Nā ʻike nui

(1) ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka gastrointestinal tract e like me ke ʻano pili o ka iwi pili me nā pilikia olakino o kahi ʻano infectious a traumatic.

(2) Ma waena o nā poʻe e alakaʻi ana i kahi ke ʻano homose wahine, ʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine, ua nui ka nui o nā pilikia o nā maʻi like ʻole, nā maʻi ʻeha (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.), a me nā mea hoʻokūkū a me nā psychiatric.

Hōʻike

ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻe o nā mea hana LGBT + - he ʻano ʻōlelo i ka hana like ʻole o ka hana like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano pono o kahi kanaka a, ʻoiai, ʻaʻohe hopena o ke olakino. ʻO ke ʻano anatomical a me ka physiological o ke kino o ke kanaka a me nā hopena noiʻi e kūʻē i nā slogans like like. Hoʻohui ka ʻano o ka homosex i ka nui aʻe o ka nui o nā pathologies, kahi e kū mālie ai nā mea hoʻohana LGBT +.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kēia kumuhana, e hoʻokolokolo mākou i kēia mau ʻano: (1) nā maʻi male male.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻona olakino

Wahi a Naʻu ʻo Ruth a me Santacruz, ka nui o nā noiʻi ʻepekema e hōʻike ana, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā heterosexuals, kēlā me kēia kanaka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka homosexuality a me kahi moʻomeheu homosex ua hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā hana like ʻole ma ke kino kino a me ke kino. Hoʻomaopopo ka hope i nā pilikia olakino ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa, e pili pū ana i nā maʻi, me ka HIV i nā kāne, ke kahu kō, a me ka maʻi maʻi o nā wahine (Corliss et al. Xnumx) a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe, ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi cardiovascular a me ka maʻi maʻi, kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke kīnā i ka wā ʻōpio. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā Juveniles i ka uahi a me ka hana ʻino. Aia ka nui o ka make ma ka nui o ka make, ma ka mea, he nui ka hopena o ka make ma ka wahine, nā kāne bisexual, nā kāne a me nā wahine, nā ho'āʻo hoʻomalu, a me nā kūlana psychosocial, ʻo nā mea āpau e maopopo i ka psychiatric ma ke kūlohelohe, e like me ka hoʻonui nui o ka hopohopo, nā hōʻeha hōʻeha, nā pilikia noʻonoʻo, nā kaumaha a me nā manaʻo. nā pili i pili i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā mea psychoactive, loneliness in old age (Ruth et Santacruz 2017; Lick et al. Xnumx; Yarns et al. Xnumx) ʻOiai ka manaʻo o nā hana moekolohe i hoʻokaumaha ʻia i ke kaumaha pilikino a i ʻole ka haku psychosocial, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ke ʻano he maʻi kūʻokoʻa i ka hoʻopuka hou ʻana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka American Psychiatric Association ("DSM-5"), manaʻo kekahi mau mea maʻi a me nā kauka iā lākou he ʻano ʻano like ʻole lākou. ʻenehana, e like me ka pili ʻana i ka pāʻani āpau (Yarns et al. Xnumx).

ʻO nā pilikia e pili ana i ka moekolohe

ʻO nā kāne

Wahi a nā haʻawina empirical, ʻo ka pilina o ke kāne ma waena o nā kāne e pili ana i nā pilikia olakino. Hana ke ʻano o nā kāne a pau ma waena o nā kāne¹; i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema a me nā kānāwai kānāwai, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻonaninani anal-genital i ka sodomy (Fischel xnumx, p. 2030; Zhakupova 2015, p. A543; Weinmeyer xnumx, p. 916; Laws Penal Law, art. 347c) I ka nui o nā hihia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka anal eroticism i ka pilina pilikino ma waena o nā kāne - ua hoʻohana ka anus a me ka rectum i nā ʻano like ʻole. Wahi a nā hopena o kahi aʻo ʻEulopa e pili ana i nā kāne i moe kāne me ke kāne, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike anal-genital i 95% o nā pilina pilikino, (EMIS 2010, ka p. 113). Ua aʻo ʻia kekahi mea noiʻi hou i ka hana o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka kāne i nā kāne ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV, nona nā hoapili he mau mea ʻeha o ka maʻi HIV - kahi hulina anal-genital i hana ʻia ma 99,7% o nā pilina pilikino (ʻO Rodger 2016, ka p. 177).

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hana e pili ana i ka pilina anal-sex genotected ma waena o nā kāne i loaʻa i ka moe male, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, ʻo 41% (Valleroy 2000), 43% (Grov 2014), 56% (Nelson xnumx), 58% (EMIS 2010, ka p. 116). ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kondom i kahi pilina anal-genital ma waena o nā kāne ke emi nei i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei (Hess 2017, p. 2814; Unemo 2017).

ʻO nā pilikia e pili ana i ka anal eroticism

ʻO ka līkika - ka pauku hope o ka papa gastrointestinal kanaka - kahi maʻamau no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā momona a me nā ʻūpī palupalu. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kaʻina o ke kūlohelohe o ke kanaka me ka hiki ʻana o nā microorganisms simbiotic i ka lumen o ka pāmio e loaʻa ana i ka haʻalulu ʻana o nā mea like ʻole mai nā meaʻai (Quigley 2013) Kūpono kēia mau microbes i kahi kanaka olakino e komo i ke kahe koko ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o kahi palaka physiological i loko o kahi pakano mucous a me ka pā o ka ʻōpū (Faderl xnumx) ʻO ka komo ʻana o nā mea simbiotic i loko o ke kahawai e hōʻeha i nā maʻi like ʻole, me ka sepsis (Takiishi 2017; Kelly 2015).

