Morero oa 10, o nkang lebitso la oona tšōmong ea hore motho a le mong ho ba leshome ke mosodoma, o thehiloe ka 1984 Los Angeles. Morero oa morero ona, ho latela mosuoe oa li-lesbiene Virginia Uribe, ea o thehileng, ke "ho kholisa baithuti, ho qala kerecheng, ho amohela boits'oaro ba basodoma e le ntho e tloaelehileng le e lakatsehang." O itse ho a hlokahala ho sebelisa makhotla a mmuso ho qobella likolo ho jala leseli ka bosodoma. Ho ea ka eena, "bana ba lokela ho utloa sena, ho tloha kerecheng ho ea sekolong se phahameng, hobane mohopolo oa khale oa ho bua ka ona sekolong se phahameng ha o sebetse."
O ile a lumela: “Ena ke ntoa ... Ha e le 'na, ha ho na sebaka sa ho nahanisisa ka letsoalo. Re tlameha ho loana ntoa ena ".

Sebaka: Hlooho ea Tšebeletso ea Federale ea Tlhokomelo ea Tšireletso ea Litokelo tsa Bareki le Boiketlo ba Botho Popova A.Yu

Kopitsa: Hlooho ea Lefapha la Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Epidemiology ea Rospotrebnadzor V.V. Pokrovsky

Ratehang Anna Yurievna!

Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky lebitsong la Rospotrebnadzor o boletse [1] bohlokoa ba thuto ea thobalano likolong.

1. Re u kopa hore u etse lipatlisiso tsa ka hare 'me u fumane hore na ke boitsebiso bofe ba saense le lipalo-palo Vadim Valentinovich a entseng polelo ena e phahameng. Na e entsoe e le karolo ea phethahatso e foufetseng ea litlhoko tsa mekhatlo ea machaba Russia?

2. Ka kopo, hlahloba hore na Vadim Valentinovich o sebetsa e le moemeli oa kantle ho naha mabapi le ho bua ka tlhokahalo ea "thuto ea thobalano" bakeng sa bana ba Russia, le hore na o na le tokelo ea ho bua molemong oa Rospotrebnadzor.

3. Re u kopa hore u hlahlobe ho tšoaneleha ha setsebi sa Vadim Valentinovich mabapi le ho se lumellane ha lipolelo le ho hatelloa ha lintlha.

4. Re u kopa hore u hlahlobe litumellano tsa machaba tsa Federation ea Russia bakeng sa ho lumellana le maano a ntlafatso a ikemetseng, ho kopanyelletsa le paballo ea baahi (litumellano tsa Machaba a Kopaneng li reretsoe ho fokotsa sekhahla sa tsoalo), le ho khothalletsa ho ikhula litumellanong tseo tse sa lumellaneng le Molao oa Motheo. Russia Federation le leano la nts'etsopele ea Russia.

5. Re u kopa hore u ithute phello ea "thuto ea ho kopanela liphate" e khothalletsoang ke Machaba a Kopaneng, ho ngolisoa ka molao ha botekatse le ho felisoa ha mehato ea ho thibela ho ntša mpa ka tšireletso ea epidemiological ea Marussia, liphello tsa bophelo bo botle le palo ea batho.

6. Etsa polelo ea molao mabapi le liphetho tsa lipatlisiso.

Ho ithuta maikutlo a litsebi, ho ile ha ngolloa boipiletso ho Lekala la Thuto la Russia Federation, ho kopanyelletsa le libaka tsa libaka, tse bontšang mehloli le liqeto, ka tlhahiso ea ho hlahloba tlhokahalo ea ho kenyelletsa thuto ea thobalano likolong. Likarabo tse sa tsitsang li ile tsa amoheloa ka ho se amohelehe ha tšusumetso e joalo ho bana, le ho ba sieo ha merero ea ho kenyelletsa "thuto ea thobalano". Mafapha a bolela hore mosebetsi oa bona o reretsoe ho theha moea oa tlhompho e akaretsang bakeng sa malapa a setso le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro, khōlisong ea moea le boitšoarong ba bana.

Boemong bona, khothatso ea moemeli oa Rospotrebnadzor ka kenyelletso ea "seksprosvet" e shebahala bonyane e sa sebetse.

likhothaletso tsa komiti ea UN

Komiti ea Machaba a Kopaneng (CEDAW) ke sehlopha sa litsebi tse ikemetseng tse okametseng ho kengoa tšebetsong ha mekha ea Linaha tsa Tumellano ea Pheliso ea Mefuta Eohle ea Khethollo Khahlanong le Basali. Ts'ebetsong ea selekane sena (joaloka litokomane tse ling tse ngata tsa Machaba a Kopaneng) e fokotsehile ho timetsoa ha lelapa la setso, ho kenyelletsa le ka thuto e khahlanong le ho tsoaloa ha bacha, e hlahisoang e le "thuto ea thobalano".

Sena le litumellano tse ling tsa machaba li sebelisoa ke baitseki ba LGBT ho buella mesebetsi ea bona.

Ho phaella takatsong ea ho theha mosebetsi oa mekhatlo e ikemetseng ea Bophirimela sebakeng sa Russia ntle le ho ngolisoa ke baemeli ba bona ba tsoang linaheng lisele, komiti ea Machaba a Kopaneng e khothalletsa [2] ho hlahisa leano le pharaletseng le lebisitsoeng ho basali le banna likarolong tsohle tsa sechaba, ho akarelletsa le baeta-pele ba bolumeli. , e le ho "felisa likhopolo le maikutlo a bapatriareka mabapi le karolo le boikarabelo ba basali le banna ka lapeng le sechabeng ". Ho fihlela sena, ho khothaletsoa ho kenyelletsa kharikhulamong e tlamang ea likolo tsa mathomo le tse mahareng thuto e felletseng ea bophelo bo botle ba thobalano le thari le litokelo tse amanang le banana le bashanyana le ho lumella botekatse ka molao (sengoloa sa 6.11 sa Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso), ha ho felisoa mehato ea ho thibela ho ntša mpa.

