Mafi yawan kayan da ke ƙasa ana buga su a cikin rahoton bincike. "Lafazin lafazin 'yan luwadi a madadin bayanan kimiyya”. doi:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

Ofaya daga cikin taken taken "LGBT" shine tabbatar da cewa yawancin mutane masu sha'awar luwadi kusan 10% ne - wato, kowane goma. A zahiri, bisa ga manyan binciken zamani da aka gudanar a Amurka da ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai (ma'ana, a cikin ƙasashe inda luwadi ke da cikakken goyon baya da kariya daga kayan gwamnati), yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin 'yan luwadi sun bambanta daga <1% zuwa aƙalla 3 %.

A ina bayanin yake game da "10%", wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar "LGBTKIAP +", motsi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, yana nuna kasuwanci da al'adu, daga?

A tsakiyar wannan tatsuniyar akwai bayanan masanin kimiyyar nan na Amurka Alfred Kinsey, gurbata da cire shi daga mahallin, wanda a cikin 1941, a karkashin tallafin Gidauniyar Rockefeller, ta fara tattara bayanai game da rayuwar jima'i ta Amurkan. A cikin 1948, Kinsey ya buga wani rahoto mai taken "Rayuwar Jima'i ta Namiji" (Kinsey xnumx), wanda aka gabatar da maganganun “abin mamakin hankali” wadanda suka aza harsashin abin da ake kira "juyin juya halin jima'i" a Amurka:

• Kinsey ya yi nuni da cewa zina da karkacewar jima'i sun fi yaduwa a tsakanin 'yan Amurkawa kamar yadda su kansu suke tsammani.Reisman xnumx, p. 2);
• Kinsey ya gabatar da wani yanayi na musamman game da sha'awar yin jima'i daga nau'in wasan kwaikwayon na 7: daga kai tsaye zuwa na maza da mata, zuwa kai tsaye ga jinsi na shi (Kinsey xnumx, p. 639, 651, 656). A cikin wannan sikelin, matsakaicin ƙimar da aka nuna yana haifar da sha'awar mai jinsi, don haka yanayin da aka ɗauka azaman karkacewa an daidaita su da ilimin lissafi (Kinsey xnumx, p. 639, 651, 656);
• Kinsey ya nuna cewa yin jima'i tsakanin yara maza da maza ba shi da lahani kamar yadda aka yi tsammani (Marotta xnumx, p. 36);
• a cikin samfurin Kinsey 8,% na masu amsa tambayoyin maza sun ba da rahoton yin jima'i da dabbobi (Kinsey xnumx, p. 667);
  a ƙarshe, a cikin samfurin Kinsey, game da 10% na maza da aka bincika sun ce sun yi "fiye da ƙasa da keɓaɓɓen jima'i na jima'i aƙalla shekaru uku tsakanin shekarun 16 da 55," kuma 4% na maza sun yi wannan a duk rayuwarsu (Kinsey xnumx, p. 65)

Nazarin Kinsey ya wadatar kuma sakamakonsa na gaske ne? Kwararrun masana sunyi la'akari da ayyukan Alfred Kinsey daga fuskoki guda biyu: daga hanyoyin aiki da dabi'u.

Kinacciyar Hanyar Kinsey

Tun da mutane na yau da kullun na 40 ba sa son yin magana game da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarsu ta kusa, Kinsey dole ne ya nemi masu sa kai a tsakanin watsa shirye-shiryen - a cikin gidajen kurkuku, ɗakuna, dillalai, da sauransu. Don haka, 25% na mutanen da ke cikin samfurin Kinsey ko dai fursunoni ne a cikin halin da ake ciki yanzu ko kuma waɗanda suka yi aiki a gidan kurkuku a baya, kuma 5% na samfurin su ne karuwai maza (Kinsey xnumx, p. 216). Bugu da kari, akwai daruruwan sandunan gay daga sandar gay, pimps, barayi, 'yan fashi, har ma da 9 pedophiles a cikin samfurin. Labaransu ne da aka gabatar a matsayin al'ada ta maza da ta haɗu da matsakaiciyar Amurkawa, a kan abin da aka kirkiro "don haƙƙin" 'yan luwadi.

A cikin 1954, wani kwamiti na Statungiyar Kididdiga ta Amurka, wanda ya haɗa da masana kimiyya a duniya: mai ilimin lissafi John Tukey da ƙididdigar lissafi William Cochran, sun kammala:

"Mun yi la’akari da babban zargi kan rahoton na Kinsey mafi yawan maganganun tsofaffin maganganu wadanda marubutan suka yi kada ku dogara da bayanan da aka gabatar a rahoton... Ba a bayyana shi a kan wace hujja ce irin wannan ikirarin suke ba ... Kammalawar da aka gabatar daga bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin rahoton an yi su ne ta hanyar marubutan ta hanyoyin da suka fi karfin kansu ...Cochran xnumx, p. 152).

