Kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, pasi pechirambidzo che "dambudziko rakawandisa", nyika yave kuita mushandirapamwe wepasi rose wekushomekedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwekuzvarwa uye kudzikisa huwandu hwevanhu. Munyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira, huwandu hwekuzvarwa hwakatodzikira zvakanyanya pazasi rekureruka kwehuwandu, uye huwandu hwevanhu vakura hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwevana kana kunyangwe hwakapfuura. Imba inowedzera kupera mukurambana uye inotsiviwa nekushamwaridzana. Zvekuita zve extramarital, ungochani uye transgender phenomena vakawana chinzvimbo chepamberi. Kuwanda kwevanhu, kwete ngano "kuwanda" chakava chokwadi chitsva chenyika.

Akatanga zano rekudzora kubereka munyika aive Thomas Malthus, akazvitaura mubasa rake re1798, "Essay paMutemo wehuwandu." Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yeMalthus, huwandu hwevanhu huri kuwedzera zvakanyanya, uye mararamiro ari kuwedzera zvine hunyanzvi, saka munguva pfupi inotevera vanhu havazowana chikafu chakakwana, uye sekureva kwemukuru weWorld Bank - nemvura ^[1]. Sekureva kweMalthus, vadiki varipo, yakanyanya mwero yehupenyu.

Pfungwa dzeMalthupi dzakatorwa nemuridzi wechikadzi Margaret Sanger (Sanger), uyo akavapa nemufaro nemaeugenics, anogadzira mugore re1921 iyo "Kuzvidzora Kudhara League", iro basa ravo raive rekupa kubvisa nhumbu uye "kuburitsa hura hwevanhu" - "akaderera, akadzikama mupfungwa uye akadzikama mupfungwa uye ". Iwo ekupedzisira aisanganisira vatema, maSlav, maJuda, maItaly - anokwana 70% yehuwandu hwepasirese. "Unzenza hwakanyanya kunguva yedu kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemhuri huru dzinokuvadza kwete nhengo dzemhuri idzi, asi nzanga yose." Chinhu chinonzwira tsitsi chakaitwa nemhuri huru nemumwe wevacheche vavo kumuuraya. "- akanyora Sanger ^[2].

Nenguva isipi, pasi pechisarudzo chemari yemabasa esainzi, League inotanga kugamuchira rutsigiro kubva kuRockefeller, Ford neMallon. Mune magazini ye1932 League mune imwe nyaya yakanzi "Runyararo Runyararo", Sanger akataura kuti nekuda kwerunyararo paPasi, "zvisikwa zviri pasi pevanhu" zvinofanirwa kumanikidzwa uye kusiana nekuiswa mumisasa yevasungwa.

“Nekuisa chikamu chikuru ichi chevanhu vedu nekuda kwezvikonzero zveutano kwete kurangwa, zvine njodzi kutaura kuti mamirioni gumi nemashanu kana makumi maviri evagari vedu vanova varwi vanodzivirira, vachidzivirira vana vasati vazvarwa kubva mukukanganisa kwavo ... Ipapo kuyedza kuchave yakaitwa kuti inonoke kukura kwevanhu maererano nenguva yakatarwa kuitira kuti uwandu hwevanhu huri kukura huenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwazvo emagariro evanhu nehupfumi"^[3].

Ernst Rydin, nhengo yebato reNazi, akashanda muChirongwa sechiyairidzi uye akazopedzisira aisa mazano ake muhurongwa hweChitatu Reich hwakadai saGenetic Sterilization neRacial Hutano, rakabuditswa mupepanhau rimwe chete. Mu1942, pakakwirira kwehondo naHitler, Sanger, kuitira kudzivirira kushamwaridzana, unodzora zita rekuti "kuberekwa Kwekuzvidzivirira League" se "mubereki akarongwa", unobva wave International Federation - IPPF (yakashandurirwawo se IFES), iyo yakazogashira chimiro chesangano rinopa rubatsiro, icho chakachibvumira kugamuchira mipiro pasina kubhadhara mutero.

Sanger akanakidzwa nerutsigiro rwevakakurumbira vakaita saJulian Huxley, Albert Einstein, Indian Prime Minister Nehru, Emperor Hirohito weJapan, Henry Ford, President Truman, Eisenhower nevamwe vazhinji ^[4]... Neo-Malthusian zvematongerwo enyika aanosimudzira ari kuwedzera pasi rose.