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, komiti ea Machaba a Kopaneng e batla ho tsoa Russia ho timetsoa ha mekhoa ea setso, ho kopanyelletsa le baeta-pele ba bolumeli, ho kenyelletsa "thuto ea thobalano", ho felisoa ha thibelo ea ho ntša mpa le ho lumella botekatse ka molao, ho kenyeletsa le thuso ea baemeli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Ka 1994, ho ile ha tekenoa Litumellano tsa Cairo, tse neng li bua ka tsoalo ea batho, sebopeho sa lelapa le thobalano. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong e ne e le ho fokotseha hoa pelehi, e ileng ea hlahisoa sekoahelong se se nang boikaketsi sa tekano ea botona le botšehali, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba mosali ba ho ba le bana le tlhompho bakeng sa litokelo tsa hae tsa ho ba le bana (ke ho ntša mpa le ho nyopa). Joalokaha mehato e tobileng ea ho fokotsa baahi e ne e thathamisitsoe "thuto ea thobalano", lithibela-pelehi le mashano a khahlanong le tsoalo.

Litlhokahalo tse joalo li hanana le merero ea leano la nts'etsopele ea Russia Federation le ho nyenyefatsa ts'ireletso ea batho ba Russia, e hanana le taelo ea mopresidente "Ka merero ea ntlafatso ea naha ea Russia Federation bakeng sa nako ho fihlela 2030", e bonts'ang tlhoko ea ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng. kholo ea baahi ba Russia Federation, 'me e ka lebisa ho fokotseha ha bokhoni ba ho ba le bana le nako ea bophelo ea Marussia.

Boiphihlelo ba machaba ts'ebetsong ea thuto ea thobalano

E rometsoe ke CDC ka selemo sa 2017, tlhahlobo ea meta-thuto [3] eo ho thoeng e pakile katleho ea mananeo a "thuto ea thobalano" e fumane hore e ne e le ea boleng bo tlase ba mokhoa mme e na le liphetho tse hanyetsanang tse neng li sa lumelle ho etsa liqeto tse hlakileng.

Tlhahlobo ea selemo hamorao [4] ha ea ka ea fumana bopaki ba hore mananeo a thuto ea thobalano sekolong a atleha ho fokotsa boimana ba bacha, ho thibela HIV le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano.

Tlhahlobo e ’ngoe: “Na mananeo a sekolo a thibela HIV le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho bacha?” O ile a fihlela liqeto tse tšoanang [5]: “Lithuto, ho kopanyelletsa le liteko tse laoloang ka mokhoa o sa reroang, e ne e le tsa boleng bo tlaase ba mekhoa ’me li ne li e-na le liqeto tse tsoakaneng tseo li neng li ke ke tsa khona ho li etsa. fana ka lebaka le kholisang bakeng sa katleho ea mananeo a sekolo. "

Ka 2019, bafuputsi Setsing sa Lipatlisiso le Tlhahlobo (IRE) ba phatlalalitse phuputso ea lefats'e e shebileng likhatiso tsa mahlale tse hlahlobang mekhoa e 'meli e fapaneng ea thuto ea thobalano: Thuto e Felletseng ea Thobalano (CSE) le Ho Itela ho fihlela Thuto ea Thobalano e Kopanetsoeng (AE) [6]. Joalo ka ha bangoli ba tlhahlobo ena ba ngola, "Ha ho ahloloa ka litekanyetso tse nepahetseng, pokello ea lintlha tse 103 tsa lithuto tse matla le tsa morao-rao tsa CSE, boleng bo lekiloeng ke litsi tse tharo tse tummeng tsa mahlale (UNESCO, CDC le HHS), li bontšitse bopaki bo fokolang ba katleho ea CSE ho. boemo ba sekolo le liphello tse ngata tse mpe. Har'a bopaki bo fokolang bo botle, hoo e batlang e le bohle ba ile ba amoheloa ke baetsi ba lenaneo 'me ha baa ka ba phetoa. Lilemo tse mashome a mararo tsa lipatlisiso li bontša hore thuto e felletseng ea thobalano ha se leano le sebetsang la bophelo bo botle ba sechaba liphaposing tsa borutelo lefatšeng ka bophara le hore mananeo ana a ka ba kotsi".

U ka khetholla joang mesebetsi ea batho ba lekang ho qobella mokhoa o sa sebetseng le o kotsi ho bana ba rona? Na Rospotrebnadzor e ka khothaletsa lijo tsa bana, melemo ea eona e sa pakoang mme ho na le bopaki ba kotsi ho bophelo bo botle? Mme ho thoe’ng ka “tsebo ea ho kopanela liphate”?

Litlamorao tsa kenyelletso ea mekhoa ea thuto ea thobalano ho latela mekhoa ea WHO

Lintlha tsa United States li fanoe ke CDC [7]. Ho bile le keketseho e matla le e tsitsitseng ea liketsahalo tsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano (STD) lilemong tsa morao tjena. Litefiso tsa STD li eketsehile bakeng sa selemo sa bohlano se latellanang [8] 'me li fihlile maemong a rekotiloeng. Linyeoe tsa congenital syphilis (tse fetisoang ho tloha ho 'm'a ho ea ho ngoana nakong ea bokhachane) li eketsehile ka 2017% ho tloha 2018 ho isa 40. Congenital syphilis e ka lebisa ho senyeheloa ke mpa, ho tsoala lesea le shoeleng, lefu la lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa, le mathata a tebileng a bophelo bohle ba 'mele le methapo. Setšoantšo se tšoanang se bonoa Engelane. Ho ea ka lintlha tsa mmuso, pakeng tsa 2014 le 2018, palo ea ho hlahlojoa ha chlamydia ho banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna e eketsehile haholo - MSM (61%: ho tloha 11 ho ea ho 760), syphilis (18%: ho tloha 892 ho ea ho 61) le gonorrhea ( 3527%: ho tloha ho 5681 ho ea ho 43) [18].

