Kālai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea ma lalo nei i loko o kahi hōʻike hōʻike. "ʻO ka hopohopo o ka neʻe i ka wahine i ka mālamalama o nā ʻike ʻepekema". doi:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

Nā ʻike nui

(1) Aia kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka empirical a me nā hōʻike lapaʻau i makemake ʻole ʻia ai kahi hoihoi homosexual maikaʻi.
(2) He kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hopena o ka therapy reparative ʻo ka ʻoluʻolu ʻōlelo a ka mea maʻi a makemake hoʻi e loli.
(3) i nā manawa he nui, kahi hoihoi homosexual, e hiki ke hana ma ka wā ʻōpiopio, e nalo ana me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi mākaukau i ka wā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Hōʻike

Hana mālama kūikawā no ka poʻe makemake e hōʻalo i ka makemake homosexual attraction (NGV) i kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, SOCE.¹ a i ʻole ka lau ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Pēlā nō hoʻi i kapa ʻia kekahi mea i kapa ʻia he reorientation, hoʻololi, hetero-affirmative a i ʻole ke ʻano hou ʻoi.

Mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hoʻōla a ka hoʻonaninani male i ka hanana heterosexual maʻamau ua hoʻohaumaha ʻia i ke ʻano o ka "congenitality" a me "immutability" o ka male, ka mea e kūkulu ai ma luna o nā kiʻomana politika āpau o nā mea hana ma ka pelekane, ua hana nui lākou he mea lapuwale ʻo ia a he hōʻino, a no ka poʻe mākaukau e like me ka poʻe ʻae a me nā hoʻomana haipule. ʻO kekahi o nā mantra mau o ka neʻe "LGBT +" ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo, ʻo ka kōkua o ka poʻe loea e manaʻo ʻole ʻole e hōʻalo i ka GBV. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ʻōlelo.

Hoʻokuʻu loa o NVG ma ka hana me nā poʻe loea

Ma ka makahiki 1973, e kāpae i ka egosyntonic (i.e. ʻae ʻia no ka mea maʻi) homosexuality mai ka papa inoa o nā pilikia noʻonoʻo, ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka American Psychiatric Association. ka palapalaae like me: 

"... Nā ʻano hana o ka mālama ʻana i kēia manawa e ʻae i kahi ʻāpana nui o nā homosexual e makemake ana e hoʻololi i kā lākou kuhikuhi ʻana e hana pēlā ..."Spitzer, 1973).

Ua ʻae ʻia kēia ʻōlelo i ka ʻaha kūkā o ka ahahui, kāna Komite Kōmike a me ka Papa Hoʻohui - ʻo kahi ʻānela i hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōpiopio kamaliʻi ʻōpiopio i koho kipi ʻole no ka depatologization o ka male male. Alakaʻi ʻia ʻo APA Pākuʻi Leona Tylermamuli e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo a nā ʻikepili e kau pono i ka ʻike ʻepekema a me ka ʻike maoli ʻoihana. E like me ka pelekikena mua o ka American Psychological Association, ʻo Nicholas Cummings, e hōʻike ana, kokoke loa i nā makahiki 90, haʻalele ka hui i kēia kumumanaʻo e ʻoluʻolu i ke kumuhana politika.

Video ma English

Eia nō naʻe, ma 2009, hoʻolaha ka American Psychological Association i nā alakaʻi i ka maʻi psychiatric hoʻokolohua a me ka mālama ʻana, ma ia mea i hōʻikeʻia Eia kēia mau mea:

"Hōʻike i nā hōʻike empirical hou e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka manaʻo o ka homosexual hou i nā mea kūʻai aku, a me kēlā mea hoʻāʻo ma ka reoriition therapy ʻaʻole e hōʻeha i ka hana ʻino." 
(Nā Kumuhana Psychopathology a me kāna hana ʻana (2009), 3d ed. p. 468, 

Eia nō naʻe, he mau mahina i hala aku nei, me ka glance inconsistency, hoʻolaha ʻo APA i kahi ʻōlelo e haʻi ʻole ai ka reparative therapy (APA 2009) ʻO ia kahi ʻōlelo e hōʻike nei nā LGBT + mau mea hana - neʻe i nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hiki o ka hopena therapeutic hopena i ka hoihoi homose. ʻO kahi pūʻulu o nā lālā APA he mau lālā o ka hui ʻoihana no Alliance for Therapeutic Choice², ma ka pane i ka ʻōlelo APA i ka makahiki hoʻokahi i paʻi ʻia ai kahi loiloi o ka ʻōlelo APA, ka mea i kākau i nā hemahema ma ka hōʻike APA ma ke koho he koho i nā kumu ʻike (Phelan 2009a, p. 45), kahi noi paʻa ʻana no ka loaʻaʻana o ka lāʻau reparative (Phelan 2009a, p. 48), ka noi o nā pāʻālua pālua (Phelan 2009a, p. 49), a me na mea e ae.

No laila, he aha ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo a APA, inā e nānā pono ʻoe iā ia? ʻO ka hopena holoʻokoʻa ka hoʻāhewa ʻana o ka therapy reparative ma muli o ka pono ʻole a me ka hōʻino. Eia nō naʻe, inā e nānā ʻoe i nā ʻaoʻao hope loa o ka hopena, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea i koi ʻia nā mea kākau o ka moʻolelo e pale i ka kala ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou e komo i kēia mau ʻike i kā lākou ʻōlelo a me nā mea i hoʻopuka:

"... Ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻole hana like ʻole o nā ʻano loea hou a me nā ʻano hou o ka lāʻau reparative. Ma muli o ka palena iki o ka noiʻi ʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā metodically, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hopena inā he kūpono a he ʻole ke ʻano o nā ʻano hou o ke ʻano reparative. "(APA 2009, ka p. 43).

He aha nā loea APA e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka manaʻo? ʻO ka mea i loaʻa ʻole iā lākou ka ʻike hōʻike ʻoi ʻole ka maʻi reparative. ʻAʻole wale lākou i ʻikepili pololei i hiki i ke kahakaha ʻana o ka hopena, ʻoiai ua hana lākou i nā mea āpau e hōʻemi, ʻoi loa ma nā palena o ke ʻano ʻepekema, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā noiʻi i pili ʻole i ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ka hopena reparative therapy³. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ma waena o nā ʻike i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka palapala APA like hoʻokahi, aia wale nō nā hōʻike hōʻike e pili ana i ka therapy reparative - kūlohelohe ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, ʻo ia ka mea nui e makemake ai ka mea maʻi e hoʻololi - maikaʻi ia. Nā mea hoʻonaninani LGBT + - ke hoʻāʻo nei nā neʻe e pili i ka hoʻonaninani like ʻana me ka biology a me nā genetics, me ka manaʻo ʻole ʻaʻole hiki ke loli, akā kue kēia kūlana i nā hopena o nā haʻawina like ʻole i kākau ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo a APA.

