Mafi yawan kayan da ke ƙasa ana buga su a cikin rahoton bincike. "Lafazin lafazin 'yan luwadi a madadin bayanan kimiyya”. doi:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

Nemo Mabuɗi

(1) Akwai ingantaccen tushe na rashin ƙarfi da tabbaci na asibiti cewa za a iya kawar da sha'awar ɗan luwaɗi yadda ya kamata.
(2) Wani muhimmin yanayin don tasirin maganin farfadowa shine sanarwar sanar da mara lafiyar da sha'awar canzawa.
(3) A yawancin halaye, sha'awar luwadi, wanda zai iya faruwa yayin balaga, yana ɓacewa ba tare da wata alama ba a lokacin da ya manyanta.

Gabatarwar

Kulawa ta musamman ga mutanen da suke son kawar da hankalin masu son luwadi da madigo (NGV) ana kiranta da farfajiyar farfadowa, SOCE.¹ ko maganin ramawa. Hakanan, irin wannan taimako ana kiranta farfadowa, juyowa, maganin hetero-commenative ko reintegrative therapy.

Tunda abubuwanda suka shafi asibiti game da nasarar kawar da hankalin dan luwadi da kuma canjin zuwa yanayin rayuwar maza da ke da matsala ya lalata mummunan labarin '' mazaunin '' da '' liwadi '' na liwadi, wanda ya ginu akan dukkan lamuran siyasa na masu gwagwarmayar gay, sun yi kokarin da yawa don yin watsi da matsalar fansho, da tona asirin. Ita mara amfani ce kuma mai cutarwa ce, kuma ga masu aikata sihiri kamar masu sihiri da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini. Ofaya daga cikin maganganun kullun na "LGBT +" motsi shine ikirarin cewa taimakon kwararru ne da alama ba'a iya kawar da GBV ba. Wannan magana ba gaskiya ba ce.

Ana kawar da NVG ta hanyar yin aiki tare da kwararru

A cikin shekara ta 1973, ban da egosyntonic (i mai yarda ga mara haƙuri) liwadi daga cikin jerin matsalolin rashin hankalin, Psyungiyar Hauka ta Amurka da daftarinbisa ga abin da: 

"... Hanyoyin magani na zamani suna ba da izinin wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na 'yan luwadi da ke son canza yanayin su don yin hakan ..." (Spitzer, 1973).

Majalisar ta ,ungiyar, da Kwamitin Amintattun su da kuma kwamitin Amintattu - majalisar da ta haɗa da matasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi gabaɗaya don nuna wariyar liwadi. APA ya jagoranci shi Leona Tyler manufawanda a cikin abin da maganganun masu ilimin halin dan adam ya kamata ya danganci ne kawai akan bayanan kimiyya da ainihin ƙwarewar ƙwararru. Kamar yadda tsohon shugaban Psyungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Amurka, Nicholas Cummings, ya ba da shaida, kusa da shekarun 90, ƙungiyar ta yi watsi da wannan ka'idar don faranta wa tsarin siyasa rai.

Bidiyo a Turanci

Koyaya, a cikin 2009, Psyungiyar Halayyar Ilimin Halayyar Amurka ta wallafa jagororin don ganewar asali da kulawa na ƙwaƙwalwa na zamani, a cikin abin da ya ruwaito mai zuwa:

"Bayanai na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa halayyar dan luwaɗi za a iya canza ta ta hanyar kwantar da hankali a cikin abokan da ke motsa zuciya, kuma yunƙurin ajujuwar ba zai haifar da cutarwa ba.” 
(Mahimmancin Psychopathology da Jiyyarsa (2009), 3d ed. p. 468, 

Koyaya, 'yan watanni daga baya, tare da nuna rashin daidaituwa, APA ta wallafa sanarwa cewa ramawa ba shi da inganci (APA 2009) Wannan magana ce da masu gwagwarmayar LGBT + suka yi - motsi a cikin tattaunawa game da yiwuwar tasirin warkewa a kan jan hankalin ɗan luwadi. Wani rukuni na membobin APA waɗanda suke mambobi ne na ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙungiyar Alliance for Thepepeutic Choice², a cikin martanin APA a cikin wannan shekarar ta buga wani bita game da bayanin APA, wanda ya jera irin wannan kasawa a cikin rahoton APA a matsayin zaɓi na tushen hanyoyin (Phelan 2009a, p. 45), sabani na aikace-aikace na ka'idoji don raunin rama (Phelan 2009a, p. 48), aikace-aikace na ma'auni biyu (aikace-aikace)Phelan 2009a, p. 49), da sauransu.

Don haka, menene ainihin za a nuna a cikin bayanin APA, idan kun bincika shi a hankali? Gabaɗaya ƙarshen shine la'anar rama magani kamar yadda bashi da amfani ko cutarwa. Koyaya, idan ka kalli shafukan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, zaka iya ganin hujjojin da aka tilasta wa marubutan rahoton su lura don guje wa ɓarna, amma ba su haɗa da waɗannan gaskiyar a cikin maganganun su da bayanan manema labarai ba:

"... Mun gano cewa ba a bincika hanyoyin rashin daidaituwa da hanyoyin zamani na ramawa ba. Ganin iyakataccen adadin binciken da aka iya dogara da shi ta hanyar hanyoyin da muke dasu, ba zamu iya cewa ko nau'ikan hanyoyin biyan kuɗin zamani suna da tasiri ko a'a ... ”(APA 2009, p. 43).

Me masana APA suke magana akai? Gaskiyar cewa basu sami ingantacciyar hujja cewa ramawa magani ba shi da amfani. Suna kawai ba su da ingantattun bayanai don su iya kusantar da irin wannan ƙarshen magana, duk da cewa sun yi duk abin da zai yiwu don ragewa, gwargwadon iko a cikin iyakokin binciken kimiyya, mahimmancin hanyoyin karatun da ba su dace da fassarar da ba ta dace ba game da maganin fansar³. Daga ƙarshe, a cikin gaskiyar abubuwan da aka lissafa a cikin takaddun APA guda ɗaya, akwai hujja kawai cewa ramawa ta jiki - a zahiri a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, babban wanda shine sha'awar haƙuri don canzawa - yana da tasiri. Masu gwagwarmayar LGBT + - ƙungiyoyi suna ƙoƙarin haɗa halayyar jinsi daya tare da ilmin halitta da ƙwaƙwalwa, suna jayayya cewa ba shi da ikon canzawa, amma wannan matsayi ya saba wa sakamakon binciken daban-daban da aka jera a cikin sanarwar APA.

