"Homophobia"

Izwi rekuti "Homophobia", rakanyorwa kumucheto kwe60 naiyeye muroorani George Weinberg, rave chishandiso chakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika zvevanyori veLMBT nevamwe vavo.

Iko kusviba kweshoko kwakaitika muAmerica zvinonyadzisira tabloid "Screw" kubva ku23 musi waMay 1969, apa zvaireva kutya kwevanhurume vanoita zvehuchani kuti vangangokanganisa vanoita ungochani. Makore matatu gare gare, Weinberg mubhuku rake, Sosaiti uye hutano Hwakawanana, akatsanangudza Homophobia se "Kutya ungochani, uko kunowanzobatana nekutya kutapukirwa uye kudzikisira dzimba nemhuri". Akarondedzera senge phobia yekurapa.

Vaviri vanoita zve ngochani kubva kuHarvard vakanyora nenzira yekuparadzira ungochani:

Uye nepo izwi rekuti "homohatred" ringave rakanyatsojeka, "homophobia" inoshanda zvirinani rhetorically nekuti inonzwika kushomeka kune vanhu vakarurama uye inoratidza, nenzira yekiriniki, kuti manzwiro ekupokana nengochani ane chekuita nekusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye kusachengeteka. (After The Ball, p.221)

Psychology purofesa uye mutsvagidzi Gregory Herek anoti chinangwa chaWeinberg kuunza "kusagadzikana" padyo padanho rezvipfungwa ndezvematongerwo enyika, kwete dzidziso. simbisa uye vanogadzira nhema ngochani kubva kuHarvard University:

Ivo vanyori vebhuku "Emotional, Pekuita uye Kushungurudzwa Nebonde"Bvunza:

ChiGiriki "phobia"Zvinoreva kusanakidzwa kwepanyama uye kwepfungwa maitiro, uye maitiro ekuongororwa kwechirwere chephobia anosanganisira kwakawandisa, zvisina musoro, zvisina kukodzera uye kugara uchitya kwechinhu kana mamiriro ezvinhu, uye nechishuvo chinotevera chekubva kure nazvo. Izwi rekuti "kuparadza zvinyama" harifezi maitiro aya nekuti:
(a) vanhu vane anti-ungochani vanoona maitiro avo asina kunaka kune vanoita zvevakadzi nevarume nevarume vanoita zvehuchani uye zvakajairika;
(b) zvakasiyana nepobias chaiyo, "kusagadzikana kwevanhu" haisi kungoisa pangozi basa revanhu vane hunhu hwekurwisa ungochani;
(c) "vanopokana" havafarire kutambudzika kwepfungwa kubva pamaitiro avo asina kunaka uye havanzwe kuda kuvabvisa;
(d) mune phobias, kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvinhu zvinofambidzana nekutya kwavo, nepo "kupokana" kusadzivirirwa kunobatanidzwa kwete nekutya, asi nekusavimbika uye kunogona kusangana pamwe nehasha.
Nekudaro, izwi rekuti "kuparadza zvinyama" harina kukwana uye kururamisa, nekuti rinotarisa zvakanyanya pamunhu, nekuregeredza chikamu chetsika nemidzi yenharaunda yekushivirira.

Mabhuku esainzi anoshandisa izwi rakanyatsojeka, "homonegativism," kurondedzera maitiro asina kunaka nezveungochani, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinozivikanwa, hazvina kutora midzi mukutaura kwemazuva ese.

Vamwe vamiririri venharaunda yeungochani vakaumba inonzi "psychoanalytic hypothesis" kutsanangura "kusagadzikana", zvichidaro izvo zvakadzvinyirira hunhu hweungochani hwevanhu vari pasi pesimba rekudzivirira kwe "dhiri reitiro" rinoshanduka kuve ruvengo. Runyorwa rweiyi fungidziro haruve hwaFreud, sezvo zvichidavirwa zvisizvo, asi kumuBritain musayendisiti uye ngochani, Donald West, uyo mu1977 akaidana kuti "hungochani". Vanyengeri vechingochani vakatanga kushandisa mhosva yeku "ungochani" mumitambo yavo yekunyonganisa vanopikisana navo.