Mu1954, Hugh Moore Foundation yakaparadzira turakiti rakaparadzirwa, iro Bomb reChimurenga, iro rakafutisa kutyisidzira kwekukura kwehuwandu mune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira uye akataura nezve kudiwa kwekukurumidza kudzikisa kubereka. Pa1958, UN inotanga kutsigira zvirongwa zveIPPF munyika dzeTatu World uye World Bank ichakurumidza kuzvijoinha. Mu1959, Dhipatimendi reUnited States rakaburitsa chirevo pamusoro pehuwandu hwepasi rose hwekupedzisira kuti kukura nekukurumidza kunokanganisa kugadzikana kwenyika. Makore mashoma gare gare, zviitiko zveNeo-Malhusians zvakapararira kuenda kuAmerica pachayo: US Congress yakagovera yekutanga 50 mamirioni emadhora "kuronga mhuri" mukati menyika uye yakawedzera mutero kumhuri dzine vana vaviri kana vanopfuura, nepo vasina kuroora uye vasina vana vakatambira rubatsiro ^[5].

Sezvinotsanangurwa nedanho iri, munyori weanotevera kutengesa Bvumo Yevanhu Bumbiro, ecologist Paul Erlich: "Kugonesa dzimwe nyika kudzikisa huwandu hwadzo hwekuzvarwa, isu tinofanirwa kukwanisa kutaura "ita sezvatinoita"asi kwete "ita sekurairwa"». Chimwe chikonzero ndiko kukanganiswa kuri kuita kukura kwehuwandu hweUS pamusoro pekuderera kwezvinhu zvepasirese. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti mu1966 muUSA pamusoro pe6% yevagari vepasi rose vaigara, nyika ino yaishandisa 34% yekugadzirwa kwenyika simba, 29% yezvese kugadzirwa kwesimbi uye 17% yekudzvanywa kwemiti yose. Nhamba idzi dzinotungamira kururamisiro yekuti kuberekwa kwese kweAmerica kunobatsira zvikuru kuderera kwezvirongo zvepasi rose - "25 kakawanda kupfuura, uti, kuberekwa kweIndia" Biologist Wayne Davis anoti^[6].

Mu1964, United States yakatanga "Bonde neDzidziso Counselling" (SIECUS). Mukuru waro wedare, Mary Calderon, aiwirirana neIPPF uye aitsigira pfungwa dzemunhu Rudolf Dreikurs, pakati pawo aive:
• fusion kana kudzoreredzwa kwemapurasi nemitezo yebonde; 
• kusunungurwa kwevana kubva kumhuri dzavo; 
• kubviswa kwemhuri sezvatinozviziva^[7].

Mu1968, gweta reAmerica Albert Blausteinvakapinda mukugadzira matunhu enyika zhinji, inoratidzakuti kudzikamisa huwandu hwevanhu, zvinodikanwa kudzokorora mitemo mizhinji, kusanganisira nezvekuroora, rutsigiro rwemhuri, zera rekubvuma, uye ungochani.

Kingsley Davis, mumwe weyakaumbwa mukuvandudza mitemo yekuzvara, akashoropodza "vanoronga" kusiya tsika dzakadai "dzekuzvidira" dzekudzivirira, sekusimudzira sterilization, kubvisa nhumbu и "Zvisina kujairika nzira dzepabonde"... Maererano naye maererano, "Kunyangwe vanhu vechinyakare vanoziva kudzikamisa huwandu hwevana kuburikidza nekukanganisa kusangana, kusangana kwevanhukadzi, kusangana kweungochani, kubvisa nhumbu nekuuraya vacheche." Uye zvakare, akasimbirira kuti pasina shanduko muhunhu hwemagariro pamwe nehupfumi, kudzikiswa kwakanangidzirwa muhuwandu hwekuzvarwa hakugone kuitika.

“Nyaya dzekuzvara uye nzira dzisiri dzechisikirwo dzebonde dzinowanzosangana nekunyarara kana kusatenderwa, kunyangwe pasina anokahadzika kushanda kwematanho aya mukudzivirira kubata pamuviri ... Shanduko huru dzinodiwa pakupesvedzera kurudziro yekuva nevana dzinofanira kuve shanduko muchimiro chemhuri. , nzvimbo yevakadzi uye nyaya dzepabonde … Mamiriro ezveupfumi ndiwo anonyanya kutema kuti ndiani achashanda, chii chingatengwa, kuti kurera vana kunodhura zvakadini, kuti munhu angashandisa marii. Zvikoro zvinotsanangura mabasa emhuri uye zvaunofarira zvine chekuita nebasa uye sarudzo dzekuzorora. Vanokwanisa, sezvinodiwa, kutsanangura patsva mabasa ezvepabonde, kukudziridza zvido kunze kwemba, uye kupa ruzivo rwechokwadi (kusiyana nehunhu) nezvewanano, maitiro ezvepabonde, uye nyaya dzehuwandu. Zvichionekwa neizvi, zviri pachena kuti Maministries eEconomy and Education, kwete Bazi rezvehutano, ndiwo anofanira kunge ari tsime remitemo yevanhu.^[8].