Yi la'akari da ambato daga bayanan APA:

“… HE Adams da Sturgis (1977) sun binciki karatu bakwai da suka sanya a matsayin masu kula da hanya kuma suka gano cewa kashi 34% na mutane 179 suna da raguwar sha'awar luwadi homo. Daga cikin karatun da suka sanya su a matsayin hanyar da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba, sun gano cewa kashi 50% na mutane 124 suna da raguwar jan hankalin 'yan luwadi (shafi na 36)

- McConaghy (1976) ya gano cewa kusan rabin mutanen da suka shiga ɗayan ɗayan tsarin kulawa guda huɗu sun ba da rahoton raguwa ga sha'awar jima'i a cikin maza bayan watanni 6. Yawancin mahalarta taron sun lura da raguwar sha'awar jima'i a cikin maza kai tsaye bayan jiyya (p. 3)

- McConaghy da Barr (1973) sun gano cewa kusan rabin mutanen da suka karɓi magani sun ba da rahoto cewa an rage raguwa a cikin ɗan kishili (p. 38).

- Tanner (1975) ya gano cewa a sakamakon larura, matakin rage yawan kishiya ya ragu sakamakon amsawar gani (p. 38).

- Birk da abokan aiki (1971) sun gano cewa 62% na mazajen da aka kula da su sun nuna raguwa a cikin aikin kishili (p. 38).

- McConaghy da abokan aiki (1981) sun ba da rahoton cewa 50% na masu ba da magani sun ba da rahoton rage sha'awar jima'i bayan 1 a shekara (p. 38).

- A cikin wani binciken, HE Adams da Sturgis (1977) sun ba da rahoton cewa 68% na mahalarta 47 sun ba da rahoton raguwa a cikin aikin ɗan kishili (p. 37).

- McConaghy (1976) ya gano cewa shekara guda bayan maganin, 25% na maza gaba daya sun daina ayyukan ɗan kishili, a cikin 50% na maza adadinsu ya ragu, kuma 25% ya kasance ba canzawa (p. 38).

- A cikin wani binciken, McConaghy da Barr (1973) sun ba da rahoton cewa 25% na mazajen da suka karɓi magani sun rage ayyukansu na ɗan luwaɗi bayan 1 a shekara (p. 38).

- Tanner (1975) ya ba da rahoton raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin motar kishili sakamakon magani (p. 38).

- Bancroft (1969) ya lura cewa 4 na 10 da aka bi da maza ya rage yawan ɗan luwaɗi yayin bibiya. Freeman da Meyer (1975) sun ba da rahoton cewa 7 na maza na 9 a cikin karatunsu sun kaurace wa ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi 18 watanni bayan jiyya (p. 38).

- Dangane da wasu wallafe-wallafe tare da shari'o'in asibiti da nazarin harka, an sami raguwa ko ɓacewar ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi a cikin waɗanda ke shan magani (Gray 1970; Huff 1970; B. James 1962, 1963; Kendrick & McCullough 1972; Larson 1970; LoPiccolo 1971; Segal & Sims 1972 ) (shafi na 39) ... "(APA 2009).

Don haka, har ma APA bai bayyana a ƙarshensa cewa lura ba shi da inganci. Inganci a 30 - 50% yana da isa sosai ga kowane hanyar bincike, idan kawai don ware halayyar irin wannan hanyar "mara amfani".

Bugu da kari, NARTH ta buga nata rahoton a waccan shekarar, Abinda Bincike Ya Nuna: Martanin NARTH kan Da'awar Kungiyar Ilimin Kwakwalwar Amurkawa (APA) akan Luwadi.Phelan 2009b) A cikin wannan rahoto, an gudanar da bita kan wallafe-wallafen ta hanyar bayanin yanayin shari'o'i daga aikatawa, gwajin sarrafawa da lura a cikin shekaru dari da suka gabata.

Sama da 100 wallafe-wallafen Harshen Turanci waɗanda ke bayyana sakamakon nasarar karatun farfadowa an nuna su a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.