ʻAʻole hoʻolako ka hana anatomical a me ka hana physiological o ka rectum no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pilina pili: ʻo ka hoʻohalike ʻana o ka pilina anal-genital e like me ka vagitus coitus kue i ka anatomical a me nā mea ola o ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻOiai ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka kondom, kahi pānaʻi anal-genital e hāpai i nā pilikia nui, no ka mea loaʻa wale nō. Ke ʻike ʻia i ka ʻalaʻeha i ka hana o ka moʻo ʻana i ka wahine, ua ʻeha kona mau ʻōpulu palupalu. Hāpai kēia mau ʻili i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā masa fecal palupalu i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ai iā lākou no ka excretion ma muli o ka hoʻolohi lohi ʻana i nā ʻoihana o ka ʻawa. Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻohālikelike o ka rectum me ka pūpū: ʻaʻole ikaika iki nā kiko o ke kuʻekuʻe e like me nā kiko o ka pūpū, kahi ʻāpana i hoʻolālā ʻia i hoʻolaʻa no ka hana hoʻoulu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana i ka pūpū iho i kahi maʻemaʻe ma mua o ke kai o ka rectum. He lubricants kūlohelohe maoli ka pūnao a kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻōpala o nā pū. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka vagina i uhi ʻia me ka membrane hina, ka mea i loaʻa i nā papa o nā cell epithelial, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i ke kuikū me ka ʻole o ka pale a kū i nā hopena immunological o ka sperm. Loaʻa ka ʻaoʻao i loko o ka ʻāpana me kahi membrane ʻokoʻa e like me kahi papa o ka hale o epithelial. ʻO nā lau o ka rectum i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a emi iki paha i ka ʻoihana o ka hana sex anal. ʻOiai i ka lilo ʻole o kahi pōʻino i ʻike ʻia, ka poʻe microcracks a me nā microcracks o ka mucosa e hoʻopiʻi i ka komo ʻana o nā microparticles fecal, nā huaʻai sperm a me nā microbes i ke kahe koko.

Ua hōʻike ka poʻe loea i nā lōkō ka wahine he mau loina no ka ʻōpū a me ka rectum, ma muli o ka hoʻohana kino ʻana o kēia mau kino (ʻO Kazal 1976) ʻO ka paʻakikī o kēia mau ala i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo kahi maʻi homelose bowel syndrome.²; ke komo ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻina o ka pinepine: conical condylomatosis, hemorrhoids, proctitis, rectal fissures and fistulas, pararectal abscesses, amoebiasis, polyps, viral hepatitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, rectal injuries, nā kino haole i ka rectum, shigellosis, ulia. kanikana a lymphogranulomatosis (Owen xnumx; ʻO Kazal 1976) Ua pāpā kekahi poʻe kākau i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "homosexual bowel syndrome" ma ke kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau maʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā wahine, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi me kēia maʻi he mau kāne e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā anal eroticism me nā kāne ʻē aʻe (Glenn 1994; Markell 1983).

ʻO ka ʻoi aʻe o nā paia o ka rectum, e loaʻa ana i ka sphincter anal, ka uaua annular, ma muli o ka hoʻēmi ʻana o ia, ma waho o ke kaʻina hana o ka defecation, e paʻa ana nā feces i ka rectum. ʻO ka sphincter anal kahi pae pilikino a me ka elasticity, hiki ke kahe iki wale i ka minimally e wehe i nā palupalu palupalu. Me nā hōʻeha pinepine, ka friction a me ke kūpaʻa, ua pau ka sphincter i kona leo a me ka hiki ke mālama i ka pani paʻa ʻana.

Ma muli o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei, noʻonoʻo mākou i nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka anal-genital: (A) ke komo ʻana o nā microorganisms a me nā huʻi mai ke kuʻi rectal i ke kahe koko e pili ana i ka traumatic friction; (B) hōʻeha o ka fecal ma muli o ke kaʻe ʻana o ka sphincter anal, a me nā hōʻeha i ka paia o ka ʻōpū; (B) mau maʻi ma muli o kahi pane ʻokoʻa o ka sperm.

A. Nā pōpō o nā maʻi

ʻO AIDS i waena o nā kāne kāne

Me ka pilina o anal-genital, hoʻonui nui ʻia o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka maʻi o ka immunodeficiency kanaka (HIV / AIDS), kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka lawa ʻole ʻana o ka māno mucosa (Baggaley 2010; Belec 1995; Levy 1993) I ka manawa mua i ʻike ʻia ka maʻi HIV / AIDS i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i 1981, ua kapa mua ia i ka inoa homoseksual immunodeficiency, "homact-imm immuneiency (GRID)"³mai ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ʻoiʻi ma mua o 90% o nā maʻi hou i hōʻike ʻia (Altman 1982) Wahi a ka US National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCHP) no ka makahiki 2015, ʻo nā kāne ka mea nāna i moe kāne me ka helu ʻana no nā 67% o nā maʻi hou a pau ma ka USA a me 82% o nā maʻi hou a pau o ka maʻi kāne a me nā kāne. nā makahiki 13 (CDN 2015) ʻO ka pinepine o ka maʻi maʻamau o ka hui ʻana o ka poʻe he 50 ka manawa o ka neʻe ma nā pūʻulu ʻē aʻe (Bagby 2009). ʻO ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi HIV me ka pelekane paʻa ʻole ʻana ma ke ʻano he sex XINUMX ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka sex vaginal protot.Patel 2014).