Naheng ea Netherlands [10], palo ea batho ba nang le syphilis e eketsehile ka 2016% ka 30 ha e bapisoa le 2015. Keketseho ena e bakoa haholo-holo ke keketseho ea palo ea batho ba hlahlojoang ke MSM, ba nang le HIV le ba se nang eona. Liteko tsa mafu a likobo Setsing sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Thobalano (CSG) ka 2019 li bonts'itse [11] hore liperesente tsa batho ba anngoeng ke mafu a likobo li eketsehile ha li bapisoa le 2018. Palo ea litlhahlobo tsa syphilis e eketsehile ka 16,8%, le gonorrhea - ka 11%, haholo-holo ka lebaka la MSM.

Chlamydia ke lefu le tšoaetsanoang ka ho kopanela liphate le atileng haholo Finland. Ka 2019, ho ile ha fumanoa linyeoe tse ka bang 16 tsa ts'oaetso ea chlamydia, e leng sekete ho feta ka 200. Ena ke sekhahla se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa selemo se kileng sa tlalehoa ho Registry ea Naha ea Mafu a Tšoaetso. Ho ata ha tšoaetso ho etsahala haholo har'a bacha: hoo e ka bang 1000% ea ba fumanoeng ba ne ba le lilemo li 2018-80. Kotsi ea gonorrhea le syphilis le eona e eketsehile [15].

Bo-rasaense ba Australia ba ngola ka "gonorrhea e atileng har'a banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba basodoma" [13].

Jeremane, nakong ea ho tloha 2010 (selemo sa khatiso ea mokhoa oa "thuto ea thobalano" WHO) ho 2017, liketsahalo tsa syphilis li eketsehile ka 83% ho isa ho 9,1 ho baahi ba 100 [000].

Ntle le moo, palo ea batho ba nang le lithahasello tsa bosodoma har'a bacha e ntse e eketseha, 'me palo ea batho ba nang le bothata ba bong - "dysphoria ea tekano", e ntse e eketseha joalo ka seoa, ha keketseho e lekanang ea ts'oaetso ea MSM e sa hlalose. Keketseho ea palo ea batho ba LGBT ka keketseho ea ho buleha ha ba arabelang [leshome le metso e mene].

Ho ea ka Yougov [15]: "Ka 2019, ho ne ho batla ho e-na le halofo ea" batho ba bong bo fapaneng ka ho feletseng "har'a Britons ba lilemo li 18-24 ho feta har'a batho ba sehlopha sa batho ba baholo (44% bapisoa le 81%). Haeba ka phuputso e tšoanang ka 2015 ke 2% feela ea bacha ba neng ba itsebahatsa "ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng", joale lilemo tse 4 hamorao palo ea bona e ile ea eketseha ka makhetlo a 8 - ho fihlela ho 16%.

Har'a batho ba ratang bosodoma, ho na le keketseho ea boitšoaro bo kotsi le tšoaetso. Tšebeliso ea likhohlopo e ntse e fokotseha, 'me bo-rasaense ba bolela esale pele ho fokotseha ho eketsehileng ha tšebeliso ea likhohlopo [16].

Ho tsoa webosaeteng ea CDC [17]: “MSM (banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna) ba kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke HIV le mafu a mang a likobo le a baktheria hobane ba etsa thobalano ka morao. The rectal mucosa ke ka tsela e sa tloaelehang ho hlaseloa ke likokoana-hloko tse itseng tsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano. Ho feta moo, balekane ba bangata ba thobalano, tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea lithethefatsi, le matla a marang-rang a MSM a eketsa kotsi ea HIV le mafu a likobo sehlopheng sena. Palo ea tšoaetso ea HIV e fokotsehile haholo har'a MSM ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1980 ho ea bohareng ba bo-1990. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ka nako eo, MSM United States le hoo e batlang e le linaheng tsohle tse tsoetseng pele indastering li ’nile tsa e-ba le maemo a eketsehileng a syphilis ea pele (ea pele, ea bobeli, kapa ea ho lieha ho fihla kapele), gonorrhea, tšoaetso ea chlamydial le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa boitšoaro bo kotsi ba ho kopanela liphate.”

Vadim Valentinovich puong ea hae, ha a bua ka boemo ba tšoaetso ea HIV Bophirimela, e thotsehore phokotso ena ha ea finyelloa ka ho fokotsa boitšoaro ba kotsi ba batho, haholo-holo basodoma, empa ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi har'a lihlopha tse kotsing. Ka nako e ts'oanang, eena ka boeena oa lumela hore tšoaetso ea HIV e hlaha ho bacha ba lilemo tse 23-25, empa o tsitlella ho kenyelletsa thuto ea thobalano likolong, eseng ka mor'a hore e phethoe ka lihlopha tse tlokotsing - har'a matekatse, basodoma le makhoba a lithethefatsi.