Source	Nau'in jiyya	sakamakon
Carl Jung nakalto a Fordham 1935	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana irin nasarar da aka samu da luwadi
Gordon 1930	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana ingantacciyar magani ga mara lafiyar ɗan luwaɗi
Stekel 1930	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	Ya bayyana nasarar da aka samu ta hanyar kwantar da hankali ga marassa lafiya guda huɗu
Anyie xnumx	dabarun maganin hypnosis	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
London 1950	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana irin nasarar da aka samu tsakanin maza biyu
Allen 1952	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasarar da aka samu ga masu luwadi biyu,  maza da mata
Poe 1952	karbuwa a farji	ya bayyana irin nasarar da aka samu da luwadi
Caprio xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana irin nasarar da matan da suke da luwadi suka samu: "da yawa daga cikin tsoffin 'yan madigo na sun gaya mani tsawon lokaci bayan magani ... cewa ba za su sake komawa ga tsarin luwadi ba»(P. 299)
Eliasberg 1954	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya ga maza 'yan luwadi na 12, an sami nasara a cikin shari'o'in 5 (42%)
Bergler 1956	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasarar da aka samu na kwantar da hankalin marassa lafiyar 100, wanda ya kai 33% na duk lamuran da ake dasu
Eidelberg a Lorand xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ingantaccen magani na marasa lafiya na 2 daga 5 (40%)
Ellis 1956	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ingantaccen magani na marasa lafiya na 40 (18) ♂, 12 ♀)
Berg 1958	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ingantaccen lura da marasa lafiyar Xnumx
Hadn xnumx	rukuni na rashin lafiya	da aka bayyana game da lura da mazajen 'yan luwadi na 3, an samu nasara a cikin shari'ar 1 (33%)
Hadfield xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ingantaccen lura da marasa lafiyar Xnumx
Ross 1958	hade da technic	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
Robertiello 1959	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	cin nasara marassa lafiyar ɗan luwaɗi
Ellis 1959	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana irin nasarar da aka samu da luwadi
Monroe 1960	psychodynamic far tare da ƙungiyar haɗin kyauta	nasara mai kyau na maza masu luwaɗan xnumx
Finny xnumx	hade da technic	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
Glover 1960	ilimin halin rashin lafiya a cikin maganganu na 7 lokuta na maganin hormone	ya bayyana lura da marasa lafiyar 113, nasarar da aka samu a cikin 44%
Beukenkamp xnumx	daban-daban da kuma rukuni na psychodynamic far	ya bayyana irin nasarar da aka samu da luwadi
Stevenson xnumx	tabbatar da horo	ya bayyana nasarar da aka samu game da mazajen gay na xnumx
Bieber xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana lura da marasa lafiyar 106, nasarar da aka samu a cikin 27%
Coates 1962	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana lura da marasa lafiyar 45; ci gaba (dakatar da halayen luwaɗi) an cimma shi a cikin shari'oin 7 (16%)
Ovesey 1963	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasarar da aka samu ga maza masu luwaɗan xnumx
Buki xnumx	hade daga injiniya	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
Cappon 1965	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 150, an samu nasara a cikin 30% na maza, 50% na mata, kuma a tsakanin majinyatan maza biyu - 90%
Mayerson a ciki Marmor xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 19, an sami nasara a cikin 47% na lokuta
Mintz xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	da aka bayyana game da lura da mazajen 'yan luwadi 10, an lura da nasarar a cikin 3 (30%)
Mather xnumx	halayyar jiyya da aversive dabaru	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 36, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 25 (69%)
Hadn xnumx	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana lura da marasa lafiyar 32, nasarar da aka samu a cikin 38%
Kaye xnumx, p. 633	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya da matan 'yan luwadi 15, an samu nasarar a cikin 8 (55%)
Alexander 1967	dabarun maganin hypnosis	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
Roper xnumx	dabarun maganin hypnosis	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
MacCulloch 1967	aversive far	nasara cikin kulawa da maza na luwaɗan xnumx
Kraft xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya da tsarin istigfari	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Serban 1968	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana nasara a cikin marasa lafiyar 'yan luwadi na Xnumx
Miller 1968	hade da technic	lura da tasiri na ayyuka bisa tsari
Ramsay xnumx	dabarun rashin aikin yi	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Freud 1968, p. 251	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	nasara a cikin kulawa da marasa lafiya na 2 daga 4 (50%)
Jacobi 1969	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana lura da marasa lafiyar 60, an lura da nasarar a cikin 6 (10%)
Yana son 1969	aversive far	ya bayyana nasarar cikin kula da marasa lafiyar 'yan luwadi da 60%
McConaghy 1969	aversive far	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Lamberd 1969	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasara a cikin marasa lafiyar 'yan luwadi na Xnumx
Bergin 1969	dabarun rashin aikin yi	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Ovesey 1969	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasara tare da maza na gay na Xnumx
Wallace xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Larson xnumx	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana tasiri na hanyar daidai da yadda ake gudanar da su, amma bai bayar da adadi daidai ba
Birk xnumx, p. 37	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 26, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 9 (35%)
Ciyar da xnumx	dabarun rashin aikin yi	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Bancroft in Yana ƙonewa xnumx	hanyoyin rashin nutsuwa	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 15, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 5 (33%)
Kraft xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya da tsarin istigfari	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
McConaghy 1970	aversive far	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Mandel xnumx	dabarun rashin aikin yi	Ya bayyana ingancin hanyar aiwatar da aiki
Hatterer xnumx	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 149, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 49 (34%)
Cautela 1971	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana nasara a cikin 37% na lokuta
Bieber a ciki Kaplan 1971	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasara a cikin 40% na lokuta
Truax 1971	rukuni na rashin lafiya	lura da tasiri na hanyar a kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa
Hadn xnumx	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasara a cikin 30% na lokuta
Birk xnumx	halayyar jiyya	aka bayyana nasara a xnumx%
Pittman xnumx	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 6, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 2 (33%)
Feldman xnumx, p. 156	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana jiyya ga maza 'yan luwadi na 63, an sami nasara a cikin 29% na lokuta
Van den Aardweg 1971	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 20, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 9 (42%)
Shealy xnumx	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Kendrick xnumx	dabarun rashin aikin yi	Ya bayyana ingancin hanyar aiwatar da aiki
Segal 1972	dabarun rashin aikin yi	Ya bayyana ingancin hanyar aiwatar da aiki
McConaghy 1972	aversive far	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Barlow xnumx	hali far, implosive far	aka bayyana nasara a xnumx%
McConaghy 1973	reflex masu fasaha	aka bayyana nasara a xnumx%
Maletzky 1973	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana jiyya ga maza 'yan luwadi na 10, an sami nasara a cikin 90% na lokuta
Herman 1974	dabarun shakatawa	ya bayyana jiyya ga maza 'yan luwadi na 3, an sami nasara a cikin 33% na lokuta
Birk xnumx, p. 41	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 66, an sami nasara a cikin 52% na lokuta
Bancroft xnumx	halayyar jiyya	aka bayyana nasara a cikin xnumx%
Cantón-Dutari 1974	dabarun hana daukar ciki, maganin hana daukar ciki	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 54, an samu nasara a cikin shari'oin 48 (89%)
Orwin 1974	aversive far	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Tanner xnumx	aversive far	ya bayyana fa'idar hanyar a cikin maza na gay 8
Freeman xnumx	halayyar jiyya	aka bayyana nasara a xnumx%
McConaghy 1975	aversive far	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Cantón-Dutari 1976	dabarun hana daukar ciki, maganin hana daukar ciki	ya bayyana cikakken nasarar nasara a cikin 11 na shari'ar 22 na maza maza (50%)
Callahan in Krumboltz 1976	dabarun rashin aikin yi	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Phillips 1976	dabaru na desensitization na zamani	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Socarides 1978, p. 406	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya na marasa lafiya na 44, an samu nasara a cikin 20 (45%)
James 1978	dabaru na desensitization na zamani	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Bieber xnumx, p. Xnumx	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	aka bayyana jiyya ga fiye da marasa lafiyar 'yan luwadi na 1000; magani mai nasara ya tashi daga 30% zuwa 50%
Birk a ciki Marmor xnumx	rukuni na rashin lafiya	ya bayyana jiyya ga maza na luwaɗan 14, an sami nasara a cikin shari'oin 10 (71%)
Pradhan xnumx	halayyar jiyya	ya bayyana jiyya ga maza na luwaɗan 13, inganci da aka lura a cikin 8 (61%)
Cafiso 1983	dabarun maganin hypnosis	ya bayyana nasara tare da wani ɗan luwadi
Van den Aardweg 1986a; 1986b	fahimi likita	ya bayyana lura da mara lafiyar 101, an lura da nasarar a cikin 30%, haɓakawa - a cikin 60%
Siegel 1988	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	da aka bayyana game da lura da matan 'yan luwadi na 12, an lura da nasarar a cikin 50%
Berger 1994, p. 255	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana nasara a cikin marasa lafiyar 'yan luwadi na Xnumx
Consiglio 1993	kula da makiyaya	ya bayyana cikakken canji zuwa aikin namiji a cikin 85%
MacIntosh 1994	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	nazarin yanayin shari'ar 1215 don marasa lafiya na ɗan kishili, an lura da nasarar a cikin 23%, kuma a cikin 84% an lura da tasirin magani mai mahimmanci
Schaeffer xnumx	kula da makiyaya	ya bayyana cewa a cikin rukuni na mahalarta 140, a cikin 29% an lura da cikakken canjin zuwa aikin namiji
Nicolosi 2000	psychodynamic far, kula da makiyaya, horo	ya bayyana cewa a cikin rukuni na marasa lafiya na 882 (maza na 689 da mata na 193) a cikin 34,3% na lokuta an sami cikakkiyar canjin zuwa na musamman ko kusan ayyukan heterosexual aka lura. Kafin aikin likita, 67% ya nuna sha'awar ɗan kishili kawai; bayan far, 12,8%.
Shidlo 2002	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	marubutan da farko sun kafa makasudin binciken don gano illar cutar lada. Misali, tallan neman membobi an sanya shi a cikin mujallolin yar luwadi a karkashin taken “Taimaka ManaSanar da cutarwar! " Marubutan sun bayyana ƙungiyar marasa lafiya na 202 (maza na 182 da mata na 20), wanda 12,9% sunyi la'akari da canji zuwa ayyukan heterosexual.
Spitzer 2003	ilimin halin rashin lafiya, kulawa na makiyaya	bincika rukuni na marasa lafiya na 200 (maza na 143 da mata na 57) waɗanda suka sha maganin farfadowa kuma suna ganin sakamakonsa da nasara. Dukkanin masu amsa sun lura da kasancewar sha'awar namiji, a cikin 17% na maza da 54% na mata wannan jan hankalin ya kasance na kwarai. Kafin maganin 46,% na maza da 42% na mata sun nuna fifiko ga ɗan kishili kawai, bayan maganin warkewa - 0%.
Karten 2006, ba a buga shi ba a cikin asalin mahalli	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	bincike cikin rukuni na maza na 117 wadanda ke fama da cutar fansho. An lura da raguwa sosai a cikin sha'awar ɗan kishili daga 4,81 zuwa 2,57 akan ma'aunin Kinsey
Cummings 2007, ba a buga shi ba a cikin asalin mahalli	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	da yake jawabi a wajen taron NARTH ya ruwaito a cikin 2005 cewa a cikin 1959 - 1979 'Yan luwadi na 18000 sun juya zuwa ga asibiti tare da matsaloli daban-daban, wanda kimanin 1 600 suke nufin canza yanayin jima'i. A lokacin jiyya, yawancin marasa lafiya sun sami canje-canje masu kyau a cikin psyche, sakamakon abin da 2400 daga cikinsu suka zama maza.
Jones 2007	kula da makiyaya	aka bayyana cewa a cikin rukuni na mahalarta 73 a cikin 15% an sami raguwa sosai a cikin aikin kishili kuma an lura da karuwa sosai a cikin mazinata na maza
Phelan 2017	ilimin halin rashin lafiya	ya bayyana wani rukuni na maza na 30, wanda a cikin shekara daya bayan kammala maganin, an lura da shi: sha'awar jima'i na musamman ga mata da maza - 23% (0% kafin jiyya), akasari ga mata da maza - 17% (0% kafin jiyya), a cikin to, digiri na biyu ga mace mai biyun shine 10% (0% kafin jiyya).