Ma 2007, hoʻopuka ka NCHP i kahi hōʻike i hāʻawi i nā helu helu no ka maʻi ma ke kino a me nā hihia e pili ana i ka make ma mua.CDN 2007) I waena o ka huina o ka make mai ke AIDS, ua helu ʻia nā mea pilikia e pili ana i ka maʻi AIDS (no ka laʻana, ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke koko, ka homosexuality, addiction drug, etc.). Wahi a 2007 hōʻike, ʻo ka pilina o ka kāne pono ke ala e lilo ai i ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi ma 59,2% o nā mea a pau o ka maʻi o ka maʻi AIDS (CDN 2007, p. 19), a ma 2015 ke kiʻi hiki i 66,8% (CDN 2015, ka p. 18). Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i ka National NCHP Conference ma 2010, ʻo ka pinepine o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi HIV hou i waena o nā kāne ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa ma mua o 44 ma mua o nā kāne ʻē aʻe (CDN 2010; Kālā CDC Hoʻokuʻu i kahi xnumx) Wahi a ka NCHP hōʻike no ka makahiki 2010, hōʻike nā kāne male i ka 63% o nā hihia hou a pau o ka maʻi HIV i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (CDN 2012) a me 67% - nā hihia hou āpau HIV i 2015 makahiki (Nelson xnumx) Ma Australia, hōʻike nā kāne gay no 80% o nā hihia HIV hou i ka makahiki 2017 (ʻO Ke Kulanui ʻo Kirby).

Mahalo ʻo ia, e like me nā makahiki ʻo NCHPZ no 2010-2016 mau makahiki, ʻo ka nui o nā maʻi i waena o nā heterosexuals e emi ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki (ma 2015, e pili ana iā 3 000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki), ʻoiai ma waena o nā kāne i kū ʻole ia i ke ʻano - e pili ana iā 26 000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki (CDN 2016) Hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻopaʻa i nā 2.3% wale nō o ka heluna kanaka (Ward et al. Xnumx), ʻO ka maʻi HIV i waena o lākou e pili ana i nā manawa 375 mau manawa pinepine ma mua o nā heterosexuals. I kēia manawa, ʻo 9% wale nō nā maʻi i ka United States e hele mai ma o ka kontak heterosexual, ʻoiai nā kāne Pelekane, ʻoiai ko lākou helu liʻiliʻi, he kuleana no ka 67% o nā maʻi āpau o HIV, a no 83% i waena o nā kāne.

ʻIke ʻia kekahi kiʻi like like i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka ulu nui o ka maʻi AIDS i waena o nā kāne, ʻo lākou ka pāpā ʻia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hui a me ke koko, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka homosexuality i loko o ke ola lehulehu (no ka laʻana, USA, Germany a me Netherlands paha) (FDA 2017).

Eia kekahi, ʻo AIDS a me nā pilikia maʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano he kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi maʻi ʻeha kino i kapa ʻia ʻo Kaposi's sarcoma: i USA, ʻike ʻia ka sarcoma a Kaposi e pili ana i ka maʻi SIDA ma waena o nā kāne i moe kolohe me nā kāne (Kumar 2016; PDQ 2015).

ʻAʻole ʻo ka maʻi HIV / AIDS wale nō ka maʻi lōkeke (STD) i maʻamau no nā kāne kāne. Wahi a nā manaʻo like ʻole, he nui ka piʻipiʻi kāne i nā ʻōhua like ʻole o kēia STD: syphilis (Kūloko 2017) nō mea ʻaihue (ʻO Fairley 2017b), chlamydia a me venereal lymphogranulomatosis (Saxon xnumx; Annan 2009) hepatitis viral (CDN 2015; Lim xnumx), keikohakohiosis (Hellard xnumx),) Epstein-Barr virus (Hsu xnumx; Van Baarle 2000; Naher 1995), shigellosis (Danila xnumx; Thorpe i Holmes xnumx, ka p. 549), salmonellosis a me typhoid (Reller 2003; Mea hoʻohana Bnaka xnumx), papillomavirus (Patel 2017) Ma lalo aʻe mākou e hoʻomaopopo i kahi kikoʻī i kekahi o nā papa inoa inoa inoa inoa.

Nā Syphilis

Ua kāhea kekahi mau mea kākau i nā syphilis i kahi maʻi hou (ma hope o ka maʻi HIV) i waena o nā kāne male (Spornraft-Ragaller 2014) No ka laʻana, e like me ka King County o Wakinekona State ma ʻAmelika no 1999 makahiki, ʻo 85% o nā hihia he nui o ka syphilis i hōʻike ʻia i waena o nā kāne male (CDN 1999) Ma ka pae aupuni i loko o ʻAmelika, ka ulu ʻana o ka syphilis mua a me ka lua i waena o nā kāne kāne ʻoi aku ma mua o 46 ma mua o ka heterosexual (CDN 2010) Ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā hihia syphilis i waena o nā kāne male i nā makahiki i hala iho nei (Mayer 2017; Abara xnumx, ka p. 9).

ʻO Gonorrhea

Aia ka mahuahua i ka uluʻana o gonorrhea i waena o nā kāne homosolo ((ʻO Fairley 2017b) ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i ka gonorrhea i waena o nā kāne ka mea moe kāne me ke kāne he ʻumi a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka gonorrhea i ka launa male heterosexual, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā ʻāina me kahi papa mālama ola olakino (Keawe 2017a) I nā kāne kāne i ka homosexual, ua pā ka maʻi gonorrhea i ka pharynx a me ka rectum, a hele mai ka maʻi me nā hōʻailona implicit, a i ʻole asymptomatically (Barbee 2014).

B. Nā meaʻino o ka hōʻino i ka sphincter anal

Wahi a kahi noiʻi nui ʻAmelika, ʻo ka hana maʻamau o ka moekolohe anal-genital e alakaʻi i ka hana o ka sphincter anal a me ka incecination fecal - encopresis (Markland xnumx).

Loaʻa ka ʻikepili i ka ʻikepili mai ka poʻe 4 o 170-20 mau makahiki (69 wahine a me 2 kāne) ... Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono multivariate no nā kumu ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka incontinence fecal, ua lilo ka pilina anal-genital i mea wānana nui i ka hiki ʻole o ka fecal i nā kāne (prevalence rate: 070 , 2, me kahi 100% manawa hilinaʻi: 2,8-95) a me nā wahine (prevalence: 1,6, me kahi manawa hilinaʻi 5,0%: 1,5-95) ... Panina: ua kākoʻo nā hopena i kākoʻo i ka ʻōlelo i ʻO ka pili anal-genital kahi mea e alakaʻi ai i ka incontinence fecal i nā mākua, keu hoʻi i nā kāne (Markland xnumx).