Karshe na Kinsey ya samo asali ne daga sakamakon binciken wasu gungun mutane da aka sansu da suka san junan su, yayin da yakamata a yi bincike mai zurfi a cikin rukunin mutane (i, bazuwar da aka zaɓa). Musamman, Tukey ya lura: «rukunin mutane uku da ka zaɓi waɗanda za su wakilci fiye da mutane ɗari uku na Mr. Kinsey» (New York Times 2000, p. A19).

Masanin ilimin halayyar dan Adam Abraham Maslow, mahaliccin sanannen mashahurin "Maslow's dala dala," ya kara da cewa Kinsey baiyi la’akari da bias din da yake hade da cewa an tattara bayanan ne kawai kan masu sa kai ba wadanda suke son shiga cikin binciken, don haka samfurin Kinsey gaba daya baya cikin gabatarwa (Maslow xnumx, p. 259).

Ga abin da likitan tabin hankali Edmund Bergler da likitan mata William Kroger suka rubuta game da wannan sha'awar shiga cikin binciken Kinsey a cikin aikinsu na "Labarin Kinsey na lalata da mata: hujjojin likita":

"... Mahimmancin rayuwar mutumin al'ada wani al'amari ne mai zurfi na mutum, don haka ana tunanin Kinsey cewa masu ba da taimakon sa suna faɗin gaskiya ne. Mutanen da a cikin duk sauran maganganun suna fada da gaskiya sukan ji kunya daga gaskiya idan ta batun jima'i. Mace ta gari a waccan lokacin da al'adar, tana amsa tambayoyi game da rayuwar jima'i, za ta ce "Kada ku toshe hancin ku daga kasuwancinku." Yawanci, rayuwar jima'i na mace ya samo asali ne daga sha'awar aure, ƙauna, da uwa, amma ba a bayyanar da ayyuka masu kama da wannan ba a rahoton Kinsey.

Budewar masu sa kai a cikin binciken Kinsey na iya kasancewa bisa ga sha'awar ɓoyayyen su dangane da neuroses na jima'i. Rashin ilimi game da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙarfi yasa Kinsey ɓace; bai fahimci cewa masu ba da agajin sa suna shirye su yi magana ba, saboda suna masu ƙwayar cuta. Sun yi marhabin da damar da za su iya tabbatar da gaskiyar iƙirarin da aka yi na lalacewa ta hanyar ...Bergler 1954).

Bergler ya kira Kinsey sifar da tunanin sa, da kuma rahotannin sa «tatsunoni na lissafi dangane da wariya da aka riga aka bayyana» (Bergler 1956, p. 62).

A cikin shekara ta 2004, ƙungiyar ƙaddamarwa da ake kira American Exchange Law Council, wanda ya haɗa da lauyoyi, wakilai na majalisun jihohi da Majalisa, sanatoci (game da ƙwararrun 2400 gabaɗaya), bayan nazarin shekaru biyar, sun buga ƙarasa cewa "aikin Kinsey ya dogara ne akan ƙididdigar karya da wasu. ko kuma yanke hukunci bisa la’akari da sakamakon wannan aikin ba su da tushe '.ALEC 2004).

"Za a iya bayyana taƙaitaccen tsarin Kinsey tare da misali mai sauƙi: a ce ku yanke shawarar gano yawan masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin wani birni wanda ke da yawan mutane 10 dubu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin tambayoyi ga dukkanin dubu goma kuma ku ƙididdige yawan adadin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ko kuma neman samfurin da zai zama wakili (wakili), wato, zai iya wakiltar duk mazaunan garin daidai: ta hanyar shekaru, jima'i, sana'a, wurin zama, da dai sauransu. Bari mu faɗi samfurin mutanen 500, maza na 250, mata na 250, duk nau'ikan shekaru daban-daban, daga kowane gundumar ya dogara da yawanta, da dai sauransu, kuna yi daban. Ka yi tunanin asibiti na birni wanda ke da sashen toxicology. Kuna amfani da adadin marasa lafiya a wannan asibiti a matsayin samfuri kuma ku gano marasa lafiyar da ake kula da su a cikin sashen toxicology azaman masu shan kwayoyi. Misali, idan akwai marasa lafiya na 50 a asibiti, wanda 5 suke cikin sashen toxicology, zaku sami bayanan "abin mamaki" akan matakin shan kwayoyi a cikin birni: 10%. Kodayake a zahiri sakamakonku zai zama 0,05% na yawan mazaunan birni, ba gaskiya bane cewa duk marasa lafiyar da ke cikin maye suna shan kwayoyi ne. ”

Menene bincike ya nuna?