Taqaita abin da ake bayarwa har zuwa yau, za mu iya cewa a matsakaiciyar kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen da ke yin halayen ramuwar ƙwaƙwalwa sun ba da rahoton ɓacewar ɗabi'ar ɗan luwadi da haɓaka ga halayen mata, na uku - juzu'i mai mahimmanci ga sha'awar jima'i da haɓaka gaba ɗaya cikin halayyar ɗabi'a da aiki na zamantakewa, kuma na uku rahoton rashin sakamako. Babban mahimmancin nasarar lahanta magani shine muradin mai haƙuri, sanin mahimmancin dalilan da yasa ya jawo hankalinsa ga jima'i da kuma buƙatun motsa rai.

Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Yammacin duniya da ke adawa da maganin rashin sha'awar jan hankalin jinsi guda a karkashin hujjar cewa “yana iya cutarwa” a haƙiƙa, suna yaudarar jama'a ba tare da bayanin cewa: 

(1) All sabis na ilimin halin kwakwalwa na duk matsalolin sirri da na mutane na iya zama cutarwa; 
(2) Ilimin kimiyya da ke nunawa har yanzu bai nuna ko haɗarin cutar cutarwa ba a cikin hanyar kulawa da injin da ba a so ba, ya fi girma, daidai ne, ko ƙasa da haɗarin kowace psychotherapy. (Sutton 2015

Bincike nunacewa kusan 5 - 10% na marasa lafiya da ke shan magani na wariyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na iya fuskantar "sakamako mara kyau" - wato, haɓaka yanayin su. Abubuwan da ke haifar da maganin wariyarwa sun haɗa da ƙarancin ingantacciyar dangantakar mutum, da haƙuri da damuwa da damuwa, ƙarancin yanayi, da sauransu.

Yin jima'i yana haifar da sauye-sauye da jin dadi a cikin maza

Yadda masana kimiyar LGBT ke karyata ƙarshen binciken da aka yi akan maganin gyarawa

Kwatsam kawar da sha'awar ɗan luwadi

A cikin shekara ta 1916, Freud a cikin rubutunsa "Leonardo da Vinci: Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Jima'i na Tunanin Infantile Reminiscence" ya lura:

"... Ta hanyar lura da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum kai tsaye, mun sami damar nuna cewa mutumin da ya iya amsawa kawai don motsawar namiji a zahiri yana mai da martani ne ga mace, kamar kowane irin mutum na al'ada, amma duk lokacin da ya nuna farincikin shi ga abin namiji ..." (Freud 1916, III: 14).

Wannan aikin yana da goyan bayan bincike na zamani (Hadari 1980, Tolman & Diamond 2014)

A cikin shekara ta 1992, Shechter ya bayyana shari'ar wani canjin yanayi daga aikin ɗan kishili zuwa namiji a cikin wani mutumin da ya ci gaba da hanyar ilimin psychoanalytic, amma ba don NVH ba, amma don wani dalili (Shechter 1992) Mutumin ya daina hulɗa da abokin tarayya na ɗan kishili, ya daina yin luwadi, ya haɗu da rudu da mata. Bayan ya fara yin jima'i da mace, sai ya bayyana halin da kalmomin:

“… Ba zan iya raba kaina da ita ba kuma tana son shi! ... Shin wani, kamar ni, zai iya zama namiji ba zato ba tsammani? ... "(Shechter 1992, p. 200).

Masu binciken Michael da abokan aiki a cikin shekara ta 1994, dangane da sakamakon wani bincike na babban binciken, sun gano cewa a cikin wasu mutane, sha'awar ɗan kishili na iya, ba shakka, ba tare da neman maganin ramawa ba, ya zama baƙon namiji (Michael 1994).

Farfesa Lisa Diamond, mai bincike game da ilimin halayyar dan adam, memba a kwamitin kwararru na APA, wanda ba ya ɓoye zaɓin abin da ta ƙunsa, ya taƙaita sakamakon aikinta na shekaru da ta yi a cikin wata tattaunawa da New Scientist:

"Jima'i yana canzawa ... dole ne mu yarda da gaskiyar cewa jima'i na iya canzawa" (Grossman xnumx)

A cikin wata kasida a cikin Jaridar Nazarin Ilimin Jima'i, Diamond ta taƙaita binciken kimiyya, bisa ga abin da 26 - 45% na maza da 46 - 64% na mata sun ba da rahoton canji a cikin jima'i a cikin tsawon lokaci (daga 3 zuwa 10 shekaru), wanda mafi yawan bayar da rahoton canji, ya ba da rahoton canji ga maza. (Diamond 2016).