ʻO ka incontinence Fecal e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻuʻoleʻana o nā kumuhana i nā ʻōpū (palupalu, wai wai, kaʻaila) a me ka hikiʻole ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka defecation a hiki i ka wa kī (Paquette xnumx) Ke lawe nei ʻo ka incentinence Fecal i ka hopena o nā hoʻopiʻi kūloko, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pilikia a me nā pilikia pilikino ponoʻeha o nā maʻi, a he hana paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana (Saldana Ruiz 2017) ʻO ka hopena o ka moe kolohe anal-male, "ma ka ʻae ʻana i ke ʻano he nui ʻole kekahi", he mea nui paha ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū e koi ana i ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i ka wikiwiki.ʻĀkau 2017, ka p. 372). Hoʻopili ke kenal-genital i nā hihia he nui i ka hōʻeha nui (Rosser 1998; Damon 2005; Hollows xnumx; Hirshfield xnumx)

B. Hōʻailona e pili ana me ka pane ʻana mai i ka Immune i Sperm

Antisperm antibodies (ASA) - nā antibodies i hana ʻia e ke kino kanaka e kū i ka antigens sperm (Krisis 2017, ka p. 109). ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ASA kekahi o nā kumu no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka momona a i ʻole ka autoimmune infertility: pili ka ASA i ka hana o ka spermatozoa, hoʻonāukiuki i nā hana hoʻomalu (hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hopena acrosomal), implantation a me ka hoʻomohala o ka ʻōpū.Restrepo 2013) Ua hōʻike nā noiʻi i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole i kahi pilina ma waena o ASA a me ka embryo degeneration (Krause 2017, p. 164) Cui ʻae al. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi meta-kaohi o ka pilina ma waena o ka ASA a me ka maʻi male, ka mea e uhi nei i nā hihia 1167 o ka maʻi male kāne, ʻike mākou aia i nā hihia 238 (20,4%) i nā kāne kīnā ʻole, ʻo ASA (Cui xnumx), a me Restrepo a me Cardona-Maya ke hōʻike nei i ko lākou loiloi ʻo ASA ke kumu o ka hōʻeha ma 10 - 30% mau hoa male (Restrepo 2013) Wahi a Fijak et al, hiki i kēia ke kuhikuhi ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe, ʻoiai ma 31% o nā hihia ke hoʻomau ʻole ʻia nei nā kumu o ka infertility, a hiki i ka ASA ke hana i ke kuleana i kēia mau hihia i hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia (Fijak xnumx, 2018) Ke nānā ʻia nei nā hopena contraceptive o ASA i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i kapa ʻia nā mea i kapa ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻa mau no nā kānaka (Krisis 2017, p. 251), me ka hoʻoki ʻana a kāohi i ka nui o nā mea hihiu (Krisis 2017, ka p. 268).

A hōʻike ka nui o nā mea kākau e komo ana ka sperm i ke rectum i ka wā o ka pilina anal-genital e hoʻohana ai i ka ASA i nā kāne like ʻole.Rao 2014Tom. 1, p. 311; Lu 2008; Bronson xnumx) Wolff et al. ʻIke ka loaʻa o ke alapine o ka ʻike ʻana i ka ASA i nā kāne i ka wahine i hele aku o 28,6% (Wolff xnumx) Ke hōʻike nei ʻo Witkin a me nā hoa hana i hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antigens sperm a me ka hoʻopuni ʻana i nā ʻōwili pale i ke koko plasma i nā kāne male i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā heterosexuals (Witkin 1983a) Ma kahi noiʻi e Mulhall a me nā hoa hana, ʻo ka pinepine o ka ʻike ʻana i ka ACA i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole i ke kelepona ʻana i ke kelepona a me nā kāne ma 6 ka mahina hope loa, ʻo 17%, a ʻo 0% i nā kāne nāna i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēlā mau paʻi (Mulhall 1990) Eia naʻe, he haʻawina e Sands et al. ʻAʻole i hōʻike i kahi pilina ma waena o nā pilina pilikino a me nā titel ASA i nā kāne (Nā kikowaena xnumx) Eia nō naʻe, ke manaʻo nei ka poʻe alakaʻi i ka loea o ka maʻi papakū e, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i lawa ka nui o nā haʻawina no ka hopena ʻole, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ASA i nā kāne ʻoluʻolu kāne i loko o kahi pilina kelepaʻi-anal.Krisis 2017, ka p. 142).

Hiki iā ASA ke puʻupuʻu i loko o ke kino i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻi koko-testicular (pili ʻia ke koko me nā cell semigenic) ma muli o nā maʻi hoʻonaninani (e nānā ma luna: gonorrhea, etc.) - ke ʻano o nā antisperm antibody i nā antigens o kā lākou mau kuleana sperm (Jiang xnumx; Restrepo 2013; Francavilla xnumx, ka p. 2899).

ʻO ka mahalo, ʻo ka spermatozoa i pili me ASA e hiki ke kumu i ka hoʻokumuʻana o ASA i nā wahine (Krisis 2017, ka p. 166). ʻO kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo he mea kūikawā ʻepekema a me nā makemake koʻikoʻi, e nānā ana i ka ʻikepili mai ka 45,6% a i 73% o nā kāne male i moe kāne me nā wahine (Tao xnumx; Larmarange xnumx) Nā pēpē a me nā mea kākau inoa i nā haʻawina like i kā lākou aʻo ʻana i ka hana pilikino i nā wahine pelekane: no lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka launa ʻana i ka wahine i kahi kāne i ka wahine he mau kāne.Nā lālani xnumx, nā ʻaoʻao 347 - 348).