E noʻonoʻo i nā huaʻōlelo mai kahi palapala APA:

"… HE Adams and Sturgis (1977) ua kālailai ʻia i ʻehiku mau noiʻi a lākou i hoʻokaʻawale ai ma ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana a loaʻa he 34% o 179 mau kānaka i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka wahine hoʻokalakupua .... Ma waena o nā noiʻi a lākou i hoʻokaʻawale ai me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki ke kāohi ʻia, ua ʻike lākou i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokipa homosexual i kaulana ʻia ma 50% o 124 mau kānaka (p. 36)

- ʻIke ʻo McConaghy (1976) ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā kāne e hele ana i hoʻokahi o nā keena lapaʻau lapaʻau e hōʻike ana i ka emi o ka makemake pilikino i nā kāne ma hope o nā mahina 6. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka makemake o ka wahine i nā kāne ma hope o ka mālama ʻana (p. 3)

- ʻIke ʻo McConaghy lāua ʻo Barr (1973) he hapa hapalua o nā kāne i loaʻa i ka maʻi lapaʻau i hōʻike i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mīkini male male (p. 38).

- ʻIke ʻo Tanner (1975) ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻōla, ua hoʻoneʻe ka pae o ka reflex homosexual erection ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hōʻike (p. 38).

- ʻIke ʻo Birk a me nā hoa hana (1971) he 62% o nā kāne i mālama ʻia i hōʻike i ka hōʻemi o ka kaʻa male (p. 38).

- Ua hōʻike ʻo McConaghy a me nā hoa hana (1981) i hōʻike ʻia e 50% o nā pane i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka moekolohe ma hope o 1 i hoʻokahi makahiki (p. 38).

- Ma kekahi haʻawina, ua hōʻike ʻo HE Adams a me Sturgis (1977) i hōʻike ka 68% o nā poʻe hui 47 i hōʻike i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pahu o ka maʻi male (p. 37).

- ʻIke ʻo McConaghy (1976) i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka maʻi, ua hōʻoki loa ʻia ʻo 25% o nā kāne i ka hana o nā kāne like ʻole, ma 50% o nā kāne ua emi kā ko lākou mau manawa, a ua hoʻololi ʻole ʻo 25% (p. 38).

- Ma kekahi noiʻi hou, ua hōʻike ʻo McConaghy a me Barr (1973) i ka 25% o nā kāne i loaʻa i ka hana maʻi i hōʻemi i kā lākou hana male male ma hope o 1 i hoʻokahi makahiki (p. 38).

- ua hōʻike ʻo Tanner (1975) i kahi hōʻemi nui loa i ke kaʻa male male i ke ʻano o ka hoʻōla ʻana (p. 38).

- Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Bancroft (1969) i 4 o ka 10 lapaʻau kāne hoʻomaʻamaʻa i hōʻemi ʻia i ka hana homosexual i ka wā hana. Ua hōʻike ʻo Freeman lāua ʻo Meyer (1975) i 7 o nā kāne 9 i kā lākou aʻo ʻana i ka hana mai ka hana male 18 mau mahina ma hope o ka mālama ʻana (p. 38).

- Wahi a nā puke paʻi ʻē aʻe me nā hihia hoʻokolohua a me nā hihia hihia, ua emi a nalo paha ka hana moekolohe ma nā mea e mālama ʻia ana (Grey 1970; Huff 1970; B. James 1962, 1963; Kendrick & McCullough 1972; Larson 1970; LoPiccolo 1971; Segal & Sims 1972 ) (p. 39) ... "(APA 2009).

No laila, ʻaʻole i haʻi aku ʻo APA i kona hopena ke hiki ʻole ka mālama ʻia. ʻElea nui ʻo 30 - 50% ka mea nui no kekahi ʻano noiʻi, inā wale ʻoe e kāpae i ke ʻano o ia ʻano o "hoʻohana ʻole".

Hoʻohui ʻia, ua paʻi ʻo NARTH i kāna hōʻike ponoʻī i kēlā makahiki, He aha nā noiʻi e hōʻike ai: NARTH's Response to the American Psychological Association (APA) Claims on Homosexual.Phelan 2009b) I kēia hōʻike, loaʻa i kahi hōʻike o nā nūpepa i ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hihia kulekele mai ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, nā hoʻokele hoʻokele a me nā nānā i nā makahiki he mau makahiki i hala.

Ma kahi o 100 nā puke ʻōlelo Pelekane e wehewehe nei i nā hopena kūleʻa o ka reorientation therapy i hōʻike ʻia ma ka papa ma lalo.

