Parizvino, kune nzira mbiri dzekupiwa rubatsiro rwepfungwa kurapa hungochani-dystonics (avo ngochani vanoramba tsika yavo yebonde). Mukuwirirana neyekutanga, ivo vanofanirwa kuchinjika kumafungiro ezvido zvavo zvebonde uye kuvabatsira kujairana nehupenyu munharaunda ine heterochani zviyero. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi zvinotsigira kana kuti ngochani affirmative therapy (eng. Simbisa - kusimbisa, simbisa). Maitiro echipiri (kutendeuka, kusangana pabonde, kupindurudza, kusiyanisa mushonga) kunoitirwa kubatsira varume nevakadzi kuti vade maitiro avo ezvepabonde. Yekutanga kwenzira idzi yakavakirwa pane fungidziro yekuti ungochani hausi kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Iyo inoratidzwa muICD - 10 uye DSM - IV.

Semaonero edu, pamwe nepfungwa yevanotungamira vanachiremba vepakutanga uye vezvematongerwo enyika vekuUkraine neRussia (V.V. Krishtal, G.S. Vasilchenko, A.M. Svyadoshch, S.S. Libikh, A.A. Tkachenko), ungochani hunofanirwa kutaurwa kune kusagadzikana kwekuda kwepabonde (paraphilia) [1, 2]. Iwo iwo mafungiro akagovaniswa nevazhinji nyanzvi muU.SA uye, kunyanya, nhengo dzeNational Association dzeKutsvaga uye Kurapa kweungochani; NARTH yakagadzirwa mu1992 [3]. Chokufarira ndiwo mafungiro pane iyi nyaya yepurofesa-psychiatrist Yu .. V. Popov - mutevedzeri. Dhairekita wekutsvagisa, Musoro weDhipatimendi reAdolescent Psychiatry, St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute yakazonzi V. M. Bekhterev, izvo zvisina kutaurwa mumabhuku edu apfuura pane dambudziko raikurukurwa. Anotarisa kuti "pamusoro petsika, magariro, tsika zviri pamutemo, zvakatemwa zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune imwe nyika dzakasiyana, madzinza uye zvitendero, zvakanaka kutaura nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa. Semaonero edu, iyo yakakosha kiiniro kwekutsanangurwa kwese kwemaitiro kana kuti zvipenyu (sezviri pachena, izvi ndezvechokwadi kune zvese zvipenyu) inofanira kunge iri mhinduro kumubvunzo kana idzi kana shanduko idzi dzikabatsira mukupona nekubereka mhando kana kwete. Kana tikatarisa mune ino chikamu chero vamiririri vevanonzi vanoita zvepabonde zvidiki, saka ivo vese vanopfuura kupfuura kwomuzvarirwo zvakajairwa ”[4].

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kusazivikanwa kweungochani semagariro ezvepabonde kunoratidzwawo mune yekiriniki bhuku "Models yekuongororwa uye kurapwa kwechirwere chepfungwa uye maitiro" yakarongedzwa naV. N. Krasnov, I. Ya. Gurovich [5], yakabvumidzwa ne6 musi waAugust 1999. Order No. 311 yeI Ministry of Health yeRussia Federation [6]. Iyo inoratidza chinzvimbo cheFederal Sayenzi neyeMechnical Center ye Medical Medicalology uye Sexopathology (Moscow) pane iyi nyaya. Maonero akafanana anoitwa kuDhipatimendi reBonde uye Medical Psychology yeKharkov Medical Academy yePostgraduate Dzidzo yeHurumende yehutano hweUkraine [7].

Parizvino, vezvekurapa nenharaunda yose vari kuyedza kumisikidza pfungwa yekuti kurara pamwe kwehutano hwepabonde kunofanirwa kurambidzwa, kutanga, nekuti vanhu vane hutano havagone kurapwa, sengochani, uye, chechipiri, nekuti zvinogona kusashanda. Pamusangano weAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) mu1994, yakarongwa kuendesa kunhume "Gwaro repamutemo pakurapa kwepfungwa rakanangana nekushandura maitiro ezvepabonde", yakatobvumidzwa nebhodhi revatapi vehukama. Kugadziriswa kwacho, kunyanya, kwakati: "American Psychiatric Association haitsigire chero kurapwa kwepfungwa kunoenderana nekutenda kwepfungwa kuti ungochani kushushikana kwepfungwa kana kuti kunovavarira kuchinja maitiro emunhu pabonde." Chirevo ichi chaive chekuzove mhosva yekudzoreredza (kutendeuka) kwekurapa senge isiri tsika yekuita. Nekudaro, NARTH, nerubatsiro rwesangano reChikristo Kutarisa paMhuri, vakatumira tsamba kunhengo dzesangano vachipomhodza "kutyora kwekutanga kugadzirisa." Varatidziri ava vaive nemazita aine "PrA haisi GAYPA." Nekuda kweizvozvo, nekuda kwekushaiwa kujekeswa kwemamwe mazwi, kutorwa kwechirevo ichi kwakanonoka, iyo NARTH neExodus International vanoona [8] ndiyo kukunda kwavo.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Ekisodho International isangano rekunamata kwechiKristu nemapazi e85 mu35 inoti, iyo, kunyanya, iri kushanda kuti ivandudze chishuwo, uye kana izvi zvikasashanda, batsira ngochani kuti vasiye kubatana nevanomiririra avo mukadzi. Kuti zviitike izvi, murayiridzo wezvechitendero unopihwa, unobatanidzwa pamwe nekupa zano kumapoka. Iko kuedza kunotarisana nekukuvara kwevacheche, iyo, maererano nevanoyambira vekufamba uku, izvo zviri kukonzera ungochani (kusavapo kwaamai kana baba, kushungurudzwa pabonde, hutsinye hwevabereki). Izvo zvakataurwa kuti mu30% yemakesi, basa iri rinopa migumisiro yakanaka [9]. Gare gare (mu2008) zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka zvakaonekwa paInternet zvichizivisa kuti vepfungwa vekuAmerica VaStan Jones naMark Yarhaus vakaita chidzidzo pakati penhengo dze98 dzesangano iri, rakaitwa naye basa rekuchinja hunhu hwavo husingadiwe. Maererano navo, mhedzisiro yakanaka yaive 38%. Vaongorori vacho vakavimbisa kuti shanduko iyi haina kuzounza chero dambudziko repfungwa kune vese 98 vanhu, zvinopesana nekuiswa kwevanopikisa mhedzisiro idzi, avo vanoti zvinokuvadza psychi yemunhu.

