde [19]. Tichifunga nezve mafambiro, mukadzi mumwe chete kana vashanu vanopinda makore ekubereka haazviratidze sevanhu vanoita zvepabonde!
Zvinotora mazwi mazhinji kutsanangura kuderera kwetsika kwenzanga dzekuMadokero, asi huwandu hwacho hunotaura nemazvo. Njodzi dzezvirwere zvepabonde dzakadai sechlamydia, gonorrhea uye syphilis dzakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura muUnited States neEurope.
MuGerman, pakati pa2010 na2017, huwandu hwechirwere hwakawedzera ne83% - kusvika 9,1 makesi pa100 vagari [000].
Pakati peungochani muEngland, munguva kubva 2015 kusvika 2019, huwandu hwekuongororwa kwechlamydia hwakawedzera zvakanyanya - ne83%; gonorrhea - ne51%; njovhera - ne40%. Kuitika kwezvirwere zvepabonde kuri kuwedzerawo muhuwandu hwevanhu. Muna 2019, pakanga paine gumi muzana syphilis uye 10% imwe gonorrhea kupfuura muna 26 [2018]
Nyika yeNetherlands yakaonawo kuwedzera kwakasimba kwezviitiko zveSTIs [26].
Finland ine mwero wepamusoro wepagore wakambonyorwa muNational Rejista yezvirwere zvinotapukira. Kupararira kwehutachiona kunoitika kunyanya pakati pevechidiki: vangangoita 80% yeavo vakaonekwa vaive pakati pemakore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri neshanu. Kuitika kwegonorrhea ne syphilis kwawedzerawo [15].
MuUnited States, maSTI mareti akawedzera kwegore rechitanhatu akateedzana uye asvika pakakwirira [28].
Kutsiviwa kwevagari vemo hakuzi kuenda kusingaonekwe. Vakuru pamudyandigere, mutsamba yakaburitswa naValeurs actuelles, vakayambira Mutungamiri Emmanuel Macron kuti France yakatarisana "nenjodzi inouraya" inosanganisirwa nekutama uye kupunzika kwenyika. [29]
Kugadzirisa dambudziko rehuwandu hwevanhu nekushayisa dzimwe nyika kunotungamira mukukonana kwenzvimbo pakati penyika idzo dziri kukura dzichitambudza vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika uye avo vari kuyedza kuchengetedza vanhu vemo.
Vanhu veEurope neUnited States vari kuuya pakunzwisisa kwekuenderera mberi kwekutsiviwa nevasina kusanganisa vanoenda kunharaunda uye vatanga kutsigira vezvematongerwo enyika vakagadzirira kupokana nekuparadzwa kwevanhu vavo mune ino yanyauka hari. Russia, kune rimwe divi, inoratidza kutsigira chiyero chekuzvarwa uye inotanga kudzivirira tsika dzayo, ichizivisa pachena kuti haina kubvuma kudzikisa huwandu hwayo, uye ichiramba matanho ekudzora anokurudzirwa nevanoverenga huwandu hwevanhu.
Kubereka muChina kwakadzikira kusvika padanho repasi kubva pakavambwa People's Republic of China. People's Bank yekuChina yakakurudzira kuti Beijing isiyane zvachose nemutemo wekudzora huwandu hwekuzvarwa kuitira kuti isarasikirwe nehupfumi hwayo pamusoro peUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero [30]. Panyaya iyi, mapoka evanhukadzi anodaidzira kurega hukama nevarume akavharwa mumaChina social network. [31]
Mutungamiri weBritish wezvekunze kwenyika MI6 Richard Moore akataura mukukurukurirana neThe Sunday Times kuti hutongi hweRussia huri kumanikidzwa nekuti Russia senyika iri kupera simba. huwandu hwevanhu... "[32].
Zviitiko zvazvino, pamwe nematauriro evatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika, zvinofanirwa kutariswa mukuona kweanotsanangudzwa huwandu hwevanhu uye kusangana kwezvematongerwo enyika, umo huwandu hwenharaunda hwevagari venyika uye zera ravo zvichaita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza vanhu nehupfumi. kugadzikana. Pfungwa yakafanana inofanirwa kushandiswa kune vezvematongerwo enyika muRussia, kusanganisira maNGO. Sezvatinogona kuona, zvavanoita pamatanho akakosha ekuderedza mwero wekuzvarwa ("dzidzo yebonde", kuitiswa kweIstanbul Convention (RLS), rutsigiro rwe "LGBT" nehukadzi) zvinowirirana.