Tun daga 1948, sakamakon Kinsey ba a maimaita shi ba a cikin wasu manyan karatun. Ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin zaben da aka gudanar akan tsarin kasa wanda ya kunshi dubun dubatan wadanda suka amsa a kasashen da sha'awar luwadi ta nuna cikakken goyon baya ga jihar bai bayyana ko da kima da kusancin sakamakon Kinsey ba.

Dr. Neil Whitehead ya ba da a cikin aikinsa sake dubawa game da karatun 30 sama da aka yi a cikin kasashen Yammacin Turai kafin shekara ta 2010 (Farar fata 2018, p. 40). Bayanai baya wuce 2.4%

Cikakken bincike na binciken kimiyya na zamani don kimanta yawan mutane da abubuwan da ake son ɗan kishili tare da tattaunawa game da wanda ya kamata a yi la’akari da irin waɗannan mutanen a cikin karatun ana bayar da su ne a cikin aikin Dr.Sprigg 2004, p. 35 - 53).

Bangaren ilimin kabilanci na aikin Kinsey da rayuwarsa

Masu binciken sun kula da cikakkun bayanai na ka'idodin ayyukan Kinsey. Ba wai kawai ya tattara bayanai ba, har ma ya ƙirƙira shi, yin fim ɗin ayyukan jima'i na abokan aiki da abokansa a cikin ɗaki (Reisman xnumx, p. 73). A cewar Kinsey biographer James Jones: "Yayin da kake aiki a aikin Kinsey, dole ne ka kwana da matarsa, shi kuma tare da kai, a kokarin" kimiyya, ba shakka " (Sutherland xnumx) Lokacin da aka gano cewa batutuwa na Kinsey, duk da "kwarewar da suka samu", sun ba da amsa mara kyau ga tambayoyi game da wasu nau'ikan halayen jima'i, an yi amfani da matakan motsa jiki a kansu (aƙarin “ɓoye sirri” da kuma lada don “magana da gaskiya”), da idan wannan bai taimaka ba, to likitan da kansa ya shirya amsoshin, da yin "ƙididdigar lissafi don musun ta" (Jasper xnumx) Kinsey ya kasance mai matukar sha'awar "jima'i na yara": ya yi aiki tare da masu lalata da yara kan yanayin kiyaye asirinsu kuma ya rubuta bayanan kalmomin su kan “orgasms” a cikin yara maza da aka zaɓa (daga 5 watanni zuwa 14 shekaru). An bayyana farjin Kinsey kamar haka: "Mummunar tashin hankali tare da mai tsananin zafi, cramping, nishi, kuka da ƙarfi ko karfi, wani lokacin tare da hawaye mai yawa, fainse. Kafin farawar inzali, za su iya tursasa wa abokin tarayya su yi kokarin tayar da hankali ko da kuwa sun sami yardar rai daga halin da ake ciki ”. A cikin tebur 34 na aikin Kinsey wanda aka ambata (Kinsey xnumx, p. 180) ya ƙunshi bayanan mai banƙyama game da yara 24, ciki har da yaro 4 mai shekaru wanda ya ɗanɗana 24 "orgasms" a cikin sa'o'i 26.

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na "kamfen na ilimi" Kinsey ya nuna wa yara finafinai tare da nuna ƙwayoyin porcupines, suna kallon yadda suke ji da abin da aka nuna akan alloGathorne-Hardy xnumx, p. 347).

Kinsey ya kasance mai goyon bayan dangantakar "bude" a cikin aure, har ma yana da yarjejeniya tare da matarsa ​​Clara McMillen cewa za su iya yaudarar juna da sauran mutane; Kinsey, a cikin “sauran mutane,” tsoffin ɗalibai ne da marubutan Clyde Martin da Wardell Pomeroy, kuma Martin har ma yana da ƙaunar abokiyar zama tare da matarsa ​​(Baumgartner xnumx, p. 48; 2009 Law; Jones 1997) Bayan haka, Martin da Pomeroy suma sun zama sanannan masan ilimin kimiyyar dabi'un Amurkawa. Bincike mafi cikakken bayani game da hanyoyin tsinkaye da dabi'un aiki a aikin Kinsey, mai bincike Judith Reisman, wani ba'amurke ɗan ƙasar Amurka, likita da malami a jami'ar 'Yanci a Virginia; An buga sakamakon bincike a littattafai da yawa (Reisman xnumx, 1998, 2006).

