E like me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka "innateness" o ka homosexual attraction, ʻōlelo pinepine nā mea hana LGBT aʻo neuroscientist ʻo Simon LeVay mai 1991, kahi āna i ʻike ai he like ka nui o ka hypothalamus o nā kāne "homosexual" me nā wahine, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he kāne kāne. He aha ka mea i ʻike maoli ai ʻo LeVay? ʻO ka mea āna i ʻike ʻole ai, ʻo ia ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano o ka lolo a me ka makemake o ka moekolohe. 

Ua alakaʻi ʻo LeVay i kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā hopena o nā autopsies. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā kumuhana i ʻekolu pūʻulu - 6 wahine "heterosexual", 19 mau kāne "homosexual" i make i ka maʻi AIDS, a me 16 mau kāne "heterosexual" (ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i nā kaha puʻupuʻu, no ka mea, ʻo ka makemake o ka mea i make i ka manaʻo nui) . I kēlā me kēia hui, ua ana ʻo LeVay i ka nui o kahi ʻāpana kūikawā o ka lolo i ʻike ʻia kolu kikowaena waena o ke kūloko o ka hypothalamus anterior (INAH-3). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā mau nuclei i loko o ka hypothalamus. ma ka nui mai ka 0.05 a hiki i ka 0.3 mm³, i helu ʻia: 1, 2, 3, 4. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o INAH-3 e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone male hormone i loko o ke kino: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka testosterone, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka INAH-3. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo LeVay, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o INAH-3 i nā kāne male kāne ma mua o nā kāne heterosexual, a kokoke i ka nui o ka wahine. A ʻoiai ua komo ka laʻana i nā "homosexuals" me ka nui o ka nui INAH-3 a me nā "heterosexuals" me ka liʻiliʻi loa, e like me ka LeVay, ʻo ka ʻikepili i loaʻa e hōʻike ana "he kumu koʻikoʻi ko ka sexual orientation."

Nui nā hemahema o ka hana ma ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ʻana a LeVay, a ʻo ia nō ka mea i koi ʻia e haʻi pinepine, akā ua hāmau ka pāpāho e pili ana iā lākou. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ke ʻano pilikia o ke koho ʻana o nā mea noiʻi: ʻaʻole maopopo iā LeVey nā ʻano moe kolohe a ka hapa nui o ka poʻe āna i aʻo ai i ko lākou wā e ola ana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia iā lākou ma ke ʻano he "heterosexual" a i ʻole "heterosexual ʻoi loa" e pili ana i ka nui o nā kāne heterosexual i ka heluna kanaka. 

ʻO ka lua, ʻike maopopo ʻia i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ma ke kahua pae haʻahaʻa o ka testosterone, ua ʻike ʻia, ʻelua ma muli o ka hopena o ka maʻi a ma muli o nā hopena hopena o ka mālama ʻana. Mai nā hōʻike a LeVay, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka INAH-3 i ka wā hānau a haʻalele ʻole i ka mea hiki ke hoʻemi ma luna o ke ala. Hana ʻo LeVey i ka waiho i ka ʻatikala:

"... ʻaʻole ʻae nā hopena iā mākou e hoʻoholo inā ʻo ka nui o INAH-3 kahi kumu a hopena paha o ka moekolohe o kekahi kanaka, a i ʻole hoʻololi paha ka nui o INAH-3 a me ka moekolohe ma lalo o ka mana o kekahi kolu o nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia" (LeVay 1991, ka p. 1036).

ʻO ke kolu, ʻaʻohe kumu e haʻi me ka maopopo me ka loaʻa ʻole o LeVey i kekahi mea. Nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo Ruth Hubbard lāua ʻo Elijah Wald i nīnau ʻia ʻaʻole wale ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena a LeVay, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻokoʻa nui. ʻOiai ua kuhikuhi ʻo LeVey ʻo ka awelika o ka INAH-3 ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hui o nā homosexual prospective ma mua o ka hui o nā heterosexual prospective, e ukali ia mai kāna hopena i like ka nui a me ka palena iki o nā helu i nā helu like like i nā hui ʻelua. Wahi a ke kānāwai o ka mahele maʻamau, aia i ka helu nui loa o nā ʻano ʻona nā palena o kēia ʻano ponoʻī i ka pae waena, a he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā mea nona nā palena o ka waiwai nui loa. 

E like me nā lula o ka helu helu helu, no ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pūʻulu kumuhana ʻelua, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike i kahi ʻāpana i loaʻa ʻole ka mahele maʻamau. Ma ke aʻo ʻana a LeVay, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o INAH-3 i ka hapa nui o nā kāne "homosexual" a me kekahi mau kāne "heterosexual", a ma ke ʻano maʻamau i ka nui o nā kāne "heterosexual" a me kekahi "homosexuals." Ma muli o ka hikiʻole ke hoʻoholo i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka nui o ka hypothalamus a me ka moekolohe. ʻOiai inā e hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻokoʻa o ka lolo, ua like ko lākou koʻikoʻi me ka ʻike ʻana ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻiʻo o ka poʻe haʻuki ma mua o ka poʻe maʻamau. He aha nā hopena e hiki iā mākou ke huki ma muli o kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo? Hoʻoulu paha ke kanaka i nā ʻiʻo nui ma o ka pāʻani ʻana i nā haʻuki, a i ʻole he predisposition kūlohelohe i nā ʻiʻo nui e hoʻolilo i ke kanaka i mea pāʻani? 