E pili ana i nā hopena lōʻihi loa o ASA i ka pilikia o ka hoʻonāukiuki, ʻo Kirilenko et al e kākau ai:

"... I kēia mau makahiki i hala, ua lilo ka mea i ka maikaʻi o ka sperm kumu ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hapai ʻana, akā hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embryo, anomalies congenital, a me ka maʻi kanesa i nā keiki. ʻO nā kumu nui i hāpai ʻia i ke kumu o ka sperm function sperm, ka hanaʻino o ka nukula DNA ka mea i aʻo ʻia a nui ka ʻike e like me nā mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka embryo, kona hoʻomohala a me ka implantation. Hōʻike ʻo Meta-pili i ka hana o ka fragmentation o DNA i hōʻike i ka nui o ka hōʻemi o ka hōʻiliʻili spontan a me nā maʻi hoʻomohala a kaʻi ʻana i ka nui i ʻehā mau manawa me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻai DNA sperm (15-30% maʻamau, e pili ana i nā hana i hoʻohana ʻia), ma hope o nā ʻano o ka hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻōla a ka intracytoplasmic sperm injection. ʻO ke alakaʻi alakaʻi pathogenetic o nā pōʻino e mālama ʻia ana ka hana nui o nā mea oxygen reaktate - ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, ke alakaʻi nei i ka spermatozoa OS. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ka pīhoihoi oxidative i loko o ka ʻōpiopio o ka kāne male maʻi nā maʻi a me nā maʻi a me nā ASA i ke kāne urogenital tract ... "(Kirilenko 2017).

ʻOiaʻiʻo, kahi loiloi loiloi e pili ana i ka pilina me nā kāne a i wahine kāne me ke ʻano he hopena no ka maʻi wahine e wehewehe i kēia pilikia.

Ma kahi o nā pilikia kīlaha, ʻoi paha ka hoʻokele rectal o ka sperm i ke kumu o nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. Ua nānā ʻia kekahi e Witkin et al .: i kahi insalination rectal insemination o nā kāne kāne me ka pīpī sperm no 15 wiki i alakaʻi ʻia ai nā antibodies e ka gangliosides GM1. Loaʻa nā ʻano like like ʻole i nā maʻi ʻo Sitisosa kāne (Witkin 1983b) Eia naʻe, ma kēia hihia, pono ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻana no nā manaʻo hoʻoholo ʻole.

ʻO ka pono nā kāne i nā kāne he autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi (Mālama xnumx; 1986 ʻo Goldsweig; Morris xnumx) Ua manaʻo ʻo Morris a me nā hoa hana i nā abnormalities hematologic ma muli o nā pane kūloko o ka spermogenic (Morris xnumx).

ʻO nā pilikia e pili ana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka anal eroticism

Anal a manual penetration a kele paha⁴ - ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka lima i ka līkohu (Hōʻike xnumx, ka p. 34). Wahi a ka hoʻokolohua ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, i waena o nā kāne i manaʻo i ka moe kolohe me nā hoa hana ʻole i kēia mau makahiki i ka makahiki i hala, ua hana ʻo 17,1% i ka hana anal-manual i ka hana ikaika, a me 10,5% i ka hana ʻoluʻolu.EMIS 2010, ka p. 116). Wahi a nā noiʻi ma waena o nā kāne hana, 7% o nā mea pane i Los Angeles, USA hoʻomaʻamaʻa fisting (NTS 1998) a me 8% o nā poʻe pane i Sydney, Australia (Australia)Owana xnumx).

ʻO ka komo ʻana i ke anal-manual (ma o ka ikaika a ma ka ʻae ʻana) alakaʻi i kekahi nui o ka pohō anatomical a me ka hana nui ʻana i ka digestive tract (Capeletti 2016) Ma kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia i waena o nā kāne i moe kāne me nā kāne, 14% hoʻomaʻamaʻa fisting. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pilina ma waena o nā fisting a me HIV a me STDs (ʻOice xnumx) Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ma waena o nā kāne kāne i maʻi ʻia me ka maʻi maʻi o HIV.Kāhea iā 2016).

Anal-oral contact a rimming⁵ - ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pilina pilikino me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻuʻuku me ka lehelehe a me nā lehelehe. Wahi a ka hoʻokolohua ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, i waena o nā kāne i manaʻo i ka moekolohe me nā hoa hana ʻole i kēia mau makahiki i ka makahiki i hala, ua hana ʻo 64,6% i ka pilina anal-waha a me 76,0% i ka hana ʻoluʻolu.EMIS 2010, ka p. 116).

Ma kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia i waena o nā kāne i moe kāne me nā kāne, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka rimming e 85%, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka rimming a me STDs (ʻOice xnumx) Ma kahi noiʻi ʻana e Keystone a me nā hoa hana (1980), ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā puʻuwai i 67,5% o nā kāne ʻoi aku a me 16% o nā kāne heterosexual, me ka haʻahaʻa amoebiasis (27% a me 1%, pakahi) a me giardiasis (13% a me 3%, kēlā)Kahihi 1980) ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo ka 17% o nā heterosexual i loko o kēia hoʻohālike e hana ai i ka anilingus, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū (Kahihi 1980) Hōʻike ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka pili ʻana o nā parasitose i loko o nā kāne o nā kāne like ʻole i ka lawelawe o ka anal eroticism, akā pū kekahi me ke ʻano o ke kumu hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana.Ezeh 2016) Hoʻopili pū kekahi hui pili anal-oral i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi gonorrheal o ka pharynx i nā kāne i nā kāne me ka wahine (Chow xnumx, 2016; Templeton xnumx).