Davis Wife, Sociologist Judith Blake yakanangana nekubvisa mutero nedzimba dzimba zvinokurudzira kubereka vana uye kubvisa zvisungo zviri pamutemo uye zvemagariro zvinopesana neungochani ^[9].

Mashoko emhuri anoremekedzeka aya haana kusiiwa asina hanya, uye mu1969 iyo IPPF Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika, VaFrederic Jaffe vanopa chirevo chekutsanangudza nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa, kwaisanganisira kubvisa nhumbu, kudzivirira, kurambidza kubata pamuviri, kumanikidza vakadzi kuenda kumabasa, vachideredza zororo remubharo uye kubatsirwa kwemwana, uye kukurudzira kukura kweungochani. Jaffe anodzidzisa sachigaro wesangano reRockefeller Population Council, uyo anozvibata musayenzi Bernard Berelson, kuti aite ongororo pamhedzisiro yemagariro, dzimba nedzehupfumi pazvinhu zvekubereka vana, uye kusarudza iyo yakakodzera kwazvo.

Ipfupi inobviswa kubva mune yekurangarira:

"Kuwanikwa kwevagari kwakazara pamwe nekukwira kwemitengo nokudaro huwandu hwakawanda hwekushaikwa kwemabasa hunofanirwa kubvumidzwa sezvazvinodiwa. Nekudaro, kubatana pakati pebasa revakadzi uye kushoma kubereka kwaratidzwa, uye nekudaro kuri madikanwa kumisikidza kuti ndeupi mwero wekukwira kwemhedzisiro unogona kana unofanirwa kuisa mungozi kuti uwane mwero wakaderera wekuzvarwa. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uchinje mufananidzo wemhuri wakakodzera, kusanganisira vana vatatu kana vanopfuura, izvo zvinotungamira kune isingagamuchirwe chiyero chekukura kwehuwandu. Kuti udzivise bato rinobatana ravanhu, zvinodikanwa kuti vaumbe nharaunda umo kuzvidzivirira kwepamuviri kuchashanda. Hapana kupokana kuti mazhinji ematanho anotsanangurwa sedzimwe nzira dzekuronga mhuri haazove nemhedzisiro yakafanana pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvevanhu. Tafura yakanamirwa inoedza kupa yekutanga kurongeka kwematanho makuru anokurukurwa maererano nepasirese kana kusarudza kwavo. Zviripachena kuti nzira dzehupfumi dzekupesvedzera hadzizove nemhedzisiro yakaenzana pamaitiro emhuri dzevapfumi / vepakati veboka uye nehuwandu hwepasi. Tsvagiridzo icharatidza kuti ndedzipi nzira dzatichada uye nekukurumidza. ”^[10].

Mugore rimwe chete, kutaura neCongress, Mutungamiri Nixon akadanwa kukura kwevanhu "Imwe yematambudziko akakomba pakuguma kwevanhu". Akurudzira kuwedzera mabasa ekuronga mhuri muUS uye nekumisikidza komisheni yekudzidzira maitiro ehuwandu hwekukura kwevanhu pane kugara zvakanaka kwerudzi. ^[11]. Mushure memakore maviri ekutsvaga, Commission Chairman John D. Rockefeller 3 akaudza Mutungamiriri kuti kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu hakusi kushanda:

"Mushure memakore maviri ekuedza kwakasimba, takasvika pakugumisa kuti nekufamba kwenguva hakuzove nemabhenefiti akakosha kubva mukuwedzera kukura kwehuwandu hwenyika, uye kudzikamiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwehuwandu hwedu nenzira dzekuzvidira kuchabatsira zvikuru. pakukwanisa kwenyika kugadzirisa matambudziko ayo. Takatsvaga, asi hatina kuwana, nharo inogutsa yehupfumi yekuenderera mberi kwekukura kwevanhu. Kugara zvakanaka kwenyika yedu, kana kubudirira kwebhizinesi, kana kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vemo hazvibvi pane izvi. " ^[12].

