Labarin ya bayyana matsalar kare ƙimomin iyali na gargajiya a duniyar zamani. Darajojin iyali da na iyali sune ginshikin da aka gina al’umma a kai. A halin yanzu, tun daga rabi na biyu na ƙarni na ashirin, abubuwan da ake nufi da lalata dangin gargajiya an yada su da gangan a wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Turai. Tun kafin ƙarshen Yaƙin Ƙasar Ƙasar, sabon yaƙin ya fara - alƙaluma. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar taƙaitaccen labari game da yawaitar Duniya, an fara gabatar da hanyoyin rage yawan haihuwar da masu kidayar jama'a suka kirkiro. A shekarar 1994, an gudanar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Yawan Jama'a da Ci Gaba, inda aka tantance matakan da aka dauka cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata don warware "matsalolin alƙaluma". Daga cikinsu akwai "ilimin jima'i", zubar da ciki da haifuwa, "daidaita jinsi". Manufar rage yawan haihuwar da aka yi la’akari da ita a cikin labarin, farfagandar aiki na rashin haihuwa da nau'ikan alaƙar da ba ta dace ba ta saba da muhimman buƙatun Tarayyar Rasha, waɗanda yawansu ke raguwa cikin sauri. Rasha, ga alama, dole ne ta yi tsayayya da halayen da aka nuna, kare dangi na gargajiya da gabatar da matakai don tallafa mata a matakin majalisa. Labarin ya ba da shawarar yanke shawara da yawa waɗanda dole ne a yanke su akan ƙa'idodin manufofin jama'a na waje da na ciki don kare ƙimar iyali na gargajiya. Ta hanyar aiwatar da wannan shirin, Rasha tana da kowane damar zama jagorar ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan iyali a duniya.
Kalmomi: dabi'u, ikon mallaka, yawan jama'a, haihuwa, manufofin kasashen waje, dangi.
Darajojin ruhaniya da na ɗabi'a, waɗanda tuni an manta da su a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, a akasin haka, sun ƙarfafa mu. Kuma koyaushe za mu kare da kare waɗannan ƙimar.
Shugaba Vladimir Putin
Adireshin Majalisar Tarayya na Tarayyar Rasha, 21.04.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX
Darajojin iyali na gargajiya da walwalar jama'a
Darajojin iyali da na iyali sune ginshikin da aka gina al’umma a kai. A cikin dukkan al'adun al'adu, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa ba, haihuwa da tarbiyyar yara sune ginshiƙan ma'anar da aka gina ƙa'idoji, ƙima da alaƙar membobin al'umma.
A cikin da'irar iyali, zamantakewa ta farko da ilimantar da mutum yana faruwa, samuwar asalinsa na ikirari na ƙasa. Karya wannan da'irar - mutane za su ɓace, su faɗi cikin mutane daban -daban waɗanda ke sarrafawa waɗanda ba sa buƙatar yin tunani game da makomar yaransu. Iyali ne hanyar haɗi tsakanin tsararraki uku ko ma huɗu waɗanda ke kula da juna. Sabili da haka, ta hanyar kare iyali da haihuwa, al'umma tana kare kanta, wadata, ikon mallaka da amincin yanki - gaba.
A lokaci guda, tun daga rabi na biyu na ƙarni na ashirin, abubuwan da ake nufi da lalata dangin gargajiya sun yadu da gangan a Yammacin duniya. Aiki mai ma'ana ya fara tozarta Kiristanci da sauran addinan gargajiya da ke ƙarfafa ƙimar iyali. Maimakon ginshiƙan duniyoyin da aka gwada na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ke tabbatar da ƙoshin lafiya ba mutum ɗaya kawai ba, har ma da sauran al'umma gaba ɗaya, an ba da shawarar akidojin da ke kawar da ƙa'idodin mutane da sanya fifikon mutum sama da na kowa. Bayan rasa Yakin Cacar Baki, Rasha ta rasa labulen baƙin ƙarfe, sakamakon abin da tasirin "ci gaba" na Yammacin ya shiga cikin sararin bayan Soviet. 'Ya'yansu masu ɗaci - a cikin yanayin ɓarna na akida, rage yawan haihuwa, lalata jagororin ruhaniya da ɗabi'a da kiyaye kan jama'a - muna girbi har yau.
A cikin mahallin yaƙin alƙaluma a kan yawan mutanen duniya, wanda 'yan wasan duniya ke aiwatarwa, ƙimar iyali ta zama kayan siyasa da ƙarfin siyasa wanda ke jan hankalin mutanen da ke neman adalci.
Sharuɗɗan tarihi don lalata ƙa'idodin gargajiya
Tun kafin ƙarshen Yaƙin Ƙasar Ƙasar, sabon yaƙin ya fara - alƙaluma. A shekara ta 1944, Hugh Everett Moore, shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasar Amirka, ya kafa asusu don tallafawa ƙungiyoyin kula da yawan jama'a.
A cikin 1948, an buga littattafan da suka haifar da muhawara ta Malthusia game da zargin yawaitar mutane da lalata Duniya: Planet ɗinmu da aka ƙwace ta Fairfield Osborne da Hanyar Tsira ta William Vogt. Tare da Bomb na Jama'ar Gidauniyar Hugh Moore (1954), wanda ya haifar da barazanar yawan jama'a kuma ya bayyana buƙatar rage yawan haihuwa, waɗannan littattafan sun tayar da tashin hankali. Matsalar alƙaluma ta ɗauki ɗimbin jama'a, 'yan siyasa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [1].