Wahine wahine

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena olakino o ka noho kāne i ka wahine i kahi wahine ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne - eia kekahi ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi HIV i waena o nā kāne kāne i hopu i ka liona o ka mālama o ka maʻi lapaʻau. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia olakino ma waena o nā wāhine pelekane he wahine ʻo ka manaʻo o ka hapanui o nā wahine i hana i ka wahine me ka kāne, a hiki i 30% e hoʻomau lākou i ka hana heterosexual (Marrazzo xnumx; ʻO Solarz 1999; O'Hanlan 1996; ʻĀpana 1996; Ferris xnumx; Einhorn xnumx; Johnson 1987) No ka laʻana, ma kahi noiʻi ma kahi keʻena ʻo STD no Australia, ʻo 7% wale nō o nā wahine pelekane i ʻōlelo ʻole i loaʻa iā lākou ka moe heterosexual (Nā lālani xnumx, ka p. 348). Ua nānā pū ʻia kēia noiʻi ʻana i ka helu awelika o nā hoa kāne ma waena o ke ola hoʻokahi: ʻelua mau manawa ʻelua i mau wahine pelekane e like me nā wahine heterosexual (Nā lālani xnumx, ka p. 347). 'O ka oi aku o ka wahine me ka wahine ma mua o 50, he mau manawa 4,5 ka mea i oi aku no nā wahine heʻe' ole 'aku ma mua o nā wahine heterosexual, a me ka wahine i hoʻolilo paha i ka wahine kāne i hōʻea' ole i ka HIV a i ka mea inu 'ole paha he 3 manawa nui aʻe (Nā lālani xnumx, nā ʻaoʻao 347 - 348).

Ma kahi o ka STD, aia kahi hopena o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū a me nā mea hōʻeha ma ka moe kolohe i ka wahine. Wahi a kahi loiloi o nā kāne Pelekane ma Michigan, ka wahine ʻikepili Pelekane ka wahine: ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka vaginal-waha i ka wā o ke kuhi ʻana o ka hoa aloha. 38,1%, injection o ka urine a i ʻole ka feces i loko o ka waha a i ʻole ka hoʻowalewale - 16,9% (Bybee xnumx) I loko o kahi noiʻi ma Italia Turin, 95,1% o nā wahine i moe kolohe ʻia me nā wāhine i hōʻike ʻia he male kolohe lākou i ka wā hana kāne (Raiteri 1994, p. 202), a me 46,1% hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa anus i ka moena pili i ka moe kolohe (Raiteri 1994, ka p. 202). Ma kekahi haʻawina, 7% o nā wahine hānai wahine i hōʻike ua hana lākou i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa anal-waha i loko o nā pule ʻelua i hala.Russel 1995) Wahi a kekahi noiʻi hou, hoʻomaʻamaʻa 17% manual manual-vaginal penetration - hoʻokomo i ka lima i loko o ka pūpū a i ʻole vagist fisting, 29% - stim-anal stimitation, a me 3% - anal fisting (Bailey 2003, ka p. 148). Ma kahi noiʻi e Schick a me nā hoa hana, fisting fisting ma mua o ka malama i hala ua hana ʻia e 14,5% o nā wahine i ʻae me nā wahine (Schick xnumx, ka p. 409).

Wahi a nā haʻawina, ʻo nā wahine Pelekikena kekahi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahine heterosexual, he nui o ka nui o ka maʻi bacterinosis (Bailey 2004; McCaffrey 1999; ʻĀpana 1996; Berger 1995; Edwards xnumx), 2,5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā wahine heterosexual (Kūlana 2007).

ʻO nā pilikia e pili ana i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo concomitant

Ma 2017, kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi mai ke University of Seattle i paʻi i kahi kaikepili o ka ʻikepili mai ka National Health Interview Survey (2013 - 2014)ʻO Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017). Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kālailai me 33 kāne a me nā wahine he 346 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki, a he 50% he wahine moe kolohe a ʻo 1,34% kāne kāne kāne kāne.ʻO Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017, ka p. 1335). Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kākau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike i ka pane ʻana o nā heterosexual i mau ʻano ola maikaʻi ʻole, i hōʻeha ʻia i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, me nā keʻe ʻana o ka maʻi, nā mea maʻi rheumatic, nā hōʻeha, nā maʻi noʻonoʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO Fredriksen-Goldsen 2017).

Ma ka meta-analect i hoʻomau i ka noi ʻana i ka nīnau no ka mea he pilina ma waena o ka moe a me ka psychopathology ma waena o nā poʻe'ōpio a me nā pākeke, i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke nūpepa Archives of General Psychiatry, ua loaʻa ka ʻike i ʻike ʻia.

Nā hōʻike hōʻike i ke ala e hoʻonui ana i ka makeʻe e pili pono ana i ka mea hoʻohemo kāne (Herrell 1999, ka p. 873). He kīnā ʻole ka piʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hanana suicidal i ka kāne i nā kāne male i kahi kūpono no ka hōʻino kino a i ʻole kekahi concomitant psychiatric pathology (Herrell 1999, ka p. 867).

Hōʻike nā hopena i nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia ai ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā bisexual ka nui o ka pilikia o nā pilikia olakino, i ka ʻano kūikawā a me ka maʻi ʻē aʻe (Fergusson 1999, ka p. 876).

Kahi a i ke kumu maʻamau o nā poʻe pane, Gilman a me nā hoa hana (2001) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka maʻi ma nā mahina 12 i hala iho nei ("12 months prevalence") a me ka mālama ola ("palena ola") i ka heterosexual a me nā male male (Gilman xnumx).

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o nā hōʻailona nui o nā maʻi psychiatric ma waena o ka heterosexual a me nā wahine pelekane (Gilman xnumx).

Psychopathology	Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: nā pane o ka homosexual / heterosexual	Ola wīwī: Kelepona Pale / Heterosexual
ʻO ka maʻi kaumaha ma hope-traumatic	21% / 6%	2,7
ʻO ka hopohopo kaumaha	40% / 22,4%	1,8
ʻO ka maʻi kaumaha	34,5% / 12,9%	1,9
ʻO nā maʻi kūpono	35,1% / 13,9%	2,0
Hoʻohui i nā lāʻau lapaʻau	19,5% / 7,2%	2,4

ʻO kahi haʻawina e Jorm a me nā hoa hana (2002) loaʻa nā ʻikepili like i ka nui o ka nui i waena o nā poʻe pane o ka homosexual e pili ana i nā ala e like me ka hopohopo kaumaha, ke kaumaha, ka suicidal tend a me nā maʻi pehu.Jorm xnumx).

