Ọgwụ antisperm (ASA) - ọgwụ mgbochi nke ahụ mmadụ mepụtara megide antigens spam.Krause 2017: 109) Ihe omumu nke ASA bu otu n’ime ihe kpatara mbelata imu aka ma obu imu nwa imu nwa: ASA na emetuta oru nke spermatozoa, megharia mmeghari acrosomal (AR), ma megharia mmeghari nke nwoke na nwanyi, itinye ya na mmepe nke ẹmbrayo (Restrepo 2013na - akpata iberibe DNA (Kirilenko 2017) Mmụta banyere ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche egosiwo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ASA na nbu nwa ebu n'afọ tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe emesasịrị (Krause 2017: 164) A na-enyocha nsonaazụ mgbochi nke ASA n'oge mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa mgbochi maka mmadụ (Krause 2017: 251), yana iji belata ma jikwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ọhịa (Krause 2017: 268).

Mmetụta omumu nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa

Omume ngosipụta nke Russia na ọtụtụ mba na-egosi mmụba nke oge amụghị amụ ụmụ nwoke, na-eru ná nkezi nke 30 - 50%. Onye na - egosiputa ọnụọgụ nke akụkọ gbasara amụkwo nwoke na Russian Federation n'oge 2002 - 2009 mụbara site na 59% - site na 44,1 rue 70,1 na 100 000 nke ụmụ nwoke tozuru etozu, na mkpokọta nrụgide ya nwere oke ịba ụba (Kirilenko 2017).

Kirilenko et al. ha dere, sị: “N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ pụtawo na ogo adịghị mma abụghị naanị ihe kpatara enweghị afọ ime, kamakwa Ọrịa ọgbụgba, ọrịa akụrụngwa na ọrịa cancer nke ụmụaka. N'ime ọtụtụ ihe a na - atụ aro ka arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ ugbua, mbibi nke nuklia bụ ihe a kacha agụ nyocha ma na - amatawanye dịka isi ihe na - emetụta ogo ẹmbrayo ahụ, mmepe ya na itinye ihe. Meta-nyochara banyere ọrụ nkewa DNA na ihe ize ndụ nke ịtụrụ ime na etuto etolite etolite etolite ugboro anọ site na irighiri ihe gbasara ọnụọgụ DNA na-abawanye (usoro iwu 15-30%, dabere na usoro ndị ejiri), ọbụlagodi na njikọta njikọta spam yana usoro injection intanettoplasmic. A na - ahụta usoro pathogenetic kachasị nke mmebi dị ka oke nke ụdị oxygen na - emeghachi omume - ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, nke na - eduga na spermatozoa OS. Ihe kachasị akpata nchekasị oxidative na sistemụ nwoke bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na mbufụt na ASA na akụkụ urogenital ”(Kirilenko 2017).

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata nrụgide oxidative na mbibi DNA bụ mmanya na ọgwụ ọjọọ, ị smokingụ sịga, oke ibu, nchekasị, afọ, STD metụtara omume mmekọahụ, ọgwụ ụfọdụ, dịka ọgwụ antidepressants, radieshon electromagnetic, ikuku ikuku. Mmetụta nke ihe ndị a niile bụ ọnya. (Afọ 2017)

Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ sayensị kwuru na: “Nlekọta ọnụ nke nwoke na nke nwoke na nwanyị na-ebute imepụta ọgwụ mgbochi alụkwaghịm"(Afọ 2014: 311, Afọ 2008, Nikulin 2007, Bronson xnumx). N'okpuru ọnọdụ nnwale, nyocha nke rabbits na spermatozoa na-ebute nzaghachi usoro (Richards et al., 1984), na iwebata spam n'ime afọ nke oke na-eduga n'ịmepụta mgbochi nke spermatozoa na mbelata ọmụmụ (Allardyce, 1984). N'ime ụmụ mmadụ, a kọrọ na ASA dị elu karịa ụmụ nwoke na nwoke idina nwoke ma ọ bụrụ na e jiri ya tụnyere nwoke na nwoke na nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ (Witkin na Sonnabend, 1983; Bronson et al., 1983). Na 40-50% nke ụmụ nwoke na-edina ụdị onwe, ASA nwere ike ịchọpụta na ọbara (Wolff na Schill, 1985). Bronson et al. Hụrụ ọkwa dị elu nke IgM klas ASA na ụmụ nwoke idina nwoke ma e jiri ya tụnyere IgG na IgA na ọbara nke ụmụ nwoke nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ. Ha tụrụ aro na nke a nwere ike igosipụta ọdịiche dị na etiology nke mgbochi spam n'etiti otu abụọ ahụ. Ejaculation na-ezighi ezi nwere ike ibute mmepụta nke antigens, na epithelium monolayer dị oke karịa epithelium nke ikpu. Na mgbakwunye, ọnụọgụ nke lymphocytes B na plasma sistemu eriri afọ dị iche na ndị bi na akụkụ ọmụmụ (Mestecky na McGhee, 1987), na mmeghachi omume ha na spam antigens nwere ike ịdị iche. A na-atụ aro na ejaculation intrarectal nwere ike iduga na mkpali nke mkpụrụ ndụ IgM- ma ọ bụ IgA2, nke nwere ike ịdị na akụkụ ahụ nwoke, na-eduga na ọnụnọ nke ASA nke isotypes ndị a na spam. (Bronson 2015)). 

