chii chinonyatso kuzivikanwa kubva kutsvagurudzo:
Mhedziso kubva kune biological, yepfungwa uye yemagariro science

Dr. Paul McHugh, MD - Musoro weDhipatimendi rePsychchiology paJohns Hopkins University, chiremba wepfungwa anoshamisa wemakumi emakore apfuura, muongorori, purofesa uye mudzidzisi.
 Dr. Lawrence Meyer, MB, MS, Ph.D. -Sainzi muDhipatimendi rePsychchian paJohns Hopkins University, purofesa paArizona State University, nyanzvi yezvirwere, epirologist, nyanzvi mukuvandudza, kududzira uye kududzira kwezvinhu zvakaoma zvekuyedza uye kutarisa kwezvinhu zviri mundima yehutano nemishonga.

Pfupiso

Muna 2016, masayendisiti maviri anotungamira kubva kuJohn Hopkins Research University akaburitsa pepa muchidimbu zvese zvinotsvagiswa zvebayoloji, zvepfungwa uye zvemagariro mumunda wezvekuita zvepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwechikadzi. Vanyori, avo vanotsigira zvakanyanya kuenzana uye vanopokana nekusarurwa kwevanhu ve LGBT, vanovimba kuti ruzivo rwunopihwa runogona kupa simba vanachiremba, vesaenzi uye vagari - tese - kugadzirisa matambudziko ehutano akatarisana nevanhu veLGBT munharaunda yedu. 

Zvimwe zvakakosha zvekuwana kwemushumo:

CHIKAMU .. SEXUAL ORIENTATION 

• Kunzwisisa kwekuita zvepabonde senge chinhu chakazvarwa, chakatsanangurwa uye nekusarudzika maitiro - pfungwa yekuti vanhu "vanozvarwa nenzira iyoyo" - haawane humbowo musainzi. 

• Kunyangwe paine humbowo hwekuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvakadai senzungu nemahara zvinosanganiswa nehukadzi hwepabonde uye chishuwo, hapana tsananguro inonzwisisika yezvezvisakiso zvekutadza kwemunhu pabonde. Kunyangwe kusiyana kwakakosha muzvimiro zvehuropi uye zviitwa pakati pechingochani uye murume kana murume nomurume vakawonekwa semhedzisiro yekutsvaga, data rehutsinye hwakadai hariratidze kana misiyano iyi iri yemukati kana iri mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza nepfungwa. 

• Longitudinal zvidzidzo zvevechiri kuyaruka zvinoratidza kuti maitiro ekuita zvepabonde anogona kusiana akasiyana muhupenyu hwevamwe vanhu; sekutsvakwa kumwe kwakaitwa, nezve 80% yejaya jaya rakaburitsa zvakafanana-zvevatyairi vasina kudzokorora izvi pavakazova vakuru. 

• Kuenzaniswa nevarume, murume kana murume, vakadzi vanoita zvakatendana kakapetwa katatu kusvika katatu mukana wekubatwa zvisina kunaka kwevasikana.

CHIKAMU II SEXUALity, NEMPENYU HWEMPENYU NEMAHARA STRES 

• Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwevazhinji, avo vasina heterial panjodzi vari panjodzi yakawedzera yeakasiyana mhedzisiro yezvakawanda pazere nehutano hwepfungwa. 

• Iyo njodzi yekunetseka kusagadzikana munhengo dzevanhu vasiri murume nemukadzi inofungidzirwa kuve inenge nguva ye1,5 yakakwira kupfuura munhengo dzehuwandu hwevanhu vanechani; njodzi yekutanga kushungurudzika ndeye 2 nguva, njodzi yekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka inguva dze1,5 uye njodzi yekuzviuraya ingangoita nguva dze2,5. 

• Nhengo dzeruzhinji rwe transgender zvakare vari panjodzi yakakura yeakasiyana ehutano hutano hwepfungwa pane nhengo dzisiri-transgender huwandu. Kunyanya data inotyisa yakawanikwa padanho rekuyedza kuzviuraya muhupenyu hwese hwevanhu vane transgender vanhu veese mazera, iri 41% kana ichienzaniswa neisingasviki 5% yehuwandu hwese hweUS. 