Lengolo la Lekala la Bophelo la Russia Federation la la 22 March, 2018 N 15-3 / 10 / 2-1811 "Ka liketsahalo tsa tšoaetso ea HIV ho bana" le re: "Mafu a tšoaetso ea HIV ho bana a bakoa haholo-holo ke phetiso ea HIV ho tloha ho 'm'a ho ea ho ngoana".

Tlhahisoleseding ea hore batho ba bong bo fapaneng e se e le eona tsela e ka sehloohong ea tšoaetso ea HIV, botsitse tokomaneng (tekolo ea HIV / AIDS Europe 2020: data ea 2019) [19], e bolelang hore datha mabapi le batho ba bong bo fapaneng "e lokela ho hlalosoa ka hloko" hobane "Lithuto tse ling tse entsoeng karolong e ka bochabela ea Setereke li fumane hore tlhahisoleseling mabapi le litsela tsa phetisetso e kanna ea ba le liphoso, kaha bakuli ba bangata ba tlalehiloeng e le mafu a batho ba bong bo fapaneng ba na le nalane ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa, tabeng ea banna, thobalano pakeng tsa banna.". Sena se boetse se hlokomeloa ke Setsi sa AIDS [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] le litsebi tse ling tse tsitlallelang tlhokahalong ea thibelo ea HIV lihlopheng tse tlokotsing, e leng har’a banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna, ba lulang e le baetapele ba phetiso ea HIV EU/EEA.

Tlaleho ea Europe, e hlalosang mehato ea ho loantša seoa sa HIV, e pheha khang ea hore e lokela ho thehoa bopaking ba saense (lintlha tsa saense tse pakang katleho ea "thuto ea thobalano", ha ho na) 'me e thathamisa mehato e kenyelletsang ho hlahloba, ho etsa liteko khafetsa, tsebiso ea molekane. , pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) e tsepamisitseng maikutlo ka ho khetheha ho fihlelleng lihlopha tse ka sehloohong tse tlokotsing [basodoma, banna ba ratanang le banna ba bang le banna ba bang ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM), matekatse, makhoba a lithethefatsi]. Tlaleho ha e bue ka tlhokahalo ea thuto ea thobalano bakeng sa bana likolong, kaha boholo ba mafu a tšoaetsanoang a hlaha ka ntle ho sekolo ha a le lilemo tse mahareng tsa 37.

Bana ba Serussia esita le ntle le "seksprosvet" ba fumana boitsebiso bo lekaneng mabapi le sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea ho ikatisa lithutong tsa baeloji, 'me ba tloaelane le mafu a likobo le mekhoa ea thibelo ea bona ka molumo o feletseng le o hlokahalang lithutong tsa OBZH. Tlaleho ea FBSI ea Central Research Institute of Epidemiology ea Rospotrebnadzor e re "karolo ea bacha le bacha e fokotsehile ka 2020 ho ea ho 0,9%; ka 2000, ba ikarabella bakeng sa 24,7% ea linyeoe tse ncha tsa tšoaetso ea HIV, 'me ka 2010 - 2,2% ”. Naheng ea Russia, ka 1996, ho ile ha etsoa boiteko ba ho khanna lithuto tsa liteko ka thuto ea thobalano, ha ho ntse ho e-na le keketseho e matla ea mafu a likobo.

Ka 2006, Yekaterinburg, batsoali ba likete tse 6 ba ile ba batla ho emisa "khothatso ea bophelo bo botle", e ileng ea hlahisoa ke setsi sa mokhoa "Kholis", ka thuso ea United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ho se khotsofale ha batsoali ho ile ha tšehetsoa ke litlhahlobo tse mpe haholo tsa Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, Academy of Civil Service tlas'a Mopresidente oa Russia Federation le Setsi sa Sechaba sa Saense sa Narcology sa Roszdrav. Ho ne ho bonahala eka potso ea "thuto ea thobalano" e ile ea qetella e koetsoe ho ba boholong ba phahameng, empa potso e ile ea phahamisoa ho tloha moo ba neng ba sa e lebella - ho tloha Rospotrebnadzor.

Clause 9.6 ea melao ea bohloeki le epidemiological ea SP 3.1.5.2826-10 lumella ho laela litaelo tsa saense unsubstantiated ho lefapha la thuto, e leng e ka fetoha bothata ba tshireletso ya naha le ho hanyetsana le lipakane tsa leano ntshetsopele ya Federation ea Russia - moruo oa naha, kaha lithuto tsa thuto ea thobalano. li khothaletsoa e le karolo ea mekhoa ea ho fokotsa sekhahla sa tsoalo.

Mehato e sebetsang ea ho fokotsa ho ata ha HIV le mafu a mang a likobo e ka ba ho hlahisoa ha likotlo tsa botlokotsebe bakeng sa ho khothaletsa bosodoma, bokhoba ba tahi, le litloaelo tsa thobalano tseo e seng tsa tlhaho.thobalano ea ka morao), ho hloka bana; ho fokotsa ho ajoa ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le lintho tse ling tse amang bana ba phelang bophelo bo kotsi. Ho sebetsa le lihlopha tse tlokotsing.

Lipheo tsa "ho tseba ka thobalano"

Re etsa tlhahiso ea ho ithuta sengoloa se qaqileng haholoanyane sa sehlopha "Saense ea 'nete»[https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/] ka lipakane le liphello tsa ts'ebetsong ea "thuto ea thobalano" ho latela mekhoa ea Machaba a Kopaneng.

Phuputso e entsoeng ke Univesithi ea Akron e fumane hore thuto ea thobalano e fella ka hore liithuti li be le mamello le ho fokotsa bora ba ho kheloha ho kopanela liphate (eo ntle ho pelaelo e khothalletsang ho kenya letsoho ho tsona).