Ya kamata a sani cewa sabanin maganganun masu yada labaran LGBT, yanayin sha'awar jima'i na iya canza heterosexally da luwadi. Karatun na mutane maza zama ɗan kishili saboda matsananci lalata da satiety tare da alakar jima'i (al'ada)Krafft-Ebing 1909), tare da tsawaita rashin dacewar abokin tarawa, da kuma sakamakon lalata (Meijer 1993) Hujjojin kwayoyin halitta marasa tabbas suna nuna cewa jikin dukkan halittu masu rai da masu jima'i an yi su ne domin dangantakar dake tsakanin maza. Koyaya, wasu manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da mutane, suna da damar yin ayyukan jima'i a wasu yanayi waɗanda suka zarce tsarin yanayin dabi'a, bawai kawai tare da jinsi ba, har ma da kowane kayan jima'i gaba ɗaya. Karatun ya nuna cewa yanayin ƙarfin ƙarfin tunanin mutum na da sha'awar jima'i ya fi dacewa yana ƙayyade yanayin jima'i (Kudi & Tucker 1975, Hadari 1980)

Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa sha'awar namiji yana da kwanciyar hankali a kalla sau 25 fiye da luwaɗan. Masu bincike Savin-Williams da Ream sun gudanar da aikin ba da izini na dogon lokaci na lura da matasa daga shekarun 17 kuma sun kimanta yadda halayen ci gaban jima'i suke canzawa. Sun gano cewa a cikin 75% na matasa waɗanda suka nuna sha'awar ɗan kishili na kowane digiri a cikin shekarun 17-21, daga baya sha'awar jima'i ta musamman ta ɓullo, yayin da 98% na matasa da ke nuna sha'awar jima'i ya kasance a nan gaba (Savin-Williams 2007).

Whitehead da Whitehead's (2007) sun kammala cikakken nazarin nazarin Savin-Williams da Ream (2007), Michael da abokan aiki (1994), da sauransu, kuma sun ƙarasa da cewa a wasu yanayi sha'awar ɗan kishili ya zama namiji ba tare da wani tasiri ba (Farar fata 2007)

A cikin binciken da Ott da abokan aiki (2011) sakamakon bincike na ƙungiyar matasa na 13 840, an gano cewa 66% na waɗanda suke da'awar "ba su da tabbas" game da abubuwan da suka dace da jima'i daga baya sun zama maza na musamman.Ott xnumx).

Hakanan, an gudanar da bincike game da shari'o'i na canji na ɗanɗuwa daga ɗan kishili zuwa ayyukan namiji, wanda aka samu a cikin wallafe-wallafen aikin jarida, an aiwatar dashi a cikin 2007 a cikin Sorba (Sorba xnumx, shafuka 61 - 73).

Kula da kwararru da kuma labarun nasara na maganin NGV

1956 fitaccen masanin ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwar zamani ne Edmund Bergler ya rubuta masu zuwa:

"Shekaru 10 da suka gabata, mafi kyawun abin da kimiyya zata iya bayarwa shine sulhunta ɗan luwaɗan tare da" makomar sa ", a wasu kalmomin, kawar da jin daɗin saninsa na laifi. Kwarewar ilimin hauka da bincike na baya-bayan nan ba tare da wata shakka ba sun tabbatar da cewa abin da ake tsammani ba zai yiwu ba game da 'yan luwadi (wani lokacin ma ana danganta shi da yanayin ilimin halittu da yanayin yanayin halittar da ba na wanzu) hakika ainahin gyaran kwayar cutar ta neurosis. Rashin tabin hankali na rashin lafiya na baya shine sannu a hankali yake ɓacewa: yau ilimin psychoanalytic psychotherapy zai iya warkar da liwadi ”... Shin zamu iya warkar da kowane ɗan luwaɗi? - A'a Wasu abubuwan da ake buƙata sun zama dole, kuma mafi mahimmanci, sha'awar ɗan luwaɗi don canzawa ...

A duban farko, wannan cuta ta jima'i ana haɗuwa da ita da halakar da kai, abin da ke bayyane kansa a waje da yanayin jima'i, tunda ya ƙunshi halin mutum gaba ɗaya. Magabcin maƙiyi na ɗan luwadi ba ɓarna ba ne, amma jahilcinsa ne da za a iya taimaka masa, da masoarancin masoyarsa, wanda hakan ke hana shi magani. Wannan jahilcin ya samu karbuwa sosai ta hanyar shugabannin kishili ... ”(Bergler 1956).

Farfesa a fannin ilimin halin dan Adam Nikolai Vladimirovich Ivanov (1907 - 1976), daya daga cikin wadanda suka kirkiro tsarin ilimin jima'i na kasar Rasha, ya gano mahimman abubuwa guda uku don samun nasarar kulawa da jan hankalin 'yan luwadi: (1) halayyar mara lafiyar - shin yana tsayayya da jan hankali, shin yana jan hankalinsa, shin yana sane da rashin cancantar sa, Shin yana tsammanin sakamako na zamantakewar jama'a yayin taron amincewa don jawo hankalin? (2) kasancewar mara lafiya na kwarewar ɗan luwaɗi - N. V. Ivanov ya ɗauki wannan yanayin a zaman yanke hukunci. Idan mai haƙuri ɗan saurayi ne ko budurwa, kuma jan hankalin ɗan kishili har yanzu mafarki ne da abokantaka mai laushi - ana buƙatar tsarin ilimin halayyar gaggawa, wanda zai zama mai ban sha'awa sosai, yana haifar da cikakkiyar farfadowa game da jan hankalin maza; (3) rukuni na wasu dalilai na ciki da waje da ke tasiri ga mara haƙuri - wayar da kan mara lafiya game da lokacin fitina (alal misali, ƙaƙƙarfan jima'i mai ƙarfi ba tare da wani fifiko game da luwaɗanci kafin farawar balaga, a wasu kalmomin gyara akan jima'i); nuna rikicin hankalin mutumin da ke zaune a cikin luwadi ko kuma da sanin ɗan luwaɗi, kasancewar haɗakar mace ɗaya lokaci daya, da sauransu. (Ivanov 1966, p. 134).

Farfesa Ivanov ya dauki '' kundin tsarin mulki '' ko kuma rashi halaye a matsayin dalilai da ke hana cutar farfadowa (amma a nan, a ra'ayin malamin ilimin hauka, babu bukatar kin yarda da magani); fatan “kwaya” (don mu'ujiza); rudewar mara lafiya (wato, a zahiri, ba da son aiki ya canza).

