Bophelo bo botle ba kelello le ba 'mele ba batho ba LGBT

Maikutlo a 12

Liphumano tsa Bohlokoa

(1) Tšebeliso ea setsi sa ka mpeng e le setho sa botšehali e amahanngoa le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ba tšoaetso le tlokotsi.

(2) Har'a batho ba tataisang mokhoa oa bophelo ba bosodoma, banna le basali, ho na le menyetla e mengata ea maloetse a fapaneng, a tšoaetsanoang (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, joalo-joalo), le opereishene le ngaka ea mafu a kelello.

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Selelekela

Polelo e latelang ea batšehetsi ba LGBT + - mokhatlo ke polelo ea hore ketso ea thobalano e tšoanang ke mofuta oa boitšoaro ba motho 'me ka lebaka leo, ha e na phello ho bophelo bo botle. Litšobotsi tsa anatomical le 'mele tsa mmele oa motho le liphetho tsa lipatlisiso li hanana le mantsoe a tšoanang. Boitšoaro ba bosodoma bo amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehang ea li-pathologies tse fapaneng, tseo batšehetsi ba LGBT + ba sa bueng letho ka tsona.

Ha re nahana ka sehlooho sena, re tla sekaseka lintlha tse latelang: (1) litlolo tse amanang le thobalano ea batho ba bong bo tšoanang; (2) mathata a bosodoma.

Matšoao a bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso

Ho ea ka Ruthe le Santacruz (2017), palo e kholo ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale e bonts'a hore, ha ho bapisoa batho ba bong bo fapaneng, batho ba sebelisang bosodoma le mokhoa oa bophelo ba bosodoma ba tlalehile ho se lekane bophelong ba 'mele le ba kelello. Ba morao-rao ba na le mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle ho kenyeletsoa tšoaetso, ho kenyeletsa le HIV ho banna, asthma, le lefu la tsoekere ho basali (Corliss et al. Xnumx) le mafu a mang a sa foleng, kotsi e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo le mofets'e, monyetla o moholo oa ho holofala o sa le monyane. Bacha ba kotsing e khōloanyane ea ho tsuba koae le pefo. Ho na le sekhahla se phahameng sa lefu la batho, haholoholo, kotsi e eketsehang ea lefu la basali, banna le basali ba khahlapetsang, liteko tsa ho ipolaea, hammoho le maemo a sa rateheng a kelello, ao a mangata a 'ona a hlakileng kelellong ka tlhaho, joalo ka litekanyetso tse eketsehang tsa matšoenyeho, tlhaselo ea letsoalo, khatello ea kelello, khatello ea maikutlo le lefu la kelello mathata a amanang le ts'ebeliso e eketsehang ea lisebelisoa tsa kelello, ho jeoa ke bolutu botsofaling (Ruth et Santacruz 2017; Lick et al. Xnumx; Yarns et al. Xnumx) Leha taba ea hore liketso tsa thobalano tse qobelloang li baka khatello ea maikutlo kapa khatello ea kelello ha e ea ngoloa e le lefu le ikemetseng khatisong ea morao-rao ea sehlopha sa bongaka ba kelello sa American Psychiatric Association (“DSM-5”), bakuli ba bang le baoki ba ba nka e le mofuta lekhoba la tahi, joalo ka bokhoba ba ho becha (Yarns et al. Xnumx).

Likotsi tse amanang le likamano tsa botona le botšehali

Banna ba basodoma

Ho latela lithuto tse susumetsang, likamano tsa botona le botšehali pakeng tsa banna li amana le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle. Likamano tsa botona le botšehali pakeng tsa banna li tloaelana ka kamano ea botona le botšehali1; libukeng tsa mahlale le tsa molao, ho ikopanya le setho sa botšehali ho boetse ho bitsoa sodomy (Fischel xnumx, leq. 2030; Zhakupova 2015, leq. A543; Weinmeyer xnumx, leq. 916; Molao oa likahlolo tsa Israele, bonono. 347c) Boholo ba linyeoe, anal eroticism e etsoa ho kamano ea bosodoma pakeng tsa banna - anus le rectum li sebelisoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Ho latela liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa Europe tsa banna ba etsang thobalano le banna, likamano tsa botona le botšehali li ne li etsoa ho 95% ea likamano tsohle tsa thobalano, (EMIS 2010, leq. 113). Phuputso e 'ngoe e ile ea hlahloba moetlo oa likamano tsa thobalano tsa banna ba sa ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ba sa tšoaelitsoeng ke HIV, bao balekane ba bona e neng e le bakuli ba ts'oaetso ea HIV - ho ikopanya le setho sa botšehali ho ne ho etsoa ho 99,7% ea likamano tsohle tsa thobalanoRodger 2016, leq. 177).

Ntle le moo, tloaelo ea ho ba le thobalano e sa sireletsehang ea bong ba botona le botšehali ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng, ho latela mehloli e fapaneng, ke 41% (Valleroy 2000), 43% (Grov 2014), 56% (Nelson xnumx), 58% (EMIS 2010, leq. 116). Ts'ebeliso ea likhohlopo khokahanong ea botona le botšehali pakeng tsa banna e ntse e fokotseha lilemong tsa morao tjena (Hess 2017, leq. 2814; Bua 2017).

Likotsi tse amanang le litaba tsa bongaka

Rectum - karolo ea ho qetela ea ts'oaetso ea mpa ea motho - hangata e reretsoe ho bokelloa le ho pepesetsoa mantle a bonolo le a tlatsetsang. Ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo ea motho e amahanngoa le ho ba teng ha li-microorganisms tse nang le "lumen" tsa mala ho tlatsetsa ho phatloheng ha lintho tse fapaneng ho tsoa lijong (Quigley 2013) Likokoana-hloko tsena tse tsoang ho motho ea phetseng hantle ha li kenelle maling le ka lebaka la ho ba le tšitiso ea 'mele e kenyelletsang ka mpeng ea mucous le ea mala.Faderl xnumx) Ho kenella ha likokoana-hloko tse tsamaeang le mali maling ho baka mafu a mangata, ho kenyeletsa le sepsis (Takiishi 2017; Kelly 2015).