• Zvinoenderana nezvinowanikwa, zvisinei, zvine hushoma, umboo, kushushikana munharaunda, kusanganisira kusarura uye kusarura, zvinowedzera njodzi yehutano hwepfungwa dzakagadzikana pakati pevasiri murume uye murume kana murume uye murume ane transgender. Yekuwedzera yakakwirira-yepamusoro kutsvaga kwenguva yakareba kunodiwa kuti iite "mhando yekushushikana munharaunda" chishandiso chinonzwisisika chehutano hweveruzhinji.

CHIKAMU III Gender IDISITSI 

• Fungidziro yekuti hunhu hwechikadzi ndihwo hwakaipa, hunhu hwakagadzika hwemunhu husina kutsamira pabonde rekuzvarwa (kuti munhu anogona kuve "murume akasungwa mumuviri wemukadzi" kana "mukadzi akasungwa mumuviri wemurume") hauna humbowo hwesainzi. 

• Maererano nefungidziro dzichangobva kuitika, pamusoro pe0,6% yevakuru veUS vanowona nehurume husingaenderane nehurema hwavo. 

• Kuenzanisa kuongororwa kwehuropi hwekuvaka kweiyo transgender uye vanhu vasiri-transgender vanhu vakaratidza kusasimba kuwirirana pakati pehuropi hwekugadziriswa uye kuyambuka-echirume kuzivikanwa Izvi zvinongedzo hazviratidzi kuti kuyambuka-kwechikadzi kuzivikanwa kune imwe nhanho kuchitsamira pane neurobiological ezvinhu. 

• Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu vese, vanhu vakuru vakavhiyiwa kurapa-kururamisa bonde vachiri nengozi yakawedzera yezvinetso zvehutano hwepfungwa. Sezvo kumwe kuongorora kwakaratidza, tichienzanisa neboka rekutonga, vanhu vakachinja bonde vaive netsika yekuedza kuzviuraya panguva dzinenge dze5, uye mukana wekufa semhedzisiro yekuzviuraya yaive nguva dze19. 

• Vana inyaya yakakosha mumusoro wevakadzi. Vashoma chete vevana vane mucherechedzo wechikadzi-vanozivikanwa vanoomerera pazviri mukukura uye mukukura. 

• Pane humbowo hwesainzi kushoma kwekurapa kukosha kwekupindira kunonoka kana kuchinja hunhu hwepabonde hwevachiri kuyaruka, kunyangwe vamwe vana vachigona kuvandudza mamiriro avo epfungwa, chero bedzi vachiwana kurudziro uye rutsigiro mukuzivikanwa kwavo kwepamuchato. Iko hakuna humbowo hunoratidza kuti vanhu vanoperekedza vanhu vane hutachiona hwepfungwa kana hunhu hunofanirwa kukurudzirwa.

Nhanganyaya

Hazvibviri kuti kuve nemisoro yakawanda yakafanana nekunetseka uye kusapindirana nemibvunzo pamusoro pehukama hwepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwechikadzi. Iyi mibvunzo inokanganisa kwazvo zvakavanzika mifungo uye manzwiro edu uye inobatsira kutsanangura munhu wese sevanhu uye senhengo yenharaunda. Nhaurirano pamusoro pezvetsika zvine chekuita nezvekuda kuita zvebonde uye kuzivikanwa kwevakadzi zvinopisa, uye vatori vechikamu vanowanzove vega, uye matambudziko anoenderana padanho rehurumende anokonzeresa kusawirirana kukuru. Nhaurirano vatori vechikamu, vatori venhau, uye vanoita zvemitemo vanowanzo taura humbowo hwesainzi hwechokwadi, uye munhau, midhiya yenhau, uye nhepfenyuro dzakafararira, tinowanzo kunzwa mazwi anoti "sainzi inoti" nezveizvi.

Iri pepa rinopa nekunyatso kuongororwa kuongororwa kwazvino kutsanangurwa kwehuwandu hukuru hwemhedzisiro chaiyo yezvidzidzo zvesainzi, zvepfungwa uye zvemagariro zvine chekuita nezvebonde uye kuzivikanwa kwevakadzi. Isu tinofunga huwandu hukuru hwemabhuku esainzi mune akasiyana siyana. Isu tinoedza kufunga nezve zvisingakwanisi kutsvagiridzwa uye kwete kutora mhedzisiro dzepamberi dzinogona kutungamira ku hyperinterpretation ye data resainzi. Nekuda kwekuwanda kwetsanangudzo uye dzisina chokwadi mune izvo zvinyorwa, isu hatngoongorore data rehumwari, asi tinotarisisa matambudziko aripo. Chirevo ichi, zvisinei, hachigadzirise nyaya dzehunhu uye hunhu; ratidzo yedu ndeye kutsvagurudza kwesainzi uye pane izvo zvavanoratidza kana zvavasina kuratidza

