Ndangariro dzemazuva yapfuura
kupfuura taura nezvezvino
kupfuura nezve zvakapfuura. 

Iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa kubva kune vanyori vehukama hwepabonde imwechete kuti ungochani hwaive hwakajairika munyika yekare, kunyanya muRoma yekare neGirisi. Muchokwadi, ngano ye "ungochani utopia" muGreece yekare yakafarirwa naOscar Wilde, uyo akatongerwa sodomy, uye humbowo hushoma hwakasvika kwatiri muchimiro chezvinyorwa zvekare uye mabasa eunyanzvi zvinoratidza zvakapesana. Munhoroondo yose yevanhu, ungochani, kunyanya mukuita basa, hwave huripo sechinhu chinonyadzisa uye chinonyadzisa. Chete mumagariro akaora, panguva yekuderera kwavo, tsika dzepabonde dzimwechete dzinogona kunge dzakawana mukurumbira, asi kunyange zvakadaro, kukwezva kune nhengo dzepabonde imwechete, dzakasimba kudarika kune vamiririri vezvakasiyana, zvaionekwa sezviri kunze kwemaitiro. Hapana kwese uye zvisati zvamboitika nguva yedu yakambove nehukama hweungochani pakati pevakuru hwakabvumidzwa.

Paunenge uchiverenga chinyorwa ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti tirambe tichifunga nezve kujairana kweshoko remazuva ano rekuti "ungochani" zvine chekuita nekuita zvepabonde pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi vekare, izvo zvisingaenzaniswi nezviri kuitika munharaunda yeLGBT nhasi. Chokwadi ndechekuti zviito zvekupinzwa nemuromo kana netsvina zvagara zvichinzi zvinonyadzisa uye zvinosvibisa munhu anenge apihwa, saka hapagone kuve nemubvunzo wechero ngochani dziri pamutemo.

MuAtene, ngochani dzaizvidzwa uye dzaisungirwa kuzivisa huipi hwadzo kukereke, mushure mezvo dzakatorerwa kodzero dzese dzevagari. Kana vakavanza hunhu hwavo, saka vaidzingwa kana kuurayiwa. Paive nemazita emadunhurirwa ekuzvidza, senge hinyukire (yakafara anus), Chaunoproktos (gaping anus) uye lakkoproktos (horo yakaita segomba).

Mukutaura kweAeschines kupesana naTimarch zvinonzi kana chero munhu weAtenean ari mudiwa wemurume, anobva arambidzwa:
1) kuve mumwe wevapfumbamwe archons,
2) kuva mupristi,
3) kuve gweta redziviriro kudare,
4) bata chero chinzvimbo mukati nekunze kwenyika yeAtene
5) zadzisa mabasa emushamarari kana kusarudza mushamarari,
6) pinda munzvimbo dzinoyera dzeruzhinji, tora chikamu mumitambo yechitendero uine korona pamusoro wavo, uye uve mune iyo chikamu chekwere yakatsaurwa nekusasa.
Kutyorwa kwemirairo iri pamusoro kwakarangwa nerufu.

Ruzhinji rwevatsvakurudzi vanobvuma kuti kuGreek yekare, kusangana kweungochani pakati pevarume vaviri vakaenzana kwaionekwa sekusina kujairika uye kurangwa zvakaomarara. Kugadza murume aizvipira kutora chinzvimbo chekubata muchibereko, kwaive nepfungwa yakasarudzika: κίναιδος - kineidos (yawa). Kubvuma kungoitawo, ivo kineido vakave sehure uye vakave vasina kukodzera kuve munhu akasununguka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kineidos akatorerwa kodzero dzekuva mugari wenyika. Izvo zvaitendwawo kuti munhu aibvumidzwa kupindirwa mukati anofungidzirwa kunge anokanganisa kushandisa doro, chikafu, mari, kana simba. (Greenberg muRoger 1997, peji 181). 

Makotesheni mashoma:

• Hapana humbowo hwekuti ungochani hwakagamuchirwa pasi rese ... maGreek havana "kumbogonesa" kuita kwekuita bonde ... Pakunyatso tarisa, tsika yakapararira yekuseka nekusemesa ngochani zvinove pachena. (Karlen 1977, mapeji 33, 35).