Nyanzvi yeSainzi kuMutungamiriri Nixon, Dr. Dubridge Urged "Nzvimbo dzese dzeruzhinji - zvikoro, mayunivhesiti, chechi, mhuri, hurumende pamwe nevemasangano ekunze - kutanga zero huwandu hwevanhu sekutanga kwavo" [⁶].

Nobel Prize Laureate Dr. Shockley yakataurwa urongwa hwakadai: 
Veruzhinji vanozovhota huwandu hunodiwa hwekukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu (anokurudzira 0.3%), mushure meizvozvo Census Bureau ndiyo ichaona kuti vana vangani mukadzi wese anotenderwa kuva nevana. Vasikana vese vanozoiswa contracitive capia... Paanosvika zera rehuwandu, musikana wega wega achagamuchira makumi maviri nemaviri-zvitupa pamwana. Vakaroora kana kuroorwa vachakwanisa kushandisa gumi reizvi kubvisa kapuru kusvika mwana azvarwa, mushure meizvozvo capsule ichadzoserwa. Mushure mekuzvarwa kwevana vaviri, vaviri vacho vanogona kuzogona kutengesa zvitupa zviviri zvasara, kana kutenga mamwe masere pamusika wepachena kuti vabereke mwana wavo wechitatu. Avo vasingade vana vanokwanisa kutengesa zvitupa zvavo chero nguva [13].

VaPreston Cloud, sachigaro weNational Natural Commission Committee kuNational Academy of Science, vakadana zero huwandu hwevanhu mukupera kwezana remakore uye vakadaidzira kuwedzera “Nenzira ipi neipi inobvira” kutonga kwevanhu muUSA nenyika. Mukutaura kwake, akakoka, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Congress nePurezidhendi kuti vazivise zviri pamutemo kuti vese vakaroora vekuAmerica havafanire kupfuura vana vaviri, kuti kubvisa nhumbu nekukumbirwa kuchanyoreswa zviri pamutemo uye kuwanikwe nemunhu wese, kunyangwe mahara, uye kuti zvirambidzo zviri pamutemo pamubatanidzwa weungochani zvichasimudzwa. ^[6].

Munyori wepfungwa demographic shanduko Frank Notestein, achitaura kuNational War College kuvakuru vakuru, akacherechedza kuti "ungochani hunodzivirirwa pachikonzero chekuti hunobatsira kuderedza kukura kwevanhu" ^[9].

Paive nevaya vakanyatsodaidza kuti heterosexuality "chikonzero chekuwanda kwehuwandu hwenyika":

Zvinongotora makore mashoma kuti ma lobbyists agadzirise ungochani kuti vagone kugonesa American Psychiatric Association kuti ibvise ungochani kubva pane rondedzero yezvinetso zvepfungwa. "Hatichasimbirira kudaidza chirwere ichi kune vanhu vanozviti vane hutano," APA yakati. Shanduko iyi pachinzvimbo chemushonga maererano nekuongororwa kwehungochani yakaitika pasina kupa chero nharo dzesainzi uye humbowo hwekiriniki kururamisa danho rakadaro. Mamwe mashoko: https://pro-lgbt.ru/295/

Mu2001 Encyclopedia of Birth Control, yakatsikiswa zvakanangana nemasangano ekuronga mhuri, ungochani hwakatonyorwa pachena senzira yepamutemo yekudzora kuzvara:

“Sezvo kusangana kwenhengo dzechikadzi imwe chete kusingakonzerese kubata pamuviri, kushivirira kana kukurudzira ungochani nengochani zvinogona kuonekwa senzira yekudzora huwandu hwevanhu, kana isiri yekudzora kubereka. Vanenge vanhu vese vane bisexual kugona, uye kuti yakawanda sei inotenderwa kuzviratidza inokanganisa, zvirinani mudzidziso, nhamba yevana vanozvarwa. "

Muna 2004, British Medical Journal (BMJ) mupepeti Imre Lefler akanyora zvinotevera muchikamu chayo:

“Kukosha kweungochani kuti vanhu vararame kunobva pakuti hunoita kuti vanhu vawedzere. Chero ani zvake ane hanya nekushatiswa kwemhoteredzo kunokonzerwa nekukura kwevanhu anofanira kukurudzira ungochani. Zvirokwazvo, zvingave zvinoshuvira kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu ruve ngochani, nediki chete, chidimbu chakasarudzwa chevanhu kubva muboka rega rega rinozivikanwa rinogutsa zvidiki zvekubereka zvinodiwa zvemhando...
Sangano rakanaka renzanga revanhu munyika ino ine vanhu vakawandisa raizova iro ruzhinji rwaizogara muungochani. Kana hungochani hwaizova hunhu, huwandu hwevanhu hwaizoderera zvakanyanya...
Rusaruro pamusoro peroorano yeungochani ruchapera kana vanhu vangoziva kuti iyi sangano ichangobva kugadzirwa ndiyo inovimbisa bumbiro remitemo yevagari vemo.