A cikin 1959, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoto game da yanayin yawan jama'a na duniya, wanda ya kammala da cewa hauhawar yawan jama'a na barazanar zaman lafiyar duniya. Rahoton ya yi nuni da bukatar gaggawa don sarrafa karuwar yawan jama'a. Tunanin Neo-Malthusian ya mamaye hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka har suka fara tallafawa da'awar cewa ɗan adam yana zama "ciwon daji na duniya." Paul da Anne Ehrlich sun rubuta a cikin littafinsu mai ban sha'awa "Bomb mai yawa" kuma sun buƙaci a hanzarta "yanke fitar da ci gaban alƙaluma "[70] ...
A cikin 1968, lauyan Amurka Albert Blaustein ya nuna cewa don iyakance karuwar yawan jama'a, ya zama dole a sake duba dokoki da yawa, gami da waɗanda ke kan aure, tallafin iyali, shekarun yarda, da liwadi [3].
Kingsley Davis, daya daga cikin jiga -jigai na ci gaban manufofin kayyade haihuwa, ya soki masu tsara iyali don yin watsi da irin wadannan matakan hana haihuwa "son rai" a matsayin halatta da karfafawa mahaifa da zubar da ciki, da kuma "hanyoyin saduwa da dabi'a" [4]. Daga baya, ya amince da tsarin iyali kamar yadda ya cancanta, amma bai isa ba, yana misalta, tsakanin wasu abubuwa, irin waɗannan hanyoyin hana haihuwa kamar saduwar al'aura, hulɗar ɗan luwaɗi da kisan gilla [5].
A cikin 1969, a cikin jawabinsa ga Majalisar, Shugaba Nixon ya kira karuwar yawan jama'a "daya daga cikin manyan kalubale ga makomar bil'adama" tare da yin kira da a dauki matakin gaggawa. A cikin wannan shekarar, Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Iyaye na Ƙasa (IPPF) Frederic Jaffe ya ba da wata takarda da ke bayanin hanyoyin kula da haihuwa, wanda ya haɗa da haifuwa, zubar da ciki, maganin hana haihuwa daga waje, rage tallafin zamantakewa ga uwa, da ƙarfafa girma na liwadi.
A wannan lokacin ne tarzomar Stonewall ta barke, inda 'yan luwadi suka ayyana tabin hankali a matsayin makiyan # 1 kuma, bayan da suka kirkiro kungiyar "' Yancin 'Yan Luwadi," suka shirya tarzoma, kone -kone da ayyukan barna. Matsanancin matsin lamba na shekaru uku a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka (APA) ya fara, tare da ayyukan girgizawa da tsanantawa na kwararru, kuma ya ƙare tare da ɓarna da liwadi [4]. Bayan haka, kawai ta hanyar cire liwadi daga cikin jerin cututtukan tabin hankali, ya yiwu a fara inganta salon rayuwar ɗan luwaɗi azaman al'ada da lafiya, waɗanda masu ba da shawara suka ba da shawarar rage yawan haihuwa.
A cikin 1970, marubucin ka'idar canjin alƙaluma, Frank Knowstein, yana magana a Kwalejin Yakin Ƙasa a gaban manyan hafsoshi, ya lura cewa "ana kāre luwadi bisa la'akari da cewa yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan jama'a" [6]. Wasu malaman kai tsaye sun zargi laifin luwadi da madigo ga matsalar yawan mutane a duniya [7].
A cikin 1972, an buga Rahoton Iyaka don Ci Gaban Ƙungiyar Club ɗin Rome, inda duk yanayin alherin alƙaluma ya buƙaci canjin zamantakewa da siyasa, wanda aka bayyana cikin tsananin kulawar haihuwa a matakin raguwar yanayi.
Tun daga shekarun sittin na karni na ƙarshe, rage yawan mutanen duniya ya kasance yana da sha'awa da samun kuɗi ta hanyoyin da suka haɗa da haɓaka liwadi, rashin haihuwa, da zubar da ciki. Rahoton Kwamitin Tsaro na Kasa NSSM-200, wanda ya ba da rahoto game da buƙatar rage yawan haihuwa, ya ba da shawarar "indoctrination" na ƙaramin ƙarni game da buƙatun ƙaramin iyali. A cikin 1975, umarnin Shugaba Ford “NSSM-200” ya zama jagora ga ayyukan manufofin ketare na Amurka.
An gabatar da hanyoyi don rage yawan haihuwar da aka samu ta hanyar masu kidayar jama'a a ƙarƙashin taken taken kare haƙƙin ɗan adam: haƙƙin yara, haƙƙin haihuwa, da kare mata daga tashin hankalin cikin gida (Yarjejeniyar Istanbul).
A shekarar 1994, an gudanar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Yawan Jama'a da Ci Gaba, inda aka tantance matakan da aka dauka cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata don warware "matsalolin alƙaluma". Daga cikin matakan an ɗauki "ilimin jima'i", zubar da ciki da haifuwa, daidaiton "jinsi". An lura da ci gaba a ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda suka sami raguwar yawan haihuwa [8].
A cikin 2000, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da UNFPA (ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke hulɗa da "matsalolin alƙaluma") sun amince da yarjejeniyar IPPF tare da yin kira ga ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya da su duba dokoki, musamman dangane da zubar da ciki da liwadi [9].
A cikin 2010, an haɓaka ƙa'idodin WHO don ilimin jima'i a Turai, wanda ke jaddada haɓaka dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ga yara da farkon jima'i na yara [10].