Puna	ʻAno o ka lāʻau lapaʻau	hopena
Carl Jung i oleloia ma Fordham 1935	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka hana hoʻokō maikaʻi a ke kāne kāne
ʻO Gordon 1930	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālama kūleʻa i kahi maʻi maʻi homosexual
Stekel 1930	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālama kūleʻa o nā maʻi maʻi ʻehā
ʻO Regardie xnumx	kaʻenehana hypnosis	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
Lāina 1950	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka hana hoʻokō maikaʻi a ʻelua kāne kāne
Allen 1952	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka hana kūleʻa o nā wahine he lua.  kāne a wahine
Poe 1952	ʻoihana hoʻohālikelike	i wehewehe i ka hana hoʻokō maikaʻi a ke kāne kāne
Caprio xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka hana holomua o ka wahine pelekane: "nui o koʻu mau maʻi maʻi maʻi wahine i haʻi mai iaʻu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana ... ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻi i ka ʻano homosexual»(P. 299)
ʻO Eliasberg 1954	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 12, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 5 mau hihia (42%)
Bergler 1956	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka hana hoʻomōhala o nā maʻi maʻi 100, ka mea i uku ʻia me 33% o nā maʻi āpau o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi
Eidelberg ma Lorand xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ka holomua paʻa o nā maʻi 2 mai 5 (40%)
Ellis 1956	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ke kūleʻa holomua o nā maʻi 40 (18 ♂, 12 ♀)
Berg 1958	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ke kūleʻa holomua o nā maʻi Xnumx
Hadn xnumx	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 3, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i ka hihia 1 (33%)
Hadfield xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ke kūleʻa holomua o nā maʻi Xnumx
Ross 1958	hui ana o ʻenehana	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
Robertiello 1959	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ke kūleʻa kūleʻa o kahi maʻi maʻi homosexual
Ellis 1959	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka hana hoʻokō maikaʻi a ke kāne kāne
Monroe 1960	psychodynamic therapy me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā hana	ke kūleʻa kūleʻa o nā kāne hānai xnumx
Finny xnumx	hui ana o ʻenehana	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
Glover 1960	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic i nā hihia 7 mau lāʻau lapaʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi 113, kūleʻa i loaʻa ma 44%
Beukenkamp xnumx	ke kikowaena psychodynamic pilikino a hui	i wehewehe i ka hana hoʻokō maikaʻi a ke kāne kāne
Stevenson xnumx	hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa	i wehewehe i ka hana holomua o ka male xnumx gay
Bieber xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi 106, kūleʻa i loaʻa ma 27%
Koina 1962	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālama ʻia o nā maʻi maʻi 45; holomua (hōʻea ka hoʻomā ʻana o ka hana male) i loaʻa i nā hihia 7 (16%)
Ovesey 1963	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka hana kūleʻa o ka male male xnumx
Buki xnumx	me ka hui pu mai ka ʻenehana	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
Cappon 1965	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 150, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 30% o nā kāne, 50% o nā wahine, a ma waena o nā mea maʻi bisexual - 90%
Mayerson ma Marmor xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 19, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 47% o nā hihia
Mintz xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 10, ua loaʻa ka maikaʻi i 3 (30%)
Mather xnumx	hana hoʻokaumaha a hoʻoweliweli mau ʻōnaehana	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 36, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 25 (69%)
Hadn xnumx	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi 32, kūleʻa i loaʻa ma 38%
Kaye xnumx, p. 633	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o ka wahine homo kāne o 15, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i 8 (55%)
Alexander 1967	kaʻenehana hypnosis	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
Roper xnumx	kaʻenehana hypnosis	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
MacCulloch 1967	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	ka kūleʻa ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kāne male xnumx
Kraft xnumx	psychodynamic therapy a ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Serban 1968	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o nā maʻi maʻi Xnumx
Miller 1968	hui ana o ʻenehana	ua ʻike i ka kūpono o nā hana e pili ana i ka hana
Ramsay xnumx	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Freud 1968, p. 251	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ka holomua ma ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi 2 mai 4 (50%)
Jacobi 1969	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 60, ua loaʻa ka maikaʻi i 6 (10%)
ʻEu ʻO 1969	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi XDUMX% homosexual
McConaghy 1969	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Lamberd 1969	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o nā maʻi maʻi Xnumx
Bergin 1969	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Ovesey 1969	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka kūleʻa me Xnumx kāne kāne
Wallace xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Larson xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ka hopena o ke ʻano e like me kā lākou hana, akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i nā helu kūpono
Birk xnumx, p. 37	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 26, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 9 (35%)
Huff xnumx	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
ʻO Bancroft i Ka ʻai xnumx	nā ʻano desensitization	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 15, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 5 (33%)
Kraft xnumx	psychodynamic therapy a ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
McConaghy 1970	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Mandel xnumx	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ka hopena o kahi kaʻina hana ma kahi ʻano
Hoʻokokoke xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 149, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 49 (34%)
Cautela 1971	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o 37% o nā hihia
Bieber i Kaplan 1971	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o 40% o nā hihia
Truax 1971	hui lāʻau	ua kahakaha ka hopena o ke hana e hoʻohālikelike ai me ka hui mana
Hadn xnumx	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o 30% o nā hihia
Birk xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa i xnumx%
Pittman xnumx	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 6, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 2 (33%)
Feldman xnumx, p. 156	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 63, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 29% o nā hihia
Van den Aardweg 1971	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 20, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 9 (42%)
Shealy xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Kendrick xnumx	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ka hopena o kahi kaʻina hana ma kahi ʻano
Segal 1972	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ka hopena o kahi kaʻina hana ma kahi ʻano
McConaghy 1972	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Barlow xnumx	hana ʻana i ka lāʻau maʻi, ʻaina implosive	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa i xnumx%
McConaghy 1973	hoʻohiʻohi ʻenehana	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa i xnumx%
Maletzky 1973	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 10, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 90% o nā hihia
Herman 1974	ʻenehana kūloko	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 3, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 33% o nā hihia
Birk xnumx, p. 41	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 66, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa o 52% o nā hihia
Bancroft xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa i xnumx%
Cantón-Dutari 1974	kaʻenehana desensitization, therapy aversive	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 54, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i nā hihia 48 (89%)
Orwin 1974	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Kēlā xnumx	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe i ka hopena o ka hana ma 8 kāne kāne
Freeman xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa i xnumx%
McConaghy 1975	hoʻihoʻi maʻi	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Cantón-Dutari 1976	kaʻenehana desensitization, therapy aversive	i wehewehe i ka hana holomua holomua ma 11 o nā hihia 22 o nā kāne Pelekane (50%)
Kapaa in Krumboltz 1976	ʻōkuhi desensitization	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Phillips 1976	ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
ʻO Socarides 1978, p. 406	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā maʻi maʻi 44, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i 20 (45%)
James 1978	ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Bieber xnumx, p. Xnumx	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe ʻia ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻo 1000 homosexual; ʻo ka hoʻokō kūleʻa ʻana mai 30% a 50%
Birk in Marmor xnumx	hui lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā kāne male 14, ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa i ka hihia 10 (71%)
Pradhan xnumx	ʻōlia lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālama ʻia o nā kāne male 13, efficacy i nānā ʻia ma 8 (61%)
Cafiso 1983	kaʻenehana hypnosis	i wehewehe ʻia ke kūleʻa me kahi kāne kāne homose
Van den Aardweg 1986a; 1986b	hoʻomohala lāʻau	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o ka maʻi 101, ua loaʻa ke kūleʻa o 30%, holomua - ma 60%
Siegel 1988	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe i ka mālamaʻana o nā wahine male 12 maleʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka kūleʻa o 50%
Berger 1994, p. 255	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe ʻia ka kūleʻa o nā maʻi maʻi Xnumx
Consiglio 1993	mālama mālama	i wehewehe i ka holo hope ʻana i ka hana heterosexual ma 85%
MacIntosh 1994	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ka loiloi o nā hihia lapaʻau 1215 no nā maʻi maʻi homoseks, ua ʻike ʻia ka kūleʻa o 23%, a ma 84% nui ka hopena lapaʻau koʻikoʻi.
Schaeffer xnumx	mālama mālama	i wehewehe ʻia ma ka hui o nā hui 140, ma 29% kahi holo holoʻokoʻa i ka hana heterosexual.
Nicolosi 2000	hoʻokolohua psychodynamic, mālama pastoral, hoʻomaʻamaʻa	i wehewehe ʻia i ka hui o nā mea maʻi 882 (689 kāne a me 193 wahine) ma 34,3% o nā hihia he hoʻololi holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole hana kokoke i ka hana heterosexual. Ma mua o ke ʻano, he 67% hōʻike i kahi hoʻonaninani kūʻokoʻa;
Shidlo 2002	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ua hoʻonohonoho mua nā mea kākau i ke pahuhopu o ka noiʻi ʻana e ʻike i ka hōʻeha o ka therapy reparative. ʻO kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā hoʻolaha e pili ana i nā lālā i waiho i nā nūpepa palekala ma lalo o ka poʻomanaʻo “Kōkua iā mākou! " Ua wehewehe aku nā mea kākau i kahi hui o nā maʻi 202 (182 kāne a me 20 wahine), nona ka 12,9% i manaʻo i ka hoʻololi i ka hana heterosexual kūleʻa.
Spitzer 2003	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic, mālama pastoral	ua noi ana i kahi pūʻulu o nā maʻi 200 (143 kāne a me 57 wahine) nāna i hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i ka lāʻau reparative a manaʻo i kona mau hopena kūleʻa. Ua hōʻike nā mea pane a pau i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoweliweli heterosexual, ma 17% kāne a me 54% o nā wahine he mea kupaianaha kēia. Ma mua o therapy 46,% o nā kāne a me 42% o nā wahine i hōʻike wale i ka hoihoi homosexual, ma hope o ka therapy - 0%.
Karten ʻO 2006, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia ma ke kumu loiloi	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	ua noiʻi ʻia i kahi pūʻulu o nā kāne 117 e hana ana i ka therapy reparative. Ua wehe ʻia kahi emi ʻana i ka hoihoi homose wahine mai 4,81 a 2,57 ma ke kumu ʻo Kinsey
Cummings ʻO 2007, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia ma ke kumu loiloi	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	e olelo ana i ka aha ʻĀʻLa ua hōʻike ʻia ma 2005 ma 1959 - 1979 Ua huli aku ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo 18000 i kona keʻena me nā pilikia like ʻole, kahi e pili ana iā 1 600 e hoʻololi i kā lākou moe kāne ʻana. I ka wā mālama, ua nui nā mea maʻi i loli maikaʻi ma ka psyche, ma muli o kahi 2400 o lākou i lilo i heterosexual.
Jones 2007	mālama mālama	i wehewehe i ka pūʻulu o 73 poʻe i komo ma 15%, kahi nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ke kaʻa male a he nui ka piʻi ʻana o ka holo heterosexual i hoʻomaopopo ʻia
Phelan 2017	hoʻokūkū psychodynamic	i wehewehe ʻia i kahi pūʻulu o nā kāne 30, ma hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻola ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia: ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i ka wahine i ke kahele aku - 23% (0% ma mua o ka mālama ʻana), ka mea nui i ka wahine kūʻokoʻa - 17% (0% ma mua o ka mālama ʻana), a laila ke kiʻekiʻe i ka wahine kūʻokoʻa ʻo 10% (0% ma mua o ka mālama ʻana).

