Maantisperm antibodies (ASA) - ma antibodies anogadzirwa nemuviri wemunhu achipesana nembeu antijeni (Krause 2017: 109) Kuumbwa kwe ASA ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvekudzikira kwekusabereka kana autoimmune kusabereka: ASA inokanganisa basa re spermatozoa, shandura iyo nzira ye acrosomal reaction (AR), uye inokanganisa fetiraiza, kuisirwa mukati nekukura kwembeu.Kudzorera 2013) kukonzera kupatsika kweDNA (Kirilenko 2017) Zvidzidzo pamhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzakaratidza hukama pakati peASA uye kuumbiridzwa kushanduka kusati kwapera kana kuti mushure mekusungwa (Krause 2017: 164) Mhedzisiro yekuzvidzivirira kweASA iri kuongororwa panguva yekuvandudzwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwevanhu (Krause 2017: 251), pamwe nekudzora uye kudzora huwandu hwemusangoKrause 2017: 268).

Kuberekera Migumisiro yeAntisperm Antibodies

Nhamba dzezviratidzo zveRussia uye nyika zhinji dzinoratidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekusabereka muvarume, kusvika paavhareji ye30 - 50%. Iyo inoratidza yehuwandu hwezviitiko zvakataurwa zvekusabereka kwechirume muRussia Federation panguva ye2002 - 2009 yakawedzera ne59% - kubva ku44,1 kuenda ku70,1 pa100 000 yehuwandu hwevanhurume vakuru, uye zvakajairika masimba ayo ane tsika yekuwedzera (Kirilenko 2017).

Kirilenko et al. vanonyora kuti: “Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvakava pachena kuti huturu hwehurombo hahuna chikonzero chekushaiwa nhumbu, asi zvakare "embryo" yekuvandudza kushushikana, kubereka kwakashata uye kunyange kenza muvana. Pakati pezvakawanda zvinokurudzirwa zvinokonzeresa kusava kwemurume basa, yenyukireya kukuvadzwa kweDNA ndiyo inonyanya kudzidza uye kuwedzera kuzivikanwa sechinhu chakakosha chinobata mhando yembeu, kukura kwayo nekusimudzirwa. Meta-inoongorora nezve basa reDNA kupatsanurwa kwakaratidza kuti njodzi yekuzvinyima kwekubvisa nhumbu uye kukuremara fetal kukura inokwira kusvika kana nekuwedzera sperm DNA kupatsanurana (15 - 30% yakajairwa, zvichienderana nenzira dzinoshandiswa), kunyangwe mushure mekupinda in vitro fetiraiza uye intracytoplasmic sperm jekiseni nzira. Iyo inotungamira pathogenetic mechanism yekukuvadza kwakadaro inoonekwa seyekuwedzeredza kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zveoksijeni marudzi - ozone, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, inotungamira kune spermatozoa OS. Chinhu chinonyanya kukonzera kusagadzikana kwe oxidative muhurongwa hwekubereka kwechirume chirwere chinotapukira nechironda uye ASA iri mumurume urogenital turakiti ”(Kirilenko 2017).

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera oxidative kusagadzikana uye kukuvara kweDNA idoro uye kushandisa zvinodhaka, kuputa, kufutisa, kunetseka, zera, STDs inoenderana nehupombwe, mamwe madhiragi, akadai seanodzvinyirira, magetsi eredhiyo, kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kubata kwezvinhu izvi zvese kuri kuwedzera. (Pourmasumi 2017)

Mabhuku mazhinji esainzi uye mabhuku anoti: "Oral uye rectal kutonga kwehunhu kunokonzeresa kuumbwa kwema antisperm antibodies"(Rao 2014: 311, Lu 2008, Nikulin 2007, Bronson xnumx). Pasi pemamiriro ekuyedza, kumisikidza rectal tsuro ine spermatozoa inokonzeresa systemic immune mhinduro (Richards et al., 1984), uye kuunzwa kwehurume mudumbu remakonzo kunotungamira mukugadzirwa kwema antibodies anorwisa spermatozoa uye kuderera kwekubereka (Allardyce, 1984). Muvanhu, kuwanda kwakanyanya kweASA kwakataurwa mune varume ngochani zvichienzaniswa nevarume vanoita bonde kubva kuvabereki vasina mbereko (Witkin naSonnabend, 1983; Bronson et al., 1983). Muna 40-50% yevarume vanoita zvechingochani, ASA inogona kuwanikwa mune serum (Wolff naSchill, 1985). Bronson et al. Wakatarisa kuwanda kwakanyanya kweIgM kirasi ASA mune varume ngochani zvichienzaniswa neIgG uye IgA mune serum yevanhurume vanoita bonde kubva kune vasina murume nemurume. Ivo vakakurudzira kuti izvi zvinogona kuratidza mutsauko mune etiology yekudzivirira kwehurume pakati pemapoka maviri. Intrarectal ejaculation inogona kutungamira mukugadzirwa kwemaantigen, uye monolayer epithelium inonyanya kupfuurwa kupfuura epithelium gobvu yemukadzi. Uye zvakare, huwandu hwevanhu maB lymphocyte uye masero eplasma mune yemudumbu inosiyana nevanhu vari muchikamu chekubereka (Mestecky naMcGhee, 1987), uye kugadzirisa kwavo nema sperm antigen kunogona kusiyana. Izvo zvave zvichitaurirwa kuti intrarectal ejaculation inogona kutungamira mukusimudzira kweIgM- kana IgA2-inogadzira maseru, ayo anogona kuve aripo mune genital turakiti, zvichitungamira pakuvepo kweASA yeaizi isotypes muhurume. (Bronson 2015). 