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi psychiatric ma waena o nā kānaka pelekane (Aliʻi xnumx; Bradford xnumx; Pillard 1988).

ʻO nā māhuahua a me nā pilikia e pili ana

Ua haʻi ʻo ʻo Ron Stoll, kahi mea noiʻi nui ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā makahiki he nui "i loaʻa ka pilikia koʻikoʻi psychosocial i waena o nā kāne like ʻole" (Konohi xnumx). ʻO ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo "Gay & Lesbian Medical Association" i loko o kāna kumuwaiwai e hōʻike ana e ʻoi aku ka pilikia o nā kāne kāne male mai ke kaumaha a me nā maʻi hopohopo (Silenzio 2010), ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ma kekahi mau haʻawina (Cochran xnumx; Aliʻi xnumx, 2008; Meyer 2003; Jorm xnumx; Gilman xnumx; Sandfort 2001; Fergusson 1999; ʻUraʻa 1995; Berg 2008; ʻO Bostwick xnumx) I kahi haʻawina ma Netherlands, ma waena o nā kāne homose, ʻo ka ulia o nā pilikia kaumaha i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻo 2,94 nā manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka poʻe heterosexual, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hopohopo i ke kaumaha ʻo 2,61 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe (Sandfort 2001) Ke manaʻo nei kekahi poʻe noiʻi e hana i nā kāne ʻoi aku ka hapalua o nā hapa o nā maʻi psychiatric - 42 - 49% (ʻErlelo xnumx).

Ke pepehi kanaka

ʻO nā poʻe o nā kāne ʻelua me ke kapa o ka kāne like ʻole e hōʻike i ka hui me ka kiʻekiʻe loa o ka makeʻe ʻana (Voroshilin 2012, ka p. 40). Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina e Herrell a me nā hoa hana (1999) ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine like ʻole i ka hōʻuluʻulu kanaka me nā ʻōhua like ʻole o nā maʻi suicidal: no nā kāne male, ka hopena o ka manaʻo suicidal he 4,1 mau manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka make ʻana o ka pepehi kanaka.Herrell 1999) Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono helu ʻana e loiloi i nā hopena o nā mea like e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā maʻi maka, ua ʻike nui ʻia nā hopena suicidal āpau. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina i waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio e ʻike iā lākou iho he mau kāne like ʻole.Mathy xnumx) ma waena o nā poʻe ʻōpio heterosexual. Ma ka makahiki 2008, ua paʻi ʻia nā hualoaʻa o kahi helu kākuhi helu helu, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ma mua o 13 o nā kaukani o ka nui o nā nūpepa e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, ma kahi o nā hoʻokele kūpono loa i hana ʻia a koho ʻia e 25 (Aliʻi xnumx) ʻIke ʻia ia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka lehulehu ākea o ka poʻe me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka kāne, ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana suicidal; ʻo ka hōʻeha o ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo i ke kaumaha, ka waiʻona a me ka hoʻohui lāʻau i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa iʻoi aku ka nui (Aliʻi xnumx) Ma keʻano pilikino, ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā pūʻulu mōʻī e ka wahine i hōʻike ʻia, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, ma waena o nā kāne homosolo, ʻoi ka nui o ka pepehi ʻana i ka manawa ʻo 4,28; i waena o nā wahine pelekane, ʻo ka nui o ka hōʻemi i ka waiʻona he 4 mau manawa iʻoi aku, a ʻo ka hoʻohui lāʻau lapaʻau ka 3,5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe (Aliʻi xnumx) I loko o kahi noiʻāina ʻAmelika nui, ua loaʻa ka hopena i ka pili o ka hanana suicidal, ka maʻi kaumaha a me ka hoʻonaninani (iho i ka hōʻino kino) ma waena o nā poʻe ʻōpio me nā koina i ka wahine iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻōpiopio heterosexual, me ka ʻano o ka lāhui o nā mea pane (Lytle 2014) Kuhi ʻia nā pilikia o ka pilikia o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka lawena hoʻopukapuka i waena o nā kāne o nā kāne i nā hana ma Australia.Swannell xnumx; Skerrett 2015), i ʻEnelani (Chakraborty xnumx), i New Zealand (Skegg 2003), i Suetena (Björkenstam 2016) ʻO LGBT + nā mea hoʻokau o ka neʻe i kekahi manawa e hoʻākāka i ka ʻikepili i ka ʻae. Eia naʻe, ʻike mākou kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā haʻawina i luna nei i loko o nā ʻāina kahi i makemake ai nā poʻe me ka makemake o ka wahine i ke kākoʻo a me ka pale o ka mea kōkua mokuʻāina.

Ke hoʻohui lāʻau lapaʻau

Wahi a nā noiʻi like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau ma waena o nā kāne o ka wahine he ma mua o ka lehulehu, a i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā kanaka heterosexual (Padilla 2010; Halkitis 2009; Cochran xnumx; Aliʻi xnumx, 2008; Meyer 2003; Jorm xnumx; Gilman xnumx; Sandfort 2001; Konohi xnumx; Fergusson 1999; ʻUraʻa 1995), e like me kekahi hōʻike, 2 - 3 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kāne heterosexual (Cochran xnumx; Ryan xnumx; ʻĀpana 1994; Kaona xnumx). Wahi a ka hui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Lapaʻau Gay & Lesbian, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lilo ʻana o nā kāne kāne kāne i ka lāʻau.Silenzio 2010) Wahi a Grant a me nā hoahana, ʻoi aku ka poʻe o nā kāne o nā kāne i ka maʻi i ka hoʻomau ʻia a me ka hoʻohui i ka lāʻau ma mua o nā kāne heterosexual (Hāʻawi xnumx) No nā wahine pelekane, ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiwai ma ka makahiki he mau manawa ʻo 4,05 ma mua o nā wahine heterosexual (Sandfort 2001).