Mune 1972 gore re Kirabhu yeRome chinyorwa chakabudiswa "Kukura miganhu", Mune gumi nemaviri mamiriro ezvinhu ebudiriro yevanhu akaunzwa. Zvese zviitiko zvakanaka zvaida shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika nevehukama, kusanganisira kudzora kuberekwa kwakasimba pamwero wekudonha kwechisikigo

Mu1974, Nixon kuraira Kissinger yekudzidza maitiro ehuwandu hwekukura kwepasi pane zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehupfumi zvido zveUnited States uye nekurumbidza matanho ekuita. Aya ndiwo maitiro egwaro "NSSM-1990", rakagadzirirwa kusvika ku200, rakaonekwa, rakanyorwa neNational Security Council, yakataura nezve kudiwa kwekukurumidza kudzikisa huwandu hwekuzvarwa pasi rose. Chinangwa chikuru chegwaro raive rekuzadzisa chinzvimbo chekutsiva neyakagadzirirwa 2000 gore (avhareji yevana ve2 pamhuri) uye kuchengeta huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu mukati me8 bhiriyoni. Kugoverwa kwerubatsiro rwekunze kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira kunoenderana nekushinga kwavo kutora zvirongwa zvekupokana. Saka, apo Nigeria yakaramba kuunza hurongwa hwekuita zvepabonde-kuvhenekera vanhu vachikurudzira unzenza uye ungochani, nyika dzekumadokero dzakamuvhundutsa. kubviswa kwekubatsira kwekunze. Nyika dze13 dzakawonekwa umo inofanirwa kutonga vanhu.

“…chinonyanya kutariswa chinofanira kunge chiri panyika dziri kusimukira huru uye dziri kukurumidza kukurumidza idzo dzinonyanya kufarira zvematongerwo enyika neUnited States. Nyika idzi dzinosanganisira India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil, Philippines, Thailand, Egypt, Turkey, Ethiopia neColombia. Pamwe chete vanoita 47% yehuwandu hwevanhu huripo. "^[15].

Gwaro rinoratidza “Isa pfungwa dzako padzidzo uye indoctrination [sic] chizvarwa chidiki maererano nekudikanwa kwemhuri diki ” uye inocherekedza kudikanwa kwekubvisa nhumbu kuderedza kubereka.

Mu1975, nekuraira kweMutungamiriri Ford, NSSM-200 yakave gwara rekuita mundima yeAmerican yekune dzimwe nyika. Nekudaro, izvo zvaimbove zvakanyanya kuve zvakavanzika zvevamiriri vevakuru, parizvino chave chirongwa chehurumende chakashandiswa zvichirasikirwa nevanobhadhara. Ikozvino hapachina humbowo hwekuti kushandiswa kweiyo NSSM-200 mirayiridzo yarega kuve mutemo weUnited States.

Parizvino, huwandu hwekuzvarwa muUnited States huri pazasi mwero unodiwa kuti kubereka kwepanyama kuvepo. Maererano neNational Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), hushoma hwevacheche hwakazvarwa muUnited States mu2017 mumakore apfuura xnumx makore. Chiyero chekubereka panguva imwechete chaive chakaderera chenguva yese yekutarisa (kureva, mumakore anopfuura zana), uye avhareji yenhamba yekuzvarwa pamukadzi yakadonha kusvika padiki kubva 1978 - 1,76 ^[16].

Pamusangano weUN World on Population wakaitirwa mu1974 muBucharest, nyika dze137 (dzese kunze kweVietnam) dzakazvipira kuita chinangwa chekudzikisa kubereka, shure kwaizvozvo huwandu hwevanhu vepasi pasi hwakadzika.

Of yezvinyorwa UN:

"WHO, pamwe neUNFPA neUNAIDS, vanotsigira zvizere International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Statute yeKwepabonde uye Kodzero Dzekubereka ... uye vanodana kumakurukota ezvehutano ku: ...
• Remekedza kodzero dzepabonde uye dzekubereka uye, kana zvichidiwa, dzokorora mitemo yakakodzera, kunyanya nezvekubvisa nhumbu uye ungochani ” ^[17].