Bhuku rambotaurwa revaHarvard vanoita zvechingochani, rinotsanangura nzira dzekushandura maitiro ehukama kuenda kuchingochani, rinopa muenzaniso wekushambadzira kwenzanga yenharaunda yeLBB pamusoro wenyaya ye "hungochani" nerondedzero yezano.

Muenzaniso wekushambadzira kwemagariro kubva kune veAmerican Press ye80's pamwe nekutaura kwevanyori.

Kana iwe uchiona zvichinetsa kuwana mhosva kune ngochani, saka varapi vepfungwa vane dudziro kwauri ... ungochani husina kutsarukana.
Makore mazhinji apfuura, pakanga paine nguva apo vanhu vaigona kuvhara zvido zvavo zveungochani, vachirwisa vamwe mainini. Asi iyo nguva yadarika. Ikozvino, nekudzvinyirira gay, iwe unounza kufungidzira iwe pachako. Saka iwe zviri nani enda nezvebhizinesi rako kuitira kuti vamwe vasafunge kuti bhizinesi rako ungochani!
STRATEGY: Stifle Homophobia uye unoodza mwoyo kutsvaga kweve ngochani, kubatanidza izvi neiyo latent ungochani. Ita vaverengi chinyararire kusava nechokwadi kwavo vavariro yekudzinyaradza. Ita kuti vatende kuti kuratidzwa kwekungochinjika kunogona kutungamira kwete kutenderwa neveruzhinji, asi kunyara kwavo pachedu uye kurasikirwa kwechinzvimbo.
KUSVIRA Mumwe angafunga kuti chiziviso ichi chakanangana nem thugs uye nevanodzvinyirira kubva kumusasa wevavengi vasingawanikwe. Kuzivisa kwakadaro kuchaita kuti vagadzikane nekufamba kwenguva, asi chinangwa chikuru pano kusagadzikana kusagadzikana. Kana kushambadzira kwakadaro kukaratidza kushanda, vanogunun'una vachatanga kutsoropodza kwavo. Zvakare, iwo mufananidzo unoonekwa weshambadziro unoramba uchidonhedza Homophobia, uchiibatanidza nekutyisidzira mabhendi - rimwe boka risingafaririke vekunze.

Sezvingatarisirwa, iyi fungidziro haina hwaro hwesainzi uye inongova chigadzirwa chemafungiro akapenga, akagamuchirwa nemadhimoni. Chete mu1996 ndiyo yekutanga kuedza kubatanidza "kupengesana kwevanhukadzi" ne "latent ngochani" zvine simba zvakagadzirwa, zvisinei, mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi yaipesana, uye ongororo gumi nembiri dzakazotevera dzakasiya kusava nechokwadi nekutadza kwe "psychoanalytic hypothesis".