Idzi dzese nharo, idzo dzichitungamira kurambidzwa kweshanduko yekurapa (ungochani ndiyo yakajairwa, kutendeuka kurapa hakubetsere), hazvitendeseke. Nezveizvi, zvinokurudzirwa kutaura kuti kusarudzika kweungochani kubva kuhurongwa hwekushushikana kwepfungwa DSM kwakaitika seinotevera. Musi waDecember 15, 1973, vhoti yekutanga ye Bureau yeAmerican Psychiatric Association yakaitika, panguva iyo 13 yenhengo dzayo dze15 yakavhota kusabvisa ungochani kubva kunonyorwa kwekushushikana kwepfungwa. Izvi zvakakonzera kuratidzira kubva kune vanoverengeka nyanzvi avo, yereferendamu pane iyi nyaya, vakaunganidza saini inodiwa ye200. MunaEpril 1974, vhoti yakaitika uko kwevashoma 10 zviuru 5854 mabvumo akasimbisa danho remutungamiri wenyika. Nekudaro, 3810 haina kumuziva. Iyi nyaya yakanzi "epistemological chirevo" pane chikonzero chekugadzirisa nyaya "yechokwadi sainzi" nekuvhota nhoroondo yesainzi inyaya yakasarudzika [10].

Panyaya yekuyedza kudzora ungochani, nyanzvi yakakurumbira yekuRussia anoongorora zvepabonde Muzvinafundo A. A. Tkachenko [11] anoti danho reAmerican Psychiatric Association "rakafemerwa nekumanikidza kweanopokana homophilic kufamba", uye "dudziro yakashanda mumamiriro aya, ayo akanyanyisa, (zvinowanzoitika, yakanyanya kubudisirwa muICD-10) inopesana nemisimboti yekuongororwa kwekurapa, kana zvichingoitika nekuti inosanganisa nyaya dzinoperekedzwa nekutambura kwepfungwa. "" Vakapihwa neakasia. " Munyori anotaurawo kuti danho iri "raive risingagone kunze kwekudzokororwa kwezvakakosha pfungwa dzechirwere chepfungwa, kunyanya, kududzirwa kwekusagadzikana kwepfungwa pachiitiko chimwe". Mhinduro ine zita, kutaura idi, ishoko rinoreva chikamu che "hunhu" chaihwo hwehunhu hweungochani.

Kuongorora chokwadi chekuti American Psychiatric Association of Homosexuality yakabviswa kubva kuhurongwa hwekuongororwa, RV Bayer [12] inoti yakanga isiri nekuda kwekutsvaga kwesainzi, asi yaive chiitiko chehunhu chakakonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwenguva. Panyaya iyi, zvinokurudzirwa kupa ruzivo rwakataurwa naKristl R. Wonhold [13]. Anotarisa kuti kuti unzwisise zviitwa zve APA, iwe unofanirwa kudzokera kumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika e60-70-s. Ipapo tsika nemagariro zvese zvakasarudzika zvakabvunzwa. Yakanga iri nguva yekumukira chero zviremera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, boka diki revanochinjisa veAmerica ngochani vakatanga shasha yezvematongerwo enyika yekuziva ungochani senzira yakajairika yehupenyu. "Ini ndiri bhuruu uye ndinofara nazvo," yaive yavo shumo hombe. Ivo vakakwanisa kuhwina komiti inoongorora iyo DSM.

Mukunzwa kupfupi kwakatangira sarudzo, varapi vepfungwa vepfungwa vakapomerwa "Freudian bias." Mu1963, iyo New York Medical Academy yakaraira Komisheni Yezvehutano kuti igadzirire chirevo paungochani, hwakagumisa kuti ungochani inyaya, uye ungochani munhu akaremara mupfungwa, asingakwanise kuumba heterochani hukama. Uyezve, chirevo chakataura kuti vamwe ngochani "vanopfuura nekuzvidzivirira uye vanotanga kuratidza kuti kutsauka mararamiro anodiwa, akanaka uye anosarudzika." Mu1970, vatungamiriri vechingochani muAPA vakaronga "zviitwa zvakarongeka zvinovhiringidza musangano wepagore weAPA." Vakarwira hunhu hwavo pamusoro pekuti iyo APA yaimiririra "kurapa kwepfungwa senzvimbo yemagariro", kwete senzvimbo yezvido zvesaenzi zvevashandi.

Mazano akagamuchirwa akazove anoshanda uye muna 1971, vachimanikidza kumanikidzwa kwavakaitwa, varongi vemusangano unotevera weAPA vakabvumirana kuumba komisheni kwete nezveungochani, asi kubva kune ngochani. Sachigaro wechirongwa akayambirwa kuti kana kuumbwa kwekomisheni ikasatambirwa, misangano yezvikamu zvese ichavhiringidzwa nevamiriri ve "ngochani". Zvisinei, kunyangwe vakabvuma kubvumidza ngochani ivo pachavo kuti vataurirane nezvekomisheni mumusangano wa1971, vanoita zvechingochani muWashington vakafunga kuti vanofanira kurova zvekare kurwara nepfungwa, nekuti "shanduko yakanyanyisa" yaizotadzisa kufamba kwechombo chayo chikuru - kutyisidzira kwemhirizhonga. Chikumbiro kuGay Liberation Front kuti vaite kuratidzira muna Chivabvu 1971. Pamwe chete nehutungamiriri hwepamberi, zano rekuronga mhirizhonga rakanyatsogadziriswa. Musi waMay 3, 1971, varapi vezvepfungwa vanopikisa vakapinda mumusangano wevamiriri vakasarudzwa vebasa ravo. Vakatora maikorofoni ndokutambidza murwi wekunze uyo akazivisa kuti: “Psychiatry chinhu chine utsinye. Psychiatry iri kurwa isingaregi hondo yekuparadza kwatiri. "Unogona kufunga kuti ichi chiziviso chehondo pamusoro pako ... Tinoramba zvachose simba rako pamusoro pedu."