MuChikamu I, tinotanga nekuongororwa kwakaomarara kwezvibodzwa zvakadai sengochani, ungochani, uye bisexourse, uye tarisa kuti iwo anoratidza zvakawanda zvakadii, zvisingachinji, uye hukama hwehupenyu hwemunhu. Pamwe chete nemimwe mibvunzo muchikamu chino, tinotendeukira kune yakapararira hypothesis "vakadaro vanozvarwa", zvichienderana nekuti munhu ane tsika yekuda kuita zvepabonde; Isu tinoongorora kusimbiswa kweiyo hypothesis mumatavi akasiyana eesayenzi yezvesayenzi. Isu tinoongorora kwakabva kwekuita bonde drive kugadzirwa, danho iro bonde rinogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva, uye zvinonetsa zvinosanganisirwa nekubatanidza kuita zvepabonde kuchizivikanwa pabonde. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yemapatya uye zvimwe zvidzidzo, isu tinoongorora genetic, zvakatipoteredza uye mahomoni zvinhu. Isu tinoongorora zvakare zvimwe zvesainzi zvakawanikwa zvinobatanidza sainzi yehuropi nemafungiro ezvepabonde.

Chikamu chechipiri chinopa kuongororwa kwekuongororwa kwekutarisirwa kwezvehutano hutano pakuda kuita zvepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwechikadzi. Pakati peve lesbians, ngochani, bisexinyorwa uye transgender vanhu, pane nguva dzose njodzi yepamusoro yekushaya simba mumuviri nehutano hwepfungwa kana uchienzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu. Matambudziko akadaro ehutano anosanganisira kushungurudzika, kunetseka, kushandisa zvinodhaka uye, zvakanyanya njodzi, kuwedzera mukana wekuzviuraya. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States, 41% yehuwandu hwevanhu vane transgender vakaedza kuzviuraya, iyo yakapetwa kagumi pane iyo yehuwandu hwevanhu. Isu - vanachiremba, vadzidzisi uye masayendisiti - tinotenda kuti nhaurirano dzese dzinoenderera mberi mune iri basa dzinofanirwa kuitirwa muchiedza chezvinetso zvehutano zveveruzhinji.

Isu tinoongorora zvakare dzimwe pfungwa dzakaiswa pamberi kuti dzitsanangure idzi mutsauko mune hutano mamiriro, kusanganisira muenzaniso wekushushikana munharaunda. Fungidziro iyi, zvichienderana nekuti ndeapi akashushikana senge stigma uye rusaruro ndizvo zvinokonzeresa kutambura kwehunhu hwezvikamu izvi, hazvitsanangurire zvakazara mutsauko munjodzi dzengozi.

Kana chikamu ini ndichipa kuongororwa kwefungidziro yekuti kuita zvepabonde kuri kusinga peri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvebonde, chimwe chikamu chechikamu chechitatu chinokurukura nyaya dzakafanana nezvekuzivikanwa kwevakadzi. Biological gene (mabhaisikopo emunhurume neechikadzi) chinhu chakagadzikana chechimiro chemunhu, kunyangwe uchifunga kuti vamwe vanhu vanotambura nehurombo hwekuvandudza hutano vanoratidza hunhu huviri hwepabonde. Pane kusapindirana, kuzivikanwa kwechikadzi inzanga-yepfungwa isina hutsanangudzo chaihwo, uye chikamu chidiki diki chesainzi data chinoratidza kuti uhwu ndehwemukati, husingachinji hunhu hwezvinhu zvipenyu.

Chikamu chechitatu chinoongororawo kururamisa kwevakadzi uye data pane mashandiro avo kuderedza matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa ayo anokanganisa vanhu vazhinji vanoonekwa sevanhu vanoita transgender. Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu vese, transgender vanhu vakamboita zvepabonde nekuvhiyiwa vane ngozi yakakura yekushaya simba hwepfungwa.