Phekolo ea ka mpeng ea batho

Sebopeho sa anatomical le tšebetso ea 'mele ea rectum ha e fane ka tšebeliso ea eona ho likhokahano tsa thobalano: tlhaloso ea ho ikopanya le setho sa botona ka ho lekana le coitus ea botšehali e hanana le likarolo tsa mmele oa motho. Le ho sebelisa likhohlopo, ho ikopanya le batho ba botšehali ho na le likotsi tse kholo ho moamoheli. Ha e pepesetsoa rectum nakong ea thobalano e sa tsoa boleloa, litho tsa eona tse bonolo lia lemala. Lisele tsena li thusa ho bokella mesifa e bonolo ha e ntse e ba lokisetsa li-excretion ka lebaka la mokokotlo oa butle-butle oa mokokotlo. Papiso ea rectum le botšehali ha e na thuso: lisele tsa rectum ha ho mohla li matla joalo ka lisele tsa botšehali, setho se etselitsoeng phetoho ea tlhaho ea ho ikatisa. Ntle le moo, tikoloho ea botšehali ka boeona e hloekile haholo ho feta tikoloho ea rectum. Botsoali bo na le litlolo tse khethehileng tsa tlhaho 'me bo tšehetsoa ke marang-rang a mesifa. Karolo e ka hare ea botšehali e koahetsoe ka membrane ea mucous e kholo, e nang le likarolo tse ngata tsa lisele tsa epithelial, tse u lumellang ho fetisa likhohlano ntle le tšenyo le ho mamella litlamorao tsa immunological tsa sperm. Karolo e ka hare ea rectum e koahetsoe ka membrane e tšesaane e nang le karolo e le 'ngoe ea lisele tsa epithelial. Lithane tsa rectum li lula li sithabetse maikutlo ha li etsa thobalano e amanang le thobalano. Le ha ho sa ba le likotsi tse hlokometsoeng, li-microcracks le li-microcracks tsa mucosa li kenya letsoho ho kenella ha microparticles ea fecal, liprotheine tsa semela le likokoana-hloko tse kenang maling.

Papiso e reriloeng ea membrane ea mucous ea rectum le botšehali. Mohloli: mtnstopshiv.org

Litsebi li hlokometse hore banna ba bong bo tšoanang ba na le lesion ea mofuta oa colon le rectum, ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e seng ea 'mele ea litho tsena (Kazal 1976) Ho rarahana ha mekhoa ena ho ne ho bile ho thoe ke lefu la bosodoma.2; e thathamisitsoe ka mokhoa o fokotsehang oa khafetsa: cosical condylomatosis, hemorrhoids, proctitis, reissal fissures le fistulas, pararectal abscesses, amoebiasis, polyps, viral hepatitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, likotsi tsa rectal, 'mele ea basele ka har'a rectum, shigellosis, ulcers rectum le lymphogranulomatosis (Owen xnumx; Kazal 1976) Bangoli ba bang ba 'nile ba nyatsa polelo ea "lefu la bosodoma" ka hore a mang a mafu ana a fumanoa ka mpeng ea basali, leha ho le joalo, bongata ba bakuli ba nang le lefu lena ke banna ba etsang eroticism le banna ba bang (Glenn 1994; Markell 1983).

Ntle le marako a rectum, anal sphincter, mesifa ea annular, le eona e na le bothata ka lebaka la phokotso eo, kantle ho ts'ebetso ea defecation, mantle a tšoarelitsoeng ka har'a rectum. An sphincter ea anal e na le molumo o itseng oa molumo le bophahamo, e khona ho otlolla hanyenyane feela ho tlosa manyena a bonolo. Ka ho lemala khafetsa, likhohlano le likhohlano, sphincter e lahleheloa ke molumo le matla a ho boloka ho koaloa ho thata.

Ho latela se boletsoeng ka holimo, re nahana ka mathata a latelang a bakiloeng ke ho kopana ha setho sa botona kapa botšehali: (A) ho kenella ha likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko tse tsoang methapong ea rectal ho kena maling le ka lebaka la likhohlano tse matla; (B) ho putlama ha mokokotlo ka lebaka la ho inama ha seretse se chesang, le ho lemala ha lebota la mala; (B) Mathata a bakoang ke karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.

A. Likotsi tsa tšoaetso

AIDS hara banna ba ratanang

Ka ho kopana ha setho sa botona kapa botšehali, kotsi ea phetisetso ea vaerase ea HIV (AIDS / AIDS) e eketseha haholo, e boetse e ntlafalitsoeng ke botenya ba mucosa ea rectal (Baggaley 2010; Belec 1995; Levy xnumx) Ha HIV / AIDS e qala ho fumanoa naheng ea United States, ka 1981, e ile ea reoa lebitso la bosodoma ka tsela e sa tobang, "ho hloka boitšireletso bo amanang le 'gay"3kaha basodoma ba ikarabella bakeng sa 90% e fetang% ea linyeoe tsohle tse sa tsoa fumanoa (Altman 1982) Ho latela Setsi sa Taolo ea Taolo ea Mafu le Ts'oaetso ea Sechaba sa US bakeng sa selemo sa 2015, banna ba etsang thobalano le banna ba ikarabella bakeng sa 67% ea ts'oaetso eohle e ncha ea HIV ho USA le 82% ea ts'oaetso eohle e ncha ea HIV ho bashanyana le banna. ka lilemo tse 13 (CDC 2015) Khafetsa ea AIDS har'a sehlopha sena sa batho ke makhetlo a 50 khafetsa lihlopheng tse ling (Bagby 2009). Kotsi ea tšoaetso ea HIV ka thobalano e sa sireletsehang ea setho sa botona le botšehali e na le linako tsa 17,25 li phahame ho feta thobalano e sa sireletsoang ea setho sa botšehali (Patel 2014).