Chinzvimbo cheRussian Federation
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mamwe matunhu ehurumende, saRospotrebnadzor, anozivisa [33] kudikanwa kwe "dzidzo yebonde", Russia iri kutanga kusiya nzira dzekugarisa vanhu, dzichiisa pfungwa dzechinyakare mumutemo neBumbiro. Mune referendamu, maRussia akasimbisa chokwadi chakajairika chekuti muchato mubatanidzwa wemurume nemukadzi. Kune vezvematongerwo enyika vanozivisa pachena kudiwa kwekusiya maonero ekuMadokero nekubatana neWHO. Kutsigira kwemhuri, kuve amai, tsika dzechinyakare kuri kuwedzera kurira muhurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika. Vezvematongerwo enyika vanonzwisisa kuti Russia inyika yepasi rose, uye kuunzwa kwe "dzidzo yepabonde" nemitemo inopesana nemhuri pasi pekunyepedzera "kwekurwisa mhirizhonga mudzimba" zvinogona kukonzera kusavimbika kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Kutora chikamu muzvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvinoshandiswa neve "LGBT" varatidziri kutsigira zviitiko zvavo hazvienderane nezvinodiwa zveRussia. Referendamu yakachinja maitiro ekuita kwavo uye yakaita kuti zvikwanise kudzivirira kupenga. Semuenzaniso, iyo UN Committee pamusoro peKubvisa rusarura kuvakadzi (CEDAW) inoda kuti Russian Federation iparadze mazano echinyakare nezve basa revarume nevakadzi, kusanganisira pakati pevatungamiriri vezvitendero, kuunza "dzidzo yepabonde", kubvisa kudzivirira kubvisa nhumbu. uye kunyoresa zviri pamutemo chipfambi [34].
MuRussian Federation, pane mitemo inodzivirira vana kubva mukusimudzira ungochani (Chinyorwa 6.21 cheMutemo Wekutonga Kuteedzera weRussian Federation) uye ruzivo rune njodzi runokuvadza kuhutano hwavo nekusimudzira (436-FZ). Zvinyorwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vana kubva ku "dzidzo yebonde", kubvunzana nezvevezvepfungwa uye vezvepabonde vanoshandisa nzira yekusimbisa ungochani, pamwe nekusimudzira "zvisiri zvechinyakare" zvepabonde paInternet.
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti masangano epasirese, kusanganisira iwo evamiriri vedzimwe nyika, anoda kubviswa kwemitemo inochengetedza vana, iyi mitemo haina basa. Roskomnadzor haina kuzvimiririra kuona zvinhu zvinoputsa mutemo. Kuti uwane ruzivo seyakaipisisa, hunyanzvi hunobhadharwa hunodiwa, uye zvikumbiro zvevabereki zvekuvharira zvinowanzo kufuratirwa. Vakadzivirirwa mapoka nenzvimbo vanobva vatangazve basa ravo vachishandisa chinongedzo chitsva.
Sosaiti yeRussia inotsamwiswa nekupararira kuri kuramba kuripo kweanopokana-nemhuri uye "LGBT" ideology, zviitiko zvevanoparadza mabloggi, maartist, uye midhiya. Iko kuunganidzwa kwekufamba kwechinyakare uye kwemhuri.
Panzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nematafura akapoterera, vezvematongerwo enyika uye vanhu vevanhu vari kuda kurambidza kuparadzira kwete kweungochani chete, asiwo transsexualism, kubvisa nhumbu, kushaya mwana uye mamwe maitiro anoderedza kugona kwekubereka kwenzanga.
Sezvo kusimudzirwa kwehukama husingaenderane uye kupihwa murume nemukadzi hazvigone kutanga pasina kubvumidzwa nesainzi uye kwekurapa kwezviitiko seyakajairwa, mamwe mashumiro eRussia enharaunda akatsigira kukwidza kweboka reScience reChokwadi kumasayendisiti, veveruzhinji uye vezvematongerwo enyika [35]. Chikumbiro, chakasainwa nemakumi ezviuru zvevaRussia, chinopa matanho akati wandei akanangana nekudzivirira vana kubva kumashoko anokuvadza uye kusiya pfungwa dzekuMadokero nezve hunhu hwepabonde.
Hapana anopokana kuti anotevera matanho evamiriri vemitemo veRussia achaperekedzwa nezvinyorwa zvisina kugutsikana zvevamiriri vekodzero dzevanhu vekuMadokero neRussia.