Hapana akapokana. Ipapo varatidziri vezviito izvi vakaoneka muAPA Komiti yeTemu. "Sachigaro wayo akataura kuti pamwe maitiro eungochani haisi chiratidzo chekushushikana kwepfungwa uye kuti maitiro matsva echinetso aya anofanirwa kuratidzwa muBhuku reDiagnostics uye Statistics." Kana mugore re1973 iyo Dare rakasangana mumusangano wepamutemo nezvenyaya iyi, sarudzo yakambofungidzirwa yakatorwa shure kwemasuo akapfigwa (ona kumusoro).

F. M. Mondimore [8] seanotevera anorondedzera zviitiko zvakatangira kugamuchirwa kwesarudzo iyi. Iye munyori anoti kusarudzika kweungochani kubva kurudzi rwekushushikana kwakafambiswa zvikuru nekurwira kwevanhu vane tsika dzakafanana dzebonde kune kodzero dzeruzhinji. 27 Musi waChikumi 1969 kuGreenwich Village (NY), kumukira kweungochani kwakakonzerwa nemupambi mapurisa ehuremu pa Stonewall Inn's gay bar kuChristopher Street. Zvakatora husiku hwese, uye husiku hunotevera vakaungana mumigwagwa zvakare, kwavakatuka mapurisa achipfuura, vakavakanda matombo, ndokubatidza moto. Pazuva rechipiri remhirizhonga, mazana mana emapurisa akatorwa nevarume vanopfuura zviuru zviviri. Kubva panguva iyoyo, iyo inoonekwa sekutanga kwekurwira kwevanhu vanoita zvechisimba kodzero dzevagari, sangano iri, rakafemerwa mienzaniso yekufambiswa kwekodzero dzevakadzi dzevatema uye kurwira kurwa muhondo muVietnam. Mhedzisiro yekurwira uku, kunyanya, kwaive kuri kubviswa kwekupambwa kwemapurisa pamiseve yeungochani. "Vakurudzirwa nekubudirira kwavo mukurwira kushungurudzwa nemapurisa, nhengo dzesangano rinorwira kodzero dzeve ngochani dzakatendeukira kurwisa mumwe mhandu wenhoroondo - kurapa kwepfungwa. Mu1970, vanoita zvechingochani vakapinda mumusangano wepagore weAmerican Psychiatric Association uye vakapokana nehurukuro naIrving Bieber paungochani, vachimudaidza kuti "mwanakomana wedhinhi" pamberi pevamwe vaaishanda navo akavhunduka. Mafananidzo anoratidzira akamanikidza varwere vechirume kuti vataurire kubvisirwa ungochani kubva kuhurongwa hwepfungwa hwechirwere chepfungwa ”[8].

Panhanho yekutanga, APA yakafunga kuti mune ramangwana kuongororwa kwe "ungochani" kunofanirwa kushandiswa chete muzviitiko zve "hungu-dystonic" ngochani, kureva kuti mune zvimiro zvehumochani zvakatungamira ku "kutaridzika pachena" kwemurwere. Kana murwere akagamuchira maitiro ake ekuda kuita zvepabonde, zvino zvakange zvisingatenderwe kumuona se "ngochani", kureva kuti, mutsoropodzi anoisa chinongedzo chekuongorora kwehunyanzvi. Panhanho yechipiri, mazwi "ungochani" uye "ungochani" akabviswa zvachose kubva kuDMM, sezvo kuongororwa uku kwaizivikanwa se "nerusarura" [13].

D. Davis, C. Neal [14] vanorondedzera mashura echirume ane hukama neungochani seanotevera. Ivo vanocherekedza kuti mu1973, utsinye hunogadziriswa hwakabviswa pane runyorwa rwekushushikana kwepfungwa neAmerican Psychiatric Association, asi mu1980 yakaonekwazve pane iyi runyorwa pasi pezita re "ego-dystonic ngochani". Nekudaro, pfungwa iyi yakabviswa kubva kuhurongwa hwekushushikana kwepfungwa panguva yekudzokororwa kweDSM-III mu1987. Panzvimbo iyoyo, pfungwa ye "kusagadziriswa kusagadzikana" yakaoneka, zvichireva kuti "kupfuurira uye kutaurwa mamiriro enhamo anotarisana nekusangana nehukombwe."

Iyo ICD-10 inotaura kuti ungochani uye bisexual orientations haisi pat se seinoonekwa seyakavhara. Zvakare, iyo F66.1 (ego-dystonic tsika yekuita zvepabonde) kodhi inokosheswa, iyo inoratidza mamiriro apo chisikana kana kuda zvepabonde hakusina kupokana, asi munhu wacho anoda kuti vange vakasiyana nekuda kwekuwedzera kwepfungwa kana maitiro. vangatsvaga kurapwa kuti vazvishandure. Muchirevo chekuti maitiro eungochani mune mukirasi uri pasi pekutarisirwa haiwirwe senzira imwechete, shungu yekuda kubvisa maitiro aya, iko, inogona kutaridzwa sekuvapo kweimwe mhando yekusanzwisisika [7].

Nekudaro, Christian R. Wonhold [13] anocherekedza kuti mu1973, separi zvino, pakanga pasina kupokana kwesainzi uye humbowo hwechipatara hwaizoruramisa shanduko yakadai pachinzvimbo maererano neungochani (kucherechedzwa kunge kwakajairwa).

Mu1978, makore mashanu mushure mekunge APA yasarudza kusabvisa "ungochani" kubva kuDMM, vhoti yakatorwa pakati pevanorwara nepfungwa vekuAmerican 10000 nhengo dzesangano iri. 68% yevanachiremba vakazadza uye vakadzorera iyo mibvunzo vachiri kufunga ungochani sedambudziko [13]. Zvinonzi zvakare mhedzisiro yeongororo yakaitwa kune dzimwe nyika pakati pevanachiremba vepfungwa nezve maitiro avo kune ungochani kwakaratidza kuti ruzhinji rwavo vanoona ungochani sewakatsauka maitiro, kunyangwe ikasabvisirwa pane runyorwa rwekushushikana kwepfungwa [15].