Pakati peavo vakapinda mukuchiva, hapana kana chimwe chaisemesa kupfuura kirasi yevanodzikira pabonde vanozivikanwa sema katapugons kana kinaidoi (Davidson 1998, peji 167). 

• Mufananidzo we kineidos wanga usina kunaka zvachose ... (Clark 2008, p. 22). 

Kineados akaonekwa semunhu anosemesa, anokanganisa mune zveveruzhinji uye zvebonde pfungwa (King mumubati 1994, peji 30). 

[maGreek ekare vaitenda kuti] kupinda mukati mekunhengo yekubereka pakati pesikarudzi pakati pevanhurume vakuru kwaisatambirwa ... kwakabatana nehunhu uye hunhu (Keuls 1995, mapeji 291, 299).

• [maGreek ekare vaitenda kuti] murume wechikuru aibata chinzvimbo chekutambira mukupinda munhengo yekubuda nayo pabonde nekumashure kunobuda nako tsvina yaizorasikirwa nehunhu hwechirume ozoita mukadzi, zvichitongwa nekuzvidzwa (vanggard 1972, peji 89). 

• [maGiriki ekare vaitenda kuti] murume anonakidzwa nekupindirwa neumwe murume murume asina kunaka, anokonzeresa kusagadzikana kwevanhu, uye anofanirwa kutorwa semukadzi ane basa raanotora (Thornton 1997, peji 105). 

• Chikamu chisina basa mukupinda munhengo yekubuda nako anal-genital chaionekwa sechinonyadzisa uye chinosemesa. Vakadaidzwa euryproktoi - chaizvo "yakafara anus" (Garrison 2000, peji 161).

Maonero ari muAthens echirume murume mukuru akazvibvumidza kuita chinzvimbo chekupinda munhengo yekubereka-nekumashure aive asina kunaka zvachose. Munhu akadaro aionekwa seanogona kunge ari musori nemuvengi wenyika, nekuti anga atotengesa hunhu hwake, nekudaro, akakwanisa kutengesa nzanga dzese ... " (Dover 1978, peji 20).

MuRome, ungochani husina basa hwaionekwa semhosva yehondo uye musoja akabatwa mariri akarohwa netsvimbo. Zvaitendwa kuti basa rekugamuchira rinoita kuti vaRoma "vashande," uye nekurasikirwa nechirume, anova asingabatsiri uye anotokuvadza nharaunda munharaunda yehukama nevemauto. Plutarch anorondedzera maseneti akatongera imwe Capitolina kubhadharisa faindi hombe ye "zano rakaipa" kumwanakomana wewaaishanda naye, mushure mezvo "Mutemo weScantinian" wakapihwa uchirambidza "hupombwe nevakomana nevarume."

Vadziviriri vevanhu veLBBT vanotaurawo nezve "Mabiko" aPlato, maanofungidzirwa kuti anorumbidza rudo rwevakomana nemajaya, asi ndezve rudo, kwete zvekupomba. Pfungwa ye "rudo rwekunyepedzera", iyo inotsanangura kunzwa kwepamweya kwepamusoro pasina kukwezva kwepanyama, kunotangira chaizvo mune iri basa, uye izvo zvinofungwa naPlato nezve ungochani zvinogona kuverengerwa mu "Mitemo" yake:

“Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinokurudzira bonde rechikadzi kuti rive rakabatana nebonde rechirume kubva pakuzvarwa, uye zviri pachena kuti kunakirwa neizvi kunopihwa ZVINOFANANA NEKUTI, nepo hukama hwemurume nemurume, uye mukadzi kumunhukadzi kuri KUSHINGANANA NEVANHU. Hapana munhu anofanirwa kuve nehukama neanokudzwa uye akasununguka, kunze kwemukadzi wake chaiye, uye hazvibvumidzwe kutambanudza mbeu yehupombwe pakati pevarongo kana kuva nehukama nevarume, zvinova zvisingaite, uye zvirinani kurambidza zvachose hukama pakati pevarume.