Alikaihue

Hōʻike ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo "Gay & Lesbian Medical Association" i waena o nā homosexuals ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pae o ka ʻona (Silenzio 2010) Loaʻa i nā kāne ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻalekino hoʻohālikelike i nā heterosexuals (Irwin 2006; Wong xnumx; Konohi xnumx) I nā makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻalaka ma waena o nā wahine wahine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā wahine heterosexual (ʻo Cassidy i loko McElmurry 1997; Eliason xnumx; ʻAbblelo 2005; ʻĀpana 1996, 1994; Haas i Dan xnumx; O'Hanlan 1995; Rosser 1993; NGLTF 1993; Cabaj i Lowinson xnumx, Cabaj 1996; Hale 1993; Finnegan i Engs 1990; Glaus xnumx).

I nā maʻi oncological

Aia ma nā hōʻike ikaika e piʻi aʻe ka hopena o ke kanesa i waena o ka poʻe "LGBT +" (Boehmer a me Ronit 2015). Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo kahi haʻawina e Zaritsky a me Dibble i kahi hōʻike o nā pālua 370 o nā wahine pelekane me nā kaikua heterosexual, ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wahine ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻōlohelohe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kā lākou mau kaikuahine - ʻae nā mea kākau i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia no ka mea he keiki ʻole. i waena o nā wahine iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe (Zaritsky 2010) ʻO ka caraloma Anal kahi maʻi maʻi o ka rectum e pili ana me ka papillomavirus (Pokahi xnumx) kū i ke ʻano o ka maʻi HIV (Hleyhel xnumx) ʻO ka maʻi o ka carcinoma anal i nā kāne e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka pilina anal-genital e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona neʻe ʻana i ka nui o ka lehulehuSiegenbeek van Heukelom 2017; Chin-hong xnumx, 2005; Tseng 2003; Willett xnumx) I kahi noiʻi nui e Daling a me nā mea pili i ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanesa anal i waena o nā kāne, e uhi ana i ka manawa mai 1978 a i 1985, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kekahi wahine moeʻuhane a hoʻonui i ka hopena i ka manawa 50, a me ka hana o ka pilina anal-genital e hoʻonui ʻia ʻana e nā manawa 33 (Daling xnumx) ʻO kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analilili e Machalek et al. ʻIke ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi anal i waena o nā kāne i hele a maʻi ʻia he maʻi 45,9 ma 100 000 ka poʻe i waena o ka poʻe homoseksual - 5,1 ma 100 000 ka nui (Machalek xnumx), i ka laulā nui - mai 1 a 2 ma ka 100 000 heluna (Grulich xnumx).

Hoike hōkeo

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā kikoʻī hou aku i nā kumuwaiwai aʻe:

1. Nā luawai. ʻO nā pilikia o ke ola olakino. He aha nā hōʻike me ka noiʻi a me ka noiʻi. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa ʻo MassResistance, 2017
2. Katz KA, Hoʻolaha TJ. Nā Dermatology-e pili ana i ka Epidemiologic a me nā hopohopo haukaʻi o nā kāne e loaʻa i nā kāne me nā kāne, nā wāhine e loaʻa ana nā kāne me nā wahine, a me nā mea kūʻokoʻa Transgender. Nā ʻiveslelo lāʻau o nā dermatology. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOkakopa 2005, Vol 141, pp. 1303 - 1310
3. Boehmer U, Ronit U. ʻO ke kanesa a me ke kaiāulu LGBT. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopiʻi ʻokoʻa mai ka weliweli ʻana i ke ola ʻana. Springer, 2015.
4. Wolitski RJ, Stall R, a me Valdiserri RO. He manawa kūpono ʻole. ʻO nā hoʻohalike olakino e hoʻopili ana i nā kāne a me nā kāne bisexual i United States. ^ E Ha yM. Nu Ioka: ʻO Oxford University Press; 2008. Xnumx p
5. Holland E. ʻO ke ʻano o ka moʻomeheu: ʻo ka hoʻohaunaele no nā mea hoʻōlo o nā kāne a me ke kuleana hoʻomana. ^ E Ha yM. iUniverse. Ke Kulanui-London-Shanghai. 2004. Nā Mokuna 2, 3, 6
6. Phelan JE, et al. He aha nā hōʻike e hōʻike nei: Pane i ka NARTH i nā noi APA ma ka homosexuality He hōʻike no ke Kōmike Advisory Komite o ka National National for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality. Ka Moʻolelo O Ka ʻIke Wahine. Xnumx; Helu 1. ʻAoʻao 53.
7. Sprigg P., et al. Loaʻa iā ia kahi: nā mea a ka noiʻi e hōʻike nei wahine. ^ E Ha yM. Wakinekona: ʻĀina noiʻi noiʻi ʻohana (2004)

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Nā memo

ʻO 1 ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka penis o ka mea hana ikaika i ke kuapo o ka hoa aloha

2 English: "gay bowel syndrome"

ʻO 3 I kēia manawa, ma lalo o ke kaomi o nā hui lehulehu o ka neʻe LGBT +, nā mea wehewehe e like me ka immunodeficiency o ka pelekane a me nā maʻi maʻi homosexual syndrome ua manaʻo ʻia he kūlike loa. ʻO nā hana nui e wehe i ka huaʻōlelo "immunodeficiency of homosexuals" mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i hana ʻia e ka mea loea a me ka mea hana Bruce Weller, hoʻokumu o The National Gay Task Force (Chuck 2003, p. 168).

4 mai English Kaʻaikū ke kamao

5 mai English "Rim" - ke rim

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Laser Proctology Center "ATLANTiK" hāʻawi ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi bowel syndrome (homel bow bow syndrome):

Lesbianism: nā kumu a me nā hopena

ʻO Jan Goland ma ka mālamaʻana i ka pelekane (kūkākūkā wikiō kūʻokoʻa)