Ho 2007, NCHP e phatlalalitse tlaleho e faneng ka lipalopalo mabapi le lefu le mabaka a kotsi a lefu (CDC 2007) Har'a palo eohle ea batho ba bolailoeng ke AIDS, ho ile ha baloa mabaka a kotsi a lebisitseng ho lefu la AIDS (mohlala, tšelo ea mali, bosodoma, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, joalo-joalo). Ho latela tlaleho ea 2007, ho ikopanya le batho ba bong bo tšoanang e ne e le eona feela tsela ea ho tšoaetsoa ke HIV ho 59,2% ea lefu lohle la AIDS (CDC 2007, p. 19), mme ho 2015 palo e fihlile 66,8% (CDC 2015, leq. 18). Lintlha tse hlahisitsoeng Sebokeng sa Naha sa NCHP ho 2010 li bonts'itse hore khafetsa tlhahlobo ea HIV e ncha har'a banna ba basodoma e phahame ho feta ea banna ba bang (CDC 2010; CDC Press Lokolla xnumx) Ho latela tlaleho ea NCHP ea selemo sa 2010, banna ba basodoma ba ile ba ikarabella bakeng sa 63% ea linyeoe tsohle tse ncha tsa ts'oaetso ea HIV tse tlalehiloeng (CDC 2012) le 67% - ea linyeoe tsohle tse ncha tsa HIV selemong sa 2015 (Nelson xnumx) Australia, banna ba basodoma ba ile ba ikarabella bakeng sa 80% ea linyeoe tse ncha tsa HIV selemong sa 2017 (Setsi sa Kirby 2017).

Hoa thahasellisa hore, ho ea ka NCHPZ e tšoanang bakeng sa lilemo tsa 2010-2016, palo ea ts'oaetso har'a batho ba bong bo fapaneng e fokotseha selemo se seng le se seng (ho 2015, mabapi le 3 000 ka selemo), ha e ntse e le har'a basodoma e ntse e sa fetohe - ka 26 000 ka selemo (CDC 2016) Ho latela hore United States basodoma ba etsa feela 2.3% ea baahi (Ward et al. Xnumx), Ts'oaetso ea HIV har'a bona e etsahala hangata makhetlo a 375 hangata ho feta hara banna ba bong bo fapaneng. Hajoale, ke 9% feela ea ts'oaetso e teng United States ka likhokahano tsa batho ba bong bo fapaneng, athe basodoma le ha ba le palo e nyane haholo, ba ikarabellang bakeng sa 67% ea ts'oaetso eohle ea HIV, le 83% har'a banna.

Tšoaetso ea HIV har'a banna United States.
Mohloli: Setsi sa Naha sa US sa taolo ea Mafu, litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea HIV, moq. 28, leqephe la 17
Tšoaetso ea HIV har'a banna United States.
MSM ke banna ba etsang thobalano le banna.
Mohloli: Setsi sa Naha sa US sa taolo ea Mafu, litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea HIV, moq. Xnumx

Setšoantšo se tšoanang se bonoa le linaheng tse ling.

Tšoaetso ea HIV har'a banna ba Australia.
MSM ke banna ba etsang thobalano le banna.
Mohloli: HIV, hepatitis le mafu a likobo Australia. Setsi sa Kirby, 2017
Tšoaetso ea HIV har'a banna ba Canada.
MSM - banna ba robalang le banna.
VVN - tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo.
Mohloli: HIV le AIDS naheng ea Canada. Tlaleho ea ho shebella ho fihlela la December 31, 2013,
Setsi sa Bophelo ba Sechaba sa Canada, November 2014
Ho ata ha HIV har'a banna ba etsang thobalano le banna ha ho bapisoa le bongata ka kakaretso, 2009 - 2013 lilemo. E ipapisitse le Litlaleho tsa Lenaneo la Naha la UN (UNAIDS 2014, leq. 5)

Ho feta moo, ka lebaka la boemo bo phahameng haholo ba AIDS bathong ba bong bo tšoanang, ba thibetsoe ho fana ka litho tsa 'mele le mali, esita le linaheng tseo ho ratana ha batho ba bong bo tšoanang ba kenelletseng bophelong ba sechaba (mohlala, USA, Jeremane kapa Netherlands) (FDA 2017).

Hape, mathata a ho kula le ho hlaseloa ke 'mele a mafu a amanang le ho itšireletsa mafung ke a mang a mabaka a ho hlaha ha hlahala e mpe ea letlalo e bitsoang Kaposi's sarcoma: naheng ea Amerika, sarcoma ea Kaposi e amanang le AIDS e bonoa haholo ho banna ba etsang thobalano le banna (Kumar 2016; PDQ 2015).

HIV / AIDS ha se eona feela lefu le tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano (STD) le tloaelehileng ho banna ba basodoma. Ho latela litlaleho tse fapaneng, banna ba basodoma ba kotsing e kholo ea li-STD tse latelang: syphilis (Toropo 2017), gonorrhea (Fairley 2017b), chlamydia le venemal lymphogranulomatosis (Saxon xnumx; Annan 2009) viral hepatitis (CDC 2015; Limone xnumx), cryptosporidiosis (Hellard xnumx), Vaerase ea Epstein-Barr (Hsu xnumx; Van Baarle 2000; Naher 1995), shigellosis (Danila xnumx; Thorpe ka Holmes xnumx, leq. 549), salmonellosis le typhoid (Amanang 2003; Baker xnumx), papillomavirus (Patel 2017) Ka tlase re tla hlokomela ka botlalo lintlha tse ling tsa li-STD tse thathamisitsoeng.

Mohloli: Litla-morao tsa mafu a likobo le ho hlahlojoa ha chlamydia England, 2017.
Bophelo bo Botle England. Tlaleho ea Tšireletso ea Bophelo Bophiri 12, Palo 20, 8 June 2018.
Syphilis

Bangoli ba bang ba bitsa syphilis hore ke seoa se secha (kamora HIV) har'a batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang (Spornraft-Ragaller 2014) Mohlala, ho latela King County ea Washington State ho Amerika bakeng sa selemo sa 1999, 85% ea linyeoe tsa syphilis li tlalehiloe har'a banna ba basodoma (CDC 1999) Boemong ba naha naheng ea Amerika, liketsahalo tsa "syphilis" tsa mantlha le tse mahareng ho banna ba basodoma li feta 46 ho feta lefu la monna kapa mosali.CDC 2010) Ho bile le keketseho ea linyeoe tse ncha tsa syphilis har'a banna ba basodoma lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng (Mayer 2017; Abara xnumx, leq. 9).

Mokotla

Ho na le keketseho ea maemo a gonorrhea ho banna ba basodoma (Fairley 2017b) Kotsi ea lefu la letsoalo ho banna ba etsang thobalano le banna e phahame ka makhetlo a leshome ho feta taba ea lefu la sethoathoa likamano tsa botona le botšehali, esita le linaheng tse nang le sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle (Fairley 2017a) Ho banna ba bong bo tšoanang, ts'oaetso ea gonorrhea e ama haholo pharynx le rectum, mme ts'oaetso e tsoela pele ka matšoao a sa bonahaleng, kapa ka kakaretso asymptomatically (Barbee 2014).