A ʻo ʻehā, ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo i ka mea e pili ana i ka pili o ka moe kolohe a me INAH-3 i nā wahine.

Pono e haʻi ʻia ʻo LeVey, nāna i hūnā i kona mau mea hoʻomāne like ole i ka maʻi male. Wahi a ia: "Ua manaʻo wau inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kekahi mea, e haʻalele loa wau i ka ʻepekema" (Newsweek xnumx, ka p. 49). Eia naʻe, ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau 1994, ua hōʻoia ʻo LeVey:

"… He mea nui e hoʻokalakupua ʻaʻole wau i hōʻoia i ka male a male ʻole a loaʻa ke kumu kumu i ka wahine ʻAʻole wau i hōʻike e "hānau ʻia pēlā" nā kāne kāne - ʻo kēia ke kuhi hewa maʻamau a lākou e hana ai. nā kānakaka wehewehe ʻana i kaʻu hana. ʻAʻole nō i loaʻa iaʻu kahi "kikowaena gay" i ka lolo ... ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou inā aia nā ʻokoʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma ka hānau ʻana a i hōʻike ʻia ma hope. ʻAʻole pili kaʻu hana i ka nīnau inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka moe kolohe ma mua o ka hānau ʻana ... "(Nimmons xnumx).

ʻIke kekahi ʻoihana loea i ka palekona neʻe i kahi ʻano like ʻole e like me ka neuroplasticity - ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻiʻo iwi e hoʻololi i kāna hana a me ka pae ʻana i ka wā o ke ola o ke kanaka ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole, he mau hōʻeha (hōʻeha, hoʻohana waiwai), a me ke ʻano (Kolb 1998). ʻO nā hanana lolo, no ka laʻana, hoʻololi mai o ka'ōpūnoho i loko a aloha hale hana pakahi.

I ka makahiki 2000 hui o nā ʻepekema hoʻopuka i nā hopena o ka hōʻike ʻāhane ma nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa Lākana. Ka mea, no ka mea hana kaʻa kaʻa, ka ʻona i kuleana no ka koikoi spatial ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā poʻe i ka hui hoʻokele i hana ʻole ʻia ʻoi loa i nā kaʻa hoʻokele. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o kēia ʻāpana i hilinaʻi pololei i ka nui o nā makahiki i hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi kaʻa. Inā ʻimi ka poʻe noiʻi i nā pahuhopu kālaiu, ua hiki iā lākou ke ʻōlelo i kahi mea like: "Pono kēia mau kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka lima pololei a me nā wahi a lākou e hana ai, pono ia e hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ka ʻaoʻao hema - no ka mea i hānau ʻia kēlā."

I kēia lā, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia kahi waihona hōʻike hōʻoia i ka manaʻo ʻana o ka palalike o nā ʻili ʻelua o nā palekona o ka nui a me ka hypothalamus i ka maʻi (Nā luaʻai xnumx; Kuai 2014; Mainardi 2013; Hatton xnumx; Theodosis 1993), no laila, i ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā ʻōlelo i ʻōlelo ʻia e LeVey iā ia iho i 1994, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻia o kāna noiʻi ʻana i ka hypothesis o ka moʻomeheu o ka male o ka male.

KAHUIA NO KA PONO O KA LEIKI

ʻAʻohe mea i hoʻoponopono i ka hopena o LeVey. I ka hana ana o 2001 o ka makahiki, hui noiʻi mai New York mai kahi like like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā wahi like o ka hypothalamus e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻo LeVay, akā me ka ʻike piha he nui a me ka wehe ʻana i nā kumuhana. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o INAH-3 me ka homosexuality. Ua pane aku nā mea kākau e: 

"… ʻAʻole hiki ke wānana ʻia ka ʻike moekolohe ma muli o ka nui o INAH-3…." (Byne xnumx, ka p. 91).

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea, ʻaʻole loa ka ʻike o ka pilina o ka helu ma waena o nā ʻano i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ʻOiai inā ua hōʻoia ʻia nā hopena o nā noiʻi a LeVey, e hōʻike wale lākou i ke kū ʻana o ka neuropathology. Inā kūpaʻa ka meli o ke kāne ma mua o 1,6 kg ʻo 1,2 kg, e like me ka wahine o ka wahine, a laila hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi ʻano kuʻuna. Pili ka like me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka nui o ka atypical, a me ke kiko o ka hypothalamus.