Joseph Nicolosi (Joseph Nicolosi) muchikamu cheDiagnosis Policy chikamu chebhuku rake Reparative Therapy yeMurume Hominsia. Maitiro matsva ekurapa ”[16] inoburitsa pachena kusasimba kwesayenzi yechiitiko chakakomba zvakadaro. Anotarisa kuti hapana hutsva hwepfungwa kana hushamwari hwemagariro hunoruramisa shanduko iyi ... Iyi ipfungwa yakamisa nhaurirano. Vanodzivirira ngochani vanozvidzivirira ... zvakakonzera kusakendenga uye kuvhiringidzika munharaunda yeAmerica. Vanhurume vanoita zveungochani vanosimbirira kuti kubvuma ungochani semunhu hakuitike pasina kubvumirwa neungochani. "

Kana iri ICD, danho rekubvisa hungochani kubva pane dzakasarudzika hwekushushikana kwepfungwa kwechikwata ichi rakaitwa neparutivi rwevhoti imwe chete.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ungochani haingori chete mune iyo pathology mune iyo nzvimbo yekufambisa. Maererano nedzidzo dzakakosha, kushushikana kwepfungwa muungochani (ngochani nevarume vanoita zvebonde) kwakanyanya kudarika vanhukadzi. Vanomiririra nyika zvidzidzo zvinoitiswa pamasampidhi makuru ezveungochani uye vanoita zvechisimba vanhu vanoona kuti vazhinji vevanhu vekutanga muhupenyu hwese (nguva-nguva) vanotambura nekumwe kushushikana kwepfungwa.

Chidzidzo chikuru chemumiriri chakaitwa muNetherlands [17]. Ichi chiitiko chisina kurongeka che7076 varume nevakadzi vane makore 18 kusvika 64 makore, akaongororwa kuti azive kuwanda kweanobatana (manzwiro) uye kusagadzikana kwekunetseka, pamwe nekuvimba kwezvinodhaka muhupenyu hwese uye mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye12. Mushure mekusiiwa kweavo vanhu vasina kuita zvepabonde mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye12 (vanhu ve1043), uye nevaya vasina kupindura mibvunzo yese (vanhu ve35), vanhu ve5998 vakasara. (Varume ve2878 uye vakadzi ve31220). Pakati pevarume vakaongororwa, 2,8% yevanhu vaive nehukama-hwepamoyo, uye pakati pevakadzi vakaongororwa, 1,4%.

Ongororo yemusiyano uripo pakati pevachati nevarume vanoita zveungochani wakaitwa, izvo zvakaratidza kuti muhupenyu hwese uye mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye12, varume vanoita zveungochani vaive nekunetseka kwakanyanya kwepfungwa (affential, kusanganisira kushungurudzika, uye kunetseka) zvichienzaniswa nevarume vanoita zvehuchani. Varume ngochani futi vaive vaine doro rakasimba kuvimba. Lesbians rakasiyana nevakadzi vanoita zvechisimba mukukanganiswa kukuru kwekuora mwoyo, pamwe nedoro repamusoro uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Kunyanya, yakawanikwa kuti varume vazhinji vanoita zveungochani (56,1%) nevakadzi (67,4%) vanotambura nedambudziko rimwe chete kana kupfuura muhupenyu hwavo hwese, nepo varume vazhinji vachiita zvechirume (58,6%) nevakadzi (60,9 %) muhupenyu hwese akange asina chero dambudziko repfungwa.

Mukudzidza kweiyi kukwikwidza, zvakaratidzirwawo kuti ungochani hunobatanidzwa nekuzviuraya. Chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora mutsauko wezviratidzo zvekuzviuraya pakati pechingochani nevarume nevarume. Vanyori vakagumisa kuti kunyangwe munyika ine maitiro anoshivirira kune ngochani, varume vanoita zveungochani vari panjodzi yekuzviuraya kupfuura varume vanoita zvehuchani. Izvi zvaisagona kutsanangurwa nekwavo kwepamusoro kwepfungwa zviitiko. Mune vakadzi, kuvimba kwakajeka kwakadaro hakuna kuratidzwa [18].

MuUnited States, ongororo yakaitwa kwezviuru zvevanhu vekuAmerica vane chinangwa chekufunda njodzi yekunetseka kwepfungwa pakati pevanhu vairara nevakadzi vechimwe chete vakadzi [19]. Vakapindurwa vakabvunzwa nezvehuwandu hwevakadzi nevarume vavakavata navo mumakore apfuura 5. 2,1% yevanhurume uye 1,5% yevakadzi vakashumirana kufambidzana nemurume kana vakadzi pabonde nevarume vakaenzana mumakore ekupedzisira e5. Zvakaratidzwa kuti vakapindura mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye12. pakanga paine kuwanda kwekushushikana kwekunetseka, kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze, kusagadzikana kwakabatana nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinopa pfungwa, pamwe nekufunga kuzviuraya uye zvirongwa, kupfuura avo vakasangana chete nevanhu vevanhukadzi. Vanyori vakagumisa kuti kutarisa kweungochani, kwakatemwa nekuvapo kwemumwe murume kana murume kana murume pabonde, kunoenderana nekuwanda kuri mungozi yekunetseka pamusoro, pamwe nekuzviuraya. Ivo vakacherekedza kuti kumwezve kutsvakwa kwaidikanwa kuti vaongorore zvikonzero zvinosanganisa musangano uyu.

MuNetherlands, chidzidzo chakaitwa pamusoro pehukama hwehukama hwekuendeswa kwehutano hwepfungwa kurapwa kwepfungwa [20]. Vanyori vacho vanonongedza kufungidzira kwazvino kuti ngochani nevarume vanoita zvinyoro zvishoma vanogona kutsvaga rubatsiro mune zvekurapa kupfuura ivo vanoita zvehuchani nekuti vanovimba nehutano hwehutano zvishoma. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekufunda misiyano mukukumbira rubatsiro urwu, pamwe neiwo huwandu hwekuvimba nevatungamiriri vehutano zvichienderana nekwavo kuita zvepabonde. Muenzaniso wakasarudzika wevarwere (9684 vanhu) avo vakanyorera kune varapi vakaongororwa vakaongororwa. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti mamiriro ehutano akange akaipisisa mune ngochani varume nevakadzi vachienzaniswa nevavanochata. Hapana mutsauko wekuita zvepabonde mukuvimba mune yehutano system yakawonekwa. Varume ngochani vaiwanzoitirwa zvepfungwa uye zveutano zvinetso zvevatano kupfuura varume vanhurume, uye vakadzi nevanhurume nevanhukadzi vaiwanzoitirwa matambudziko epfungwa kupfuura vakadzi vechisikana. Zvinotaridzwa kuti kuwanda kwakawanda kwekutsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa kubva kune ngochani uye vanhurume kana vachienzaniswa nevarume vanoita zvepabonde vanogona kungotsanangurwa nemusiyano mumamiriro avo ehutano. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mhedzisiro yakawanikwa, zvinodikanwa kuti uve neruzivo rwekufunga kwekutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuna ngochani nevarume nevarume nevarume.