Mudzidzi waPlato, Aristotle, achitaura nezve mamiriro emhuka uye ekutyisa mubhuku reVII reNicomachean Ethics, pamwe nekudyiwa kwevanhu, trichotillomania uye parorexia, zvakare inotaura nezveungochani:

“Idzi ndidzo dzimba dzekuchengetera mhuka (uye dzimwe dzacho ndedzekupenga, senge murume akabayira nekudya mai vake, kana muranda akadya chiropa cheshamwari yake), uye, pakupedzisira, kune [nyika] sekunge zvinorwadza kana kubva [zvakaipa ] tsika, sekudambura bvudzi nekurumwa kwembambo, pamwe nemarasha nevhu. Ngatiwedzereiwo kunakidzwa kwerudo nevarume. "

"Pederasty"

Zvino ngatitarisei kuti chii chainzi "pederasty yakatenderwa" muGirisi yekare. Mumwe wevatsvakurudzi vekutanga ve sexopathology - Kraft-Ebing, panzvimbo yekuve nechirevo chechitendero chezwi rokuti "sodomy", akatanga kushandisa izwi rokuti "pederasty" sezwi resayenzi rekuiswa kwepeni mu anus. 

Panguva imwecheteyo, mumutauro wechiGiriki chekare, izwi iri rinoreva "kuda vana": pedos - mwana, mupfungwa yehudiki (kubva pamakore manomwe kusvika gumi nemashanu), erastis - rudo. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa pano kuti mururimi rwechiGiriki mune mazwi mana akasiyana mune zvinoreva - storge (στοργή), philia (φιλία), éros (ἔρως) uye agape (ἀγάπη), ayo ese anodudzirwa muchiRussia se "rudo" . Zvinoreva rudo, kuzvipira, kudavirira, hushamwari, rudo, nezvimwe. MuchiGreek chanhasi, murombo, mazwi akadzika midzi mu "nguva" anoreva kuita zvebonde, asi munguva dzekare έρωτας raishandiswa mupfungwa yehukama hwepedyo. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika pakati paHercules uye akachenjera centaur Chiron, uko wekutanga "akakundwa nerudo" akaenda kunogara naye mubako. Ehezve, hapana mubvunzo we chero sodomy pano. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune veSpartan, vakakamurwa kuva vaviri vakavimbika vanogona kurara pasi pejasi rimwe chete nekutsvodana mumwechete pamberi pehondo. Zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa kuti chirango chekuita sodomy pakati pevaSpartans kwaive kurova netsvimbo, kunonyadzisa kutapwa uye kunyangwe rufu. Sekureva kwemunyori wekare wechiRoma Claudius Elian mu bhuku rechitatu re "Rakajeka nyaya":

"Vechidiki veSpartan vanochengeta neavo vari kudanana navo, vasingazvitutumadze kana kuzvitutumadza, zvinopesana, kurapwa kwavo kunopesana neyakajairika maitiro evarume vechidiki vakomana mune dzakadai nyaya - ivo pachavo vanovakumbira kuti" vafuridzirwe "nevadikani. ; mukududzira, izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanirwa kuda vakomana. Zvisinei, rudo urwu haruna chinhu chinonyadzisa. Kana mukomana akatsunga kubvuma kusava nehunhu kwaari, kana kana mudiwa akamushinga, hazvina kuchengeteka kuti vese vagare muSparta: vachatongerwa kutapwa, uye mune dzimwe nguva kunyangwe kurufu.

Kutsvoda panguva iyoyo kwakashanda sekuratidzwa kwemanzwiro evabereki uye echokwadi uye handina hapana chirevo chepabonde (Lombroso 1895)... Sekureva kwenyaya yekare Xenophon, hukama hwemhare yakura nevakomana nemajaya hwakadzikiswa kuita hunhu hwehukama, uye kusangana pabonde kwaionekwa sekukanganisa kwakaenzana nehama nehama.