B. Likotsi tsa tšenyo ea nako le nako

Ho ea ka phuputso e kholo ea Amerika, tloaelo ea ho etsa thobalano ea setho sa botšehali ho ea pele e lebisa ho se sebetseng ha anal sphincter le fecal incinuence - encopresis (Markland xnumx).

Tlhatlhobo e kenyelelitse tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang ho batho ba 4 ba lilemo li 170-20 (basali ba 69 le banna ba 2) ... Kamora ho etsa liphetoho tse ngata bakeng sa mabaka a mang a amanang le ho hloka taolo ea mantle, ho ikopanya le setho sa botona le botšehali ho lula e le selelekela sa bohlokoa ba ho hloka botsitso ho banna (sekhahla sa ho ata: 070 , 2, ka sekhahla sa ts'epo sa 100%: 2,8-95) le basali (sekhahla sa ho ata: 1,6, ka karolelano ea 5,0%: 1,5-95) ... Liqeto: liphetho li fumanoe li tšehetsa polelo ea hore Ho ikopanya le setho sa botona kapa botšehali ke sesosa se lebisang ho ts'eng ha batho ba baholo, haholoholo ho banna (Markland xnumx).

Fecal incinuence e bua ka ho qhekella ho sa sebetseng ha lipompo tsa mala (makhopho, metsi, likhase) le ho sitoa ho liehisa defecation ho fihlela ho fihla ka ntloaneng.Paquette xnumx) Fecal incinuence e na le kotsi ea mathata a bobeli, e ka baka ho holofala le mathata a tebileng a bakuli, mme kalafo ea eona ke mosebetsi o boima haholo (Saldana Ruiz 2017) Sephetho sa likamano tsa botona le botšehali, "ka tumellano e mpe haholo", e ka ba likotsi tse mpe tsa mala tse hlokang ts'ebetso e potlakileng ea ts'ebetso ea bongaka (Altomare 2017, leq. 372). Ho kopana le motho oa bongaka maemong a mangata ho lebisa ho bohloko bo boholo (Rosser 1998; Damon 2005; Hollows xnumx; Hirshfield xnumx)

B. Likotsi Tse Amanang le Karabelo ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa Khafetsa ho Sperm

Li-antibodies tsa li-antisperm (ASA) - li-antibodies tse hlahisoang ke 'mele oa motho khahlanong le li-antigen tsa sperm.Krause 2017, leq. 109). Ho thehoa ha ASA ke e 'ngoe ea mabaka a ho fokotseha ha bokhoni ba ho ba le thipa kapa boits'oaro ba autoimmune: ASA e ama ts'ebetso ea spermatozoa, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kemiso (fetola tsela ea karabelo ea acrosomal), ho kenella le nts'etsopele ea embong (Restrepo 2013) Boithuto mabapi le mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo bo bontšitse likamano lipakeng tsa ASA le ho senyeha hoa mouoane (Krause 2017, leq. 164) Cui et al. Kamora ho etsa tlhahlobo ea meta mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa ASA le botona ba banna, e koahelang linyeoe tsa 1167 tsa bohlanya ba banna, re fumane hore maemong a 238 (20,4%) ho banna ba hlokang thari, ASA (Cui xnumx), 'me restrepo le Cardona-Maya ba supa ponong ea bona hore ASA ke sesosa sa ho hloka thari ho 10 - 30% manyalo a manyalo (Restrepo 2013) Ho ea ka Fijak et al, letšoao lena le ka ba le holimo le ho feta, hobane ho 31% ea linyeoe lisosa tsa ho hloka thari li lula li sa hlalosoe, 'me ASA le eona e ka bapala karolo ea linyeoe tsena tse sa boleloang (Fijak xnumx, 2018) Litlamorao tsa thibelo ea bokhachane ea ASA li ntse li hlahlojoa nakong ea nts'etsopele ea seo ho thoeng ente ea thibelo ea pelehi bakeng sa batho (Krause 2017, leq. 251), hammoho le ho fokotsa le ho laola palo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha (Krause 2017, leq. 268).

Bangoli ba 'maloa ba bonts'a hore botona ho rectum nakong ea puisano ea setho sa botšehali ke sesosa sa ho theoa ha ASA ka bobeli ba bong (Rao 2014Tom. 1, leq. 311; Lu 2008; Bronson xnumx) Wolff et al. O fumane hore maqhubu a ho khetholoha ha ASA ho banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang a fihla 28,6% (Wolff xnumx) Phuputso e entsoeng ke Witkin le basebetsi-mmoho e senotse khokahano lipakeng tsa boteng ba li-antigen tsa sperm le li-circulin tse potolohang maling ka har'a plasma ea mali ho banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng.Witkin 1983a) Phuputsong e entsoeng ke Mulhall le basebetsi-mmoho, khafetsa ea ho sibolla ASA ho banna ba neng ba e-na le ts'oaetso e sa sireletsehang ea ho amohela li-genital nakong ea likhoeli tsa 6 tse fetileng e ne e le 17%, le 0% ho banna ba sa kang ba etsa mabitso a joalo (Mulhall 1990) Leha ho le joalo, patlisiso e entsoeng ke Sands et al. Ha ea ka ea senola kamano pakeng tsa mabitso a batho ba bong bo tšoanang le mangolo a ASA ho banna (Sands xnumx) Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse etellang pele lefapheng la boits'oaro ba mmele oa ho itšireletsa mafung li lumela hore, leha ho na le palo e sa lekanang ea lithuto bakeng sa sephetho se sa utloahaleng, menyetla ea ASA ho balekane ba amohelang balekane ka ho kopana ha setho sa botšehali e phahame haholo (Krause 2017, leq. 142).

ASA e ka boela ea thehoa 'meleng ha tšitiso ea mali-testicular e senyeha (ho kopana le mali ka lisele tse nang le lisele tse ngata) ho etsahala ka lebaka la mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano (bona kaholimo: gonorrhea, joalo-joalo) - ho theoa ha li-antibodies tsa antiisoderm ho li-antigen tsa lisele tsa' ona tsa boloi (Jiang xnumx; Restrepo 2013; Francavilla xnumx, leq. 2899).