Ke kuhi nei i nā hōʻike i hiki mai i kēia lā, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ka hapa hapakolu o nā poʻe e komo ana i ka psychodynamic reparative therapy e hōʻike ana i kahi e pau ai o ka hoʻokaʻae a nā ʻano hoʻoneʻe a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hoihoi i ka wahine ʻē aʻe, kahi hapakolu - kahi hoʻololi nui i ka hoʻoweliweli heterosexual a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i ka mālama kino. hana a ka ʻoihana, a ʻo ke kolu o ka hōʻike he hapa ʻole o nā hopena. ʻO ka mea nui nui o ka hōʻola reparative manuahi ka makemake o ka mea maʻi, ka ʻike i nā kumu no kona kolohe ʻana i kāna kāne ponoʻī a me nā pono pilikino.

ʻO nā keʻena olakino Komohana i kūʻē i ka hoʻōla o ka hoʻokalakupua kāne like ʻole i makemake ʻia ma lalo o ke kumu he "weliweli" paha ia, hoʻopunipuni i ka lehulehu ma ka wehewehe ʻole ʻana: 

(1) a pau nā lawelawe psychiatric no nā pilikia pilikino a me nā interpersonal hiki ke hōʻino; 
(2) Ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ʻepekema hōʻoia ke loaʻa inā he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka wahine like ʻole o ka wahine like ʻole, ʻoi aku ia, ʻaʻole paha ma mua o kekahi mau psychotherapy. ((Sutton 2015

Huli hōʻikei kēlā me kēia 5 - 10% o nā mea maʻi e hana ana i ka hoʻomohala psychotherapeutic e hiki ke loaʻa i kahi "hopena maikaʻi" - ʻo ia ka pilikia o ko lākou kūlana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kūlike keu-therapeutic i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa o nā pilina interpersonal, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hopohopo, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka haʻahaʻa, etc.

ʻO ka loli a me ka maikaʻi o nā kāne

Pehea ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana o nā ʻepekema LGBT i nā hopena o ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka reparative therapy

ʻO ka hoʻopau koke ʻana i ka homosexual attraction

Hoʻi hou i ka makahiki 1916, Freud i kāna ʻatikala "Leonardo da Vinci: He Pepa Manaʻo Polokalamu o kahi Infantile Reminiscence" penei:

"... Ma ka nānā pono ʻana i nā hihia pilikino pilikino, ua hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike aku i kahi kāne i hiki ke pane wale i ka hōʻeuʻeu kāne kāne maoli e pane aku i ka hōʻola wahine, e like me kēlā me kēia kanaka maʻamau, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia manawa ke kau nei ʻo ia i kona hauʻoli i ka mea kāne ..." (Freud 1916, III: 14).

Kākoʻo ʻia kēia ʻike e ka ʻimi noiʻi hou (Nā Storm 1980, Tolman & Diamond 2014)

I ka makahiki 1992, ua wehewehe ʻo Shechter i kahi hihia o kahi hoʻololi kuikawa mai ka hana o ka wahine me ka heterosexual i kahi kāne nāna i hana i ke ʻano psychoanalytic therapy, akā ʻaʻole no NVH, akā no kahi kumu ʻē aʻe (Shechter 1992) Ua ho'ōki ke kāne i ka pilina me kāna kāne pelekane, kū i ka hana pelekane, hoʻomohala ʻo ia i nā moe wahine me nā wahine. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka launa me ka wahine, ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kona ʻano me nā ʻōlelo:

“… ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke haehae iaʻu iho iā ia a aloha ʻo ia iā ia! ... Hiki i kekahi, e like me aʻu, ke lilo i heterosexual? ... "(Shechter 1992, ka p. 200).

Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe noiʻi Michael a me nā hoa hana ma ka makahiki 1994, e pili ana i nā hualoaʻa o kahi loiloi he nui noiʻi, i ʻike ʻia i loko o kekahi mau kanaka, kahi ʻano hoʻonaninani, ʻoiai, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka therapy reparative, lilo i heterosexual (Michael 1994).

Ua'ōlelo ʻo Lisa Lisa Diamond, ka mea noiʻi o ka psychology o ka makahiki, he lālā o ka komite loea APA, ʻaʻole ia e hūnā i kāna makemake homosexual, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā hopena o kāna mau makahiki he nui i ka hālāwai ninaninau me New Scientist:

"Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka moekolohe ... pono mākou e ʻae i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i ka moekolohe ke loli." (Moolna xnumx)

I loko o kahi ʻatikala ma The Journal of Sex Research, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Diamond i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, e like me 26 - 45% o nā kāne a me 46 - 64% o nā wahine i hōʻike i ka loli o ka moe kolohe i kēlā me kēia manawa (mai 3 a 10 mau makahiki), ka hapa nui o ia mau mea hōʻike i kahi hoʻololi, hōʻike i kahi hoʻololi i ka heterosexuality. ((2016 XNXX).