MuGreek yekare, jaya rega rega kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri, nekutenderwa nababa vake, rakazvisarudzira muenzaniso - mumwe wevagari kana vagari vazhinji. Pano nyaya iyi yaisangoitirwa kungotevedzera zvakapusa, asi yaive yakavakirwa pahukama hwakasimba, kazhinji hwakasimba kupfuura hwemhuri. Kuve "erastis" kwairemekedzwa, asi zvakare zvaisanganisira mabasa: kwete kuzviwisira pasi mumaziso emudzidzi, uye zvakatonyanya - kupomedzerwa nevagari nekurererwa zvisina kufanira kwemudzidzi. Saka chipangamazano aigona kurangwa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemudzidzi wake, pamwe nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya kana mabasa akawandisa. Kana yaive yehuori hunogona kuitika hwemudzidzi (kusanganisira huori hwepabonde), ipapo chirango cheerastis yaive rufu. “Kutaura kweAeschines. Kurwisa Timarch ", ch. 12:

"Kana chero munhu weAtene akazvidza, akashatisa, kana kusvibisa free wechidiki akasununguka, ipapo mubereki wevechidiki anofanira kutumira gwaro rakanyorwa kune vachuchisi nekuraira kurangwa kweiye ane mhosva. Kana dare rikamuwana aine mhosva, saka anofanira kuendeswa kune vanegumi nemumwe vaurayi uye aurawe pazuva rimwe chete. "Avo vanoita zvakafanana kuvaranda vanonzi vane mhosva kune imwechete mhosva."

Kazhinji, semuenzaniso wekuita bonde zvisina kufanira, ngano yaGanymede inotaurwa, umo Zeus, uyo akazova gondo, anotora jaya rakanaka kuenda kuOlympus, kwaanomuita mudiwa wake uye mudiri, achipa kusafa. Mazana emakore gare gare, vhezheni yakaratidza kuti Ganymede aivewo murongo waZeus, zvisinei, Socrates, Xenophon naPlato ramba dudziro yakadaro. Xenophon, ichinongedzera kune iyo etymology yezita (Ganu med - Nakidzwa nepfungwa), anoti Zeus aida murume wechidiki nerudo rusingaperi rwake psyche - pfungwa nemweya.

Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine mifananidzo yakajeka yepabonde ndezve lupanarias (brothels), izvo zvisingaratidzi kuti zviito zvakaratidzwa pavari zvakapararira mutsika dzechiGiriki. Kazhinji, munhu anotendeukira kumasevhisi echihure anobhadhara chimwe chinhu chisingawanikwe kwaari pasi pechinyakare mamiriro. Kuita chero generalizations pahwaro hwekuwana kwakadai kwakafanana nenyaya yekuti vanochera matongo enguva yemberi vanozowana imwe kirabhu yeBDSM uye, zvichibva pazvinhu zvakawanikwa ipapo, vanogumisa nezvetsika dzese budiriro.

Pamusoro peizvi, mizhinji yemifananidzo ye "chingochani chekare" inotenderera mucyberpace ingave yemazuva ano fake uye pastiches, kana kududzirwa zvisizvo kwehukama hwepabonde.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti ruzivo nezve ingangoita zviuru zana zvechiGreek vases zvine mifananidzo (Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum Chirongwa).

Muongorori weBritish Kenneth Dover anonyora nezve mazana matanhatu emidziyo, ayo, sekufunga kwake, "anoratidza hunhu hwechingochani kana huremu." Nekudaro, kuongororwa kwevhavha yega yega kubva kuDover runyorwa, kunoitwa nenyanzvi yechiGreek Adonis Georgiades, kwakaratidza kuti zvidzidzo zveungochani zvinocherechedzwa zvakananga pamidziyo makumi matatu chete, uye zvasara mazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe evaseti zvinoratidza magamba, hondo, uye kunyangwe vanhu vanoita zvepabondeGeorgiades 2004, peji 100)

Pamidziyo iyi makumi matatu, unogona kuwana mifananidzo yevanhurume vachisvika panhengo dzakavandika dzemukomana (idzo kazhinji mukomana anomira), kana kuyedza kunamira peni pakati pezvidya zvake kumberi. Iko hakuna kana kumwe kuratidzwa kweanogenital pabonde-pabonde, nekuti kutora chikamu muchiito chakadai kwainyadzisa uye kunogumbura murume. Vanotyisa vatendi chete vanoratidzwa mune chaiyo orogenital ngochani kusangana mumwe nemumwe, pamwe nebonde zviitiko nemhuka. Zvinokwanisika here pahwaro uhwu kupedzisa kuti kurara nemhuka (sodomy) kwaigamuchirwa kuGreek yekare uye, nekudaro, kunofanirwa kuve kwakadaro munzanga yazvino?