DM Fergusson et al. [21] yakashuma kudzidza kwemakumi maviri emakore kudzidza kwekohon yevana ve1265 vakaberekerwa kuNew Zealand. 2,8% yavo vaive ngochani zvichienderana nehukama hwavo hwepabonde kana kubatana. Dhata yakaunganidzwa pane frequency yekunetseka kwepfungwa muvanhu kubva pamakore 14 kusvika kumakore 21. Varume vanoita ungochani vaive nehukasha hwakanyanya hwekuora mwoyo kukuru, kusagadzikana kwekufunganya, kusagadzikana kwemaitiro, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, uye zvimwe zvinodhaka uye / kana kupindwa muropa, kushushikana kwakawanda, kufunga kuzviuraya, uye kuedza kuzviuraya. Mimwe mhedzisiro yacho yakadai seiyi: 78,6% yeungochani kana ichienzaniswa ne38,2% yevachiri varume nevakadzi vaiva nehurema hwepfungwa mbiri kana kupfuura; 71,4% yeungochani kana ichienzaniswa ne38,2% yevachiri varume vakasangana nekuora mwoyo kukuru; 67,9% yeungochani kana ichienzaniswa ne28% yevanochata vakataura kuzviuraya; 32,1% yeungochani kana ichienzaniswa ne7,1% yevanochata vakataura nezvekuedza kuzviuraya. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti vayaruka vane ungochani hukama hwehukama vane huwandu hwakanyanya hwokuzviuraya.

ST Russell, M. Joyner [22] yakashuma pamusoro pe data kubva kurudzi rwakamiririra kudzidza kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevechidiki veUS. Vakomana vari kuyaruka ve5685 uye vasikana vachiri kuyaruka ve6254 vakaongororwa. Zvechingochani zvehukama "zvakataurwa ne1,1% yevakomana (n = 62) uye 2,0% yevasikana (n = 125)" (Joyner, 2001). Izvi zvinotevera zvakaratidzwa: kuedza kuzviuraya kwaive ne2,45 nguva yakakwira mikana pakati pevakomana vane ungochani kupfuura pakati pevakomana vanoita bonde; kuedza kuzviuraya kwaive 2,48 kakawanda mukana pakati pevasikana vane maitiro eungochani pane pakati pevasikana.

King et al. [23] yakadzidza 13706 kudzidza mumabhuku pakati paJanuary 1966 naApril 2005 .. Imwe chete kana kupfuura mana emhando yemhando yepamusoro maitiro anodiwa kuti aiswe mumeta-ongororo akasangana neinenge 28 yavo: sampling kubva huwandu hwese vanhu panzvimbo yeboka rakasarudzwa, sampling yakasarudzika, 60% kana yakakwirira frequency yekutora chikamu, muyenzaniso samperi yakaenzana kana yakakura kupfuura vanhu 100. Kuongororwa kwemeta idzi yepamusoro-soro zvidzidzo zve28 zvakaratidza huwandu hwe214344 heterosexual uye 11971 ngochani.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakaonekwa kuti ngochani vane kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kazhinji kupfuura ivo vanoita ungochani. Saka, kunyanya, zvakaonekwa kuti, zvichienzaniswa nevarume vanoita zvechani, ungochani muhupenyu hwese (hupenyu hwese hunowanikwa) vane zvinotevera:

Nguva dze2,58 dzakawedzera njodzi yekuora mwoyo;

4,28 nguva yakawedzera njodzi yekuedza kuzviuraya;

Nguva dze2,30 dzakawedzera njodzi yekuzvikuvadza iwe nemaune.

Kuenzanisa pamwe chete kwehuwandu hwekushushikana kwepfungwa mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye12. (12-mwedzi kuwanda) yakaratidza kuti varume ngochani vane:

Nguva dze1,88 dzakawedzera njodzi yekunetseka kusagadzikana;

2,41 nguva yakawedzera njodzi yekupindwa muropa kwezvinodhaka.

King et al. [16] yakawanawo kuti ichienzaniswa nevakadzi vanoita zvechani, ungochani muhupenyu hwese (hupenyu hwese hunowanda) vane:

Nguva dze2,05 dzakawedzera njodzi yekuora mwoyo;

1,82 nguva yakawedzera njodzi yekuedza kuzviuraya.

Kuenzanisa pamwe chete kwehuwandu hwekushushikana kwepfungwa mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye12. (12-mwedzi kuwanda) yakaratidza kuti vakadzi ngochani vane:

4,00 nguva yakawedzera njodzi yechidhakwa;

3,50 nguva yakawedzera njodzi yekupindwa muropa kwezvinodhaka;

3,42 inowedzerawo njodzi inowedzera yehupi hwepfungwa uye hwemaitiro kukonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka.

Nzvimbo yakaderera yekuchinjika kwevanochata nevarume inoratidzwa nekudzidza kwehupenyu hwese (QOL) mune iri pamusoro inopokana yeDutch varume [24]. Varume ngochani, asi kwete vakadzi, vakasiyana nevarume vanoita zvechirikadzi zvakasiyana zviratidzo zveQOL. Chimwe chezvinhu chikuru chakakanganisa QOL mune varume vanoita zveungochani kwaive kuzvidzikisira kwavo. Izvo zvinoonekwa kuti kushomeka kwehukama pakati pekuda kuita zvepabonde uye nemhando yehupenyu muvakadzi zvinoratidza kuti hukama uhwu hunopindirwa nezvimwe zvinhu.

J. Nicolosi, L. E. Nicolosi [25] vanotaura kuti kazhinji mutoro wechinzvimbo chepamusoro chezvinetso zvepfungwa pakati peungochani (varume nevakadzi) unopomerwa munharaunda yavo inodzvinyirira. Kunyangwe vanyori vakacherekedza kuti pane huwandu hwechokwadi muchirevo ichi, hazvigoneke kutsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu aripo nekumanikidzwa kwechinhu ichi chete. Imwe ongororo yakawana yakakwira mwero yezvinetso zvepfungwa pakati pechingochani uye munyika idzodzo uko hungochani hunobatwa zvakanaka (Netherlands, Denmark), uye uko hunhu hwekuda kwayo huri kusabvumidza [26].