Pono e kūlike i nā ʻōlelo a ka poʻe propagandists LGBT, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻano o ka makemake kuko i ka heterosexally a me ka homosexually. ʻO nā hihia o nā kanaka heterosexual ke lilo i homose male ma muli o ka piha loa hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka wīwīKrafft-Ebing 1909), me ka lōʻihi o ka hiki ʻole o ka hoa kāne o ka wahine ʻē, a me ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka hōʻino ʻia (Meijer 1993) ʻO nā pahuhopu maoli koi i hōʻike ʻia i ke kino o nā mea ola a pau me ka wahine i manaʻo ʻia no nā pilina heterosexual. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau momi kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e komo ai i ke kanaka, e hana i nā hana moekolohe ma kekahi mau kūlana e hele aku ma mua aʻe o ka palena o ka heteronormativity kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole wale me kā lākou wahine, akā pū kekahi pū me nā mea moe kanaka. Hōʻike nā haʻawina e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka ikaika o nā moemoeā erotic a kēlā kanaka me ka nui o kāna ʻano moe kolohe (Kālā & Tucker 1975, Nā Storm 1980)

Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka heterosexual i kahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā manawa 25 ma mua o ka male. Ua mālama nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo Savin-Williams lāua ʻo Ream i nā nānā cohort i nānā ʻia e ka poʻe ʻōpio o nā makahiki ʻōpio mai nā makahiki 17 a loiloi ʻia pehea ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻano pilikino. ʻIke lākou aia ma 75% o nā wā'ōpiopio i hōʻike i ka makemake o nā kāne like ʻole i kekahi kolikō i ka manawa o 17-21 mau makahiki, a ma hope ke ʻano hoʻohanohano heterosexual i hoʻomohala ʻia, aʻo 98% o nā wā'ōpiopio e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻoweliweli heterosexual i ka wā e hiki mai ana (Savin-Williams 2007).

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Whitehead a me Whitehead (2007) i kahi loiloi loiloi o nā haʻawina ʻo Savin-Williams a me Ream (2007), Michael a me nā hoa hana (1994), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ua hopena ʻo ia i kekahi mau hihia ua lilo ka makemake homosexual i ʻole heterosexual me ka ʻole o ka hopena (Keokeo 2007)

Ma ke ʻano noiʻi ʻana e Ott a me nā hoa hana (2011) ma muli o kahi loiloi o kahi pūʻulu o 13 840 ʻōpio, ʻike ʻia ua 66% o ka poʻe i ʻōlelo "ʻaʻole maopopo" i kā lākou mau moekolohe i hana ma hope iho e lilo i heterosexual kūʻokoʻa (Ott xnumx).

Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi loiloi o nā hihia o kahi neʻe i kūʻokoʻa mai ka wahine i ka hana heterosexual, i loaʻa i ka palapala nūpepa, ua hana ʻia ma 2007 i Sorba (Sorba xnumx, nā ʻaoʻao 61 - 73).

Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa nei i nā loea a me nā moʻolelo o ke kūleʻa pōkole no NGV

He XiUMX ka wahine koʻikoʻi o kona manawa Edmund Bergler kakau iho la

"10 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa i hiki i ka ʻepekema ke hāʻawi aku i ka hoʻolaulea o ka moekolohe me kāna" hopena ", i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā manaʻo ʻike o ka hewa. ʻO ka ʻike psychiatric hou loa a me ka noiʻi ʻana i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole ʻia i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā homosexual (i kekahi manawa no ke ʻano biological and hormonal) ʻaʻole ia he subdivision i hoʻololi ʻia o ka neurosis. Ke nalowale nei ka pessimism therapeutic o ka wā i hala: i kēia lā psychoanalytic psychotherapy hiki ke hoʻōla i ka homosexuality "... Hiki iā mākou ke hōʻola i kēlā me kēia homosexual? - Aʻole. Kūpono kekahi mau pono, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ka makemake o kahi homosexual e hoʻololi ...

I ka manawa mua, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano moekolohe me ka luku maoli ʻana i ka subspcious iho, ka mea e ʻike ʻole ai ʻo ia ma waho o ka moekolohe, ʻoiai ke uhi nei i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻenemi maoli no kahi kāne like ʻole, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻowalewale ʻia ʻo ia, akā, ʻo kona ʻike ʻole hiki ke kōkua ʻia ʻo ia, me kāna masochism noʻonoʻo, ka mea e hōʻalo ai iā ia i ka mālama ʻana. Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia naʻaupō e nā alakaʻi hene ... ”((Bergler 1956).

Ua haʻi ʻia e ka loea Psychiatry Nikolai Vladimirovich Ivanov (1907 - 1976), ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu o ka Russian sexopathology, ua ʻike mua i nā mea nui e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoihoi homosexual: Hōʻalo nā hopena i ka hopena o ka hopena i ka hopena o ka hoʻokalakupua? (1) ka hiki ʻana o ka mea maʻi i ka ʻike pilikino - ua manaʻo ʻia ua kūlana nei e N. V. Ivanov i hoʻoholo. Inā he kāne kāne a kaikamahine paha ka mea maʻi, a ʻo ka moe o ka kāne like ʻole ke moe nei ka moeʻuhane a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kāne - pono ke koi ʻia e psychotherapy systematic, e manaʻo nui ana ia, e alakaʻi ana i ke ʻano piha o ka hoihoi ʻana i ka hana heterosexual; (2) ka hui o nā mea ʻē aʻe a mai waho e pili ana i ka mea maʻi - ka ʻike o ka mea maʻi i ka manawa inversion (no ka laʻana, he ʻano ikaika loa loa i ka moe me ke ʻano o ka homosexuality ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā puberty, ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kāne); ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilikia noʻonoʻo o kahi kanaka e noho nei i kahi hui homose a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana i ka ʻike i ka pelekane, ka manawa o ka hoʻonaninani a me ke ʻano heterosexual, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Ivanov 1966, ka p. 134).

Ua manaʻo ʻo Profesor Ivanov "kumukānāwai" a he hoʻololi kolohe paha nā mea e pale aku ai i ka therapy reparative (akā ma kēia, i ka manaʻo o ka psychiatrist, ʻaʻohe pono e hōʻole i ka mālama ʻana); lana no kahi "pill" (no kahi hana mana); ʻaihue i ka manaʻo o ka mea maʻi (ʻo ia hoʻi, mau makemake ʻole e loli).

I kēia mau hihia āpau, manaʻo ʻo Ivanov i ka mea maʻi "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana, me ka ʻōlelo no ka loaʻa ʻole o ia i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i mea ʻē aʻe, e manaʻo e hoʻi ka mea maʻi i ke kauka i ka wā o ka ola me ka wīwī e hoʻāla i ka nīnau ʻeha o ka hiki ʻole o ka manaʻo hou aʻe. noho me ka hoʻoweliweli, i ka manawa a pau āna i makemake ai e wehe i kāna maʻi ”(Ivanov 1966, ka p. 134).