Motsamaisi oa Ts'ebeletso ea Bohlale ba Kantle ho Naha (SVR) Sergei Naryshkin o ile a etsa lipolelo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa kopanong ea machaba ea litaba tsa ts'ireletso Ufa. O na le tšepo ea hore tlas'a boikaketsi ba "ho lokolla batho" mabotho a tsamaiso e ncha ea lefats'e a loana ntoa e nang le morero khahlanong le litekanyetso tsa setso le boitsebiso ba naha. Tabeng ena, bacha ba tlas'a ts'ebetso e phethahetseng ka ho fetisisa.

"Bakeng sa ho akofisa khoholeho ea moelelo oa bong, boleng ba lelapa le lenyalo, ho ntse ho kenoa tšebetsong mananeo a ho ntšetsa pele" litokelo "tsa sechaba sa LGBT, ho jala mehopolo ea botšehali bo fetelletseng ... tlhokomeliso. Ho hlakile hore batho ba joalo ke lintho tse loketseng ho qhekelloa, haholo haeba ba tšoere iPhone e hokahantsoeng le marang-rang. "

Litumeliso tse ntle, sehlopha sa Science for Truth

Lingoliloeng

1. https://lenta.ru/news/2020/12/04/sekposvett/
2. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (link e khutšoanyane https://vk.cc/bVLoGS).
3. Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Na Mananeo a Thehiloeng Sekolong a Thibela HIV le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka Thobalano ho Bacha? Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea Meta. Prev Sci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
4. Marseille, E., Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA et al. Katleho ea Mananeo a Thibelo ea Boimana ba Bacha a Thehiloeng Sekolong USA: Tlhahlobo e Hlophisitsoeng le Tlhahlobo ea Meta. E fetileng Sci 19, 468-489 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0861-6
5. Mirzazadeh A, Biggs MA, Viitanen A, Horvath H, Wang LY, Dunville R, Barrios LC, Kahn JG, Marseille E. Na Mananeo a Thehiloeng Sekolong a Thibela HIV le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka Thobalano ho Bacha? Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea Meta. Pele ho Sci. 2018 May; 19 (4): 490-506. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0. PMID: 28786046.
6. Ericksen, Irene H., le Weed, Stan E. (2019). "Ho Hlahlobisisa Hape Bopaki ba Thuto e Feletseng ea Thobalano e Thehiloeng Sekolong: Tlhahlobo ea Lipatlisiso tsa Lefatše." Litaba tsa Molao le Bongaka, 34(2):161-182.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2019/2018-STD-surveillance-report.html
9. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables
10. https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/sexually-transmitted-infections-including-hiv-in-netherlands-in-2016
11. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html
12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. Callander D, Guy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; FINYELLO Tšebelisano. Gonorrhea e se e hlaha: sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa gonorrhea le mabaka a kotsi a amanang le banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ba kenang litleliniki tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano tsa Australia. Bophelo bo Botle ba Thobalano. 2019 Sep; 16 (5): 457-463. doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. PMID: 30409244.
14. Mercer CH, Fenton KA, Copas AJ, Wellings K, Erens B, McManus S, Nanchahal K, Macdowall W, Johnson AM. Keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea likamano le litloaelo tsa basodoma ba banna Brithani 1990-2000: bopaki bo tsoang liphuputsong tsa menyetla ea naha. AIDS. 2004 Jul 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. PMID: 15199322.
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16. Fairley CK, Prestage G, Bernstein K, Mayer K, Gilbert M. 2020, mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano le HIV ho li-gay, bisexual le banna ba bang ba kopanelang liphate le banna. Bophelo ba thobalano. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
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19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Karabo ea 1 ho Senator Pavlova M.N.

Ke ile ka tlameha ho ngola boipiletso ba bobeli ho sena ho itokolla.

Karabelo e fumanoeng ea la 04.03.2021/09/3929 No. 2021-05-XNUMX-XNUMX, boipiletsong ba sehlopha “Saense ea 'nete", e rometsoeng ke Senator ea Russia Federation Pavlova Margarita Nikolaevna, e entse hore ke se ke ka nahana feela ka bokhoni ba Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky, empa hape le ka bokhoni ba Rospotrebnadzor ho Irina Viktorovna Bragina, eo karabo ea hae e ileng ea 'makatsa e le ho se mamele. moralo (karabo e na le sehlooho se reng "Ka ho etsa liteko mabapi le kenyelletso ea tikoloho ea thuto ea dijithale"), le ho hloka motheo ha liqeto tse tsoang tlalehong ea Setsi sa Europe sa Taolo ea Mafu. Ka nako e ts'oanang, likhang, mehloli, tlhahiso ea ho ithuta litumellano tsa machaba tsa Russia Federation ka boipiletso "Saense ea 'Nete" li ile tsa hlokomolohuoa.

Rospotrebnadzor e bitsoa ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba batho, 'me haeba batho ba sa tsebeng ho sebetsa le mehloli ea saense le lipalo-palo ba kopanela mosebetsing ona, bophelo bo botle bo kotsing e totobetseng, e ka nkoang ke' Muso oa Russia Federation. ka liqeto tse nepahetseng tsa mokhatlo.

Ho ea ka molao oa Rospotrebnadzor, "Hlooho ea Ts'ebeletso ea 'Muso bakeng sa Tlhokomelo ea Tšireletso ea Litokelo tsa Bareki le Boiketlo ba Botho ke eena ka boeena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ho phethahatsa mesebetsi e abetsoeng Tšebeletso. Hlooho ea Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare e na le batlatsi ba khethiloeng le ho lelekoa ke 'Muso oa Federation ea Russia ka tlhahiso ea hlooho ea Tšebeletso.