Kuzviti kurapa kweshanduko hakugone kushanda kwakakanganisika. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwe data. Mhedzisiro (J. Nicolosi et al., 2000) yekutanga yakarongeka yakakura-yakakura kudzidza kwekubudirira kwehunyanzvi hwekushandurwa (kwakaongororwa 882 vanhu, makore akaenzana - 38 makore, 96% - vanhu avo chinamato kana chinamato chakakosha, 78% - varume, average urefu kurapwa (anenge 3,5 makore) anoratidza kuti 45% yeavo vaizviona sevachingochani, vakashandura maitiro avo ezvepabonde kuita heterochani kana kuva vanonyanya kuita zvoungochani pane ungochani [9]

Zvinonakidza kucherechedza kuti purofesa weColumbia University RL Spitzer, anotarisira kuAmerican Classifier yeMental Illness (DSM), uyo akambofunga kusabvisa ungochani kubva kuhurongwa hwekushushikana kwepfungwa, akataura chirevo chekuti zvawakaburitsazve pakurapa ungochani. munzira dzakawanda dzinokurudzira. Zvakare, mu2003, iyo runyorwa Archives yeBonde Behaviour yakaburitsa zvakabuda mutsvagurudzo yake yekuongorora iyo hypothesis iyo, mune vamwe vanhu, hunhu hweungochani hunogona kuchinja semhedzisiro yekurapa. Iyi hypothesis yakasimbiswa neongororo yeva200 vanhu vevasikana vese (varume ve143, vakadzi ve57) [27].

Vakapindurwa vakashuma shanduko munzira kubva kuungochani kuenda kuchirikadzi, iyo yakaramba iripo kwemakore 5 kana kupfuura. Zvidzidzo zvakabvunzwa vaive vazvipiri, avhareji yezera revarume yaive 42, vakadzi - 44 Munguva yekukurukurirana, 76% yevarume uye 47% yevakadzi vakaroora (vasati vatanga kurapwa, zvakadaro, 21% uye 18%), 95% yevakabvunzwa vaive vachena, 76% vakapedza kudzidza kukoreji, 84% yaigara muUSA, uye 16% - muEurope. 97% yakanga iine midzi yechiKristu, uye 3% yaive yechiJudha. Ruzhinji rwevakabvunzwa (93%) vakati chinamato chakakosha kwazvo muhupenyu hwavo. 41% yevanhu vakaongororwa vakati kwenguva yakati isati yarapwa vaibuda pachena ngochani ("pachena ngochani"). Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevakaongororwa (37% yevarume uye 35% yevakadzi) vakabvuma kuti pane imwe nguva vaifungisisa kuzviuraya nekuda kwekuda kwavo. 78% yakataura vachifarira kuedza kushandura maitiro avo.

Iyo 45 yeminiti kubvunzurudza kwefoni kusanganisira 114 yakanangwa mibvunzo yakashandiswa kuongorora shanduko dzakawanikwa semhedzisiro yekurapa. Chidzidzo cheRL Spitzer chakatarisa pane zvinotevera zvinotevera: kukwezva zvepabonde, kuzvizivisa zvepabonde, kuomarara kwekushushikana nekuda kwemanzwiro eungochani, kuwanda kwezvinhu zveungochani, kuwanda kwechido chekuita zveungochani uye kushuva kuva nazvo, iyo chikamu chemitambo yekuita bonhora inoperekedzwa nekufungidzira kweungochani. , iyo chikamu chezvikamu zvakadaro neanofunga nezvechinyakare uye mafambiro ekuwonekera Ini ndiri ngochani.

Nekuda kwekudzidza uku, zvakaonekwa kuti kunyangwe zviitiko zvekuchinja "kwakakwana" mukunyorwa zvakanyorwa mu 11% yevanhurume ne37% yevakadzi, ruzhinji rwevakabvunzwa vakashuma shanduko kubva kune yekutanga kana kungochani kungochani kwakaitika kurapwa kusati kwambonyanya kuitika semhedzisiro yekudzokorora (kutendeuka) kurapa. Kunyangwe zvichinzi shanduko idzi dzinoonekwa muvanhukadzi, vakadzi vachiri nezvakanyanya. Idzi yakawanikwa yakaratidza kuti mushure mekurapwa, vazhinji vevakabvunzwa vakawedzera kuwedzera kwakajeka muzviitiko zvevakadzi uye kuwedzera kugutsikana nazvo. Vanhu vaive vakaroora vakaratidza kugutsikana kukuru kwemanzwiro emuchato [27].

Kufunga nezvemhedzisiro, RL Spitzer inozvibvunza kana kurapwa kwemaitiro kuchikuvadza. Uye iye amene, achimupindura, anoti hapana humbowo hwakadaro maererano nevatori vechikamu mukutsvaga kwake. Zvakare, mumaonero ake, zvichibva pane zvakawanikwa, kudzidza uku kwakawana mabhenefiti akakosha ekurapwa kwakadaro, kusanganisira munzvimbo dzisina hukama nehukombwe. Kubva pane izvi, RL Spitzer inotaura kuti American Psychiatric Association inofanira kumira kushandisa zvakapetwa kaviri maitiro ayo ekudzoreredza kurapwa, iyo inoona seinokuvadza uye isingabatsiri, uye kuungochana kurapa kurapa, iyo inotsigira nekusimbisa gay kuzivikanwa, iyo inobvumirana nayo zvizere. Uye zvakare, mukupedzisa, RL Spitzer akasimbisa kuti vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa vanofanirwa kusiya kurambidzwa kwavo kurapwa, uko kunovavarira kuchinja maitiro ezvepabonde. Wacherechedzawo kuti varwere vazhinji vane ruzivo nezvekutadza kunogona kuitika kana vachiedza kuchinja maitiro avo ezvepabonde, nekuda kwemvumo, vanogona kuita sarudzo ine musoro nezvebasa munzira yekuvandudza mukana wavo wekuita ungochani uye kuderedza kukwezva kwavasina kufarira [ngochani].