A watan Mayun 2011, an buɗe Majalisar Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Rigakafi da Yaƙi da Rikicin Mata da Rikicin cikin gida (Yarjejeniyar Istanbul) don sanya hannu a Istanbul. Turkiyya ta zama kasa ta farko da ta amince da Yarjejeniyar. Koyaya, bayan shekaru 10, a cikin Maris 2021, an ba da umarnin janyewa daga ciki. Sanarwar ta ce "Babban taron, wanda aka yi niyyar kare hakkokin mata, ya dace da wasu gungun mutane da ke kokarin daidaita luwadi, wanda bai dace da dabi'un zamantakewa da dangi na Turkiyya ba," in ji sanarwar.
Lallai, rahoton Sweden game da aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Istanbul yana nuna cewa tasirin ayyukan da gwamnati ke yi kan mata da yara masu haɗarin tashin hankali yana da wuyar tantancewa. Adadin laifukan da ake yiwa mata ya karu daga 2013 zuwa 2018. An nuna matakan da aka ɗauka dangane da lalata imani na gargajiya da “ilimin jima’i”: “dole ne makarantar ta yi adawa da tsarin jinsi na gargajiya”; "An haɗa ilimin jima'i a cikin kwasa -kwasa da dama da shirye -shiryen batutuwan makarantun tilas da na sakandare, har ma da ilimin manya"; "Dangane da tsarin manhaja na kasa na tilas da na sakandare, malami kuma yana da wani nauyi na musamman don tabbatar da cewa ɗalibai sun sami ilimi game da jima'i da alakar zumunci" [12]. Farfesa G.S. Kocharian a cikin rahotonsa na Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Tarayyar Rasha ya bayyana makasudin irin waɗannan darussan na "ilimin jima'i" - tilasta liwadi "[13].
A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Majalisar Tarayya ta buga don tattaunawa kan jama'a daftarin dokar "Kan Rigakafin Rikicin cikin gida a cikin Tarayyar Rasha." Kwamitin Patriarchal kan Iyali, Uwa da Kariyar Yara ya lura: “Dangane da wannan yanayin, ba abin mamaki bane cewa ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da akidojin ƙiyayya na iyali masu tsattsauran ra'ayi (akidar LGBT, mata), da mahimmin lamba na ƙungiyoyi, a hukumance suna samun tallafin ƙasashen waje. Wasu kafofin watsa labarai da tsarin kasa da kasa su ma suna ba shi goyon baya, ba sa boye yanayin kin ayyukan Rasha ”[14].
Bangaren siyasar ƙasa da tsinkaya
Matakan da aka ɗauka a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa sun kawo canje -canje na zamantakewa, ɗabi'a da alƙaluma. Idan muka yi la’akari da ƙoƙarin rage yawan haihuwar abokin hamayyar siyasa a matsayin aikin soji, ya zama a bayyane cewa an ayyana yaki a kan mu tuntuni.
A cikin 2011, ta umurnin Barack Obama, kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru na jima'i ya zama fifikon manufofin ketare na Amurka [15]. Shekaru goma bayan haka, a cikin 2021, Shugaba Joe Biden ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka "don karewa da haɓaka haƙƙin jama'ar LGBT a duk duniya" [16]. Daga baya, Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus ta karɓi manufar haɗawa da "'Yan Madigo, Luwadi,' Yan Luwadi, Mazan Jini da Intersex" ("LGBTI") a cikin manufofin ƙasashen waje.
Shahararriyar mujallar "Lancet" ta buga aikin ƙungiyar masana daga Jami'ar Washington, inda aka yi la'akari da yanayin haihuwa, mace-mace, ƙaura da yawan ƙasashe 195 daga 2017 zuwa 2100. Bill ne ya ba da kuɗin aikin kuma Gidauniyar Melinda Gates. An gano ilimin mata da samun hanyoyin hana haihuwa a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar haihuwa a cikin wannan hasashen. A shekara ta 2100, an yi hasashen ƙasashe 23 za su rage yawan jama'arsu sama da kashi 50%. A China kashi 48%. Zuwa shekarar 2098, Amurka za ta sake zama kasa mafi karfin tattalin arziki. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙasashe masu ƙarancin haihuwa na ƙasa za su riƙe yawan shekarun masu aiki ta ƙaura, kuma kawai za su rayu da kyau. Ƙimar haihuwa a ƙasa da matakan sauyawa a ƙasashe da yawa, gami da China da Indiya, za su sami tasirin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, muhalli da yanayin ƙasa. Tsarin tsufa na yawan jama'a da karuwar adadin masu fansho zai haifar da rushewar tsarin fensho, inshorar lafiya da tsaro na zamantakewa, zuwa raguwar ci gaban tattalin arziki da saka hannun jari [17].
Ga duk girman wannan aikin, akwai tsallake bayyane a ciki: marubutan ba su yi la’akari da haɓakar haɓaka a cikin adadin “LGBT” da “rashin yara” a cikin samari, waɗanda suka girma akan “ilimin jima’i” da farfagandar rashin haihuwa. Yawan mutanen LGBT yana da alaƙa da haɗarin kashe kansa da kuma kamuwa da cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs), wanda galibi ke haifar da rashin haihuwa.
Saboda farfagandar da ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara, yawan "LGBT" da yawaitar ayyukan jima'i da ba na al'ada ba suna ƙaruwa. Bayanin cewa yawan mutanen "LGBT" a cikin al'umma ba su canzawa kuma "sun daina ɓoye yanayin su" ba za su iya yiwuwa ba. Ci gaban lambobi na "LGBT" ba za a iya bayyana shi ba ta hanyar buɗe masu amsawa a cikin zaɓen: ya zo daidai da ƙaruwa a cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da STIs a cikin wannan yawan [18]. Dangane da sabon rahoto daga Cibiyar Gallup ta Ra'ayin Jama'a, 5,6% na manya a Amurka suna bayyana kansu a matsayin "LGBT" [19]. Kuma kodayake wannan raunin yana da mahimmanci, dangane da shekaru yana samun ƙimomin barazana. Idan a cikin ƙarni na "masu gargajiya" waɗanda aka haifa kafin 1946 kawai 1,3% suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin "LGBT", to a cikin ƙarni na Z (waɗanda aka haifa bayan 1999) akwai riga 15,9% daga cikinsu - kusan kowane na shida! Menene zai faru ga ƙaramin ƙarni, wanda ya shiga cikin maɗauran farfagandar "LGBT", lokacin da ya kai shekarun haihuwa?