A re ke re hlahlobeng liphoso tse ling karabong ea Irina Viktorovna

Na ho ratana ha batho ba bong bo fapaneng e se e le mokhoa o atileng oa phetiso ea HIV?

Taba ea hore mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa phetiso ea tšoaetso ea HIV e se e le oa batho ba bong bo fapaneng, botsitse tokomaneng e boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa ke Irina Viktorovna (tekolo ea HIV / AIDS Europe 2020: data ea 2019), e bolelang hore data e mabapi le batho ba bong bo fapaneng "e lokela ho hlalosoa ka hloko", hobane "Lithuto tse ling tse entsoeng karolong e ka bochabela ea Setereke li fumane hore tlhahisoleseling mabapi le litsela tsa phetisetso e kanna ea ba le liphoso, kaha bakuli ba bangata ba tlalehiloeng e le mafu a batho ba bong bo fapaneng ba na le nalane ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa, tabeng ea banna, thobalano pakeng tsa banna.". Sena se boetse se hlokomeloa ke Setsi sa AIDS [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] le litsebi tse ling tse tsitlallelang tlhokahalong ea thibelo ea HIV lihlopheng tse tlokotsing, e leng har’a banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna, ba lulang e le baetapele ba phetiso ea HIV EU/EEA.

Qeto e sa utloahaleng mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa phokotseho ea tšoaetso ea HIV le thuto ea thobalano

Ha a qotsa "tebello ea HIV / AIDS Europe 2020: data ea 2019" Irina Viktorovna o bontša hore Fora ketsahalo ea HIV e phahame ka makhetlo a 2 ho feta Jeremane, ha a ntse a etsa ka bohanyetsi sephetho mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa thuto ea HIV le thobalano mekhatlong ea thuto, e leng tlamo Jeremane. Ho feta moo, Irina Viktorovna o ngola ka tlhokahalo ea ho atolosa mananeo a joalo a thuto Russia. Ena ke tseko e se nang bopaki, kaha tokomane e boletsoeng ha e etse qeto e joalo ebile ha e bue ka mananeo a thuto ea thobalano ho hang. Irina Viktorovna o siea tlhahisoleseling ea hore ka 2019, ha e bapisoa le 2018, Jeremane eketseha Kokoana ea HIV ho tloha ho 3,5 ho ea ho 3,7 ho baahi ba 100. EMPA naheng ea Fora, moo ho sa hlokeheng "tsebo ea ho kopanela liphate" - fokotseha. Estonia, moo thuto ea thobalano e tlamang, tšoaetso ea HIV e phahame ho feta ea Jeremane le Fora li kopane. Ho phaella moo, Jeremane, hammoho le US le Europe, liketsahalo tsa mafu a likobo tse ling li ntse li eketseha, ho sa tsotellehe ho kenyelletsoa ha lithuto tsa thuto ea thobalano, e leng se bontšang mabaka a mang a ho fokotseha ha tšoaetso ea HIV. Jeremane, pakeng tsa 2010 le 2017, liketsahalo tsa syphilis li eketsehile ka 83% ho isa ho tse 9,1 ho baahi ba 100.

Tlaleho ea Europe, e hlalosang mehato ea ho loantša seoa sa HIV, e re li lokela ho thehoa bopaking ba saense (lintlha tsa saense tse pakang katleho ea "thuto ea thobalano" - che) 'me e thathamisa mehato e kenyelletsang ho hlahloba, ho etsa liteko khafetsa, tsebiso ea molekane, pele ho nako. -exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) e tsepamisitseng maikutlo ka ho khetheha ho fihletseng lihlopha tse ka sehloohong tse tlokotsing [basodoma, banna ba ratanang le banna ba bang le banna ba bang ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM), matekatse, makhoba a lithethefatsi]. Tlaleho ha e bue ka tlhokahalo ea thuto ea thobalano bakeng sa bana likolong, kaha boholo ba mafu a tšoaetsanoang a hlaha ka ntle ho sekolo ha a le lilemo tse mahareng tsa 37. Ka lebaka leo, ha Irina Viktorovna a bua ka tokomane ea WHO ke boiteko ba ho ipiletsa ho balaoli ba bohata (argumentum ad verecundiam), 'me karabo ea hae, e sa thehoang boitsebisong ba tokomane e boletsoeng, e reretsoe ho khelosa senator ea Russia Federation.

Bana ba Russia, esita le ntle le "thuto ea thobalano", ba fumana boitsebiso bo lekaneng mabapi le sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea ho ikatisa lithutong tsa baeloji, 'me ba tloaelane le mafu a likobo le mekhoa ea thibelo ea bona ka botlalo le ka mokhoa o hlokahalang lithutong tsa polokeho ea bophelo. Tlaleho ea FBUN ea Central Research Institute ea Epidemiology ea Rospotrebnadzor e bolela hore "Palo ea bacha le bacha e fokotsehile ka 2020 ho 0,9%; e bile karolo ea 2000% ea batho ba tšoaelitsoeng HIV ka 24,7 le 2010% ka 2,2.”. Russia, ka 1996, ho ile ha etsoa boiteko ba ho khanna lithuto tsa liteko thutong ea thobalano, ha ho ntse ho e-na le keketseho e matla ea mafu a likobo.

Nalane ea ipheta

Ka 2006, Yekaterinburg, batsoali ba likete tse 6 ba ile ba batla ho emisa "khothatso ea bophelo bo botle", e ileng ea hlahisoa ke setsi sa mokhoa "Kholis", ka thuso ea United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ho se khotsofale ha batsoali ho ile ha tšehetsoa ke litlhahlobo tse mpe haholo tsa Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, Academy of Civil Service tlas'a Mopresidente oa Russia Federation le Setsi sa Sechaba sa Saense sa Narcology sa Roszdrav. Ho ne ho bonahala eka potso ea "thuto ea thobalano" e ile ea qetella e koetsoe ho ba boholong ba phahameng, empa potso e ile ea phahamisoa ho tloha moo ba neng ba sa e lebella - ho tloha Rospotrebnadzor.