Tsika dzechinyakare sechiridzwa chebumbiro rekunze
Mukuru wezvesainzi weGerman-Russian Forum, Alexander Rahr, achitaura pachirongwa che "Right to Know" paTVC chiteshi, akataura mashoko emumiriri wepamusoro weEuropean wezvematongerwo enyika uyo akapindura mubvunzo pamusoro pechikonzero chekunetsana pakati peMadokero. neRussia: "Madokero ari kurwa naPutin nekuti ari kurwa nengochani." Ehe, Russia hairwisani nengochani, ichidzikamisa propaganda yehukama husiri hwetsika kuvana.
Vezvematongerwo enyika vekuMadokero vanoziva kuramba kweRussia kushandisa nzira dzekudzikisa huwandu hwekuzvarwa hunotsanangurwa nevanoverenga huwandu hwevanhu, hunoshandiswa munyika dzavo. Muchirevo chenguva refu maitirwo ekuderera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, zviitiko zvekutama uye kusangana kwevanhu, izvozvi zviremera zveEurope, zvichitungamirwa neUnited States, hazvizokwanise kusiya kupokana neRussia. Mushure mezvose, isu tinotsigira chiyero chekuzvarwa munyika medu, chinorambidza kuunzwa nekuparadzirwa kwenzira dzinoderedza mwero wekuzvarwa, tichizviisa mune yakanakira huwandu hwevanhu. Mumwe anogona kungofungidzira kuwedzera kuri kuyedza kudzikisira mamiriro acho ezvinhu, kuchinja hurumende nekuenderera mberi nekushungurudzwa kwevana nekuparadzwa kwetsika dzakatanga mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe.
Sergei Naryshkin, director weInternational Intelligence Service (SVR), akataura izvi pamusangano wepasi rose wezvekuchengetedza nyaya: nharaunda yeLBBT, inoparadzira mazano ehukadzi hwechikadzi ... pachokwadi, poindi ndeyekuti vanhu vabude mukubviswa, vachitambura nekusagadzikana kwehuropi hwevanhu vane mamiriro ekushanduka anogara achichinja. Zviripachena kuti vanhu vakadai zvinhu zvakanaka zvekubiridzira, kunyanya kana vakabata iPhone yakabatana nenetwork ”[36].
Mhinduro kumatambudziko ekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kwaive iko kuita kwemusoro wetsika dzehunhu muhupenyu hweveruzhinji hweWestern Europe. Kwete chete mauto anochengetedza, asiwo vakasununguka vanosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwemhuri mukutaura kwavo, uye dambudziko rekutama ndiro rinokonzera shanduko dzakadai [37].
Kunyangwe kudzikira kwekukosha kwekutenda uye chitendero pakati pevaEurope, chikamu chakakura chavo vachiri kuzvizivisa sevaKristu. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa nePew Research Center, makumi matanhatu neshanu evaFrance, 64% vevaGerman, 71% vevaSwitzerland ne75% yevaAustria vakapindura kuti vanozviratidza sevaKristu. [80] Masangano echiKristu, kunze kwemaPurotesitendi, haatsigire tsika dzisiri dzechinyakare (kuroorwa kwevakomana kana vakadzi, mvumo yekubvisa nhumbu). MaKaturike, kusiyana nemaPurotesitendi kuGerman, akapatsanuka, asi kazhinji anochengetedza. Zvakangodaro, machechi ese anozvipikisa kune avo vane mapapiro ekurudyi avo vanoisa pamberi xenophobic, rusaruro uye anti-maSemite zvirevo, zvinokurudzirwa nemutemo wekutama [38]. Uye zvakare, mumwe anofanirwa kufunga nezve ari kukura umma weIslam weEurope, izvo zvisingatomboshiviriri kuparadzirwa kwevanhu.
Mumakumi emakore apfuura, Central neEastern Europe yanga ichifunga nezvekuumba kuzivikanwa kwayo, uye nyaya yekutama ndiyo inokonzeresa maitiro aya. Dunhu reEastern Europe rinoumba kuzivikanwa nekuzvipatsanura kubva kune vanoenda kune imwe nyika tsika uye kunyange kubva munharaunda yeWestern Europe [39].
MuHungary, mutemo wakatanga kushanda unorambidza kusimudzira hukama husina tsika uye vanhu vanochinja-chinja pakati pevana vadiki. [40] Hungary inopesana zvakasimba nekusimbiswa kweIstanbul Convention. Mukupindura kushoropodzwa, Viktor Orban akadana chinzvimbo cheEuropean Union yekolonialist [40].