Onu ogugu ndi mmadu n’emekorita na nwanyi na eduga iduba ndi mmadu na anakpo nwanyi ha, dika ọmụmaatụ, 40 - 45% nke ndị akwụna nwere ASA (Afọ 2014: 311). Dabere na Brockowski, 68% nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọtụtụ ndị mmekọ dị mma maka ASA (Brokowski xnumx).

Ọgwụ antisperm, na-eme kpọmkwem na spam, na-eme ka ihe ndị ọzọ pụta.

Otu n'ime ihe kpatara izụlite ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa n’ime ụmụ nwanyị bụ mmerụ ahụ yana ASA (Krause 2017: 166, Nikulin 2007), dịka ọmụmaatụ, kọntaktị nke nwanyị nwere mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, onye na - ebu ASA na usoro ọmụmụ.

Ruziev, na nyocha nke 2017 nke afọ, na-egosi njupụta nke omume mmekọahụ n'ime ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke (MSM) - mmekọahụ nke nwanyị 99%, yana 45% jikọtara ya na ọnụ:

“N'ime ọnwa 6 gara aga tupu ntinye na ọmụmụ ihe, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ MSM (98%) nwere nwoke na nwanyị nwere mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, na 65% ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmekọ nwoke agafereghị ndị 5, 4% nke ụmụ nwoke nwere site na 6 ruo ndị 10. N'oge nzukọ ha na ndị ọrụ ibe ha, MSM mere ọfụma ma ọ bụ nwee mmekọahụ naanị (54%) ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na ọnụ (45%). Imirikiti ndị na-aza ajụjụ (44%) gosipụtara mmasị ha maka ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, ihe dị ka 1 / 4 (23%) - passive na 1 / 3 tụkwasara ọrụ nke onye mmekọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-agafe agafe n'oge mmekọahụ.
Iji mee ka inwe mmekọahụ dị mma mgbe niile, ị ga-enwe klọm mgbe niile. Ya mere, ajuju ajuju ajuju bu "a nwere kondom na ichere igosi." 60% nke ndị zara azaghị ya na ha. Ihe dị ka ọkara (53%) nke MSM abanyela na kọntaktị ndị na-edina nwoke na nwunye n'ọnwa 6 gara aga. Ndị nke ọzọ so ndị inyom nwee mmekọahụ. Tupu 5, 88% nwere ndị mmekọ MSM, nke fọdụrụ nwere ihe karịrị ndị mmekọ 5. Ndị ọrụ ibe ha, MSM nwere mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị. ” (Ruziev 2017)

Nchoputa ndi ozo ghoro umu nwanyi site na ihe omumu ndi ozo. Ihe dị ka ọkara ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmekọahụ (Tao xnumx, Larmarange xnumx), dị ka isi mmalite ndị ọzọ si kwuo, 3 / 4 MSM (73%) nwere kọntaktị nwoke na nwanyị (nwoke na nwanyị)Larmarange xnumx) Na mba ndị na-anagide ihe omume mmekọahụ dara ọ dịghịkwa mkpa izochi omume nwoke na nwanyị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị mgbada nkezi ruo xnumx% mana na-eto eto ọnụọgụgụ ndị LGBT na ọgbọ, n'ihi mgbasa nke mmekọ nwoke na nwoke. Na Russia 34% nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyi nwere mmeko nwoke na nwanyi.

Fethers et al. nye data yiri nke a na ihe omumu ha banyere lesbians: maka ha, puru omume inwe nmekorita nwoke na nwoke nwere nwoke ma obu nwanyi karie oge 4 karia maka ndi nwanyi ndi nwoke na nwoke.Fethers 2000: 347-348).

Ndi nne di ime buru umu aka na ndi nwere nmekorita nke nwanyi nwere ike inweta infertility ma obu oria n’ime umuaka site na mkpuru na ASA. Teknụzụ omumu bu kwa ihe kpatara ASA n’ime ndi nwanyi (Afọ 2014: 311).

Nkwalite mmekorita nwoke na nwanyi na mbelata onu ogugu

A na-ekwupụta nchegbu banyere mmụba nke ụwa na mkpa iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na saịtị ụwa niile, gụnyere akwụkwọ sayensị.