Temana ea 9.6 ea melao ea bohloeki le epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 e boletsoeng karabong e lumella ho laela litaelo tse se nang motheo tsa saense ho lefapha la thuto, le ka fetohang bothata ba ts'ireletso ea naha le ho hanyetsa lipakane tsa leano la nts'etsopele ea Russia Federation - ho pholosa. batho, kaha lithuto tsa thuto ea thobalano li buelloa e le karolo ea mekhoa ea ho fokotsa tsoalo.

Mehato e sebetsang hantle ea ho fokotsa ho ata ha HIV le mafu a mang a likobo e ka ba ho hlahisoa ha likotlo tsa botlokotsebe bakeng sa ho khothaletsa bosodoma, transsexualism, tahi, litloaelo tse sa tloaelehang tsa thobalano (ho kopanela liphate ka morao), ho hloka bana; ho fokotsa kabo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le lintho tse ling tse amang bana bophelong bo kotsi. Ho sebetsa le lihlopha tse tlokotsing.

Ho kenya letsoho ho thibela tlhahisoleseding e kotsi ka Rospotrebnadzor ha e na thuso, lisebelisoa li fumaneha liwebsaeteng tsa sechaba, libaka tsa ho amohela livideo, mabenkele a libuka, cinema le thelevishene.

Re tlameha ho nyelisa basebetsi-'moho le rona Serussia bakeng sa ho khutsa feela (likhatisong tsa saense), tse ka bapisoang le ho eka, hobane ba utloisisa hore liphetoho tsa sechaba li itšetlehile ka liketsahalo tsa tikoloho ea saense, haholo-holo litabeng tsa kelello le kelello, moo, tlas'a khatello e tsoang ho baitseki ba LGBT ho bo-ramahlale, mathata a mang le a mang a psychosexual a amoheloa e le a tloaelehileng mme a khothaletsoa e le boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng: pele bosodoma, ebe transsexualism le sadomasochism le pedophilia, e sa bakeng ho tšoenyeha ho mokuli. Ho latela eng?

Boipiletso ba sehlopha sa "Saense ea 'Nete", se neng se tšehetsoa ke batho ba fetang likete tse 40, ho etsoa tlhahiso ea ho thusa bo-rasaense mosebetsing ona o thata - ho boloka bobusi ba saense ba Russia: "Fana ka monyetla bakeng sa bo-rasaense ba Russia ho hlalosa boemo ba bona ba saense ntle le tšabo bakeng sa mesebetsi ea bona le meputso ea bona. Karolo ea bonase ea meputso ea bo-rasaense e itšetlehile ka mosebetsi oa khatiso. Tlas'a maemo a "ho nepahala ha lipolotiki" le censorship, likhatiso tsa Bophirima le Serussia tse nang le tšusumetso e matla ha li phatlalatse mesebetsi e hananang le leano la depathologization ea boitšoaro ba depopulation (propaganda ea bosodoma, transsexualism le liphapang tse ling tsa psychosexual), tse behang ntho e sa lebelloang. khatello ea tlhahiso ea mahala ea boemo ba mahlale. Bo-rasaense ba tšosoa pepenene ke bompoli ba botona le botšehali.” [https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/].

Ho motho oa Rospotrebnadzor, sechaba se ka rata ho bona molekane, eseng li-compradors le basebetsi-'moho ba lekang ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ho senya bana ba Russia.

Qetellong, ke kopa pheta boipiletso bo rometsoeng pele, ka kopo ea ho e nka ka botebo, ka ho ela hloko lintlha le mehloli, liketso tse reriloeng..

Karabo ea 2 ho Senator Pavlova M.N.

Popova A.Yu.

Sehlopha "Saense bakeng sa 'Nete" ka Senator Margarita Nikolaevna Pavlova rometsoe boipiletso ho hlooho ea Rospotrebnadzor Anna Yuryevna Popova mabapi le polelo ea Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky mabapi le "bohlokoa ba thuto ea thobalano likolong".

Ka mor'a karabo ea pele, e ileng ea khelosa senator, ka lebaka la ho ameha ka botumo ba Rospotrebnadzor, boipiletso ba bobeli bo ile ba romeloa ho bontša mefokolo ea khang ea karabo.

Karabo A.Yu. Popova o ile a makatsoa ke karabo ea motlatsi oa hae. Likopo tsohle tse 6 tsa boipiletso li ile tsa hlokomolohuoa.

A.Yu. Popova, lebitsong la Rospotrebnadzor, o ile a fana ka karabo ea bobeli, moo a lekang hape ho khelosa Senator M.N. Pavlov le sechaba sa machaba sa Russia. Mohlomong ntle le ho nahana hore ho kenngoa ha mekhoa e sa lumellaneng le saense ea thuto ea thobalano, e sa tloaelehang ho litekanyetso tsa batho ba naha ea rona, ho ka lebisa mathateng a merabe.

"Thuto ea ho kopanela liphate" e khothalletsoa e le karolo ea "ho rarolla mathata a ho eketseha ha baahi", e hanyetsanang ka ho toba le merero ea leano la Russia Federation ho eketsa sekhahla sa tsoalo.

Likhang tsohle le mehloli ea boipiletso ba rona khafetsa ho Rospotrebnadzor li ile tsa hlokomolohuoa. Boipiletso ba boraro bo tlameha ho ngolloa litšebeletso tse khethehileng, 'Muso le mekhatlo ea ts'ebetsong ea molao.