Babban abin damuwa shine gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan Generation Z, waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin "LGBT" (72%), sun bayyana cewa su "bisexual" [19]. "'Yan luwadi" sun fi kamuwa da matsalolin lafiyar jiki da ta hankali, har ma idan aka kwatanta su da' yan luwadi da madigo [21]. Suna canja wurin cututtuka daga ƙungiyar masu haɗarin ('yan luwadi) zuwa yawan jama'a, suna ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar STIs, gami da waɗanda ba su da magani kuma suna haifar da rashin haihuwa [22]. A lokaci guda kuma, an yi hasashen karuwar kamuwa da cututtuka da halayyar haɗari tsakanin "bisexuals" [23].
Wani sabon ƙarni yana girma a gaban idanunmu, mai saurin kashe kansa da cututtuka; transsexualism (gurguntar da sake fasalin jinsi) da ƙaƙƙarfan motsi na masu fafutukar kare muhalli. Ana iya ɗauka cewa matsalolin alƙaluma da aka annabta za su zo da wuri, suna kama al'ummomin duniya da mamaki.
Ma'anar alamar alƙaluma ita ce jimlar yawan haihuwa (TFR) - nawa ne, a matsakaita, mace ɗaya ke haihuwa a lokacin haihuwa. Don kiyaye yawan jama'a a matakin sauyawa mai sauƙi, ana buƙatar TFR = 2,1. A cikin Rasha, kamar a yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa, wannan alamar tana ƙasa da matakin haifuwa kuma ƙarin abubuwan da ke shafar ƙin ko rashin yiwuwar haihuwar yara da mata ke kawo ranar ɓacewar mutane daga yanayin tarihi kusa. An riga an nuna cewa a cikin Generation Z daya daga cikin Amurkawa shida na daukar kansu a matsayin LGBT, amma idan muka yi la’akari da jinsi, zai zama a bayyane cewa mata sun fi saurin kamuwa da raunin tunani. Daga cikin 'yan mata matasa a Amurka a cikin 2017, 19,6% ba su ɗauki kansu a matsayin maza da mata ba [19]. Yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke faruwa, aƙalla ɗaya cikin mata biyar da ke shiga shekarun haihuwa ba sa ɗaukar kansu a matsayin 'yan luwadi!
Zai ɗauki kalmomi da yawa don bayyana lalacewar ɗabi'a na al'ummar Yammacin Turai, amma lambobin a taƙaice suna magana da kansu. Yawan kamuwa da cutar kanjamau kamar chlamydia, gonorrhea da syphilis ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a Amurka da Turai.
A cikin Jamus, tsakanin 2010 da 2017, yawan kamuwa da ciwon sikila ya karu da kashi 83% - zuwa shari'o'i 9,1 a cikin mazauna 100 [000].
Daga cikin 'yan luwadi a Ingila, tsakanin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, adadin masu kamuwa da cutar chlamydia ya karu sosai - da kashi 83%; gonorrhea - da 51%; syphilis - da 40%. Haka kuma cutar kanjamau tana ƙaruwa a cikin yawan jama'a. A cikin 2019, akwai 10% ƙarin syphilis da 26% ƙarin gonorrhea fiye da na 2018 [25]
Har ila yau, Netherlands ta ga ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin cututtukan STIs [26].
Finland tana da mafi girman adadin shekara -shekara da aka taɓa yin rijista a cikin Rajistar Cututtuka na Ƙasa. Yaduwar cututtuka yana faruwa musamman tsakanin matasa: kusan kashi 80% na waɗanda aka gano suna tsakanin shekarun 15-29. Yawan cutar gonorrhea da ciwon sikila ma ya karu [27].
A cikin Amurka, ƙimar STI ta ƙaru a shekara ta shida a jere kuma sun kai matsayi mafi girma [28].
Sauya yawan indan asalin ƙasar ba a lura da shi ba. Janar -janar mai ritaya, a cikin wata wasika da Valeurs actuelles ya buga, ya gargadi Shugaba Emmanuel Macron cewa Faransa na fuskantar "hatsarin mutuwa" da ke da nasaba da ƙaura da rushewar ƙasar. [29]
Magance matsalar alƙaluma a kan kuɗin wasu ƙasashe yana haifar da faɗa tsakanin ƙasa tsakanin ƙasashe waɗanda ke haɓaka ta bakin haure da waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin kiyaye yawan 'yan asalin su.
Al'ummomin Turai da Amurka suna zuwa fahimtar sauyin da ake ci gaba da yi ta hanyar shigar da bakin haure cikin al'umma kuma sun fara tallafawa 'yan siyasa waɗanda a shirye suke su yi adawa da lalata mutanen su a cikin wannan narkar da tukunya. A daya bangaren kuma, Rasha ta nuna goyon baya ga yawan haihuwar kuma ta fara kare martabar al'adunta, a bayyane ta furta cewa ba ta yarda a rage yawanta ba, tare da kin daukar matakan rage yawan jama'a da masu kidayar jama'a suka ba da shawarar.