Nke a bụ ihe klọb Rome na-akọ maka afọ 2017 kwuru na iji okwu a “Ngwanụ! Kapitalisi, myopia, onu ogugu na mbibi nke uwa":" Na mbara ala nwere oke onu ogugu kwesiri ka ebipu ya tutu okike eme ya onwe ya. ”

Laa azụ na 1968, ọkàiwu America bụ Albert Blaustein, onye keere na okike nke iwu nke ọtụtụ mba, rụtụrụ akana iji gbochie ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ọ dị mkpa ịtụgharị ọtụtụ iwu, gụnyere na alụm di na nwunye, nkwado ezinụlọ, afọ nkwenye, na nwoke idina nwoke. Na 1969, na adreesị ya na Congress, President Nixon akpọ onu ogugu “Otu n'ime nsogbu ndị kasị njọ maka ọdịnihu nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ” ma kpọọ oku ka e mee ihe ngwa ngwa. Preston Cloud, nke na-anọchite US National Academy of Sciences, atụnyela gọọmentị ka o mee nkwado iwu gbasara ite ime na ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke. N'otu afọ ahụ, Frederic Jaffe, osote onye isi nke International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), nyere nchetankena-agba ume uto nke nwoke na nwoke"Edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime usoro nke mbenata ọmụmụ ọmụmụ. Afọ abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ, Kingsley Davis, otu n'ime ndị ọnụ na-eru n'okwu gbasara usoro ọmụmụ ịmụ nwa tụrụ aro nkwalite nke "ụdị mmekọahụ na-ekwekọghị n'okike." Onye otu ibe Davis, ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na Judith Blake, tụrụ aro kwusi ụgwọ ụtụ na uru ụlọ na-akwado ịmụ nwa, ma wepu mmachibido iwu na mmekọrịta ọhaneze megide nwoke idina nwoke.

Na 1970, Frank Naughtstein, onye edemede edemede nke mgbanwe mgbanwe igwe mmadụ, na-ekwu okwu na kọmịị nke ndị agha na-ahụ maka ndị isi, kwuruna "a na-akwado ndina ụdị onwe na ndabere na ọ na - enyere aka belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ."

Afọ 1994 dị na Cairo mere ogbakoebe a chịkọtara ụzọ iji belata ọmụmụ.

Disemba 6 2011 Onye isi ala Barack Obama weputara Ntụziaka na-ekwupụta ọgụ maka ikike nke ndị pere mpe nwere mmekọahụ na mba ofesi mkpa nke amụma mba ofesi America.

Fọdụ ndị na-ekwu maka mmekọahụ na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, Alexander Moiseevich Poleev, na-ede akwụkwọ gbasara gbasara inwe mmekọahụ na ụzọ ọ bụla na-eweta abamuru ya ma na-agbachi nkịtị banyere mmetụta ndị ọ na-akpata. Dabere na atụmatụ, ọnụọgụ nke ndị di na nwunye amụ nwa na Europe ruru 15%, na Russia - 15 - 20%. Dabere na WHO, ihe dị mkpa maka nchekwa omume igwe mmadụ bụ 15% nke ndị lụrụ di na nwunye.

Ịkwalite omume mmekọahụ rụrụ arụ, nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ na gbasara ike, na-eduga n'ịmepụta ọgwụ nje antisperm (ASA), nnyefe nke HIV, HPV na STDs ndị ọzọ, bụ nke n'aka nke ya bụ ihe na-ebute ọgwụ mgbochi megide sperm antigens, na-ebute ihe egwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nye ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu. ma na-eduga ná mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ , mmepe pathologies nke ụmụaka. Mgbochi nke ịkpọasị na ọrụ sistemu eji eme aru aru - na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anabata omume idina ụdị onwe dị ka ụkpụrụ.

Mbipụta sayensị na ụzọ nke "mmụta mmekọahụ" nwere ike ikwu ndị a:

Iji nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ịzụlite ụzọ dị oke mkpa maka ụkpụrụ mmekọahụ / okike, ndị nkuzi mmụta gbasara mmekọahụ kwesịrị ị toa ntị na ụtọ gbasara ike nwoke. Nnabata gbasara ike nwoke na -emebi usoro ọnụọgụ abụọ dịka nwoke / nwanyị, nwoke / nwanyị, eke / queer. Site na iwepu nnabata nwoke, nkwanye ugwu maka ihe gbasara ike nwoke na -enyere aka mee ka nkwenkwe mmekọahụ / nwoke na nwanyị dị mma, yana ịkwa iko, mmekọ nwoke na nwoke, na ike nwoke. N'aka nke ọzọ, site n'ịgbasapụ ihe gbasara ike nwoke ike na imepụta asụsụ ọhụrụ nke ịnụ ụtọ gbasara ike - ịgba akwụna, ndị nkuzi nwere ike inyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ịma ụkpụrụ okike na -egbochi mmadụ.

Ọzọkwa

Ahụike uche na nke anụ ahụ nke ndị LGBT