A duk wadannan halayen, Ivanov zai ba da shawara ga mai haƙuri da kyau “a ƙi ƙi magani, yana ambata gaskiyar cewa ba shi da bukatar buƙata ta zama ta daban, ya ba da shawarar cewa mara lafiya ya koma wurin likita lokacin da rayuwa da kanta ke cikin damuwa kuma yana tayar da tambaya mai zafi na rashin yiwuwar ci gaba kasancewar tare da lalatacciya, lokacinda da dukkan yake son ya kawar da rashin lafiyar sa ”(Ivanov 1966, p. 134).

Anoalibin Ivanov, Dr. Yan Genrikhovich Goland, ya yi amfani da ra'ayoyin malamin a kan haɓaka ingantacciyar hanyar magani na jan hankalin ɗan kishili, wanda ya yi nasarar amfani da ita har zuwa yau. Farfesa ya kunshi matakai uku:
1) halittar yanayin nutsuwa ta hanyar jima'i a ciki wanda aka inganta halin nuna bambanci ga mutanen jinsi;
2) samuwar tsinkaye irin na mace da jan hankalin mace.
3) kyakkyawar alaƙa da mace, haɓaka koyarwar maza.
Goland ta yarda da magani ne kawai waɗannan 'yan luwadi waɗanda ke nuna kyakkyawar niyya don kawar da sha'awar luwadi, kuma sanar game da nasarar warkewa ta kusanci 100%.

Masanin Amurka Jeffrey Satinover ya yarda da waɗannan bayanan, bisa ga abin da, a cikin ƙungiyar da aka zaɓa a hankali cikin mutane masu himma sosai, matakin nasara aikin ramawa yana kusa da 100%, yayin da a cikin wani tsari mai sabani, sakamako mai nasara shine kusan 50% (Satinover xnumx, p. 51).

Masanin ilimin hauka na Amurka Yusufu Nicolosi (1947 - 2017) ya haɓaka ingantacciyar hanyar maganin ramawa, bisa mahangar cewa jan hankalin ɗan kishi shine sakamakon abin da ake kira "rashin asalin jinsi" wanda ya haifar da warwatse daga jinsi ɗaya, rashin goyon baya daga iyaye da abokan rayuwa a cikin samar da asalin zama jinsi, da kuma haɓaka aikin jima'i. gwaji da jama'a (Nicolosi 1991, 1993, 2009) Har ila yau, Nicolosi ya buga takardu na kimiyya da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafe na mutane.⁴.

Likita dan kasar Spain Elena Lorenzo Rego⁵ samu nasarar taimakawa matasa yan luwadi da neman taimako. A cikin al'adar ta, an sami wasu lokuta masu yawa na dakatar da rayuwar dan luwadi da kuma sauyewa zuwa alakar da mace ko namiji.Portaluz 2014).

Daya daga cikin fitattun kwararrun da ke magana da harshen Rashanci wajen kula da NGV a Gabashin Turai shi ne Likitan ilimin halayyar dan adam da likitan mata na Farfesa Garnik Surenovich Kocharyan.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an buga wahayin mutane da yawa waɗanda suka sami nasarar barin rayuwar dan luwadi kuma suka ƙirƙira sha'awar liwadi. Misali, W. Aaron ya rubuta a cikin rubutun nasa:

"... Tsawon shekaru 20 ina yin luwadi (...) a yau, shekaru da yawa daga baya (...) Na jagoranci rayuwar wani namiji kuma ina jin daɗinsa ..." (Haruna 1972, p. 14).

Wasu misalai an gabatar dasu a ayyukan. Masu sake dubawa (1995), Worthen (1984), Konrad (1987), Comiskey (1988), Judkins (1993). Breedlove (1994), Mai ƙarfi (1994), Davies (1993), Goldberg (2008), Pabon (2015), Baley (xnumx), Glatze (2007). Game da misalai na tarihin rayuwar 100 na kin amincewa da liwadi cikin ɗan littafin an ba su cikin littafin Voices of Hope: Saintarshen Saint na Persarshen Zamani game da Janyewar jinsi guda - An Anthology of Koyarwar Bishara da Lafiyar mutum (2011) (Mansfield xnumx).

An tattara bayanai da yawa da kuma ayoyi a shafukan yanar gizo wadanda ke hada kan mutane wadanda suka samu nasarar kawar da sha'awar luwadi da madigo, alal misali, “An canza","Muryar Canji","Muryoyin bege"Kuma"Muryar mara sautin magana".

Tatsuniyoyi game da Aversive Therapy

A cikin "LGBT +" - lafazin magana da ke nuna rarrabewar murmurewa, tatsuniya cewa, a farkon, har zuwa 1970s, an yiwa magidantan gabaɗaya ta hanyar wucewa da wutar lantarki ta hanyar kwakwalwa, yana riƙe da babban matsayi. Kuna iya jin sauƙin jin tausayi da juyayi don haifar da tausayawa tsakanin jahilai mazaunan tarihi, kamar a gaban mutanen da ke da sha'awar luwadi da ƙarfi an jefa su a kujerar lantarki.

Wannan qarya ce. An tsara shi ne don tsoratar da kwantar da hankalin waɗancan 'yan luwadi da suke ƙoƙarin neman wata dama ta kawar da NGV. Rahoton da ke sama (Phelan 2009b) tabbatacce yana nuna cewa maza da mata masu sha'awar kawar da NVH sun sami nasarar cimma burin su ba tare da wani 'wucewar wutar lantarki ta hanyar kwakwalwa ba'. A cikin 1970's, wannan sanannen sanannen kimiyya ne, wanda manyan labarai na tsakiya suka rubuta game da shi.

Misali, wata kasida a cikin jaridar New York Times daga shekarar 1971 mai taken "xarin luwadi da aka taimaka ta zama maza" yayi magana game da hanyoyin dabaru daban-daban - ilimin sihiri, ƙungiyar rukuni, haɗe tare, da sauransu.:

“… Ta hanyar amfani da dabaru daban-daban na halayyar dan adam, masu ilimin kwantar da hankali sun gano cewa samari 'yan luwadi da suka kuduri aniyar canza yanayin jima'i suna da kyakkyawar damar samun nasara. Bugu da ƙari, masu ilimin kwantar da hankali sun bayar da rahoton cewa sun taimaka 25-50% na marasa lafiya na ɗan kishili kammala cikakkiyar gyara tsakanin maza da mata, ba tare da la'akari da shekarunsu ko motsawar farko ba (...) (…) [Dokta Lawrence] Hatterer yana ƙoƙari ya taimaka wa marasa lafiyarsa fahimtar asalin halayen ɗan luwadi ta hanyar bincika dangantakar iyali da abubuwan ƙuruciya. A lokaci guda, yana ƙoƙari ya canza halayen ɗan luwaɗi ta hanyar aiki tare da marasa lafiya don ganowa da kauce wa fannoni na rayuwa waɗanda ke haifar da alamomin ɗan luwadi, da maye gurbinsu da abubuwan da ke haifar da daɗi da alaƙar maza da mata. Yana iya, alal misali, ya ba da shawarar cewa mai haƙuri ya daina ziyartar sandunan luwadi kuma ya tafi sanduna na yau da kullun maimakon haka, ko kuma maye gurbin hotunan batsa da hotunan maza da hotunan mata.