Haihuwa a China ta ragu zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci tun bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. Bankin Jama'ar China ya ba da shawarar cewa Beijing ta yi watsi da manufar takaita yawan haihuwa don kada ta rasa fa'idar tattalin arzikinta a kan Amurka da sauran kasashen Yammacin Turai [30]. Dangane da haka, an rufe ƙungiyoyin mata da ke kira da a guji hulɗa da maza a cibiyoyin sadarwar Sin. [31]
Babban jami'in leken asirin kasashen waje na Burtaniya MI6 Richard Moore ya fada a cikin wata hira da jaridar The Sunday Times cewa gwamnatin Rasha tana cikin matsin lamba saboda Rasha a matsayin kasa tana rauni: yawan jama'a... "[32].
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu, tare da maganganun shugabannin siyasa, dole ne a kalli su ta fuskar yanayin alƙaluma da yanayin ƙasa wanda aka bayyana, wanda adadin adadi na mazauna wata ƙasa da tsarin shekarunsu zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye jama'a da tattalin arziƙi. kwanciyar hankali. Irin wannan ma'aunin yakamata a yi amfani da shi ga mutanen siyasa a Rasha, gami da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Kamar yadda muke iya gani, ayyukansu akan mahimman matakan rage yawan haihuwa ("ilimin jima'i", aiwatar da Babban Taron Istanbul (RLS), tallafi ga "LGBT" da mata) sun yi daidai.
Matsayin Tarayyar Rasha
Duk da cewa wasu hukumomin jihohi, kamar Rospotrebnadzor, sun bayyana [33] buƙatar “ilimin jima’i”, Rasha ta fara yin watsi da hanyoyin rage yawan mutane, ta shigar da ra’ayoyin gargajiya cikin dokoki da Tsarin Mulki. A cikin kuri'ar raba gardama, 'yan Rasha sun tabbatar da gaskiyar gaskiya cewa aure haɗin kai ne na mace da namiji. Akwai 'yan siyasa da suka fito fili sun bayyana bukatar yin watsi da ra'ayoyin kasashen yamma da hadin gwiwa da WHO. Taimako ga dangi, uwa, dabi'un gargajiya na ƙara yin ƙarfi a cikin jawaban siyasa. 'Yan siyasa sun fahimci cewa Rasha ƙasa ce da ta ƙunshi ƙasashe da yawa, kuma gabatar da "ilimin jima'i" da dokokin ƙin iyali a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan dalilin "yaƙi da tashin hankalin cikin gida" na iya ba da gudummawa ga rashin amincewar hukumomin tarayya.
Kasancewa cikin yarjeniyoyin kasa da kasa da masu fafutukar “LGBT” ke amfani da su don ba da shawara ga ayyukansu bai dace da muradun dabarun Rasha ba. Kuri'ar raba gardama ta canza yadda ake aiwatar da su kuma ta sa ya yiwu a guje wa bukatun mahaukata. Misali, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna wariya a kan mata (CEDAW) na bukatar Tarayyar Rasha ta lalata dabarun gargajiya game da rawar da maza da mata ke takawa, ciki har da tsakanin shugabannin addinai, don gabatar da "ilimin jima'i", don kawar da rigakafin zubar da ciki. da halatta karuwanci [34].
A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, akwai dokokin da ke kare yara daga haɓaka liwadi (Mataki na ashirin da 6.21 na Dokar Laifukan Gudanarwa na Tarayyar Rasha) da kuma bayanai masu haɗari masu cutar da lafiyarsu da ci gabansu (436-FZ). An yi nufin waɗannan labaran don kare yara daga "ilimin jima'i", shawarwarin masana halayyar ɗan adam da masu ilimin jima'i waɗanda ke amfani da ingantacciyar hanyar yin luwadi, da kuma daga haɓaka alaƙar jima'i "ba ta al'ada" akan Intanet.
Duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da waɗanda ke wakilan ƙasashen waje, suna buƙatar a soke dokokin da ke kare yara, waɗannan dokokin ba su da tasiri. Roskomnadzor ba shi da ikon gano kayan da suka saba doka. Domin samun cancantar bayanai masu haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙwarewar biya, kuma galibi ana watsi da aikace -aikacen iyaye don toshewa. Ƙungiyoyi da shafuka da aka katange nan da nan suka ci gaba da aikinsu ta amfani da sabuwar hanyar haɗi.
Al'ummar Rasha ta fusata da ci gaba da yada farfagandar adawa da dangi da akidar "LGBT", ayyukan masu lalata shafukan yanar gizo, masu fasaha, da kafofin watsa labarai. Akwai hada kai na motsi na al'ada da na iyali.
A wurare daban -daban da tebura masu zagaye, 'yan siyasa da alƙaluman jama'a suna neman hana hana farfaganda ba kawai ɗan luwaɗi ba, har ma da fasikanci, zubar da ciki, rashin haihuwa da sauran halayen da ke rage ƙarfin haihuwa na al'umma.
Tun da haɓaka alaƙar da ba ta dace ba da sake fasalin jinsi ba za ta iya farawa ba tare da amincewar kimiyya da likitanci na waɗannan abubuwan ba kamar yadda aka saba, wasu ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na yankin Rasha sun goyi bayan roƙon ƙungiyar Kimiyya don Gaskiya ga masana kimiyya, adadi na jama'a da 'yan siyasa [35]. Rokon, wanda dubun dubatan 'yan Rasha suka rattabawa hannu, ya ba da shawarar matakan matakai da nufin kare yara daga bayanai masu cutarwa da watsi da ra'ayoyin Yammacin Turai game da daidaiton ɗan adam.
Babu wanda ke shakkun cewa matakai na gaba na 'yan majalisar dokokin Rasha za su kasance tare da wallafe -wallafen da ba a gamsu da su na masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na Yammacin Turai da Rasha.