Isu tinozongoongorora kudzidza kwaHenry Adams, uko panguva imwe kwakaratidza kutungamira kwakawanda mumusoro wenhau. Adams airatidza zvinonyadzisira zvemhando yehupombwe uye ngochani kumapoka maviri evarume, akarondedzerwa se "vakadzi vanopokana" uye "vanhurume". Mhinduro yavo yemuviri yekukwezva zvepabonde yakayerwa vachishandisa penile plethysmography (kuverenga kwayo,, zvichionekwa, sekuvimbika uye hakugamuchirwi mudare). Mamwe maitiro erectile kune vakomana vanoita zveungochani akacherechedzwa mu54% muboka re "vanhu vanoita zvinyadzi", uye mu24% muboka re "vasiri vemba". Adams anotenda kuti data idzi dzinoenderana neiyo psychoanalytic hypothesis, asi panguva imwecheteyo anoratidza kuti zvakanaka zvechirwere chechirume kana uchiona zvounhuchimbi hazvireve hunhu hwechingochani, nekuti zvinozivikanwa kuti kushushikana uye kusagadzikana kwemanzwiro kunowedzera kufarira uye kuyerera kweropa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri, kusanganisira penis. ⁽³⁾ Muzvidzidzo zveMunich Psychiatry Center, semuenzaniso, maitiro erectile kune akasiyana siyana asiri erotic episode, kusanganisira kurwadziwa RP G sokurwadziwa kunoita imbwa ine kufa, yaiitwa 45% (!) Kuvashanu. Nekudaro, shanduko mukuwanikwa kweropa kune nhengo dzechizvaro zvinogona kuitika kubva mupfungwa yekutyisidzira uye zvimwe zviitiko zvisingaenderane nekuita zvepabonde. Sezvo varume "vakadzi", ungochani zvinonyadzisira zvinogona kukonzera manzwiro akashata, ipapo yavo yekuwedzera erectile ichave inofungidzira zvakanyanya. Adams anotaurawo kuti erection rate mu "homeophobic" group aive zvakaderera uye isina kunyanya kusiyana neboka re "vasiri vemba", uye inoratidza kudikanwa kwekutsvaga tsvagurudzo nedzimwe nzira dzakavimbika dzinosanganisira cognitive, affity, uye maitiro ehunhu .. Zvidzidzo zvakadaro zvakaitwa mune ramangwana, asi mhedzisiro yavo haina kutsigira psychoanalytic hypothesis yehomeonegism .

Behavioral Immune System

Mafungiro akashata nezveungochani anotsanangurwa zviri nyore Behavioral Immune System - BIS (Maitiro ekuzvidzivirira emuviri). Iyi sisitimu yakagadziriswa yemiitiro zvichibva pane pfungwa yekunyangadzwa, chinangwa chavo ndechekudzivirira munhu kubva kune angangoita hutachiona. Saka, isu nemusikanzwa tinonzwa kusemeswa nevanhu vakageza, edza kugara kure nemidziyo yemuviri, kuora uye nezvimwe zvakadaro. Abnormality mune maitiro uye kutaridzika inogona zvakare kuve chiratidzo chemoology.

Iko kuvapo kwehunhu hwekuzvidzivirira kwemuviri kwakave kutaurwa mumhando dzakawanda dzemhuka. Kana mumwe munhu ari mupakeji akangoerekana atanga kuratidza kushomeka uye atypical maitiro, ipapo hama dzinotanga kudzivisa, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona. Munhu akadaro anotarisira kuparadzaniswa, kudzingwa, kana kutotsiva.

Vanhu vamwe veboka risingazivikanwe iro rinopesana mukutaridzika uye rinoratidza maitiro asina kujairika emafambiro anoonekwa seanogona kunge akatakura hutachiona. Kana zvichizivikanwa nevanhu vakadaro, hunhu hwekuzvidzivirira hunomutswa uye hunhu hwekuzvidzora hunomutswa.

Kumwe kurara pabonde uye vangangoita vehukama navo kunokanganisawo. Sezvo kusangana pabonde kuchiwanzobatanidzwa nenjodzi yekutapukirwa, idzo mhando dzehukama dzinongogona kufumura munhu kuzvipfuva pasina kuvimbisa hubudirira chero hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hubereko hwekubereka hunokonzera kushora kwepabonde uye kuvengana?

Heino muenzaniso kubva pane yangu pachangu iyo inonyatso kuratidza hunhu hwechisimba hwehunhu hwekuzvidzivirira hwemuviri. About 10 makore apfuura, mune Western mimhanzi maforamu, ngochani kubva kuGermany yakatumira mimhanzi mimhanzi vhidhiyo ine rudo meseji kune mumwe murume anoita zveupombwe. Munhu wese akaseka nezvazvo, uye wechidiki wemakore gumi nemana we15 wekuIndia, anga asati ambonzwa nezveungochani, akatadza kunzwisisa kuti zvaive nezvei. Ini pandisina kunyatsotsanangura, ndakamutsanangurira kuti kune varume vakadai vanosarudza vamwe varume kuvakadzi, maitiro ake ekutanga akati: "Fu, asi izvi zvinonyangadza!" Ndokumbira uone kuti kuita uku kwanga kusiri nekuda kwerusarura kana hunhu hwekare hwakaipa hwevamwe, uye hwakanyatso kubva kubva kune humwe humukati hwekunzwa kwemukati.