Sappho anobva kuLesvos

Vashandi veLGBT vanoshandisa mufananidzo wemudetembi anonzi Sappho anobva kuchitsuwa cheLesvos semucherechedzo weungochani hwevakadzi, nekuti, mumaonero avo, muzvidimbu zvidimbu zveimwe nhetembo dzake dzakapona nanhasi, pane zano rehomoerotic. Maererano ne work munyori wenhoroondo - academician A.N. Veselovsky, nhetembo yaSappho yakatsaurirwa runako rwemajaya nemhandara, pamwe nerudo, rwakabviswa kubva mukukutu kwehukama hwepanyama. Iyo Hellenic Psychiatric Association ichangobva kuburitswa basa, maererano nazvo, rudo pakati pevakadzi munhetembo dzaSappho runoratidzika kunge rweplatonic mune zvakasikwa uye rwakafanana nehukama hwaSocrates nevadzidzi vake - ndiko kuti, hukama hwepedyo hwehukama husina hukama hwepabonde.

Tichifunga kuti Sappho akazvikanda padombo nekuda kwerudo rusina kufanira kumurume, uye mumutambo wekare weAtene akafananidzirwa semukadzi ane hupombwe aive nehukama hwakawanda nevarume, chimiro chake chekufananidzira mu "gay tsika" yemazuva ano inonyanya kushamisa. Fungidziro pamusoro pezvido zvehungochani zvaSappho ingori fungidziro dzevamwe vanyori dzakaonekwa mazana emakore gare gare mushure mekufa kwake, uye, sekureva kwevazhinji vechiGiriki nevanyori venhoroondo, kuchera kwakachena.

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Icho chinhu chisingarambike chechokwadi kuti chero nzanga uko hupombwe hwaipararira nekukurumidza hwakaguma kuvapo. Vese avo vakatora sodomy
vanhu vakanyura mugomba rakadzika dzana remazana emakore, nevakararama panguva yavo, avo vakasimbisa kurambidzwa kune kuratidzwa kwepabonde, kuripo nanhasi. Seizvo nhoroondo inoratidza, apo imwe nzanga yakanyoreswa zvakashata nehunhu (izvo zvaigara zvichiperekedzwa nekuwora kwetsika), zvakakurumidza kukundwa nefungu revanhu vakavakidzana, vaive noutano uye vakasimba. Saka Girisi yekare yakawora ichibva mukati ndokuparara, uye humambo hweRoma hwakawira pasi pekumanikidzwa nevatorwa. MaHellene ekare, nemhino yavo inozivikanwa yakatwasuka isina zambuko remhino, yakadzikira uye yakatsiviwa nevanhu vakavakidzana kubva kuAsia Minor, iyo inomiririra vazhinji vevagari vazvino veGreek. Tichitarisa nezviri kuitika mukuvandudza kweWestern, ichatarisana nedambudziko rakafanana. Isu tatoona kuti maEuropean avo vakagamuchira sodomy uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa vari kutsiviwa sei nevaAfrica, maTurkey nemaArabu.

Chidzidzo chakadzama chinogona kuverengerwa kubva papeji 477 mune ruzivo uye mushumo wekuongorora "Rhetoric yengochani yekufambidzana muchiedza nesainzi chokwadi".
- doi:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9 

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¹ Mutsara muHellenic "Zvikuru seiko?" mukududzirwa naE. Frolova inonzwika seizvi: “Kana chero muAtene akava ita zvounzenza"  Ndinofanira kutaura kuti dudziro yacho yakaitwa munguva dzeSoviet, uye nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri pachena pakange pasingataurwe nezveungochani panguva iyoyo. Nekudaro, iyo yeshanduro chaiyo ichave iri: "Kana chero Athene ari 'eterisi' (ἑταιρήσῃ) - achava mudiwa wemurume... "

² Mutsara mumwe chete "Hauna kuwana mufaro here?" rakashandurwa naFrolov se "Kana paine vaAtene achaita mhirizhonga pamusoro pemukomana akasununguka ... " Shanduro chaiyo ichave iri: "Kana vamwe veAtene vakasununguka vechidiki" Ivrisi "(ὑβρίσῃ)" - chaiko "kuzvidza, kushatisa, kusvibisa".