A.Yu. Popova, ho sa tsotellehe boitsebiso ba saense bo fanoeng ka kotsi kapa ho hloka thuso ha "thuto ea thobalano", ho sa tsotellehe lintlha tsa ho eketseha ha palo le baahi ba LGBT linaheng tse sebelisang "thuto ea thobalano", ho fapana le tlaleho ea Europe e khothalletsang mehato e thehiloeng bopaking. ka lihlopha tse kotsi (ho hlahlobisisa, ho etsa liteko khafetsa, tsebiso ea balekane, pre-exposure prophylaxis bakeng sa banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng, ba ratanang le ba bang le banna ba bang ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM), matekatse, makhoba a lithethefatsi), ho sa utloahaleng E bolela hore: "Tikoloho ea thuto ke e 'ngoe ea tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho hlophisa mosebetsi oa thibelo ea HIV/AIDS har'a bacha le bacha". Ha re ntse re iphapanyetsa seo ka botlalo Tšoaetso ea HIV e etsahala ha motho a le lilemo li bohareng ba lilemo tse 37. Lengolo la Lekala la Bophelo la Russia Federation la la 22 March, 2018 N 15-3/10/2-1811 "Ka ketsahalo ea tšoaetso ea HIV ho bana" e re: "Tšoaetso ea HIV baneng e bakoa haholo-holo ke tšoaetso ea HIV ho tloha ho 'm'a ho ea ho ngoana".

Ho e-na le karabo mabapi le hore na data ea saense le lipalo-palo V.V. Pokrovsky o ile a bua ka bohlokoa ba "thuto ea thobalano", A.Yu. Popova o bontšitse seo Ka lilemo tse fetang 35 o 'nile a sebetsa ka botsebi bothateng ba ho thibela ho ata ha tšoaetso ea HIV Russia Federation le, e thehiloeng ho lilemo tsa boiphihlelo, e hlalosa tlhokahalo ea koetliso e hlophisitsoeng ea thibelo ea tšoaetso ea HIV ea thobalano likolong tsa thuto. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ha e hlalosoe hore na mosebetsi o joalo oa setsebi o atlehileng oa Vadim Pokrovsky o lebisitse ho mpefala ha boemo ba lefu la seoa.

Potso ke hore, ho tloha ha phihlelo ea mosebetsi ea V.V. Pokrovsky, eseng lipampiri tsa saense le lithuto tse hatisitsoeng, e ile ea e-ba bopaki ba tlhokahalo ea ho kenella bophelong ba thobalano ba bacha? Lilemo tse ngata tsa phihlelo ha li bue letho ka katleho ea eona 'me ha li na bopaki bo tiileng ba bohlokoa ba "thuto ea thobalano".

Ho e-na le ho buella “thuto ea ho kopanela liphate” ho bana, V.V. Pokrovsky e tlameha ebe e khothalelitse mehato e sebetsang ea ho fokotsa palo ea batho ba MSM le boitšoaro ba kotsi. Mehato ea ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea HIV le mafu a mang a likobo e ka kenyelletsa ho hlahisoa ha likotlo tsa botlokotsebe bakeng sa ho khothaletsa bosodoma, transsexualism, tahi, botekatse, bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, mekhoa e sa tloaelehang ea thobalano (ho kopanela liphate ka morao), ho hloka bana; ho fokotsa kabo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le lintho tse ling tse amang bana bophelong bo kotsi. Ho sebetsa le lihlopha tse tlokotsing (basodoma, batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng le banna ba bang ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM), matekatse, makhoba a lithethefatsi).

Re ne re tšepile hore Rospotrebnadzor e tla nka karolo ka mafolofolo ho ithuteng phello ea "thuto ea thobalano" le mekhoa e meng ea ho fokotsa sekhahla sa tsoalo se khothalletsoang ke Machaba a Kopaneng, liphello tsa bona bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le palo ea batho, hape le ho hlahloba litumellano tsa machaba tsa Russia Federation bakeng sa ho lumellana. ka maano a ntlafatso a ikemetseng a Russia.

Ka pel'a Rospotrebnadzor, sechaba se ka rata ho bona setsoalle, eseng li-compradors le basebetsi-'moho, ba lekang ho hlahisa mekhoa ea bobolu ba bana ba Russia ka litlhahiso tsa Komiti ea Machaba a Kopaneng (CEDAW), e hlokang hore Russia e senye mekhoa ea setso, ho kenyeletsa le batho ba bolumeli, kenyelletso ea "thuto ea thobalano", ho felisoa ha thibelo ea ho ntša mpa le ho lumelloa ha botekatse ka molao, har’a lintho tse ling ka thuso ea baemeli ba linaha tse ling.

Rospotrebnadzor e bitsoa ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba batho, 'me haeba batho ba sa tsebeng ho sebetsa le mehloli ea saense le lipalo-palo ba kopanela mosebetsing ona, bophelo bo botle bo kotsing e totobetseng, e ka nkoang ke' Muso oa Russia Federation. ka liqeto tse nepahetseng tsa mokhatlo.

PES
Ka kopo (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) e rometsoe ke motlatsi ho motlatsi oa State Duma ea Russia Federation, setsebi sa ka ho sa feleng le sebui sa 2nd WG mabapi le thuto, khōliso le nts'etsopele e pharaletseng ea bana ba Lekhotla la Sechaba tlas'a Mokomishinara oa Litokelo tsa Bana tlas'a Mopresidente oa Russia Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor ha e e-s'o arabe.

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"Thuto" ea thobalano likolong - thekenoloji ea bongata