Wadahadalka Irving Bieber iyo Robert Spitzer

15 Diseembar 1973 Gudiga Ammaanada ee Ururka Caafimaadka Maskaxda ee Mareykanka, isaga oo u hogaansamaya cadaadiska joogtada ah ee kooxaha khaniisiinta xagjirka ah, wuxuu oggolaaday isbeddelada tilmaamaha rasmiga ah ee xanuunada dhimirka. "Khaniisnimada sidan oo kale ah," ayay wakiiladu u codeeyeen, waa inaan loo arkin "jahwareer maskaxeed"; taa bedelkeeda, waa in lagu qeexaa "xadgudub ku hagitaanka galmada". 

Robert Spitzer, MD, kaaliyaha borofisarka cilmu-nafsiga ee jaamacadda Columbia iyo xubin ka tirsan guddiga magac-bixinta APA, iyo Irving Bieber, MD, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay cilmu-nafsiga ee Kulliyadda Caafimaadka ee New York iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga daraasadda ee khaniisnimada ragga, ayaa ka wada hadlay go'aanka APA. Waxa soo socdaa waa qayb ka mid ah dooddoodii oo la soo koobay.

Ujeedada aragtida hada lagu aqbalo wadamada warshadaha ah taas oo khaniisnimadu aysan ku salaysnayn qiimaynta caafimaadku waa mid shuruud ku xidhan isla markaana aan lahayn aaminaad xagga sayniska ah, maadaama ay muujineyso oo keliya is waafajin siyaasadeed oo aan cadaalad ahayn, oo aan cilmi ahaan lagu soo gabagabayn.