Mu2004, kunzwa kwaive kuoneka pamusangano weNARTH wevaimbove purezidhendi weAmerican Psychological Association, Dr. Robert Perloff, wezvesayenzi ane mukurumbira. Chishamiso ndechekuti munguva yakapfuura iye pachake aive nhengo yekomisheni yesangano iri pazvinhu zvepabonde zvidiki. Achitaura pamusangano uyu, R. Perlov akazivisa rutsigiro rwake kune avo vanorapa vanoremekedza zvinotendwa nemutengi uye nekumupa mushonga wekutendeuka kana zvichiratidza zvido zvake. Akaratidza "kuvimba kwake kwakasimba kuti rusununguko rwekusarudza runofanira kutonga zvido zvebonde ... kana ngochani dzichida kushandura hukama hwavo pabonde, zvino ichi ndicho chisarudzo chavo, uye hapana boka rinofarira, kusanganisira nzanga, rinofanira kupindira ... Pane kodzero yemunhu kuzvisarudzira." zvepabonde. "

Achiratidzira kubvumirana kwake nechinzvimbo cheNARTH, R. Perlov akasimbisa kuti "NARTH inoremekedza pfungwa yemumwe nemumwe mutengi, kuzvimiririra kwake uye nerusununguko rwemunhu ... munhu mumwe nemumwe ane kodzero yekuzivisa kodzero yake kuzivikanwe Kodzero yekubatwa kuti uchinje tsika dzepabonde inoonekwa seyazvinoratidzika uye isingabvumirwe. ” Akacherekedza kuti anonyatsoteedzera kuNARTH iyi chinzvimbo. Dr. Perlov zvakare vakashuma nhamba inowedzera ye zvidzidzo zvinopesana nemaonero akakurumbira muUS kuti kuchinja maitiro ekuita zvepabonde hakugone. Achiona kuti huwandu hwemhinduro dzekutendeuka dzakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura, akakurudzira varapi kuti vazive basa reNARTH, uye akarondedzera kuedza kwevachiri ngochani kunyarara kana kushoropodza chokwadi ichi se "chisingaterere, chekuita uye chakasarudzika" [28, 29].

Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti dambudziko rekuti mukana wekushandisa shanduko yekushandura uye kushanda kwayo kwakanyanya mune zvematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mumashoko zvichiteurwa kuti ndeupi rudzi urwu rwekurapwa rwunofanirwa kuiswa parutivi nekuyedza kushandura hunhu kana hunhu hwerudzi rwevatema, vanhu ve "Caucasian nyika" uye maJuda. Nekudaro, avo vanotenda kuti zvinokwanisika kuchinja maitiro ekurara kwevanhu vanoita zveungochani vari kuyedza kusveta, vachivaisa parutivi nevemadzinza, anti-Semite uye, kazhinji, nemhando dzose dze xenophobes. Nekudaro, kuedza kwakadai hakugone kuve kwakaringana, nekuti mubvunzo weyakajairika kana wekubatsira wedzinza kana nyika uye kubvisa zviratidzo zvekuzivikanwa kwemadzinza uye kwenyika hazvigone kumutswa nekuda kwekupusa zvachose. Kuburikidza nehurema hwakadai, vashanduri vekurapa vatenderi vanoda kutyisidzirwa nemukana wekuve munzvimbo isina kugadzikana zvakanyanya.

Pakupera kwaAugust 2006, pakanga paine meseji pamusoro pekutaura kwekunyepedzera nemutungamiriri weAmerican Psychological Association, Dr. Herald P. Koocher, chavakaita mumwedzi mumwe chete. Sekutaura kwake, akaputsa chinzvimbo ichocho musangano uyu kwenguva refu uchirwisa "kurapwa nguva nenguva" kweungochani. Mr. Cooker akataura kuti mubatanidzwa uyu unotsigira kurapa kwepfungwa kune avo vanhu vanoona zvishuwo zvisina kufanira zveungochani. Achitaura nachiremba wepfungwa VaJoseph Nicolosi, vaimbove purezidhendi, kumusangano wepagore weAmerican Psychological Association muNew Orleans, akataura kuti mubatanidzwa "haupindirani nevashandi vepfungwa vanobatsira avo vane hanya nekukwezva vanhu vasingafarire." Akasimbisawo kuti, kupa murwere kuzvimiririra / kuzvimiririra uye kuremekedza kwaanosarudza, kodhi yenongedzo yesangano, hongu, inosanganisira kurapwa kwepfungwa kune avo vanoda kubvisa kukwezva ungochani.

Sangano reAmerican Psychological Association rave nenguva richida kuvengana nebasa reNARTH, richiti vakaedza kuchinja hunhu hwevechingochani nekusarura kwavo. Vachitaura pachirevo ichi, Dr. Dean Byrd, chiremba wepfungwa paNARTH, uyo panguva imwe aive mutungamiri waro, akaona kuti nenzira iyo pfungwa yakataurwa naDr Cooker nhasi yakafanana nenzvimbo yeNARTH. Akaratidzawo tariro kuti kukurukurirana kwakabudirira pakati pemasangano maviri kunogona kutanga pane iyi nyaya yakakosha [30].

Nezvenyaya iyi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa, kunyanya, kuti mune runyorwa rweAmerican Psychological Association "Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Exercise, Training" ("Psychotherapy: Theory, research, Exercise, Training") chinyorwa chakaburitswa mu2002, mairi zvakataurwa kuti kurara pamwe nekushandurwa (kutendeuka) kurapa, uchifunga kukosha kwehumwe hwemunhu, kunogona kuve kwetsika uye kunoshanda [31].

Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, kunyangwe chirevo chitsva chakaitwa nemutungamiri weAmerican Psychological Association, hapana chibvumirano pakati penhengo dzaro nezvekushandurwa kwemaitiro eungochani, chinangwa chayo ndechekuchinja maitiro ekuda kurara nevanhu kubva kuchingochani. Nekudaro, pa29 musi waAugust 2006, iyo cybercast News Service inhau yakazivisa chirevo nemumiriri wesangano iri uyo akataura kuti pakanga pasina chikonzero chesainzi chekurapa kwakadaro, uye haina kururamiswa [maererano ne30].

Panyaya iyi, chirevo chaClinton Anderson, director weAmerican Psychological Association Office yeLesbian, Gay uye Bisexual Concerns, inoda kunzwisiswa uye kukurukurwa, ndeyekufarira kukuru. . Sekureva kwake, haapokana kuti "ungochani hunosiya vamwe vanhu", uye haafunge kuti chero munhu achapokana nepfungwa yemukana wekuchinja. Mushure mezvose, zvinozivikanwa kuti ivo vanoita zvechisimba vanogona kuve ngochani uye vanoita zvevakadzi. Naizvozvo, zvinoita sezvine musoro kuti vamwe ngochani nevarume vanoita zvevakadzi vanogona kunge vanochata. Dambudziko harisi rekuti kuita bonde kunogona kuchinja, asi kunyangwe mushonga uchichinja [maererano ne32].