Dare reBulgaria rakati Chibvumirano cheIstanbul hachienderane neBumbiro reBulgaria. Chirevo chedare reBulgaria chinosiya pasina mubvunzo kuti "LGBT" neIstanbul Convention zvakabatana netambo yakasimba. [41]
Poland inobvisa muchibvumirano ichi. Gurukota Rezvemitemo rePoland rakati Musangano weIstanbul unokuvadza sezvo uchida kuti zvikoro zvidzidzise vana pamusoro penyaya dzechikadzi. [42] Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iro rinotonga Mutemo neJustice Party rakabatana neChechi yeKaturike uye rakatsunga kusimudzira tsika dzechinyakare dzemhuri. Chikamu chechitatu chePoland chakaziviswa nzvimbo isina LGBT, yemaguta matanhatu acharasikirwa nerutsigiro rwemari kubva kuEuropean Union.
Izvi zvakare zvinotsigira zaruriro yakataurwa naAlexander Rahr uye inoratidza maitiro eEuropean Union kumatunhu ari kuyedza kuchengetedza tsika, hutongi nekuzivikanwa kwavo, vakagadzirira zvemari nezvematongerwo enyika zvine chekuita navo. Tsika dzechinyakare chishandiso chezvekunze mutemo, asi yakapetwa kaviri.
Kushandiswa kwakajeka kwenzira dzekuita hondo yehuwandu hwevanhu yakanangana nekudzora huwandu hwekuzvarwa kweanopokana nenyika, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwe "zvisingaenderane netsika" mubumbiro rekunze reUnited States nedzimwe nyika, zvinoda kupokana nemaune.
Zviripachena kuti munyika yanhasi yakawanda, vanhu vakarasikirwa nehumambo hwavo, asi vachiziva nezve hutsinye hwekuyedzwa kwevanhu hwavari kuitirwa, vachatsvaga poindi yekutsigira mutsika uye wekutevedzera. Iwindo remukana urikugadzirwa umo munhu anogona kukwanisa kugadzira inoratidzika yemhando yemagariro mamiriro akavakirwa mutsika tsika, uye, sezviri pachena, China yakatotanga kuumba yakadaro modhi, inotsigira tsika.
Matanho ekuumbwa kwemufananidzo wezveramangwana reRussia
Kuti Russia ive muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika, zvinodikanwa kutora matanho akati wandei ekunze nekunze kwemakanzuru ehurumende. Iko kune hwaro hwepfungwa hweaya matanho, uye akaisirwa mubumbiro: Mwari, mhuri, vana netsika. Aya haazi mazano chete, asi hwaro hwekuchengetedza nyika. Russia inofanirwa kugara ichizviparadzira kunze uye nekuzviita mukati menyika.
Padanho repasi rese tinofanirwa kuongorora zvibvumirano nezvinyorwa zveUN neWHO, kuitwa kwacho kunoitirwa kugadzirisa huwandu hwevanhu uye kudzikisa huwandu hwekuzvarwa. Wongorora kutora chikamu uye shoropodza zvinyorwa zvisingaenderane neBumbiro reRussia neNational Security Strategic yeRussian Federation.
Kutanga zvibvumirano zvepasirese nemagungano asingabatanidze "mhinduro yezvinetso zvevanhu" nenzira dzekuparadza mhuri nehunhu, kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu kubva panguva yekubata, kuchengetedza dzidzo inoenderana nekusimudzira kwevanhu kunoenderana nemitemo yetsika. Semuenzaniso, Chibvumirano cheDziviriro yeMhuri padanho reRussia-Belarus Union State pamwe nekugona kwemamwe matunhu kujoina. Gadzira mapuratifomu ekukurukura nzira dzekuzadzisa zvibvumirano uye kubatana kwepasi rose.
Kubva pachigaro cheEuropean Court of Human Rights (ECHR). SaMutungamiriri weRussia V.V. Putin, "kushanda" pfungwa yekugadzira Russian analogue yedare iri [43].
Kuziva masangano epasi rese neRussia ari kuita anoparadzira-demographic propaganda isingadiwe. Gadzira nzira dzekuziva nekudzora basa remasangano akadaro.
Padanho rehurumende Izvo zvakafanira kupa yakanyanya kutsigirwa kumhuri dzine vana, kusvika pamhedzisiro yakazara yedambudziko redzimba.