Ƙimar al'ada azaman kayan aikin manufofin ƙasashen waje
Daraktan kimiyya na dandalin Jamus da Rasha Alexander Rahr, yayin da yake magana kan shirin ''Hakkin Sani'' a tashar TVC, ya isar da kalaman wani babban dan siyasar Turai wanda ya amsa tambaya kan musabbabin rikici tsakanin kasashen Yamma. da Rasha: "Yamma suna yaki da Putin saboda yana yaki da 'yan luwadi." Tabbas, Rasha ba ta yaki da 'yan luwadi ba, tana iyakance farfagandar dangantakar da ba ta al'ada ba ga yara.
'Yan siyasar Yammacin duniya suna sane da yadda Rasha ta ƙi aiwatar da hanyoyin rage yawan haihuwar da masu kidayar jama'a suka gabatar, waɗanda ake amfani da su a ƙasashensu. A cikin mahallin hanyoyin dogon lokaci na raguwar yawan jama'a, abubuwan ƙaura da rikice-rikicen alƙaluma, hukumomin Turai na yanzu, ƙarƙashin tasirin Amurka, ba za su iya yin watsi da adawa da Rasha ba. Bayan haka, muna goyan bayan yawan haihuwa a ƙasarmu, muna hana gabatarwa da watsa hanyoyin da ke rage yawan haihuwa, sanya kanmu cikin yanayin alfanu mafi fa'ida. Mutum zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin lalata yanayin, canza gwamnati da ci gaba da cin zarafin yara da lalata al'adun da suka fara a shekarun nineties.
Sergei Naryshkin, Daraktan Hukumar Leken Asirin Kasashen Waje (SVR), ya fadi hakan a wani taron kasa da kasa kan batutuwan tsaro: “Don hanzarta rushewar manufar jinsi, dangi da kimar aure, ana aiwatar da shirye -shirye don inganta hakkokin al'ummar LGBT, suna yada ra'ayoyin mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ... a zahiri, abin nufi shine sanya mutanen da ke ware, suna fama da cututtukan neurotic, daidaikun mutanen da ke canza yanayin hankali akai -akai. A bayyane yake cewa irin waɗannan mutane abubuwa ne masu dacewa don magudi, musamman idan suna riƙe da iPhone da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ”[36].
Amsar ƙalubalen da ke tattare da dunkulewar duniya shine aiwatar da maudu'in ƙimar al'adun gargajiya a rayuwar jama'a ta Yammacin Turai. Ba kawai sojojin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba, har ma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun haɗa da kariya ta iyali a cikin maganganunsu, kuma rikicin ƙaura yana haifar da irin waɗannan canje -canje [37].
Duk da raguwar mahimmancin imani da riko da addini tsakanin Turawa, har yanzu wani muhimmin sashi na su yana bayyana kansu a matsayin Kiristoci. Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar Binciken Pew ta yi, 64% na Faransawa, 71% na Jamusawa, 75% na Switzerland, da 80% na Austriya sun amsa cewa suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Kiristoci. [38] Ƙungiyoyin Kirista, ban da Furotesta, ba sa goyon bayan ƙimomin da ba na gargajiya ba (auren jinsi guda, amincewar zubar da ciki). Katolika, sabanin Furotesta a Jamus, sun rarrabu, amma gabaɗaya masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne. Duk da haka, duk majami'u suna adawa da kansu ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda ke gabatar da maganganun ƙiyayya, wariyar launin fata da maganganun ƙiyayya, waɗanda manufofin ƙaura ke motsawa [37]. Bugu da kari, yakamata mutum yayi la’akari da karuwar al -ummar musulunci ta Turai, wanda ko kadan baya jurewa yada farfaganda.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai sun kasance suna tunanin daidaita ainihin sa, kuma batun ƙaura yana haifar da waɗannan hanyoyin. Yankin Gabashin Turai ya samar da asalinsa ta hanyar ware kansa daga bakin haure tare da al'adun baƙi har ma daga jama'ar Yammacin Turai [39].
A Hungary, an fara aiki da doka da ta hana gabatar da alakar jima'i da mutanen da ba sa yin jima'i tsakanin yara. [40] Kasar Hungary tana matukar adawa da amincewa da Yarjejeniyar Istanbul. Dangane da suka, Viktor Orban ya kira matsayin Turawan mulkin mallaka [40].
Kotun Bulgaria ta bayyana cewa Yarjejeniyar Istanbul ba ta dace da Tsarin Mulkin Bulgaria ba. Bayanin da kotun Bulgaria ta fitar ya nuna babu shakka cewa "LGBT" da Yarjejeniyar Istanbul suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi. [41]
Poland ta janye daga wannan yarjejeniya. Ministan shari'ar Poland ya ce Yarjejeniyar Istanbul na da illa, domin tana bukatar makarantu su koyar da yara game da lamuran jinsi. [42] Yana da kyau a lura cewa Doka mai mulki da Jam'iyyar Adalci tana da alaƙa da Cocin Katolika kuma tana da niyyar haɓaka ƙimar iyali na gargajiya. An ayyana kashi daya cikin uku na Poland a matsayin yankin da babu 'yan LGBT, wanda birane shida za su rasa tallafin kudi daga Tarayyar Turai.
Wannan ya sake tabbatar da wahayi da Alexander Rahr ya furta kuma yana nuna halayen Tarayyar Turai ga ƙasashen da ke ƙoƙarin kiyaye al'adunsu, ikonsu da asalinsu, a shirye don tasirin kuɗi da siyasa dangane da su. Ƙimar al'ada kayan aiki ne na manufofin ƙasashen waje, amma mai fuska biyu.