Ho khahlisang, spermatozoa e amanang le ASA e ka baka sebopeho sa ASA ho basali (Krause 2017, leq. 166). Taba ena ke ea thahasello e ikhethang ea mahlale le kliniki, ho nahanela data eo ho tloha 45,6% ho isa ho 73% ea banna ba basodoma ba robalang le basali (Tao xnumx; Larmarange xnumx) Banana le bangoli ba kopaneng ba qaqisa data e tšoanang thutong ea bona ea thobalano le basali ba bong bo tšoanang: ho bona, monyetla oa likamano tsa thobalano le monna oa bong bo tšoanang o ne o phahame ho feta ho basali ba bong bo fapaneng (Fethers xnumx, maqephe a 347 - 348).

Mabapi le litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa ASA bothateng ba ho hloka thari, Kirilenko et al ngola:

"... Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho hlakile hore boleng bo fosahetseng ba botona ke sesosa sa ho ba sieo ha bokhachane, empa hape bo sitisitse ntlafatso ea" mouoane, liphoso tsa lefutso, esita le mofets'e ho bana. Ho lisosa tse ngata tse khothalelitsoeng hona joale tsa ts'ebetso ea sperm, ts'enyeho ea DNA ea nyutlelie ke eona e ithutoang ka ho fetelletseng e le ntho ea bohlokoa e amang boleng ba emong, nts'etsopele ea eona le ho kenella. Meta-tlhahlobo mabapi le karolo ea karohano ea DNA e bonts'itse hore menyetla ea khaello ea bokhachane le ho holofala ha bokhachane e eketseha makhetlo a mane ka ho ata ha karolo ea sperm DNA (15-30% standard, ho latela mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng), esita le ka mora mekhoa ea ho kenella ka popelong ea vitro le ente ea intracytoplasmic sperm. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa pathogenetic oa tšenyo e joalo e nkuoa e le phehiso ea mefuta ea oksijene e sebetsang - ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, e lebisang ho spermatozoa OS. Lisosa tse atileng haholo tsa khatello ea khomo ka hara ts'ebetso ea botona ea banna ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang le a tšoaetsanoang le ASA pampitšaneng ea urogenital ea banna ... "(Kirilenko 2017).

Ehlile, thuto e hlahlobang kamano le banna ba etsang thobalano le banna e le sesosa sa kotsi ea ho ba le thari ea basali e tla hlakisa taba ena.

Ntle le mathata a ho ba le bana, ho tsamaisoa ke peō ea botona ke eona e bakang mathata a mang. Tlhatlhobo e khahlisang e entsoe ke Witkin et al.: Ho kenngoa ha 'mele ka har'a beke ka bo-ralitlama ba matona ka semela sa mmutla bakeng sa libeke tsa 15 ho lebisitse ho hlaheng ha li-antibodies ho GM1 gangliosides. Li-antibodies tse tšoanang li fumanoe ho bakuli ba AIDS ea batho ba bong bo tšoanang.Witkin 1983b), leha ho le joalo, mona, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng bakeng sa liqeto life kapa life tse sa utloahaleng.

Basodoma ba na le autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e matla (Bender xnumx; Goldsweig 1986; Morris xnumx) Morris le basebetsi mmoho ba khothalelitse hore litlolo tsa hematologic li bakiloe ke likarabo tsa mmele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung (spermogenic immune immune (Morris xnumx).

Likotsi tse amanang le mefuta e meng ea anal eroticism

Ho kenella le ho phunyeletsa ka matsoho4 - tloaelo ea ho etsa thobalano le ho kenyelletsa letsoho ka rectum (Holland xnumx, leq. 34). Ho latela tlhahlobo ea machabeng ea Europe, har'a basodoma ba kileng ba kopanela likamano tsa botona le botšehali le balekane bao eseng ba kamehla selemong se fetileng, 17,1% e sebelisitse penchene ea anal-Manual karolong e sebetsang, le 10,5% maemong a amohelang (EMIS 2010, leq. 116). Ho latela liphuputso pakeng tsa banna ba basodoma, 7% ea ba arabetseng Los Angeles, USA ba itlwaetsa ho shapa (NTS 1998) le 8% ea ba arabelitsoeng Sydney, Australia (Richters xnumx).

Ho kenella ka hare ho buka (ka matla le ka tumello) ho baka tšenyo e 'ngoe ea tšenyo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo (Capeletti 2016) Phuputsong e entsoeng har'a banna ba etsang thobalano le banna, 14% e ile ea ikoetlisa. Ho feta moo, khokahano lipakeng tsa lifeisi le HIV le mafu a likobo li se li fumanehile (Rice xnumx) Phuputso e entsoeng ho banna ba basodoma ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV le eona e bonts'itse hore ho hlapanya ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tsa tšoaetso ea HIV (Callander 2016).

Ho ikopanya le molomo kapa ho rimming5 - Tloaelo ea ho kopanela likamano tsa botona le botšehali ka ho susumetsa mooko ka leleme le melomo. Ho latela tlhahlobo ea machabeng ea Europe, har'a basodoma ba kileng ba kopanela likamano tsa botona le botšehali le balekane bao e seng ba kamehla selemong se fetileng, 64,6% e sebelisitse puisano ea molomo le 76,0% maemong a amohelang (EMIS 2010, leq. 116).

Phuputsong e entsoeng har'a banna ba etsang thobalano le banna, rimming e ne e etsoa ke 85%, mme kamano e boetse e senotsoe pakeng tsa rimming le STDs (Rice xnumx) Phuputsong e entsoeng ke Keystone le basebetsi-mmoho (1980), likokoana-hloko tsa ka mpeng li fumanoe ho 67,5% ea banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng le 16% ea banna ba bong bo fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le intestinal amoebiasis (27% le 1%, ka ho latellana) le giardiasis (13% le 3%, ka ho latellana) (Keystone 1980) Ho khahlisang ke hore 17% ea banna ba bong bo tšoanang ba neng ba le molemong ona a ne a tloaetse ho kula, empa ba se na likokoana-hloko tsa ka mpeng (Keystone 1980) Phuputso e joalo e fana ka maikutlo a hore likokoana-hloko tsa kahare ho batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ha li amane feela le tloaelo ea bong bo hlalosang, empa hape le taba ea hore li sebetsa e le pokello ea likokoana-hloko tsa mala, tse netefalitsoeng ke thuto e fetang e le 'ngoe e laoloang (Ezeh 2016) Ho ikopanya le molomo ho boetse ho amahanngoa le khafetsa e phahameng ea ts'oaetso ea mponeng ho banna ba etsang thobalano le banna (Chow xnumx, 2016; Templeton xnumx).