Chainyanya kunetsa inyaya yekupindira kwevanachiremba kuti vadzore humhandara pakati pevechidiki vechinyakare. Varwere vanoenderera mberi vanoitisa nzira dzinovabatsira kugamuchira hutangamiri hwavanonzwa, uye kunyangwe kurapa kwehomoni nekuvhiyiwa vachiri vadiki. Nekudaro, vana vazhinji vane zita rekuti murume kana mukadzi rinoenderana nehunhu hwavo vanochinja hunhu hwavo pavanokura. Isu tine hanya uye tinonetsekana nezve hutsinye uye kusadzoreredzwa kwemamwe mapindira ayo anokurukurwa pachena munharaunda uye anoshanda kuvana.

Zvekuita zvebonde uye kuzivikanwa kwevakadzi hazvizvikweretese kutsanangudzo yakapusa yezvakarehwa. Pane musiyano muhombe pakati pekuvimba uine mazano nepfungwa idzi pamusoro peizvi, uye chii chinovhura nenzira yakasarudzika yesainzi. Takatarisana nekunetseka uye kusagadzikana kwakadai, isu tinofanira kunyanya kuzvibata tichiongorora zvatinoziva nezvisingaite. Isu tinogamuchira kubvuma kuti basa iri hachisi rekupedzesera kuongorora nyaya dzarinotaura, uye hachisi chokwadi chakazara. Hapana imwe nzira sainzi ndiyo chete nzira yekunzwisisa izvi zvinoshamisa kunzwisisa uye zvinetso zvinetso - kune zvimwe zvinowanikwa huchenjeri nezivo, zvinosanganisira art, chitendero, uzivi uye ruzivo rwehupenyu. Uye zvakare, ruzivo rwakawanda rwesainzi munzvimbo ino harwuna kufambiswa. Pasinei nezvose, tinovimba kuti ongororo iyi yemabhuku esainzi ichabatsira kuvaka hwaro hwakafanana hweyakajeka uye hwakajekeswa munhau mune zvematongerwo enyika, nyanzvi uye sainzi nharaunda, uye nerubatsiro rwayo isu, sevagari vanoziva, tinogona kuita zvakanyanya kuderedza kutambudzika uye kusimudzira hutano. uye kubudirira kwevanhu.

CHIKAMU I - Kusangana pabonde

Zvisinei nekutenda kwakapararira kwekuti kurara kwevanhu inzira yemukati, isingachinji, uye hupi hunhu hwemunhu, zvekuti munhu wese - ngochani, ngochani, uye vanofarira zvimiro zvebhaibheri - "vanozvarwa nenzira iyoyo," chirevo ichi hachitsigirwe neuchapupu hwakakwana hwesainzi. Muchokwadi, iwo iwo chaiwo iwo mafungiro ezvekuita zvepabonde anonyanyisa kupindirana; inogona kuenderana nehunhu hwemaitiro, kumanzwiro ekukwezva uye kune pfungwa yekuzivikanwa. Semhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvefungidziro, hukama husina kukosha hwakawanikwa pakati pezvinhu zvegomarara uye kutyaira kwepabonde uye maitiro, asi hapana data rakakosha rakawanikwa rairatidza chaiwo majini. Kune zvakare humbowo hwehumwe hypotheses nezvezvinhu zvipenyu zvinokonzerwa neungochani, kukwezva uye kuzivikanwa, semuenzaniso, nezvemhedzisiro yemahormone mukugadzirwa kwe intrauterine, zvisinei, izvi data zvine mashoma. Nekuda kwekuongororwa kwehuropi, mimwe misiyano pakati peungochani uye murume kana murume nevechirume vakawanikwa, asi zvaive zvisingaite kuratidza kuti misiyano iyi ndeyemukati, uye haina kuumbwa pasi pesimba rekunze kwezvakatipoteredza pazvinhu zvepfungwa nepfungwa. Kurongeka kwakawanikwa pakati pehushe-hwepabonde uye chimwe chezvinhu zvekunze, zvinonzi kubatwa chibharo semhirizhonga yekushungurudzwa kwevechidiki, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuonekwawo mukuwandisa kwepamusoro kweanokuvadza kwehutano hwepfungwa mune zvidiki-zvisingagumi zvevanhu vasiri ivo vanoita zvepabonde kana vachienzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu. Kazhinji, iyo data yakawanikwa inoratidza mwero wakati wekusiyana kwemhando yezvishuwo zvepabonde uye maitiro - mukupesana nemafungiro ekuti "vakadaro vanozvarwa", izvo zvisina kukodzera kuomesa kusanzwisisika kwezvinoitika zvehukombwe hwevanhu. 