Nhamba huru yevakabatana mumukadzi inotungamira kuumbwa kweanorisperm antibodies uye autoimmune kusabereka, semuenzaniso, 40 - 45% yevapfambi vane ASA (Rao 2014: 311). Maererano neBrockowski, 68% yevakadzi vane huwandu hukuru hwevakadzi hwakanaka kune ASA (Brokowski xnumx).

Maantisperm masoja ekudzivirira, anoita zvakananga kumurume, kuwedzera basa rezvimwe zvinhu.

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekuumbwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere mumashure memhumbu neASA (Krause 2017: 166, Nikulin 2007), semuenzaniso, kusangana kwemukadzi ane ngochani, munhu anotakura ASA mudumbu.

Ruziev, mune yekuongororwa kwe2017 yegore, anoratidza kuwanda kwetsika dzepabonde muvarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) - 99% vanoita anal sex, uye 45% inosanganisa nemuromo:

"Kwemwedzi yekupedzisira ye6 mwedzi isati yaverengerwa muchidzidzo, vangangoita vese MSM (98%) vakaita zvepabonde nenzira imwechete, ne65% huwandu hwevanhurume vevakadzi hauna kupfuura 5 vanhu, 4% yevarume yaive ne6 kusvika kune 10 vanhu. Munguva yemisangano nevabatsiri vavo, MSM yaingoita chete sex sex (54%) kana kuisanganisa nemuromo (45%). Vazhinji vevakabvunzwa (44%) vakaratidza kuda kwavo basa rinoshanda, vangangoita 1 / 4 (23%) - passive uye 1 / 3 vakachinjanisa mabasa emumwe murume anoshanda uye anongobata panguva yekurara nevarume.
Kuti ugare uchiita bonde zvakachengeteka, unofanira kugara uine makondomu. Naizvozvo, mubvunzo yemubvunzo yaive nemubvunzo "Iwe une kondhomu here iwe uye unokwanisa kuitaridza." 60% yevakabvunzwa vakanga vasina iyo navo. Inenge hafu (53%) yeMSM haina kupinda muhukama nehukadzi mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye6. Vamwe vese vaitoita zvebonde nevakadzi. Pamberi pe5, 88% yakanga iine vavari veMMM, vamwe vese vaidarika va5 vavakabatana navo. "Newavo vavakaroorana navo ,MSM vaingoita bonde pabonde." (Ruziev 2017)

Gay kutaurirana nevakadzi kunosimbiswa nezvimwe zvidzidzo. Inenge hafu yevanhurume vanoita zvebonde nevarume (Tao xnumx, Larmarange xnumx), maererano nezvimwe zviwanikwa, 3 / 4 MSM (73%) vane heterosexual mawasiliano (Larmarange xnumx) Munyika dzinoshivirira uko kuita zvepabonde kudonha uye hapana chikonzero chekuhwanda-hunhu hwebonde, huwandu hwevanosangana neungochani nevakadzi inoderera avhareji kusvika xnumx% asi iri kukura huwandu hwevanhu LGBT muchizvarwa chidiki, nekuda kwekuparadzirwa kweungochani. MuRussia 34% ngochani dzinovata nevakadzi.

Fethers et al. vape data rakafanana mukudzidza kwavo lesbians: kwavari, mukana wekusangana pabonde nemurume gay waive 4 nguva yakakwira kupfuura yevakadzi vanoita zvechisikana (Fethers 2000: 347-348).

Vanamai vechihure vanobva vatakura vana kune vakaroorana vangaroora vanogona kuona kusabereka kana pathologies muvana nekuda kwehurume neASA. Tekinoroji inobereka zvakare chikonzero cheASA mumadzimai (Rao 2014: 311).

Anal kurudziro yebonde uye kuderedzwa kwevanhu

Kunetseka pamusoro pekuwedzeredza kwePasi uye kudikanwa kwekudzikisa huwandu hwevanhu kwakadzokororwa kuchinziwa pane zvese nzvimbo zvepasirese, kusanganisira muzvinyorwa zvesainzi.

Izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa neClub of Rome for 2017 gore richiti "Huya upinde! Capitalism, myopia, huwandu uye kuparadzwa kwepasi":" Panyika pane miganhu kukura kwehuwandu kunofanira kudzikiswa zvisati zvaitika zvisati zvaitika. "

Kudzoka mu1968, gweta reAmerica Albert Blaustein, avo vakapinda mukugadzira matunhu enyika zhinji, akanongedzakuti kudzikamisa huwandu hwevanhu, zvinodikanwa kudzokorora mitemo mizhinji, kusanganisira nezvekuroora, rutsigiro rwemhuri, zera rekubvuma, uye ungochani. Mu1969, mune yake kero kuCongress, Mutungamiri Nixon akadanwa kukura kwevanhu "Rimwe rematambudziko akakura kwazvo kune ramangwana revanhu" uye vakadaidzira kuti zviitwe nekukurumidza. Preston Cloud, anomiririra US National Academy of Sayenzi, akurudzira kuti hurumende inyore zviri pamutemo kubvisa nhumbu pamwe nemubatanidzwa wengochani. Mugore rimwe chete, Frederic Jaffe, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weInternational Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), akaburitsa. Memoramumukati "kukurudzira kukura kweungochani"Yakanyorwa seimwe yenzira dzokuderedza mwero wekuzvarwa. Makore maviri izvi zvisati zvaitika, Kingsley Davis, mumwe wevanhu vepakati mukuvandudza mutemo wekuzvarwa zano kukwidziridzwa kwe "zvisiri zvakasikwa nzira dzebonde." Davis waunoshanda naye, nyanzvi yezvemagariro, Judith Blake, zano bvisa mutero nedzimba zvakanaka zvinokurudzira kubereka vana, uye bvisa zvisungo zviri pamutemo uye zvemagariro zvinopesana neungochani.

Mu1970, Frank Naughtstein, munyori wezve dzidziso yekushandurwa kwevanhu, vachitaura kuNational Military College pamberi pevakuru vakuru, zvakanyorwakuti "ungochani hunotsigirwa pachinangwa chekuti hunobatsira kudzikamisa huwandu hwevanhu."

Mwaka we1994 muCairo wakaitika musanganonzira dzekudzikisa kubereka dzakagadzirwa.

Zvitairi 6 2011 Mutungamiri Barack Obama kusunungurwa rairo inozivisa kurwira kodzero yekwakapokana kushoma nyika inotungamirwa nebumbiro rekunze rekuAmerica.

Vamwe vanoita zvepabonde, semuenzaniso, Alexander Moiseevich Poleev, vanonyora mabhuku nezve anal sex uye munzira dzose vanogamuchira mabhenefiti ayo uye vanonyarara nezvematambudziko. Zvinoenderana na inofungidzirwa, huwandu hwevakadzi vasina kubereka muEurope hunosvika 15%, uye muRussia - 15 - 20%. Maererano neWHO, chinhu chakakomba chekuchengetedza demographic ndeye 15% yevakadzi vasina mbereko.

Kukurudzira kuita unzenza hwepabonde, ungochani uye bonde rekumashure, zvichitungamira mukuumbwa kweantisperm antibodies (ASA), kutapurirana kweHIV, HPV uye mamwe STD, izvo zvinova zvinhu zvekudzivirira majekiseni esperm, zvinokonzeresa genetic kutyisidzira kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. uye zvinotungamirira kuderera kwevanhu , kukura pathologies yevana. Kudzvinyirirwa kwekusemesa uye basa immune system - kunowedzera huwandu hwevanhu vanobvuma kuita zvechingochani setsika.

ZveSainzi zvinyorwa nezve nzira dze "dzidzo yebonde" kurudzira zvinotevera:

Kubatsira vadzidzi kukudziridza nzira yakakosha pabonde / tsika dzechikadzi, vadzidzisi vezvepabonde vanofanirwa kutarisisa kunakidzwa kwevanhurume. Kurume kweanhengo yekugamuchira kunokanganisa masisitimu akajairwa ehurume senge murume / mukadzi, murume / mukadzi, zvakasikwa / queer. Nekudzvinyirirwa kwekugamuchira kwevanhurume, iyo taboo pane yemurume anal kunakidzwa kunobatsira kutsigira hegemonic dzebonde / dzechikadzi zvitendero, pamwe nevebonde, kuvengwa kwevanhukadzi, uye kutonga kwevanhurume kwavanokurudzira. Kune rimwe divi, nekumisikidza iyo anal anal taboo uye nekugadzira mutauro mutsva wekunakidzwa nekumashure - prostage, vadzidzisi vanogona kubatsira vadzidzi kupokana zvinorambidza tsika dzechikadzi.

Mukuwedzera

Pfungwa uye hwepanyama hutano hwevanhu LGBT