Basali ba basodoma

Litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ho basali li hlalositsoe le ho ithutoa hanyane ho feta bakeng sa banna - sena e le lebaka le fapaneng ke hore seoa sa HIV hara banna ba basodoma se hohetse karolo ea tau ea tlhokomelo ea bongaka. Hape, bothata bo boima ba ho ithuta ka likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ho basali ba bong bo tšoanang bo bakoa ke hore basali ba bangata ba robalang le basali ba robala le banna, mme ho fihlela 30% ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho etsa thobalano ea bong bo fapaneng.Marrazzo xnumx; Solarz 1999; O'Hanlan 1996; Skinner 1996; Ferris xnumx; Einhorn xnumx; Johnson 1987) Mohlala, thutong e fumanehang tleleniking ea STD ea Australia, ke 7% feela ea basali ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang ba neng ba re ha ho mohla ba kileng ba ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehaliFethers xnumx, leq. 348). Phuputso ena e boetse e hlahloba palo e lekanang ea balekane ba banna bophelong bohle ba bona: ho ne ho na le basali ba basodoma ba imenneng habeli ho feta basali ba bong bo fapaneng (Fethers xnumx, leq. 347). Monyetla oa ho etsa thobalano le banna ba fetang 50 e ne e le linako tsa 4,5 tse phahameng ho basali ba bong bo fapaneng ho feta basali ba bong bo fapaneng, mme monyetla oa ho robala le monna oa mosodoma ea nang le tšoaetso ea HIV kapa lekhoba la lithethefatsi ke makhetlo a 3 a phahameng.Fethers xnumx, maqephe a 347 - 348).

Ntle le mafu a likobo, ho na le kotsi ea ho fetisoa ha tšoaetso ea mala le likotsi likamano tsa botona le botšehali pakeng tsa basali. Ho ea ka phuputso ea basali ba basodoma ba Michigan, likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa basali li kenyeletsa: ho tsosa takatso ea botona le ea botšehali ka nako ea thobalano ea molekane ea amohelang - 38,1% ea linyeoe, ho ts'oaroa ka molomo - 16,9%, ho kenella kahare (ka letsoho kapa lintho) ka ho tsoa mali kapa ho soaba - 2,4%, ente ea moroto kapa makhopho ka hanong kapa botšehali - 1,7% (Bybee xnumx) Phuputsong e entsoeng ho Turin ea Italy, 95,1% ea basali ba etsang thobalano le basali e bontšitse hore ba ile le likamano tsa botona le botšehali nakong ea ho ilela khoeli (Raiteri 1994, leq. 202), le 46,1% e etsa manyolo ka mokhoa oa ho etsa thobalano (Raiteri 1994, leq. 202). Phuputsong e 'ngoe, 7% ea basali ba basodoma e bonts'a hore ba ne ba ntse ba etsa boithuto ba ho hlapanya ka molomo libekeng tse peli tse fetileng (Russel 1995) Ho latela phuputso e 'ngoe, 17% e kenella ka hare ho mpa - ho kenella ha letsoho kahare ho bosali kapa fisting ea botšehali, 29% - ho hlohlona ka molomo le 3% - ho hlaseloa ka letsoho (anal fisting)Bailey 2003, leq. 148). Phuputsong e entsoeng ke Schick le bo-mphato ba hae, khoeling e fetileng, 14,5% ea basali ba robalang le basali ba sebelisitse fisting ea vaginal (Schick xnumx, leq. 409).

Ho latela liphuputso, basali ba basodoma ba bapisa basali le ba bong bo fapaneng.Bailey 2004; McCaffrey 1999; Skinner 1996; Berger 1995; Edward xnumx), Makhetlo a 2,5 a phahame ho feta a basali ba bong bo fapaneng (Evans 2007).

Likotsi tse amanang le mathata a kelello a kopaneng

Ho 2017, sehlopha sa bafuputsi ba tsoang Univesithing ea Seattle se phatlalalitse tlhahlobo ea data ho tsoa ho Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhahlobo ea Bophelo bo Botle (2013 - 2014)Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017). Tlhatlhobo e kenyelelitse banna le basali ba 33 ba lilemo li 346 le ho feta, bao 50% e leng basali ba basodoma mme 1,34% ke banna ba basodoma (Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017, leq. 1335). Bangoli ba fumane hore basodoma ha ba bapisoa le batho ba arabang ba bong bo fapaneng ba na le menyetla e mengata ea ho phela bophelo bo seng kotsi, ba nang le mafu a fapa-fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa mafu a amanang le boits'ireletso ba mmele, mafu a ramatiki, stroke, likotsi tsa kelello, jj. (Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017).

Litlhahlobong tsa meta tse entsoeng boithuto ba potso ea hore na ho na le likamano lipakeng tsa basodoma le psychopathology hara bacha le batho ba baholo, tse phatlalalitsoeng koranteng ea Archives of General Psychiatry, ho fumanoe lintlha tse latelang:

Matšoao a kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho ipolaea a amana haufi le ho khahloa ke batho ba bong bo tšoanang (Herrell 1999, leq. 873). Ha ho na monyetla oa hore monyetla o moholo oa ho ipolaea ho banna ba bong bo tšoanang o ka bakoa feela ke tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi kapa psychology e 'ngoe e amanang le kelello (Herrell 1999, leq. 867).

Liphetho li tiisa bopaki ba hore bacha ba basodoma le ba khahlapetsang ba kotsing ea ho ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello, boits'oaro bo botle ba ho ipolaea le mathata a mang (Fergusson 1999, leq. 876).

Ho latela mohlala o arotsoeng oa ba arabileng, Gilman le basebetsi-mmoho (2001) ba balile palo e atileng khoeling ea 12 e fetileng ("12 likhoeli tse ngata") le kotsi ea bophelo "Gilman xnumx).

Ho bapisoa ha matšoao a mantlha a mafu a kelello mahareng a basali ba bong bo fapaneng le ba basodoma (Gilman xnumx).