verenga CHIKAMU I (PDF, 50 mapeji)

CHIKAMU II - Zvepabonde, hutano hwepfungwa uye Kushushikana Kwemagariro

Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu vese, mapoka asiri ehukama uye transgender vane huwandu hwakawedzera hwehutano hwepfungwa sekushushikana kusagadzikana, kushungurudzika uye kuzviuraya, pamwe nehunhu uye zvinetso zvemagariro, kusanganisira kushungurudza zvinodhaka nemhirizhonga kune waunobata naye. Tsananguro inowanzoitika yeichi chiitiko mumabhuku esainzi ndiyo mhando yekushushikana munharaunda, maererano neyavanoshungurudzika magariro ayo nhengo dzeizvi zvitsauko dzinoiswa pasi - kusarura uye kusarura - ndivo vane mhosva yeakasiya migumisiro yehutano hwepfungwa. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti, kunyangwe paine simba rakajeka rekushushikana munharaunda pakuwedzera njodzi yekukudziridza chirwere chepfungwa mune idzi nharaunda, ivo kazhinji vanogona kunge vasina mhosva yakazara yekusanzwisisika kwakadaro.

verenga CHIKAMU II  (PDF, 32 mapeji)

CHIKAMU III - Gender Kuzivikanwa

Pfungwa yebonde yekubereka yakanyatsotsanangurwa pahwaro hwezvinangwa zvebhinari zvevarume nevakadzi mukati mekubereka. Kusiyana neizvozvo, pfungwa yechikadzi haina tsanangudzo yakajeka. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kurondedzera maitiro uye epfungwa maitiro ayo anowanzoita hunhu hwakati. Vamwe vanhu vano zivikanwa muhurume husingaenderane nehurema hwavo. Zvikonzero zvekuzivikanwa uku parizvino hazvinzwisisike. Inoshanda kuongorora kana vanhu vanobva kune transgender vane humwe hunhu hwemuviri kana zviitiko zvakafanana nevechisikana, sehuropi hwechimiro kana atypical prenatal mahormone madhara, pari zvino havatenderi. Gender dysphoria - pfungwa yekusanzwisisana pakati pewe pachako kuberekwa pabonde uye murume kana murume, achiperekedzwa nekunetseka kwakanyanya kukonzeresa chirwere kana kukanganiswa - dzimwe nguva kurapwa muvakuru vane mahormone kana kuvhiyiwa, asi pane humbowo hushoma hwesainzi hwekuti kurapwa uku kunobatsira. Sezvinoratidzwa nesainzi, matambudziko ekuzivikanwa kwevakadzi muvana kazhinji haapfuuri mukuyaruka uye achikura, uye humbowo hushoma hwesainzi hunopa zvikomborero zvekurapa zvekunonoka kutora nguva. Isu tine hanya nezvekukura kuri kuita kwevana vane dambudziko rekuzivikanwa kwevakadzi kuti vachinjire kumurume wavo akasarudzika kuburikidza nekurapa uyezve nemaitiro ekuvhiya. Iko kudikanwa kwakajeka kwekutsvaga kwekuwedzera munharaunda ino.

Verenga CHIKAMU III (PDF, 29 mapeji)

KUSVIRA

Zvakakodzera, zvakaberekerwa zvekutsvagira mhinduro zvinogona uye zvinogona kukanganisa sarudzo dzedu pachedu uye kuzviziva uye panguva imwechete zvinomutsa hurukuro yemagariro, kusanganisira tsika nemagakava ezvematongerwo enyika. Kana chidzidzo chacho chichigadzirisa nyaya dzinopokana, zvakakosha kuve neruzivo rwechokwadi rwechokwadi rwezvinowanikwa nesainzi uye zvisiri. Pazvinhu zvakaomarara, zvakaoma maererano nehunhu hwebonde hwevanhu, pane kurangana kwekubvumirana kwesainzi; zvakawanda zvinoramba zvisingazivikanwe, nekuti zvepabonde chikamu chakaomarara chehupenyu hwevanhu, chinopesana nemiedzo yedu yekuona zvese zvikamu zvayo nekudzidzidza zvakanyatsojeka.