Bude amfani da hanyoyin yin yaƙin alƙaluma da nufin rage ƙimar haihuwar abokin hamayyar siyasa, gami da haɗa "ƙimomin da ba a saba da su ba" a cikin manufofin ketare na Amurka da wasu ƙasashe, suna buƙatar hamayya da gangan.
A bayyane yake cewa a cikin duniyar zamani mai yawa, mutanen da suka rasa ikon mulkinsu, amma suna sane da munanan gwaje -gwajen zamantakewa da ake yi a kansu, za su nemi wani matsayi na goyon bayan ɗabi'a da abin koyi. Ana ƙirƙiro taga dama wanda mutum zai iya sarrafawa don ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙirar tsari na zamantakewa bisa ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a, kuma, a bayyane yake, China ta riga ta fara yin irin wannan ƙirar, tana riƙe da al'adu.
Matakan samuwar hoton makomar Rasha
Domin Rasha ta zama abin koyi ga sauran ƙasashe, ya zama tilas a ɗauki matakai da yawa game da tsarin manufofin waje da na ciki. Akwai tushen tunani na waɗannan matakan, kuma yana cikin Tsarin Mulki: Allah, iyali, yara da al'adu. Waɗannan ba kawai ra'ayoyi bane, amma tushe ne na kiyaye al'umma. Dole ne Rasha ta watsa su a kai a kai kuma a aikace ta aiwatar da su a cikin kasar.
Kasa da kasa muna buƙatar bincika yarjejeniyoyi da takardu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da WHO, waɗanda aiwatar da su ke da nufin rage yawan jama'a da rage yawan haihuwa. Yi bitar halarta da kuma yin tir da labaran da ba su dace da Tsarin Mulkin Rasha da Tsarin Tsaron Kasa na Tarayyar Rasha ba.
Ƙaddamar da yarjejeniyoyi da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda ke ware "maganin matsalolin alƙaluma" ta hanyoyin lalata iyali da ɗabi'a, kare rayuwar ɗan adam daga lokacin da aka ɗauki ciki, tabbatar da ilimi mai ɗorewa da ci gaban ɗan adam bisa ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a. Misali, Yarjejeniyar Kare Iyali a matakin Tarayyar Rasha-Belarus tare da yuwuwar wasu jihohi su shiga. Ƙirƙiri dandamali don tattauna hanyoyin aiwatar da waɗannan yarjejeniyoyi da haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya.
Janye daga ikon Kotun Turai na 'Yancin Dan Adam (ECHR). Kamar yadda shugaban kasar Rasha V.V. Putin, don "aiwatar da" ra'ayin ƙirƙirar kwatankwacin Rasha na wannan kotun [43].
Don gane ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da na Rasha waɗanda ke aiki da farfagandar ƙin alƙaluma a matsayin abin da ba a so. Samar da hanyoyin ganowa da iyakance aikin irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.
A matakin jiha ya zama dole a samar da matsakaicin tallafi ga iyalai da yara, har zuwa cikakken maganin matsalar gidaje.
Amince da doka kan daidaiton matsayin manyan iyalai da matakan tallafa musu.
Samar da ingantaccen magani kyauta ga yaran da ke fama da matsanancin cututtuka.
Fadada manhajjoji na makaranta tare da batutuwa don nazarin al'adun al'adu da samar da madaidaicin hali ga dangi.
Amince da doka "A kan Ilimin Halittu da Ilimin Halittu", kafa mahimmancin ƙimar kare rayuwar ɗan adam da lafiya a kowane mataki, daga ɗaukar ciki har zuwa mutuwa.
Ƙirƙiri "Cibiyar Iyali" - cibiyar kimiyya tsakanin bangarori daban -daban a cikin Cibiyar Kimiyya don ƙirƙirar tushe waɗanda ke tallafawa ƙimar iyali da lafiya, wanda zai haɓaka hanyoyin tarbiyya, ilimi da haɓaka halayen jituwa.
Ba wa masana kimiyyar Rasha damar buga ayyukan kimiyya a cikin wallafe-wallafen abokan aiki ba tare da tsoron aiki da albashi ba. Bangaren kari na albashin masana kimiyya ya dogara da irin waɗannan wallafe -wallafen. A karkashin yanayin "daidaiton siyasa" da takunkumi, wallafe -wallafen Yammacin Turai da na Rasha tare da babban tasirin tasiri sun guji buga labaran da suka saba da akidar inganta liwadi, fasikanci da sauran bambance -bambancen halayyar ɗan adam, wanda ke sanya matsin lamba kan gabatarwa kyauta na matsayin kimiyya.
Gabatar da ƙuntatawa mai mahimmanci akan watsa abubuwan da ke lalata ta hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa, kiɗa da ayyukan watsa labarai, da sinima. Ƙirƙiri ingantacciyar hanya don toshe bayanai waɗanda suka saɓa wa Dokar N 436-FZ "A kan Kariyar Yara daga Bayanai masu cutarwa ga Lafiyarsu da Ci gabansu." Don tilasta Roskomnadzor don sarrafa kawar da bayanai ta atomatik ga yara a cikin yanayin gwaji.
Don tsaurara hukunci kan keta doka "A kan kare yara daga bayanan da ke cutar da lafiyarsu da ci gabansu." Gane shiga cikin salon rayuwar ɗan luwaɗi da "sake fasalin jinsi" a matsayin haifar da lahani mai rauni a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 112 na Dokar Laifuka ta Tarayyar Rasha. Don tsaurara azaba don haɓaka liwadi, transsexualism, zubar da ciki, rashin haihuwa da sauran nau'ikan ɗabi'a a cikin yanayin rikicin alƙaluma na yanzu.