Psychopathology Bokapele: Karabo ea basodoma / bong bo fapaneng Kotsi ea Bophelong: Basodoma / Karabo ea Basodoma
Ho sithabela maikutlo hoa morao-rao 21% / 6% 2,7
Ho tšoenyeha ka matšoenyeho 40% / 22,4% 1,8
Matšoao a sithabetsang maikutlo 34,5% / 12,9% 1,9
Mathata a amehang 35,1% / 13,9% 2,0
Ho lemalla lithethefatsi 19,5% / 7,2% 2,4

Phuputso e entsoeng ke Jorm le basebetsi-mmoho (2002) e fumane lintlha tse tšoanang mabapi le ho ata ha batho ba bong bo tšoanang ba arabelang li-pathologies tse kang ho tšoenyeha, khatello ea maikutlo, tšekamelo ea ho ipolaea le mathata a amanang le ona (Jorm xnumx).

Liphuputso tse fapaneng li senotse maemo a phahameng a mafu a kelello bathong ba bong bo tšoanang (King xnumx; Bradford xnumx; Pilara 1988).

Ho Tepella Maikutlong le Mathata a ho Tšoenyeha

Ron Stoll, mofuputsi ea hlahelletseng oa AIDS ea Amerika ka lilemo tse ngata, o boletse hore "ho na le mathata a tebileng a kelello le maikutlo a batho ba bong bo tšoanang" (E tsitsitseng xnumx). Mokhatlo oa Amerika "Gay & Lesbian Medical Association" ka thepa ea eona e bonts'a banna ba basodoma ba na le monyetla oa ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo (Silenzio 2010), e netefalitsoeng lithutong tse 'maloa (Cochran xnumx; King xnumx, 2008; Meyer 2003; Jorm xnumx; Gilman xnumx; Sandfort 2001; Fergusson 1999; Hershberger 1995; Berg 2008; Bostwick xnumx) Phuputsong e neng e le Netherlands, har'a banna ba bong bo tšoanang, maemo a khatello ea maikutlo a sithabetsang selemo sohle e ne e le linako tsa 2,94 tse phahameng ho feta har'a banna ba bong bo fapaneng, mme boemo ba mathata a ho tšoenyeha bo ne bo le linako tsa 2,61 tse phahameng (Sandfort 2001) Bafuputsi ba bang ba fana ka maikutlo a hore banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang ke bona ba etsang halofo ea linyeoe tsa mafu a kelello - 42 - 49% (Tlhokomeliso xnumx).

Ipolaea

Batho ba batona le ba batšehali ba nang le mekhoa ea bosodoma ba emela sehlopha se kotsing e kholo ea ho ipolaea (Voroshilin 2012, leq. 40). Phuputso e entsoeng ke Herrell le basebetsi-mmoho (1999) e fumane hore ho khahloa ke batho ba bong bo tšoanang ho tsamaisana hantle le matšoao a fapaneng a hakantsoeng a ho ipolaea: ho banna ba basodoma, kotsi ea ho ipolaea e ne e le linako tsa 4,1 tse phahameng, kotsi ea ho ipolaea e ne e le linako tsa 6,5 tse phahameng (Herrell 1999) Kamora phetoho ea lipalo ho lekola litlamorao tsa lintho tse kang ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le matšoao a sithabetsang, liphetho tsohle tsa ho ipolaea li ne li ntse li bohlokoa haholo ho tsa lipalo. Phuputso e entsoeng har'a bacha ba iponahatsang e le basodoma e senoletse palo e phahameng haholo ea ba ipolaeang le liteko tsa ho ipolaea har'a bona (Mathy xnumx) ho feta hara bacha ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho 2008, liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo tsa lipalo li ile tsa phatlalatsoa, ​​nakong eo ho neng ho sebetsoa lipapatso tse fetang 13 tse likete ka taba ena, ka lebaka leo lithuto tse entsoeng hantle ka ho fetisisa li khethiloe le ho ithutoa ke 25 (King xnumx) Ho fumanoe hore ha ho bapisoa le kakaretso ea batho ba nang le tšekamelo ea bong bo tšoanang, ho na le keketseho e fetang habeli ea menyetla ea ho ipolaea; kotsi ea likhathatso le khatello ea maikutlo, bokhoba ba joala le lithethefatsi bo ne bo le makhetlo a le mong le halofo (King xnumx) Haholo-holo, ho arohana ha lihlopha tsa batho ba kotsing ka bong ho ile ha senola hore, ha ho bapisoa le boleng ba karolelano ea baahi, har'a banna ba basodoma, kotsi ea ho ipolaea e ne e le linako tsa 4,28 tse phahameng; har'a basali ba basodoma, kotsi ea ho ts'etsoa joala e ne e le linako tsa 4 e phahameng, mme ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho ne ho le makhetlo a 3,5 (King xnumx) Phuputsong e kholo ea Amerika, ho ile ha fumaneha hore likotsi tsa boitšoaro ba ho ipolaea, khatello ea maikutlo le ho itlhabolla (ho intša kotsi) har'a bacha ba nang le mekhoa ea bosodoma li feta likotsi tse tšoanang har'a bacha ba bong bo fapaneng, ho sa tsotelloe morabe oa ba arabelang.Lytle 2014) Likotsi tsa mathata a kelello le boitšoaro ba ho ipolaea har'a batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang le tsona li bonoa lithutong tsa Australia (Swannell xnumx; Skerrett 2015), England (Chakraborty xnumx), New Zealand (Skegg 2003), naheng ea Sweden (Björkenstam 2016) Baetsi ba LGBT + ba mokhatlo ka linako tse ling ba re data e joalo ke khethollo. Leha ho le joalo, rea hlokomela hore lithuto tse kaholimo li ile tsa etsoa linaheng tseo batho ba nang le tšekamelo ea bosodoma ba natefeloang ke ts'ehetso le ts'ireletso ea lisebelisoa tsa mmuso.