Nekudaro, kumibvunzo iri nyore kutsvaira zvine simba, semuenzaniso, padanho rehutano hwakashata hwepfungwa muzvikamu zvinozivikanwa zvehupombwe, zvidzidzo zvichiri kupa mimwe mhinduro dzakajeka: izvi zvitsauko zvinoratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushungurudzika, kunetseka, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye kuzviuraya zvichienzaniswa neruzhinji rwevanhu. Imwe pfungwa - nzira yekushushikana munharaunda - vanopokana kuti kusarura, rusarura, uye rusaruro ndizvo zvakakonzera kuwanda kwezvikamu zvehutano hwepfungwa zvezvikamu izvi, uye zvinowanzotaurwa senzira yekutsanangura uyu mutsauko. Semuenzaniso, avo vasiri ivo vanoita zvechirikadzi uye vanhu vanoita zvechisimba vanowanzoiswa pasi pekushushikana munharaunda uye kusarura, zvisinei, sainzi haina kuratidza kuti izvi zvinhu zvega zvinogumisa zvizere, kana kuti kazhinji kunyanya, mutsauko wehutano hwehutano pakati pezvikamu zvevasiri vanhukadzi uye vanopesana uye ruzhinji rwevanhu. Kutsvaga kwakawandisa kunodiwa munzvimbo ino kuyedza iyo hypothesis yekushushikana kwemagariro uye kumwe kutsanangurwa kwakaringana kwekusiyanisa mamiriro ehutano, pamwe nekutsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa zvinetso zvehutano mune izvi zvidimbu.

Zvimwe zvezvitendero zvakapararira pamusoro pehukombwe, semuenzaniso, fungidziro "vanozvarwa nenzira iyoyo," haingotsigirwi nesainzi. Mumabasa pane ino musoro, hushoma hushoma hwezvakasarudzika pakati pevasiri murume kana murume kana murume nevarume vanonyatsotsanangurwa, asi izvi zvipenyu zvakasiyana hazvina kukwana kufanotaura nezvepfungwa, iyo ndiyo yekupedzisira bvunzo yesayenzi. Pane tsananguro dzechekuita nezvebonde dzakatsanangurwa nesainzi, chirevo chakasimba chakadai seichi: zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakasarudzika zvinoita kuti vamwe vanhu vatadze kutevedzera hunhu.

Mufungo wekuti "izvi vanozvarwa" zvakanyanya kuoma kuzvizivisa kana uri mukadzi. Mune imwe nzira, chokwadi chekuti isu takazvarwa tiine humwe hutano hwakasimbiswa nekutarisirwa kwakananga: huwandu hwevanhurume hunowonekwa sevarume, uye vazhinji vakadzi sevakadzi. Icho chokwadi chekuti vana (vasina kujairika kunze kwehermaphrodites) vanozvarwa nemurume kana mukadzi pabonde kuberekwa hakurukurwe. Bonde rezvisikwa rinoita mabasa ekuenzanisa mukubereka, uye pane huwandu hwesimba uye hwepfungwa pakati pevepabonde pane huwandu hwehuwandu. Nekudaro, nepo kubereka kwechikadzi kuri hunhu hwemunhu, kuzivikanwa kwechikadzi ndiyo pfungwa yakaoma kunzwisisa.

Kana tichifunga nezvesainzi zvinyorwa, zvinoitika kuti hapana chinonzwisisika zvizere kana tichiedza kutsanangura kubva pakuona kwe biology zvikonzero zvinoita kuti vamwe vataure kuti hunhu hwavo hwechikadzi hahuenderane nehurema hwavo. Nezve mhedzisiro yakawanikwa, zvirevo zvinowanzoitwa kupokana navo mukuenzanisa sampuri, pamusoro pazvo, havafungi nezvekuchinja munguva uye havana simba rekutsanangudza. Tsvagurudzo iri nani inodiwa kuti uone kuti iwe unogona kubatsira sei kudzikisa danho rehutano hwepfungwa uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwevatori vechikamu mukukurukurirana kwezvinhu zvakavanzika munzvimbo ino.