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kusemesa chinhu chakakosha chehunhu husina hunhu kwete kungochani, asiwo kune pfungwa yeLBBT pachayo, iyo inofungidzirwa seyakaipisirwa utachiona (zvese zvinotapukira uye hutsika), inotapurwa sehutachiona. zvikonzero. Mutambi anozivikanwa Irina Alferova anoudza:

Hachisi chokwadi kuti hachinei nevanhuwo zvavo. Pandaidzidza kuGITIS, mudzidzisi wedu aive ngochani. Munhu ane mbiri. Vanhu vaiuya kwaari kubva kunharaunda yeRussia kuzodzidza, kwaive nevakomana vazhinji kubva kumhuri dzevarombo dzakapfava - varume vakajairwa. Pakazopera kosi, iyo nzira yose yakashanduka kuita bhuruu.

Uye kunyangwe vanoita zvechisimba vanoita zvehuputi pamuromo vachapokana nazvo "Kuita tsika hakuna kuchinjika uye hapana kunogona kuitwa ngochani", kwete chete huchenjeri hwenyika, asiwo hwesainzi tsvakurudzo ratidza zvinopesana. WechiDutch muongorori anotsanangura zviitiko umo varume vanoita zvoungochani vakave ngochani zvachose nekuda kwekunyengedzera.

American Lesbian activist Muzvinafundo Camilla Paglia mubhuku rake Vampampu & Matampu anonyora zvinotevera:

Zvinoseka kutaura kuti ngochani anongofarira mamwe mahope uye haazomboita maziso akatwasuka mumakirabhu. Pandakanzwa izvi paTV, ndakapotsa ndangoseka. Wese munhu anoenda kukirabhu yekusimbisa muviri anonyatsoziva izvi. Kunetsana kwepabonde uye maonero ekuongorora ndiwo magungano, kunyanya pakati pevachingochana vasina kumira kuzama kutora munhu wese mune yavo maonero. Kunyengedzera kwevanhu vakatwasuka ndeimwe yezvinokanganisira zvisizvo mune gay porn.

Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekutsvagisa YouGov "Chaizvoizvo heterochani" pakati peBritain pakati pemakore e18 ne24 hafu yakanyanya pakati pevakuru vekare (46% ichienzaniswa ne88%). Iyi Age zera mukuzviratidzira kuzvibata mune zvekuratidzira ndiwo mhedzisiro yekunyepedzera kweungochani hwemakumi emakore achangobva kupfuura, iyo yakanangwa kunyanya kune vechidiki.

Pemberera Sodomy. Mifananidzo kubva kune LGBT nharaunda chiitiko.

Ongororo yakaitwa neLondon Center yeHutano uye yeTropical Medicine inopa runyorwa rwezvirwere zvinotapukira zvinonzwisa mhinduro, kusanganisira AIDS, syphilis uye hepatitis. zvakabatana nemararamiro eungochani.

Ndezvirwere izvi zvinobatana nehupenyu hwechingochani.

Nekudaro, kuvengana neungochani maitiro echisikigo echisikigo anochengetedza munhu uye nzanga kubva kuchirwere nekuderera kwetsika. Panhanho yekushandurwa kwenharaunda yevanhu kuita fomu yemagariro, iwo mabasa ekunyangadza akapararira kusvika kunharaunda yehukama, iyo yakaratidzwa mukuregererwa kwehunhu hwekufungidzira uye kufungidzira kwevanotyora tsika dzehukama. maitiro akatsauka uye nharaunda dzinozvishandisa, dzinoedza kudzvinyirira basa reiyi masikirwo mashini.

Ndiani anoita izvi uye nei - musoro chimwe chinyorwa.