MuRussia, neo-Malthusian mafungiro aive, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, airatidzwa mukugadzira kwe LGBT kufamba; subcultures Kusvirwakukurudzira kusava nemwana uye kusawanisa; Campaign "Sesa", ine chinangwa chekudzora mufananidzo waamai; kuunzwa kwe “vadiki matekinoroji” uye kusikwa kwemapazi mazhinji eIPPF - kutanga iro risingazivikanwe RAPS, uyezve iyo Russian Academy yeSainzi. Pane zvidzidzo zvechikoro "zvepabonde lumen»Vana vanosimudzirwa kuti vatange kugonana pabonde, unzenza uye hunhu hwengochani. Parizvino, maNGO akasiyana siyana ari kuita izvi. yakavanzika sekudzivirira kwehutachiona. Maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa neAll-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion muna Zvita 2017, chikamu chevanhu veRussia vakaramba nehana kuenderera mberi nemhuri kwemakore 12 chakakura kubva zero kusvika matanhatu muzana ^[18].

Dambudziko riripo mune chokwadi chekuti vanhu vazhinji uye kwete chete havadi, asi zvakare havangave nevana. Iyo frequency yemichero isina michero muRussia ndeye 15 - 20%. Maererano neWHO, iyo 15% chiratidzo chakakomba, umo kusabereka kunogona kutariswa sechinhu chinokanganisa zvikuru zviratidzo zvehuwandu munyika uye chinomiririra dambudziko rakakura renyika. Zvinonyanya kukonzera kushaya mbereko kubvisa nhumbu nezvirwere zvinotapurirana zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekubatana pabonde. ^[19].

Pfungwa yekudiwa kwekudzora kubereka muRussia yakarongerwa mu1987 Baranov A.A., asi yakarambwa neCPSU, sezvo nyika yaida zviwanikwa zvevanhu. Nekudonha kweUSSR muna Zvita 1991, IPPF, iri pasi pesimba raRaisa Gorbacheva, yakapinda muRussia uye ichiri kushanda mukati mayo. Kudzora kubereka kwaive zvakare kwakatorwa nemurume wake Mikhail Gorbachev, uyo akatotungamira musangano wenyika dzakawanda mu1995 pamusoro pekuda kudzora huwandu hwenyika, panguva iyo pfungwa yekudzikisa huwandu nevanhu 90% yakataurwa:

“Masangano ezvitendero ndiwo ari kunyanya kukonzera kuwanda kwevanhu. Tinofanira kutaura zvakanyanya zvakajeka nezvepabonde, nezvekudzivirira pamuviri, nezvekubvisa pamuviri, nezvehunhu hunodzora huwandu hwevanhu, nekuti dambudziko rehuwandu idambudziko rezvakatipoteredza. Kana ukaderedza huwandu hwevanhu ne90 muzana, ipapo pachange pasina munhu anokonzera kukanganisa kunoonekwa kwemhoteredzo.^[20].

Nenzira yakafanana, wezvematongerwo enyika weRussia Anatoly Chubais akatungamira kutaura kwake mu2011. Achitaura nezve kudikanwa kwekudzikisa huwandu hwevanhu, akataura nezve kuiswa kweiyo maitiro ayo anozobatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwepasi kusvika 2.5 - 1.5 mabhiriyoni pakupera kwezana ramakore re21.

"Muzana ramakore re21, kuwedzerwa kwemafambiro e20 hakufungi. Mamiriro ekukura anoenderera mberi haabatanidzwe. Hunhu izvozvi hunosangana nematambudziko matsva ezvikamu zvisina kumbobvira zvaitika. Nyika yedu inokwanisa kuita mupiro chaiwo kugadzirisa izvi zvisati zvamboitika. ” ^[21]

Achibiwa, EF Lakhova, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akaronga mutemo wekumanikidza kusungwa kwevasina "kukodzera," muRussia, imwe mushure meimwe, zvirongwa zvakasiyana siyana zve "kuronga mhuri" zvakatorwa. Chirevo "Ngachive mwana mumwe, asi wakagwinya uye unodikanwa" chakapindirwa. Pasi pesimba re Ministry of Health, mazana enzvimbo akavhura munyika anoita kurwisa kubereka kubereka mukuparadza bhajeti renyika, iro rakabatsira zvakanyanya munjodzi yeRussia. “Kurerwa” kwevatano kwevana kwakatanga, semhedzisiro iyo hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakawedzera kakapetwa gumi ^[22].  