Ua hoʻopuka ʻo haumāna ʻO Ivanov, Kauka Yan Genrikhovich Goland i ka manaʻo o ke kumu aʻoaʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ala kūpono o ka mālama ʻana i ka homaʻi o nā kāne, kahi i kū maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ia a hiki i kēia lā. Hāʻawi ʻia ka Therapy o ʻekolu aʻe:
1) ka hana ʻana o kahi puʻuwai noʻonoʻo no ka moe kolohe i kahi ʻano kue ʻole i ka poʻe o ko lākou ʻano kāne;
2) ke ulu ʻana o ka manaʻo estesthetic o ka wahine a me ka mea e hoihoi aku iā ia.
3) pili pili me ka wahine, hoʻohui i ka papahana heterosexual.
ʻAe ʻo Goland i ka mālama ʻana i nā kāne like ʻole i hōʻike i kahi makemake kūloe e hoʻolele i kā lākou mea makemake i ka male, a hōʻike e pili ana i ka holomua therapeutic e pili ana i ka 100%.

ʻ agrelelo aku ka mea noiʻi ʻAmelika ʻo Jeffrey Satinover i kēia mau ʻike, e like me ia, i kahi hui i koho maikaʻi ʻia o nā poʻe e hoʻoulu koʻikoʻi, ka pae o ke kūleʻa o ka reparative therapy e kokoke ana me 100%, aʻo ia ka mea hoʻohālike, ʻo ka hopena kūleʻa e pili ana i 50% (Satinover xnumx, ka p. 51).

ʻĀmelika maʻi ʻAmelika Joseph Nicolosi (1947 - 2017) i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala kūpono o ke ʻano repalative, e pili ana i ka manaʻo no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa homosexual ka hopena o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nele o ka wahine" i hoʻowalewale ʻia mai ka wahine a ka wahine, ka nele o ke kākoʻo mai nā mākua a me nā hoa ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻano o nā kāne, a me ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine. hoʻokaumaha e ka ʻepekema (Nicolosi 1991, 1993, 2009) Ua paʻi pū kekahi ʻo Nicolosi i kekahi mau pepa ʻepekema i loko o nā nūpepa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā kānaka.⁴.

ʻO ka mea kākau manuahi Spanish ʻo Elena Lorenzo Rego⁵ ke kōkua kūleʻa nei i ka poʻe ʻōpiopio i ke kōkua ʻana i ke kōkua. Ma kāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa, aia he helu nui o nā hihia o ka pau ʻana o ke ʻano homose kāne a me kahi hoʻololi i nā pilina me ka wahine ʻē aʻe (Portaluz 2014).

ʻO kekahi mea loea kaulana Rusia i ka mālama ʻana o NGV ma ʻEulopa Hikina ʻo ka ʻikekauʻikepika Kiev a me ka ʻikepekepika ʻo Dr. Garnik Surenovich Kocharyan.

I nā makahiki i hala, ua paʻi ʻia nā hōʻikeʻike o nā poʻe he nui i haʻalele i ko lākou ʻano homose wahine a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mea hoʻonaninani heterosexual. ʻO ke kumu lā, kākau ʻo W. Aaron i kāna moʻolelo autobiographical:

"... No 20 mau makahiki he homosexual au (...) i kēia lā, he mau makahiki ma hope (...) alakaʻi wau i ke ola o kahi heterosexual a ʻoluʻolu iā ia ..." (Aarona 1972, ka p. 14).

Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i nā hana. Nā ʻeko (1995), Worthen (1984), Konrad (1987), Comiskey (1988), Judkins (1993). Leilani (1994), ikaika (1994), Kekahi (1993), Kekahi (2008), Pabon (2015), Kekale (xnumx), Hoʻokomo (2007). ^ E Ha yM. E pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona 100 autobiographical o ka hōʻole maikaʻi ʻana i ka male i ka homosexuality e hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka puke o nā Hope Hope: Latter-day Saint Perspectives on Same-Gender Attraction - He kumuhana o nā ʻōlelo aʻoi a nā haʻawina a me nā pono pilikino (2011) (Mansfield xnumx).

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka nui o nā hōʻike a me nā hōʻike i nā pūnaewele o nā kaiāulu e hoʻohui ai i nā poʻe i kūleʻa i ka hoʻokau wahine a me ka ke kanaka hio, kahi hoʻohālike,Ua hoʻololi»,«ʻO nā leo o ka hoʻololi»,«Leo o ka Hope"A"Leo o ka leo ʻole".

Kūpono e pili ana i ka Aversive Therapy

Ma "LGBT +" - ka manaʻo o ka retorika e hoʻowahāwahā i ka hōʻola ʻana i ka hoʻolaʻa hoʻolaʻa, ʻo ka moʻomeheu, ma mua, a hiki i nā 1970s, mālama wale ʻia nā kāne male i ka loiloi uila ma o ka lolo, e paʻa ana kahi kūlana. Hiki pinepine iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i ka nānā ʻana i ka lokomaikaʻi a me ke aloha i waena o ka poʻe naʻaupō o ka mōʻaukala, e like me ka poʻe i makemake ʻia me ka makemake homosex i hoʻolei ʻia e ka ikaika a hiki i kahi noho uila.

He mea wahahee kēia. He mea hoʻolālā ia e hoʻoweliweli a hoʻonāukiuki i kēlā mau kāne pelekane e makemake nei e loaʻa kahi manawa e haʻalele ai i NGV. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻo luna aʻe (Phelan 2009b) ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei e hōʻike ana i nā kāne a me nā wahine i makemake i ke hoʻopau ʻana i ka NVH ua hoʻokō lākou i ko lākou pahuhopu me ka ʻole o ka "hala o ka manawa uila ma o ka lolo". I loko o nā 1970's, he mea ʻike kaulana kēia i ʻike ʻia, kahi a ka mea kikowaena kikowaena kākau i kākau.

No ka laʻana, kahi ʻatikala i loko o ka nūpepa The New York Times mai ka makahiki 1971 i ulana ʻia "He nui nā kāne like ʻole i kōkua e lilo i heterosexual" i kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka maʻi - psychodynamics, therapy group, a pūʻulu hui, a me nā mea:

"... Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua psychological, ua ʻike nā mea hoʻoponopono he homosexual ʻōpio i hoʻoholo e hoʻololi i kā lākou moekolohe i kahi manawa kūpono loa o ka kūleʻa. Eia hou, ua hōʻike nā mea lapaʻau ua kōkua lākou i ka 25-50% o kā lākou mau mea moekolohe kāne e hoʻokō i ka hoʻoponopono heterosexual, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou mau makahiki a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu mua ʻana (...) Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai ke kuʻuna psychoanalytic maʻamau i ka psychotherapy i makemake ʻia, ka hui pūʻulu, ka lawena behavioral, a me nā hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea. (…) Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo [Kauka Lawrence] Hatterer e kōkua i kāna mau mea maʻi e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu o kā lākou hana moekolohe ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā pilina ʻohana a me nā ʻike o ka wā kamaliʻi. I ka manawa like, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ka moekolohe ma ka hana pū ʻana me kāna mau mea maʻi e ʻike a pale i nā ʻano o ke ola e hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻāpana kāne, a hoʻololi iā lākou me nā mea hoʻoulu heterosexual a me nā pilina. Hiki paha iā ia, ke laʻana, ke ʻōlelo i ka mea hoʻomanawanui e hōʻole i ke kipa ʻana i nā kī kī a hele i nā kaola kūmau ma kahi o, a i ʻole hoʻololi i nā kiʻi moekolohe kāne a me nā kiʻi o nā kāne me nā kiʻi o nā wahine.