Likita ya ce wani mai shekaru 30 mai haƙuri ya yi cikakkiyar gyaran heterosexual a cikin watanni uku na magani. Wani mutum ba tare da ƙaramar labarin jima'i ya fara farfaɗo ba lokacin da ya kusan kai kansa ga kisan kansa, ya rabu da mutumin da ya zauna tare da shekara biyu. "Bayan kawai awanni na 45 na mintina tara da 27 sauraron rakodin, mutumin ya kasance mai aikatawa tare da kiyaye kyakkyawar dangantakar jima'i da budurwarsa sau da yawa a mako," in ji Dokta Hatterer.

Babban mahimmancin magani shine sanar da mara lafiyar cewa akwai wata dama ta wata hanya taimakawa matsalar sa.

A Cibiyar Nazarin Halayen Aiki a Jami'ar Temple, Dr. Joseph Walp da abokan aikin sa sun yi ƙoƙarin bi da luwaɗanci kawai ta hanyar gyara halayen su ta amfani da hanyoyin halayen.

'' Kai musu hari ta hanyan uku '' yana shafar 'yan luwadi da tsoron saduwa da mata ta zahiri, da jan hankalinsu ga maza, da kuma fargabarsu ta gaba daya. Misali, don kawar da fargaba game da mata, mai haƙuri ya shiga cikin yanayin nutsuwa sosai sannan ya gabatar da mata. Don kawar da sha'awar jima'i ga maza, marasa lafiya suna fuskantar irin wannan damuwa ta "juyawa" kamar rikicewar wutar lantarki yayin nuna hotunan maza tsirara ... "(Broody xnumx).

Don haka, ga shi - ambaton wutar lantarki! Me ya faru da gaske?

A cikin magani, da gaske akwai irin wannan hanyar magani kamar wucewar wutar lantarki ta hanyar kwakwalwar mai haƙuri don ƙwanƙwasawar 0.1 zuwa 1 - ana kiranta maganin electroconvulsive (ECT). An gabatar da wannan hanyar a cikin 1938 don magance cututtukan cututtukan schizophrenic (Wilson 2017) Har yanzu ana amfani da ECT a yau don magance cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa daban-daban wanda wasu nau'ikan jiyya basa da tasirin da ake so. Kamar yadda aka fada a cikin bita a cikin mujallar ta sahihiyar likkafani Clinical Psychopharmacology da Neuroscience:

“... Wutar lantarki ta hanyar zamani wacce aka gwada amfani da ita wajen magance cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, hanyar ECT ta sami ci gaba da yawa. Duk da yawan zargi, har yanzu ana amfani da ECT a aikace na asibiti ... ”(Singh da Kumar Kann 2017).

A halin yanzu, kusan marasa lafiya miliyan 1 a shekara suna zuwa aikin warkarwa don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, yawanci matsananciyar damuwa, cutar catatonia da cutar manic. Kamar yadda BBC Psychology ta rubuta:

"... Maganin lantarki yana taimaka wa marasa lafiya a cikin kashi 80% na shari'o'in - amma ƙyamar da ke tattare da wannan hanyar ta nuna cewa ECT ba ta taimaka wa dukkan mutane cewa za ta iya taimakawa ..."Riley 2018)

Tabbas, akwai muhawara mai zafi game da tasiri, aminci da ɗabi'ar ECT. Amma ba su dace da batun ba - Ba a taɓa yin amfani da ECT a hukumance a cikin aikin liwadi ba.

Hotuna masu ban tsoro na tsoratar da raɗaɗin mutane suna bugun zubar da wutar lantarki da nassoshi game da halayen Jack Nicholson daga fim ɗin "Flight over the Cuckoo's Nest" na shekara ta 1975, waɗanda ke cike da albarkatu na "LGBT +" - ƙungiyoyi akan batun magani - ba su da alaƙa da batun.

Abubuwan fashewar wutar lantarki da aka bayyana a cikin labarin da ke sama a cikin The New York Times sun danganta da hanyar maganin tashin hankali. Juyin juya hali bawai maganin warkarwa bane. Ba tare da wariyar cutar ba, wutar lantarki ba ta wucewa ta kwakwalwar mai haƙuri.

Aversive therapy, dangane da yanayin yanayin Pavlov, yana tsunduma cikin samarda kyama ga rashin kwarin gwiwa a matakin sassauyin yanayin. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don son rai don kawar da jaraba, abubuwan tsoro, tashin hankali, rikicewar jima'i har ma da spasms (McGuire da Vallance 1964) Ana samun wannan ta hanyar haɗuwa da haushi wanda ba a so (sigari, zina, batsa, da dai sauransu) tare da jin daɗin ji (jin zafi, tashin zuciya, tsoro, da sauransu). Motar wutar lantarki ana yin ta ne ta hanyar kayan aiki wanda ke gudana akan batirin 9-volt, inda mai haƙuri da kansa ya kafa matakin cirewa wanda za'a iya jure masa, wanda aka sadar da shi ta hanyar cuffde zuwa ga biceps ko ƙananan ƙafa na ƙafa (ba tare da matsala ga yanki na ciki ba).

Wannan hanya ce ta warkewa ta jiki da aka yi amfani da ita tare da yardar marasa lafiya don rabu da HBV. A cikin shekarun 70, ilimin halayyar halayya ya sami farin jini sosai, kuma ana sayar da bindigogi masu tayar da hankali har ma da amfanin gida.