Zvakangodaro, kunyangwe kusaziva kusagadzikana kwesainzi, kupindira kwakanyanya kunorayirwa uye kuitirwa varwere vanozvizivisa ivo kana vanoonekwa sevanopindirana. Izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kunetsa kana vana vazova varwere zvakadaro. Mumishumo yepamutemo, tinowana ruzivo nezve kurongwa kwekurapa uye nekuvhiyiwa kwevakawanda vevana vezera rekutanga, vamwe vacho vane makore matanhatu chete, uyezve nekurapa mhinduro kune vana kubva pamakore maviri. Isu tinotenda kuti hapana munhu ane kodzero yekusarudza chiziviso chemurume kana musikana aine makore maviri. Tine kusahadzika pamusoro pekuti masayendisiti anonyatsonzwisisa sei pfungwa yakagadziriswa yevakadzi vavo inoreva kumwana, asi, zvisinei neizvi, isu tine shungu dzekuti marapiro aya, marapiro ekurapa uye ekuvhiya mashandiro asina kuenzana nekunetseka kwekushushikana, vechidiki ava vanoziva, uye, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, vanenge vasati vamboita mwana, nekuti vana vazhinji vanocherekedza murume kana murume kana murume pabonde, vachiva vakuru, vanoramba chiratidzo ichi. Uye zvakare, kune dzisina kukwana dzakavimbika zvidzidzo zvenguva yakareba mhedzisiro yekupindira kwakadaro. Tinokurudzira kuchenjerera munyaya iyi.

Mumushumo uyu, takaedza kuburitsa seti yezvidzidzo nenzira yekuti zvainzwisisika kune vakawanda vateereri, kusanganisira nyanzvi uye nevaverengiwo zvavo. Vanhu vese - masayendisiti uye vanachiremba, vabereki nevadzidzisi, vamiriri vemitemo uye vanoita zvekuratidzira - vane kodzero yekuwana ruzivo rwakakwana nezvekuda kuita zvepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwevakadzi. Kunyangwe paine kusawirirana kwakawanda mumagariro edu munharaunda yenhengo dzeLBBT, hapana maonero ezvematongerwo enyika kana etsika anokanganisa kudzidza nekunzwisisa kwenyaya dzehutano nezveveruzhinji uye kupihwa rubatsiro kune vanhu vari kurwara nepfungwa. kuzivikanwa

Basa redu rinoratidzira mamwe madhairekisheni ekutsvagisa mune ramangwana mune zvehupenyu, zvepfungwa uye zvemagariro sainzi. Kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa kuti uone zvikonzero zvekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa mune LGBT subpopulations. Iyo modhi yekushushikana munharaunda, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukutsvagisa pamusoro penyaya iyi, inoda kunatswa uye, sezvingabvira, ichiwedzeredzwa nedzimwe pfungwa. Uye zvakare, hunhu hwekuvandudza uye shanduko muzvido zvebonde muhupenyu hwese, hwakawanda chikamu, hazvinzwisisike. Empirical research inogona kutibatsira kuti tinzwisise zvirinani hukama, hutano hwepabonde, uye hutano hwepfungwa.

Kutsoropodzwa uye kukwikwidza kwenhengo dzese dzepadigem "dzakazvarwa dzakadaro" - zvirevo zvese pamusoro pechokwadi uye nekugadziriswa kwekuda kuita zvepabonde, uye chirevo chine chekuita nekuzvitonga kwemunhukadzi pabonde kubva pabonde --- inomutsa mibvunzo yakakosha nezvebonde, tsika dzebonde, munhukadzi, uye munhu uye nzanga. zvinobatsira kubva pamaonero matsva. Dzimwe dzenhau idzi dzinodarika chiyero cheiri basa, asi izvo zvatakaongorora zvinoratidza kuti pane musiyano muhombe pakati pehurukuro yeruzhinji uye zvakawanikwa nesainzi.

Kutsvaga kwakadzama uye kunyatso tsanangudza, kududzira zvakadzama mhedzisiro kunogona kusimudzira kunzwisisa kwedu kwekuita zvepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwechikadzi. Pachine basa rakawanda uye mibvunzo isati yatambira mhinduro. Isu takaedza kururamisa uye kurondedzera setiro yakaoma yezvidzidzo zvesainzi pane dzimwe dzenyaya idzi. Tinovimba kuti uyu mushumo uchabatsira kuenderera mberi nekukurukurirana kwakazaruka nezve zvepabonde kwevanhu uye kuzivikanwa. Tinotarisira kuti chirevo ichi chinoita kuti zviite zvakanaka, uye tinozvigamuchira.

Chinhu