Gamuchira mutemo weyunifomu yemhuri hombe uye matanho ekutsigira.
Ipai rubatsiro rwemahara rwevana vane hosha dzakazvarwa dzekuzvarwa Ipai vechidiki dzidzo yepamusoro yepachena.
Wedzera zvidzidzo zvechikoro nezvidzidzo zvekudzidza zvetsika nemagariro uye kuumbwa kwemaonero akanaka kumhuri.
Gamuchira mutemo "Pane Bioethics uye Biosafety", ichisimbisa kukosha kwakakosha kwekuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu uye hutano pamatanho ese, kubva pakubata kusvika pakufa.
Gadzira iyo "Institute of the Family" - inzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzesainzi mukati meChikoro cheSainzi chekuumba hwaro hunotsigira hunhu hwemhuri uye hutano, zvinozovandudza nzira dzekurera, dzidzo nekusimudzira hunhu hunoenderana.
Ipa veRussia masayendisiti nemukana wekutsikisa mabasa esainzi mune avo vanoongorora-vezera mabhuku pasina kutya mabasa uye mihoro. Iyo bhonasi chikamu chemubhadharo wemasayendisiti chinoenderana nezvakadai zvinyorwa. Mumamiriro e "kurongeka kwezvematongerwo enyika" uye kudzvinyirira, zvinyorwa zveWestern neRussia zvine mutsindo mukuru zvinodzivirira kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvinopesana nepfungwa yekusimudzira ungochani, transsexualism uye kumwe kukanganisa kwevepabonde, izvo zvinomanikidza kuratidzwa kwemahara kwesainzi chinzvimbo.
Taura zvakakosha pakurambidzwa kwekuparadza zvemukati kuburikidza nesocial network, mimhanzi uye midhiya mapurojekiti, uye cinema. Gadzira inoshanda nzira yekuvharira ruzivo runotyora Mutemo N 436-FZ "Pakudzivirirwa kweVana kubva kuRuzivo Runokuvadza kune Hutano hwavo uye Kubudirira." Kusungira Roskomnadzor kudzora otomatiki kubviswa kwemashoko ane njodzi kuvana nenzira yekutanga-kwekutongwa.
Kusimbisa chirango chekutyora mutemo "Pakudzivirirwa kwevana kubva kumashoko anokuvadza kuhutano hwavo nekusimudzira." Ziva kubatanidzwa mumararamiro eungochani uye "kuiswazve vakadzi" sekukonzera kukuvadza zvine mwero pasi peChitsauko 112 cheCriminal Code yeRussia Federation. Kusimbisa chirango chekusimudzira ungochani, transsexualism, kubvisa nhumbu, kushaya mwana uye mamwe marudzi ehunhu hwekudzora mune mamiriro enhamo iripo yevanhu.
Kuwedzeredza tsika dzemhuri nekuunza mamiriro ehurumende yezvinhu zvinovaka, zvakanaka.
Dzivirirai mhuri kubva mukukanganisa kusinganetsi, isa zvipingamupinyi zvakaomarara mukuitwa kweIstanbul Convention kana mimwe mitemo yakafanana.
Tichifunga nezvekuzadzikiswa kwezvikumbiro izvi, hwaro hwakasimba hwesigiro yenyika kumhuri nehunhu hwemhuri hunogadzirwa, iyo Russia ine mukana wese wekuve mutungamiri wepasi rose weanotsigira mhuri kufamba, kutsigira uye kutsigira izvo zvirevo zvinotarisira kudzivirira hutongi hwavo uye kodzero yavo yekuzvimiririra kuona iyo vector vector uye kukosha hwaro hwekuenderera mberi mberi.
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[31] Kuvharwa kwemapoka echikadzi epamhepo muChina mashereni anodaidzira kuti vakadzi 'vanamatire pamwechete'. - Url: https://www.reuters.com/world/china/closure-online-feminist-groups-china-spark-call-women-stick-together-2021-04-14/ (zuva rakawanikwa: 13.07.2021 ).
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[41] Sarudzo Nha.
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Yumasheva Inga Albertovna,
Mutevedzeri weHurumende Duma weFederal Assembly yeRussian Federation, nhengo yeDare reMhuri, Vakadzi neVana (Moscow), nhengo yeRussian Council on International Affairs (RIAC) uye kanzuru inoona nezvekunze nedziviriro Policy (SVOP) , nhengo yebhodhi reIPO "Union of Orthodox Women".