Tare da banbancin da ba a sani ba, ba a amfani da maganin tawaya tare da na wutar lantarki yau a cikin maganin NGV saboda rashi da yawa da ke da nasaba da rashin tasirin tasirin. Maganin rashin damuwa yana nufin ilimin halayyar mutum, wanda, kamar yadda sunan sa ya nuna, yana ma'amala ne kawai da halayyar - i.e. bayyanar cututtuka na waje na matsalar. A kokarin warware matsalolin da suka danganci dalilan tabin hankali (kamar a cikin luwadi), ingancinsa ba zai zama mai dadewa ba, tunda aikin ba da niyyar kawar da sanadin dalilan ne, amma don dakile abubuwan bayyane. Halin sassaucin yanayi yana tashi a wasu yanayi kuma yana ɓacewa cikin rashi. Don haka, don kula da yanayin nutsuwa na lokaci-lokaci zuwa wani yanayi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfafa tsofaffin tsoffin wajibi ne. Idan babu ingantaccen ƙarfafa na tsari, ofarfin mahaukaciyar yanayin zai zama ƙaddara. Don haka, binciken 1968 na shekara ya nuna cewa sakamakon magancewa na karkatar da jima'i, an sami ci gaba a cikin 23 na shari'ar 40 (57%), amma lokacin bincika shekara guda daga baya ya juya cewa an kiyaye cikakkiyar nasara kawai a cikin shari'o'in 6 (15%) (Bancroft da Alama 1968) Yawan kyaututtukan ga masu wuce gona da iri, masu sihiri, da masu nadama sun yi yawa, sakamakon da bai samu karbuwa ba ga 'yan luwadi, kuma masu karancin kai ga mutanen da ke wuce gona da iri. Don kwatantawa, marasa lafiyar da suka kammala karatun aikin pshododynamic sun ci gaba da zama na kaɗaici da shekara 20 bayan haka (Bieber da Bieber 1979, p. 416).

Yin ba da magani yana daga cikin ka'idojin jiyya na Tarayya kuma ana amfani dashi don magance matsaloli da yawa. Masana sun yarda cewa amfani da maganin tawaya yana yiwuwa kuma wani lokacin ma ya zama dole, amma don cimma sakamako mafi kyau kuma mafi tsayayye, ana so a aiwatar dashi tare da sauran hanyoyin psychotherapeutic.

Ya kamata a sani cewa masu gwagwarmayar ƙungiyar "LGBT +", suna neman a hana su duk hanyoyin da ake bi don bi da sha'awar luwadi, waɗanda ake zargi da wa ɗanda ake zargi da halayen. Misali, yayin sauraron kararrakin hana daukar hoto a wata kotun Amurka da ke 2013, an ji shaidar Briel Goldani (mutumin da ya ci gaba da aikin likita da na doka don canzawa zuwa mace). Dangane da waɗannan shaidu, a lokacin 13 shekaru (1997 shekara), iyayensa sun tilasta shi zuwa "sansanin gyaran kishili na Kirista" wanda ake kira "Hanyoyi na Gaskiya" a cikin Ohio, inda aka tilasta wa yara halartar ayyukan cocin ƙiyayya da lalata fasikanci a kan hotunan batsa. , an basu shirye-shiryen shigarwar jini da kwayoyin cuta tare da abubuwanda ke gudana a cikin hannayen su na sa'o'i biyu. Yana sauti da gaske m da m: "Kirista gay sansanin."

Sai dai, sakamakon binciken da aka yi sosai, ba a sami wata shaida da ke nuna goyon baya ga wanda ake zargin Goldani ba, babu daya daga cikin sauran yaran da ake zargin suna karbar magani a sansanin da ya bayyana, rajistar mai gabatar da kara ba ta tabbatar da wanzuwar wannan sansanin ba. Wurin da kawai aka kafa "zango na sake dawo da jin daɗin gay" wanda ake kira "Gaskiya Kwatance" ... fim ne na Hollywood a shekara ta 1999 wanda 'yar madigo ta ba da umarni kuma shahararren mashahurin mai ruɗar rupea (Doyle 2013; Sprigg 2014) A zahiri, babu tuhumar da aka yi wa tuhumar zinaren Goldany.

Wani misalin mai kama da alaƙa yana da alaƙa da ɗan kishili Samuel Brinton, wanda ya zargi mahaifansa da laifin "doke shi saboda luwaɗan" tun yana yaro, sannan kuma ya tura shi zuwa sansanin "gyara" makamancin haka, inda aka “yi masa allura mai kauri a ƙusoshinsa, ta hanyar Ya ba da wutar lantarki, ya daskare kankara da kuma dumin mai zafi ga mamatan yayin kallon hotunan 'yan luwadi. Kyautatawa (biya) don tambayoyin tambayoyi, Brinton ya kara haske, kuma cikakkun bayanai na azabtarwar mutum ya zama mafi muni. Koyaya, duba maganarsa, ko da daga wasu masu gwagwarmayar "LGBT +", basu bayyana komai ba wanda zai iya tabbatar da abin da ya faɗi - akasin haka, an gano yawancin sabanin ra'ayi da gaskiyar magana ta gaskiya (Sprigg 2014).

Wannan ƙaramar ƙarya tana da niyyar tsoratarwa da ɓoye waɗancan xan luwadi waɗanda suka fara neman hanyoyin kawar da sha'awar jinsi guda, wanda ke hana su jagorancin cikakken rayuwa (kuma akwai da yawa). Wannan ƙaryar na iya zama da mutuƙar rai: kusan duk tsoffin 'yan luwadi sun ba da rahoton cewa tunaninsu na kisan kai ya taso ba ne daga ƙiyayya ba, amma daga son kai da yadda suke ji. rashin begesaboda sun hakikance cewa basu da hanyar canzawa.

Gaskiyar da mutane masu motsa zuciya suka sami damar yin rabuwar kai tsaye tare da luwaɗan kuma sun zama maza suna lalata tushen wariyar launin fata, wanda ke iƙirarin cewa luwaɗi abu ne da ba shi da canji, kamar tsere, sabili da haka masu gwagwarmayar LGBT ba sa raina ƙwararrun labarai masu ban tsoro.

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Bayanan kula

1 Turanci: "ƙoƙarin canza yanayin juyayin jima'i" - "ƙoƙarin canza yanayin jima'i"

2 Tsohon Associationungiyar forasa don Bincike da Kula da Launin Jima'i (NARTH)

3 alal misali, amfani da mafi mahimmancin ka'idoji don tasiri, watsi da maganganun ɗakunan asibiti na ingantaccen ilimin, amma yin la’akari da ire-iren waɗannan shari'o'in mummunan sakamako, da sauransu.

4 https://www.josephnicolosi.com/published-papers/

Xnumx Elena Lorenzo Rego

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Informationarin Bayani

Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani da cikakkun bayanai a cikin hanyoyin masu zuwa:

1. https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#WitnessesPhelan JE, et al. Abin da Bincike ya Nuna: Amsar NARTH game da iƙirarin APA game da liwadi Rahoton kwamitin bada shawara na kimiyya na tshi Associationungiyar forasa don Bincike da Kula da Launin Jima'i. Jaridar Jima'i ta Dan Adam. 2009b; Xarar 1.
2. Byrd AD, Phelan JE Gaskiya da Tatsuniyoyi akan Ilimin Fuskantar Al'adun Farko cikin Magungunan Jinsi marassa so. Haɗin kai don zaɓin warkewa da amincin kimiyya, 2005.
3. Shafin likitan ilimin heteroaffirmative: https://iftcc.org/
4. Shafin mutane masu sha'awar jinsi daya, waɗanda suka yi nasarar cimma canje-canje: https://changedmovement.com/
5. Shaida kan Canje-canje: https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#Witnesses

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