Veruzhinji vakaudzwa kuti dzidzo yekuita zvepabonde uye kubata pamuviri kwevechiri kuyaruka yakakonzerwa nekudikanwa kwekudzora nhumbu dzisingadiwe, asi mhedzisiro yakadzoserwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti kuwana kwemahara kusununguka kunounza kuwedzera kwepamuviri uye huwandu hwekubvisa. Ivo vanopararira nekukurumidza, vachiwana mafomu matsva uye akawanda ehutachiona, akadai sema STD, akadai sherpes neAIDS. Cervical cancer, yaichimbozivikanwa isingazivikanwe muvakadzi vadiki, yava kusvika pakuwanda kwezvirwere, inowanzobatanidzwa nevazhinji vepabonde. ^[23]... Uyu mufananidzo uri wepasirese:

Kuverenga huwandu hwevagari veRussia, kana huwandu hwekuzvarwa uye kufa kuri kuramba kuri pazinga re1990 regore, ipapo mugore re2002 kuRussia panogona kunge paine 9.4 mamirioni vanhu vakawanda kupfuura pakutanga kwe90 ^[24]. Pakati pe2000 ne2010 huwandu hwevanhu vepanyama kuderera hwaive 7.3 mamirioni, uku huwandu hwayo hwakaitika mumakore ekutanga e zero - anenge miriyoni vanhu pagore. Kubva pa1995 kusvika nhasi, kunze kwe2013 - 2015, kufa kwevanhu muRussia kunodarika chiyero chekuzvarwa. ^[25].

Kunyangwe ichizivikanwa semumiriri wekune imwe nyika mu2015, iyo Russian Academy yeSainzi nekutsvagurudza ichiri kushanda nehuwandu hwevanhu, uye Dunhu Matare Makomisheni, Ministry of Health, Dare reNyika Dare reChirongwa chevechidiki, Ministry of Education nemamwe akawanda ehurumende uye masangano neveruzhinji achiri kuenderera pamwe nekubatana nacho (Complete list).

Kunyangwe zvichienderana nehuwandu hwepamutemo paine maitiro ekuda kudzikira kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekubvisa, chinhu chakanyanya kuderera kuwanda kwenhumbu. Hunhu hwehukama hunoramba husina kuchinjika: Nhumbu nomwe kubva pagumi dzinopera kubvisa pamuviri, izvo zvinoramba zvichizivikanwa senzira yekurapa chaiyo. ^[16]. Maererano nefungidziro yenyanzvi, huwandu chaihwo hwekubvisa hutumbi hunopfuura huwandu hwepamutemo kakawanda uye hunosvika kubva ku3.5 miriyoni kubvisa pamuviri pagore kusvika 5 - 8 mamirioni ^[26, 27]. Chiremba mukuru weHurumende Clinical Hospital Nhamba. 2 yeguta reOrenburg akadaro kumusangano wePublic Chamber yeRussian Federation kuti aive nehurongwa-hwekuda kubvisa nhumbu. 

"Ini ndinowana 20 mamirioni rubles pagore kubvisa kubvisa nhumbu, asi kwete peni yekudzivirira kwavo. Kuchengetedza hutano kunotibatsira kubva pakubvisa nhumbu. Kusvikira tsika ino yachinja, haufanirwe kumirira chimwe chinhu. " ^[28]

Kunyangwe IPPF ichiti haina kwavakarerekera nezvekubvisa nhumbu, aimbova purezidhendi, Fredrik Say, mukutaura kwake mu1993, akaburitsa pachena kuti masangano asina kugadzirira kutsigira kubvisa nhumbu muchiitiko kana mufungo haagoni kuvimba nenhengo muIPPF. ^[29]. Aimbove IPPF Medical Director Malcolm Potz akapokana kuti hazvaibvira kutanga nekushandisa chero chirongwa chekuronga mhuri pasina kupararira kubvisa nhumbu. Vati zvakare mitemo inorambidza kubvisa nhumbu yakapera uye haiwirirane nenyika yechazvino, nekudaro inogona uye inofanira kutyorwa ^[30]. Maonero epasi rese akanyatsoiswa mugwaro reIPPF: 

"Mhuri dzekuronga mhuri pamwe nemamwe masangano neveruzhinji havafanirwe kushandisa mutemo wekushambadzira kana kuvepo kwemitemo isina kutikodzera sechikonzero chekusaita basa. Kuita zvinopfuura mutemo, uye kunyange zvinopesana nemutemo, chikamu chechirongwa chekutyaira. ” ^[31]

Mushure mekufa kwaMargaret Sanger mu1966, vese vakatevera IPPF vamiriri vakazvipira kuzvipira kwavo kune iyo Sanger mutsara. Parizvino, IPPF, ine bhajeti regore ye1 mabhiriyoni emadhora ^[32], pasi pekushambadzira kwezvakanaka zvinangwa, inoitisa zviitiko zvayo zvinovenga mune dzinopfuura 190 nyika. Hapana yakaziviswa zvinangwa Federations - kubereka kwehutano hutano, kuchengetedzwa kwekubereka, kusimbisa mukurumbira wemhuri, kudzivirira STDs, nezvimwe - hazvina kuwanikwa. Asi chinangwa chechokwadi chakawana - huwandu hwekuzvarwa hwakaderera zvakanyanya.