Ua ʻōlelo ke kauka ua hana kekahi ʻo 30 makahiki i ka maʻi heterosexual piha i loko o ʻekolu mahina o ka mālama ʻana. Kūpono kekahi kāne me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike heterosexual i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka lāʻau hoʻomalu, ua haʻalele pū me ka mea āna e noho ai i ʻelua mau makahiki. "Ma hope o ʻewalu mau minuke 45 mau minuke a me 27 e hoʻolohe ana i nā puʻikaha, ua pili ke kanaka a mālama i ka pilina kūleʻa a me kāna wahine mare i kekahi mau manawa i ka pule," wahi a Kauka Hatterer.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa e hōʻike i ka maʻi ka mea e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea maʻi i loaʻa ka manawa e kōkua ai i kona pilikia.

Ma ka Institute of Behavial Therapy ma ke Kulanui o Temple, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Kauka Joseph Walp a me kāna mau hoa e mālama i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kāne like ʻole ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā lākou mau hana e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hana.

ʻO kā lākou "hoʻouka kaua ʻekolu" i ka makaʻu o ka homosexuals i ka pili kino ʻana me nā wahine, kā lākou mea hoihoi i nā kāne a me kā lākou mau makaʻu āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana, e hoʻopau i nā makaʻu e pili ana i nā wahine, hele ka mea maʻi i kahi ʻano hoʻomaha hoʻomaha hohonu a laila hoʻolauna i nā wahine. I mea e holoi ai i ko lākou makemake moekolohe i nā kāne, hoʻokau ʻia nā mea maʻi i kēlā ʻano ʻano "aversive" e like me nā uila uila uila ke hōʻike nei i nā kiʻi o nā kāne ʻōlohelohe ... "(Broody xnumx).

No laila, eia kekahi - kahi huahelu o ka wā uila uila! He aha ka hana maoli?

I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa maoli kahi ʻano lapaʻau e like me ke kahena ʻana i kahi kuʻuna uila ma o ka lolo o ka mea maʻi no 0.1 i 1 kekona - kapa ʻia ʻo electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma 1938 no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi schizophrenic koʻikoʻi (Wilson 2017) Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ECT i kēia lā e hana i nā maʻi psychiatric i loaʻa i nā ʻano lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i ka hopena makemake. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hōʻike ʻana ma nā nūpepa i kākau ʻia e Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience:

"... ʻO ka maʻi Electroconvulsive kahi manawa i hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi psychiatric. I nā mau makahiki he mau makahiki, ua loaʻa ka mana ECT i ka nui o ka holomua. ʻOiai ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ECT i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ... ”(Singh a me Kumar Kann 2017).

I kēia manawa, e pili ana i ka maʻi āpau o 1 miliona i hoʻokahi makahiki ka hoʻokolo ʻana i ka electroconvulsive therapy no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi psychiatric a me neurological, ʻoi loa ka pohō kaumaha, catatonia a me manic syndrome. E like me ka kākau ʻana o ka BBC Psychology:

"... Kōkua ka uila Electroconvulsive i nā mea maʻi ma 80% o nā hihia - akā ʻo ka stigma e pili ana i kēia hana e hōʻike nei ʻaʻole kōkua ʻo ECT i nā poʻe āpau i hiki ke kōkua ..." (Riley 2018)

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa wela e pili ana i ka hopena, palekana a me nā kaulike o ka ECT. Akā pili ʻole lākou i ke kumuhana - Ua hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ka ECT ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau homosexuality.

Nā kiʻi weliweli i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka poʻe e hoʻomā ana i nā hoʻoiho uila a me nā mea e pili ana i ke ʻano o Jack Nicholson mai ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Flight over the Cuckoo's Nest" o 1975 makahiki, ua piha nā kumuwaiwai o "LGBT +" - neʻe i ka kumuhana o ka mālama ʻana - ʻaʻohe mea i pili i ka hopena.

ʻO nā haʻalulu uila māmā i wehewehe ʻia ma ka ʻatikala ma luna nei i ka The New York Times e pili ana i ke kaʻina hopena aversive. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole ʻo ka electroconvulsive therapy. Me ka therapy aversive, ʻaʻole i hele ʻia ka manawa paʻa o ka lolo o ka mea maʻi.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano maʻi aversive, e pili ana i ka papa hoʻonaninani a Pavlov, i ka hana hoʻohiwahiwa ʻana i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻole ʻia ma ka pae o ka maʻi pehu. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana no ka hōʻaole ʻole o nā pono, nā phobias, ka hoʻouka ʻana, ka hōʻino a me nā kevasʻO McGuire lāua ʻo Vallance 1964) Loaʻa kēia i ka hui pū ʻana me kahi mea pīpī hemahema (nā palaka, nā moemoeā Pelekane, Pona Hou, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) me nā mea iʻike ʻole ʻia (ʻehaʻeha, hōʻeha, ka makaʻu, etc.). Hoʻopuka ʻia ka uila uila e kahi mea e hana ana ma ka pā uila 9-volt, kahi kahi mea maʻi i hoʻokumu i kahi pae e kū ai i hiki iā ia, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka cuff electrode i ka biceps a i lalo haʻahaʻa (i mea ʻole i ka wahi kīnā).

ʻO kēia ka ala o ka maʻi maʻi averive i hoʻohana ʻia me ka ʻae ʻana o nā poʻe maʻi e hōʻea i ka HBV. Ma nā makahiki 70, ua loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lawaiʻa i nā mea ākea loa, a ua kūʻai ʻia nā pū kī heversive no ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka home.