Don faɗakar da ƙimar iyali ta hanyar gabatar da odar jiha don ingantaccen abun ciki.
Kare dangi daga tsoma bakin da bai dace ba, sanya tsauraran matakai ga aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Istanbul ko ire -iren dokokin.
Yin la’akari da aiwatar da waɗannan shawarwarin, za a ƙirƙiri ingantaccen tushe na tallafin jihohi ga dangi da ƙimomin dangi na gargajiya, wanda Rasha ke da kowane damar zama jagoran duniya na ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan iyali, tallafi da goyan baya ga wadancan jihohin da ke da niyyar kare ikon mallakarsu da kuma 'yancin su na cin gashin kansu don tantance vector na akida da tushen darajar don ci gaba.
SANARWA
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[24] Buder S. e Kwayoyin cututtuka da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i // Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. - 2019. - T. 17. - A'a. 3. - S. 287-315.
[25] Alƙaluman Lissafi na Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs): teburin bayanai na shekara-shekara-Url: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables (ranar shiga: 18.05.2021 .XNUMX).
[26] Cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i a cikin Netherlands a cikin 2019. - Url: https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html (ya isa 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[27] Cututtukan Cutar a Finland: Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da cututtukan da suka shafi balaguro sun ƙaru a bara. -Url: https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year- ( ranar samun dama: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[28] STDs da aka bayar da rahoton sun isa mafi girman lokaci don shekara ta 6 a jere. -Url: https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2021/2019-STD-surveillance-report.html (kwanan wata an shiga: 13.07.2021).
[29] Janar -Janar na Faransa ya gargadi Macron game da hadarin durkushewar kasar. - Url: https://ria.ru/20210427/razval-1730169223.html (ranar samun damar: 13.07.2021).
[30] Babban Bankin China ya yi kira da a yi watsi da tsarin haihuwa saboda hadarin fadawa bayan Amurka. -Url: https://www.forbes.ru/newsroom/obshchestvo/426589-centrobank-kitaya-prizval-otkazatsya-ot-kontrolya-rozhdaemosti-iz-za (kwanan wata ta isa: 13.07.2021).
[31] Rufe ƙungiyoyin mata a yanar gizo a China ya haifar da kira ga mata su 'tsaya tare'. -Url: https://www.reuters.com/world/china/closure-online-feminist-groups-china-sparks-call-women-stick-together-2021-04-14/ (an sami damar shiga: 13.07.2021 ).
[32] MI6's 'C': Mun gargadi Putin abin da zai faru idan ya mamaye Ukraine. -Url: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mi6s-c-we-warned-putin-what-would-happen-if-he-invaded-ukraine-wkc0m96qn (kwanan wata isa: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/ XNUMX) ...
[33] Rospotrebnadzor ya bayyana mahimmancin ilimin jima'i a makarantu. - Url: https://lenta.ru/news/2020/12/04/sekposvett/ (ranar samun damar: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[34] Ƙarshen lura a kan rahoton lokaci na takwas na Tarayyar Rasha. - Url: http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL
22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (дата обращения: 18.05.2021).
[35] Roko: Kare ikon mallakar kimiyya da tsaron alƙaluma na Rasha. - Url: https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/ (kwanan wata ya isa: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[36] Jawabin Darektan Hukumar Leken Asirin Kasashen Waje na Tarayyar Rasha SE Naryshkin. - Url: https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/international_safety/regprla/-/asset_publisher/YCxLFJnKuD1W/content/id/3704728 (kwanan wata ya isa: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[37] Burmistrova E.S. Tsohuwar Duniya - Sabbin Dabi'u: Ra'ayin Ƙimar Al'adu a cikin Maganganun Siyasa da Addini na Yammacin Turai (akan Misalin Faransa da Jamus / ESBurmistrova // Darajojin Gargajiya. - 2020. - A'a 3. - P. 297-302.
[38] Masu rinjaye a duk faɗin Yammacin Turai suna gane su Kiristoci ne. -Url: https://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/pf_05-29-18
_religion-west-europe-00-01/(ranar shiga: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[39] Timofeeva O.V. Tattara Ƙasa, Kare Ƙasar: Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai don Neman Ƙasa ta Ƙasa / OV Timofeeva // Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai - 2020. - № 3. - shafi na 288-296.
[40] Wata doka da ta hana farfagandar LGBT tsakanin ƙananan yara ta fara aiki a Hungary. -Url: https://rg.ru/2021/07/08/vengriia-priniala-zakon-o-zaprete-propagandy-lgbt-sredi-nesovershennoletnih.html (kwanan wata ta isa: 13.07.2021).
[41] Yanke shawara mai lamba 13.-Url: http://www.constcourt.bg/bg/Acts/GetHtmlContent/f278a156-9d25-412d-a064-6ffd6f997310 (kwanan wata ya isa: 18.05.2021).
[42] Yarjejeniyar Istanbul: Poland ta bar yarjejeniyar Turai kan cin zarafin mata. -Url: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53538205 (kwanan wata ya isa: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
[43] Putin ya goyi bayan ra'ayin ƙirƙirar kwatankwacin Rasha na ECHR. - Url: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/740745 (kwanan wata ya isa: 18.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX).
Yumasheva Inga Albertovna,
Mataimakin Duma na Jiha na Majalisar Tarayya na Tarayyar Rasha, memba na Kwamitin Iyali, Mata da Yara (Moscow), memba na Majalisar Rasha kan Harkokin Duniya (RIAC) da Majalisar kan Harkokin Kasashen Waje da Tsaro (SVOP) , memba na kwamitin IPO "Ƙungiyar Matan Orthodox".