Parizvino, "kuwedzera kwemamiriro ekunze" kwakasanganisira kudzikisira kwekubereka vana pachirongwa chavo. Nhengo dzayo dzakatangirawo kufamba Hakuna Remangwana Kwete Vana, iyo inovimbisa kusave nevana kudzamara hurumende dzatora matanho akakomba pa "shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakaitwa nevanhu". ChiJerimani mudzidzisi akawana mukurumbira mushure mekuburitswa kwebhuku umo anokurudzira maGerman kuti asazvara vana. Maererano naye, mwana wese asati aberekwa anochengetedza nyika kubva ku9 441 matani ekabhoni.

Takabvisa zviso zvejira risina chinhu kuti tidzivirire "hutano hwevakadzi" uye "kodzero dzevanhu", tichaona neo-Malthusianism sezvazviri - kupandukira hupenyu hwevanhu, tsika uye kufambira mberi, vachishandisa pfungwa yekuchengetedza vana nekuparadza mhuri.

MARI

1. Iyo imwe Dambudziko (1998)
2. Mukadzi uye Rutsva Race (1920)
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4. Ngirozi yeRufu: Biography yaMargaret Zanger, Muvambi weFPS (1995)
5. A. Carlson: Sosaiti, Mhuri, Hunhu (2003)
6. US Population Kukura uye Kuronga Kwemhuri (1970)
7. Iyo SIECUS denderedzwa: shanduko yechivanhu (1973)
8. Kingsley Davis, Population Policy: Zvirongwa Zvezvino Zvichabudirira? (1967)
9. Matthew Connelly, Kuverengeka kweVanhu ndeye Nhoroondo: Nyowani Maonero paInternet Campaign yekuKumisa Kukura Kwevanhu (2003)
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11. Richard Nixon, Mharidzo Yakakosha kuCongress pane Matambudziko Ekukura Kwevanhu. Pamhepo naGerhard Peters naJohn T. Woolley, Iyo American Presidency Project
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13. Iyo Yemahara Lance - Nyeredzi, Dec 19, 1967: Shokely Inotsanangudza Chirongwa Chemwana.
14. Chirevo cheALEC pana Alfred Kinsey
15. National Security Study Memorandum 200, zvinokanganisa Kukura Kwepasi Pose Kukura KweUS Kuchengetedza uye Kufambidzana Kwatiri Kufarira, 1974
16. Huwandu hwevachangozvarwa muUnited States hwakaderera kusvika pamakore 30
17. NDIANI: Kuronga Kwemhuri uye Hutano hwekubereka muECE uye NIS (2000) peji 2
18. Poll: Vanhu veRussia vanoramba nemaune kuva nevana
19. Demographic kuchengetedzwa kweRussia: matunhu zviratidzo, kuongororwa kwemhinduro
20. Sustainable budiriro yemusangano inodaidzira 90% kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwenyika
21. Musangano RusNanoTech, 2011
22. Syphilis chiitiko muRussia 1985 - 2001
23. Valerie Pfuma: DzeBonde Uye Zvemhandara
24. Ma90s anodhura Russia ingangoita 10 miriyoni hupenyu: kudzidza kwevanhu
25. Rosstat: kubereka, kufa uye kusikwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe1950 - 2016
26. AIF: Muhuwandu uye chokwadi: 3,5 miriyoni kubvisa pamuviri pagore kunoitwa nevakadzi muRussia
27. Pfungwa yehurumende mamiriro emhuri yeRussian Federation yenguva yacho kusvika ku2025
28. Kuzivikanwa kwechiremba wepamusoro: Ini ndinogashira kubva kune imwe nyika 20 mamirioni kuti abvise kubvisa nhumbu
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30. Malcolm Potts (1970, 1979)
31. IPPF: Kodzero yemunhu kuronga mhuri (1984)
32. AIF: Tinogona sei kuponesa vanhu?

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