Joseph Nicolosi akataura pamusoro pechirevo ichi seanotevera: "Avo vedu vakatambura kwenguva yakareba kuti APA (iyo American Psychological Association) ishanduke, tinotenda kubvumidzwa kwaVa Anderson kunyanya nekuti ndiye sachigaro weAPA Gay neLesbian Chikamu. Asi hatinzwisisi kuti sei achifunga kuti shanduko haigone kuitika muhofisi yekurapa. " Dr Nicolosi vakacherechedzawo kuti Anderson angade kuwana tsananguro ine chekuita nechinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti chirimo muhofisi yekurapa uye anovharira shanduko yekuita zvepabonde. Sekureva kwaJ. Nicolosi, maitirwo anoitika panguva yekurapa anogadzira mamiriro akanaka ekushandurwa kwakadai uye anopfuura iwo mikana iripo kunze kwehofisi [maererano ne32].

Kubviswa kweungochani kubva muchikamu chemuzvipfungwa kwakaperekedzwa nekuvhiringidza kwekutsvaga kwake uye ndokuva chinhu chakakosha chinomutadzisa kurapwa kwake. Chokwadi ichi chakatadzisawo kutaurirana kwehunyanzvi kwenyanzvi nezvenyaya iyi. Vanoremerwa mukutsvagurudza kwacho kwaisakonzerwa nehumwe hunyanzvi hwesainzi hunoratidza kuti ungochani ihwo hwakajairwa uye hune hutano hunhu hwebonde hwevanhu. Asi, zvave zvakanyanya fashoni kuti usataure izvi [16].

J. Nicolosi anotaurawo zvikonzero zviviri zvehupfumi zvakatungamira mukubviswa kweungochani kubva kuhurongwa hwekushushikana kwepfungwa. Chekutanga pane izvi ndechekuti psychiatry yaitarisira kubvisa kusarura munharaunda nekubvisa chiseko chechirwere chinofungidzirwa kune vanhu vanoita ngochani [12, 33]. Isu takabva pane chokwadi chekuti nekuenderera mberi nekuongorora ungochani, isu tinosimbisa kusarudzika kwenzanga uye kurwadziwa kwemumwe ngochani.

Chikonzero chechipiri, sekureva kwemunyori ataurwa, chaive chekuti varapi vepfungwa havakwanise kunyatso kuziva zvikonzero zvepfungwa dzechingochani, uye nekudaro, kukudziridza kurapa kwayo kwakabudirira. Chiyero chekurapa chakaderera, uye kune izvo zvidzidzo zvakaburitsa kubudirira nekushandurwa kwemaitiro (iyo chikamu chevatengi chakashandurwa kuva heterosexuality kubva ku15% kuenda ku30%), pakanga paine mubvunzo wekuti kana mhinduro dzakachengetedzwa kwenguva yakareba. Nekudaro, kubudirira kana kutadza kwekurapa hakufanirwe kuve nzira dzekutarisa zvakajairwa. Kana zvikasadaro, tiri kutaura pamusoro pemashoko, maererano neizvozvo, kana chimwe chinhu chisingagadziriswe, ipapo hachivhuni. Uku kana chirwere icho hachigone kurambwa chete nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemushonga unoshanda wekurapa [16].

Kurambwa kweshanduko yekurapa kweungochani, zvichibva pakubviswa kweungochani kubva muchikamu chepfungwa, zvakakonzera chokwadi chekuti rusarura rwatanga pane avo vane tsika nemagariro vanoramba ungochani. “Isu takanganwa nezvevaya ngochani avo, nekuda kwechiono chakasiyana chekuvimbika kwavo, vanoda kuchinja nerubatsiro rwepfungwa. Nehurombo, varume ava vakapihwa chikamu chevakabatwa nekushungurudzika kwepfungwa (kushungurudzika), uye kwete kuvarume vakashinga, zvavari, varume vakazvipira kuchiratidzo chechokwadi / chaicho ... Zvinonyanya kukanganisa kuti mutengi iyeye aore mwoyo, seyenzi kuna iye anotsvaga rubatsiro, anomuudza kuti ichi hachisi dambudziko, uye kuti anofanira kuchigamuchira. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anosvibisa mutengi uye anoita kuti kurwa kwake kukurira ungochani kunyanye kuoma ”[16, p. 12 - 13].

Vamwe vanhu, anonyora J. Nicolosi [16], anotsanangudza munhu, achitarisa chete pamaitiro ake. Nekudaro, vatengi vari kurapwa naye vanoona maitiro avo eungochani uye maitiro sevatorwa kune kwavo chaiko hunhu. Kune varume ava, zvinokosheswa, zvinokosheswa uye tsika dzinocherekedza kuzivikanwa kwavo kusvika pamwero mukuru pane kunzwa pabonde. Kuita zvepabonde, munyori anosimbisa, chinongova chimwe chete chikamu chehunhu hwemunhu, chinogara chichiwedzera kudzika, chiri kukura uye kunyange kuchichinja kuburikidza nehukama hwayo nevamwe.

Mukupedzisa, anoona kuti sainzi yepfungwa inofanira kutora mutoro mukufunga kana mararamiro eungochani aine hutano uye kuzivikanwa kwavo kwakajairika, uye vepfungwa vanofanirwa kuramba vachidzidza zvinokonzeresa ungochani uye kugadzirisa marapirwo arwo. Iye munyori haatendi kuti mararamiro eungochani anogona kunge aine hutano, uye kuzivikanwa kweungochani chaiko ego-sythonic [16].

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kutendeuka mhedzisiro kunoitwa, kunyanya, kushandisa hypnosis, auto native kudzidziswa, psychoanalysis, hunhu (hunhu), kungwara, kurapwa kweboka uye pesvedzero yakatarisana nechitendero. Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo nzira yekusimbisa uye kugadzirisa nekufamba kwemaziso (DPDG) [34] yakagadziriswa naFrancis Shapiro [35] yakashandiswa kuita izvi.

G.S. Kocharyan

Kharkov Medical Academy yePostgraduate Dzidzo

Mazwi akakosha: kusadikanwa kweungochani, psychotherapy, maviri maitiro.

Runyoro

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