Bokhoba ba lithethefatsi

Ho latela liphuputso tse fapaneng, boemo ba bokhoba ba lithethefatsi ho batho ba bong bo tšoanang bo phahame ho feta bongata ka kakaretso, hape ha bo bapisoa le batho ba bong bo fapaneng.Padilla 2010; Halkitis 2009; Cochran xnumx; King xnumx, 2008; Meyer 2003; Jorm xnumx; Gilman xnumx; Sandfort 2001; E tsitsitseng xnumx; Fergusson 1999; Hershberger 1995), ho ea ka litlaleho tse ling, linako tsa 2 - linako tsa 3 li phahame ho feta har'a banna ba bong bo fapaneng (Cochran xnumx; Ryan xnumx; Skinner 1994; Green xnumx). Ho ea ka mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Gay & Lesbian Medical Association, banna ba basodoma ba kotsing ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi (Silenzio 2010) Ho ea ka Grant le basebetsi-'moho, banna ba bong bo tšoanang ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le mathata a ho qobella ho qobelloa le ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho feta banna ba bong bo fapaneng.Grant xnumx) Bakeng sa basali ba bong bo tšoanang, kotsi ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ka selemo e ne e le linako tsa 4,05 tse phahameng ho feta bakeng sa basali ba bong bo fapaneng (Sandfort 2001).

Bokhoba ba tahi

Mokhatlo oa Amerika "Gay & Lesbian Medical Association" o bonts'a hore har'a basodoma ho na le boemo bo eketsehileng ba bokhoba ba tahi (Silenzio 2010) Banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ba na le boemo bo phahameng ba joala bo bapisoang le ba bong bo fapaneng.Irwin 2006; Wong xnumx; E tsitsitseng xnumx) Ho theosa le lilemo, lithuto li bontšitse boemo bo phahameng haholo ba joala har'a basali ba basodoma ha bo bapisoa le basali ba bong bo fapaneng (Cassidy in McElmurry 1997; Eliason xnumx; Drabble 2005; Skinner 1996, 1994; Le teng Dan xnumx; O'Hanlan 1995; Rosser 1993; NGLTF 1993; Cabaj ka Lowinson xnumx, Cabaj 1996; Hall 1993; Finnegan ka Engs 1990; Glaus xnumx).

Maloetse a oncological

Ho na le bopaki bo matla ba hore keketseho ea mofets'e e phahame ho feta "baahi ba" LGBT + "(Boehmer le Ronit 2015). Phuputso e entsoeng ke Zaritsky le Dibble e hlahlobile sampole ea basali ba basodoma ba 370 ba nang le bo-khaitseli ba bong bo fapaneng, ho fumanoe hore basali ba basodoma ba na le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le mofetše oa popelo ha ba bapisoa le bo-khaitseli ba bona - bangoli ba khothalelitse hore sena se bakoa ke taba ea ho hloka bana le botenya har'a basali ba basodoma ba holimo (Zaritsky 2010) Anal carcinoma ke mofets'e oa rectum o amanang le papillomavirus (Breese xnumx) khahlanong le semelo sa vaerase ea HIV (Hleyhel xnumx) Khafetsa ea anal carcinoma ho banna ba tloaelanang le ba genital e phahame haholo ho feta khafetsa ho bongata ka kakaretso (Siegenbeek van Heukelom 2017; Chin-hong xnumx, 2005; Tseng 2003; Willett xnumx) Phuputsong e kholo ea Daling le basebetsi mmoho le eena ba kotsing ea ho ba le mofets'e oa anal ho banna, ba koahelang nako ho tloha 1978 ho isa 1985, ts'ebetso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali e eketsehileng e ile ea eketsa kotsi ka linako tsa 50, mme ts'ebetso ea ho ikopanya ka ho toba ho ba setho sa botšehali e ile ea eketseha ka linako tsa 33 (Etsisa xnumx) Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea meta ke Machalek et al. O fumane hore ts'oaetso ea mofets'e oa mofets'e har'a batho ba tšoaelitsoeng ba nang le ts'oaetso ea HIV ke linyeoe tsa 45,9 ho baahi ba 100 000, har'a batho ba sa rateng balekane ba bona - 5,1 ho baahi ba 100 000 (Machalek xnumx), ho bongata ka kakaretso - ho tloha 1 ho 2 ho baahi ba 100 000 (Grulich xnumx).

Tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng

Tlhahisoleseling le lintlha tse ling li ka fumanoa mehloling e latelang:

  1. Ts'oarello. Likotsi Tsa Bophelo ba Basodoma. Se senotsoeng ke Patlisiso ea Bongaka le Psychology. MassResistance, 2017
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Lintlha

1 kenyelletso ea botoneng ba molekane ea sebetsang ka hara rectum ea molekane ea amohelang

2 ea Senyesemane: "gay bowel syndrome"

3 Hajoale, tlasa khatello ea mekhatlo ea sechaba ea LGBT + litlhaloso, joalo ka litlatsetso tse kang ho se sebetse hantle ha basodoma le lefu la masapo a bosodoma li nkuoa e le khethollo. Boiteko bo boholo ba ho tlosa polelo "ho se sebetse hantle ha batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang" ho entsoe ke setsebi sa baeloji le moemeli Bruce Weller, mothehi oa National Gay Task Force (Chuck 2003, leq. 168).

4 e tsoang ho Senyesemane Lehare ke lehare

5 e tsoang ho Senyesemane "Rim" - mohatla

Laser Proctology Center "ATLANTiK" e fana kalafo ea lefu la gay bowel syndrome

Lesbianism: lisosa le litlamorao
Jan Goland mabapi le kalafo ea bosodoma (tlhahlobo ea lipotso tse ikhethang tsa video)

Mehopolo e 12 ho "bophelo bo botle ba kelello le 'mele ba LGBT"

    2. Ke setsebi sa kelello se nang le botsoalle, ke tiisa hore ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ke 'nete, empa ke thibetsoe ho bolella basodoma' nete, ho seng joalo lengolo la ka le tla nkoa. Ka hona, morao tjena 'na le basebetsi-'moho le' na re 'nile ra "bolotsana" li-gay, hobane ... Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho thusa motho ntle le ho mo bolella 'nete.

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  4. Boitsebiso bo ngotsoeng hantle ba saense bo nang le lihokelo tse khethehileng tsa mehloli. Ke leboha bangoli bakeng sa mosebetsi oa bona.

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  5. Так естественно, что при незащищённом или грубом сексе будут такие последствия. Будто бы у гетеросексуальных людей не может быть такого. Они тоже от безответственности и халатности занимаются без презервативов и болеют раком матки, ВИЧ и всем подобным. И что ж теперь, ходить и кричать, что поэтому гетеросексуалистом быть не норма? Некоторые вступают в половой контакт с презервативами, дабы избежать беременности, у геев же такие предрассудки, что, если они мужчины, то беременности не произойдёт, отсюда и проблемы, из-за незащищённости.

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