Me nā ʻokoʻa ʻole, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike me ka kōkua o ke kūloko uila i kēia lā i ka mālama ʻana o NGV ma muli o kahi nui o nā pōʻino i pili i ka hiki ʻole o ka hopena. Hoʻomaopopo ka maʻi aversive ma ke ʻano o ka hana pilikino, e pili ana i kona inoa e pili ana i ka hana wale nō - i.e. nā hōʻailona o waho o ka pilikia. Ke hoʻopau nei i nā pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumuhana ʻenekele (e like me ka homosexuality), ʻaʻole paha e like ka lōʻihi o ka hana, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hana ka hana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu kumu, akā ma ka hoʻokaumaha ʻia o kona mau ʻike ʻike ʻia. Kū mai nā reflexed i lalo o kekahi mau kūlana a nalowale loa i ko lākou haʻalele ʻole ʻana. Pēlā, e mālama pono ai i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka mea maʻamau i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kekahi mea e pono ai, e koi ʻia ka hoʻoikaika mau o ka wā kahiko. Ma ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻoikaika paʻa ʻana, e wānana ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻoliʻoli kūlana. No laila, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻo 1968 o ka makahiki e hōʻike ana ma muli o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā moe kolohe, ua hōʻoki ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana ma 23 o nā hihia 40 (57%), akā i ka nānā ʻana i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ua mālama ʻia ka kūleʻa piha piha ma nā hihia 6 (15%) (ʻO Bancroft a me Marks 1968) ʻOi ke kiʻekiʻe ʻana o nā holomua no ka transvestites, fetishists, a me sadomasochists i kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā hopena he mea haʻahaʻa loa no nā lōpenua, a he haʻahaʻa loa no ka poʻe transgender. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo nā maʻi nā mea i hoʻopau i ka papa o ka maʻi pshododynamic i waiho wale i ka heterosexual a me iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope aku (Bieber a me Bieber 1979, p. 416).

ʻO ka maʻi aversive he mahele ia o nā mālama lapaʻau Federal a ua hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā pilikia. Ke ʻae nei nā poʻe loea e hiki ana ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai i kekahi manawa akā pono hoʻi, akā i mea e hiki ai ke loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi loa a pono hoʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ʻia me nā ʻano psychotherapeutic ʻē aʻe.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau mea hoʻohālikelike o ka "LGBT +" e noi ana e pāpā aku i nā ʻano hana a pau o ka mālama ʻana i ka huina ʻO kahi mea hoʻohālikelike, i ka wā o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka pāpā i ka pale ʻana i ka hau reparative ma kahi alo o US ma 2013, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻo Briel Goldani (he kāne nona i hana i kahi ʻano lapaʻau a kū kānāwai no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi wahine) i lohe ʻia. Wahi a kēia mau hōʻike, i ka makahiki o 13 mau makahiki (1997 makahiki), neʻe ikaika mai kona mau mākua iā ia i kahi "hoʻoponopono kolohe Kelemania" i kapa ʻia ʻo "Pono pololei" ma Ohio, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā keiki e hele i nā hana haipule inaina a hoʻowalewale ʻia i nā kiʻi heterosexual. , ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hoʻomākaukau emetic intravenous a me nā electrodes me kēia manawa i kau ʻia ma ko lākou mau lima no nā hola ʻelua. Pane wale ae e hoʻhoihoi ai: "ʻO ke kahua kelekoa Kelemania."

Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kahi hōʻike kikoʻī, ʻaʻohe hōʻike e kākoʻo ai i ka Goldani i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole kekahi o nā keiki ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa ana ka lāʻau i loko o kahi hoʻomoana i hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ka hōʻoia o ka loio i ka noho ʻana o kēlā kahua hoʻomoana. ʻO kahi wale nō kahi e hoʻomoana ai kahi "camp reclamation gay" i kapa ʻia ʻo "Direct Directory" ʻo ... kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Hollywood i ka makahiki 1999, alakaʻi ʻia e kahi alakaʻi pelekane, e hoʻokani nei i ka transvestite kaulana ʻo RuPaul (Doyle 2013; ʻO Sprigg 2014) No ka mea kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopiʻi e kūʻē i ka mokuahi Goldany.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona like loa e pili ana iā Samuel Brinton, ka mea i hoʻopiʻi i kona mau mākua no ka "hoʻomakekane aku ʻo ia iā ia no ka pelekane" ua hoʻohemo i ke aniani uila, apili i ka hau a me nā mea mahana i ka pā hale me ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi o nā kāne. Ke hāʻawi nei i nā kūkākūkā (uku uku) no nā ninaninau, ua ulu nui ʻo Brinton a ua nui loa ka weliweli o nā ʻike o ka hōʻeha kino. Eia naʻe, ka ʻike o kāna mau ʻōlelo, a mai nā mea ʻē aʻe "LGBT +", ʻaʻole i hōʻike i kekahi mea e hiki ai ke hōʻoia i ka mea āna i ʻōlelo ai - ma ke ʻano he nui nā kueo i ʻole a hewa ʻole kekahi mau ʻoiaʻiʻo.ʻO Sprigg 2014).

Pono kēia manaʻo wahaheʻe e hoʻoweliweli a hoʻonāukiuki i kēlā mau kāne pelekane e hoʻomaka nei e huli i nā ala e wehe ai i ka ʻano like ʻole o ka wahine, e pale ana iā lākou mai ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi ola piha (a nui nā mau). Hiki paha i kēia hoʻopunipuni ka make: aneane hōʻike ʻo nā kāne like ʻole a lākou i nā manaʻo suicidal ʻaʻole mai ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o ke kaiapuni, akā naʻe, mai ka palu ponoʻī ʻana a me nā manaʻo. hopohopono ka mea uaʻike lākou ʻaʻohe ala e hoʻololi.

ʻO ka manaʻo i hiki i ka poʻe ke hoʻoikaika mau loa i ka male me ka male hexosexual ke hoʻomaloka i ke kumu nui o ke ʻano moeʻuhane homeu, e ʻōlelo nei he mea leʻaleʻa ka wahine a me ka loli ʻole, e like me ka lāhui.

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Nā memo

1 English: "nā hana hoʻoikaika kino a pau" - "ʻo ka hana ʻana e hoʻololi i ka moe kolohe"

2 Kūkulu Hōʻuluʻāina mua no ka ʻimi noiʻi a me ka Therapy o ka Homosexuality (NARTH)

Hoʻolālā ʻo 3, e kau i nā mana e ʻoi loa e pili ana i ka hana pono, e mālama i nā hihia kūpaʻa o ka lāʻau hoʻokahi no ka hoʻokō ʻana, akā e noʻonoʻo i nā hihia like ʻole o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a laila.

4 https://www.josephnicolosi.com/published-papers/

Xnumx Elena Lorenzo Rego

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Hoike hōkeo

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā kikoʻī hou aku i nā kumuwaiwai aʻe:

1. https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#WitnessesPhelan JE, et al. He aha nā hōʻike noiʻi: Hōʻike i ka NARTH i nā ʻĀina APA ma ka home Homosexuality A kahi hōʻike no ke Kōmike Hoʻomaka ʻepekema o the National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality. ^ E Ha yM. Ka Moʻolelo o ke ʻIkino. 2009b; Helu 1.
2. Byrd AD, Phelan JE Nāʻiʻo a me kaʻu mauʻaoʻao i nā kaʻina loea mua e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā kiʻi like ʻole o ka home. ʻO Alliance no Therapeutic Choice a me Scientity Integrity, 2005.
3. ʻO ka pūnaewele o nā lāʻau lapaʻau heteroaffirmative. https://iftcc.org/
4. ʻO ka pūnaewele o nā poʻe me ka hoihoi like ʻana i ka wahine, nāna i hoʻokō i nā loli. https://changedmovement.com/
5. Nā Hōʻike Hoʻololi: https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#Witnesses

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