Abinda wakilan kungiyar LGBT suke fada

A yau, lokacin da liwadi ya kafa kansa a cikin al'umman Yammacin Turai, da kuma fallasa bayanin karya game da kashi goma na masu luwadi ba za su canza komai ba a matsayinsu na musamman, wasu shugabannin LGBT sun yarda cewa an yi amfani da adon "10%" a matsayin yaudarar siyasa saboda yana da ban sha'awa sosai da za a yi watsi. Tom Stoddard, shugaban Asusun Kare Lafiya na Lambda, wata kungiyar 'yar luwadi da Amurka ce, ya fadi a cikin wata hira da mujallar Amurka ta Newsweek: "... mun yi amfani da wannan adadi don ba da alama cewa mu manya ne ..." (Rogers P. Yawancin gwanaye nawa ne. Newsweek. 1993 Feb 15; 46). Jill Harris, kakakin kungiyar Act-up, wata kungiyar ‘yan luwadi da ba’amurke, ta ce game da dalilin yin amfani da lambar a cikin 10%: "Ina tsammanin cewa mutane sun san cewa labarin" kowane ɗayan goma "hanya ce ta ƙara, amma hanya ce mai kyau don jawo hankalin mutane kuma mu nuna cewa muna nan" (Irmiya Films 1993).

Shin zai yuwu wajen yanke shawara game da yanayin kimiyyar halittar wani sabon abu dangane da yawan jama'a?

Dangane da cewa karamin kashi na 'yan luwadi da ake gani a zabubukan da ke sama: yawan cin amanar da ke faruwa bai nuna ko “dabi’ar” ba. Tun daga farkon lokaci har zuwa yau, koda yaushe akwai wani kaso na aikata laifi a cikin jama'a, a wasu lokuta ma, wasu kadan, amma wannan adadin bai taba zama sifili ba (FBI 2015; Harrendorf xnumx) A zahiri, ana iya cewa laifi 'dabi'a' ce ta al'umma. Shin wannan yana nuna cewa laifi shine "dabi'a" ga mutum, cewa jama'a yakamata su ƙi shi, saboda "dabi'a" ce? Yawancin mutane suna kama mura a wasu lokatai na shekara, kuma ƙididdigar ta sa ya yiwu a faɗi tsinkaye da yawaitar cututtukan huhun numfashi (Bariffi xnumx) Koyaya, sun kasance cuta. Yawan cutarwar mutum ya tashi daga 6% zuwa 10,6% a tsakanin jama'a (Lenzenweger 2008) A cikin 43% na mata da 31% na maza, ɗaya ko wata matsalar jima'i ya faru: lalata erectile, hyposecretion na gland na farji, da sauransu (Laumann 1999). Rashin damuwa, damuwa, da rikice-rikice na abubuwa suna shafar 17% zuwa 26% na Amurkawa (Kessler 1994) Koyaya, babban adadin waɗannan yanayin a cikin yawan jama'a ba asalin bane don rarrabe su azaman tsarin tunani.

ZAMU CIGABA

• Bugawar Kinsey, sakamakon wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman hujja don tabbatar da 10% na mutanen da ke da sha'awar jinsi guda, cike suke da aibi na dabara (da ɗabi'a);

• Nazarin da aka gudanar tun lokacin da aka buga aikin Kinsey a Amurka, Biritaniya, Kanada da sauran kasashen Yammacin Turai, wadanda suka kunshi samfuran akalla mutane da dama dubbai na kowane zamani, ya nuna cewa yawan mutanen da suka bayyana kansu a matsayin ‘yan luwadi ba su kai 10% ba, a mafi yawan karatun da aka yi na nuna jere daga kasa da 1% zuwa iyakar 3%;

• Wasu sanannun mutane daga cikin wannan yunkuri na yada sha'awar dan luwadi sun tabbatar da cewa sun mamaye lambar don dalilan farfaganda;

• Lura da wani sabon abu a cikin yawan jama'a ba su ce komai game da zamantakewar sa ba ko kuma yadda yake a tsarinta.

BAYANIN ADDU'A

Cibiyar Nazarin Iyali. Wasan Lissafi: Kashi Na Bane na Yawan isan Adam ne? Rahoton musamman. URL: http://www.familyresearchinst.org/2009/02/the-numbers-game-what-percentage-of-the-population-is-gay/ 

Whitehead NE, Whitehead BK. Jinina ya sanya ni yin shi! Liwadi da shaidar kimiyya. Abokan Whitehead. 2016. Babi na II "Lambobin da aka yiwa luwadi suna nuna cigaban rayuwar su".

Sprigg P., Dailey T., eds. Samun shi madaidaiciya: Abin da Bincike Ya Nuna Game da Luwaɗan. Majalisar Nazarin Iyali, Washington 2004.

Reisman J Sace Girmamawa Sace Rashin Laifi: Yadda Aka Ci Amanar Amurka Da Karya da Laifukan Jima'i na Mahaukacin "Masanin Kimiyya".; Sabbin Masu Shiryar da Juyin Juya Hali (2012).

Reisman J, Eichel EW. Kinsey, Yin Jima'i da Yaudara: Indididdigar Jama'a .; Gidan Huntington; Lafayette, LA (1990). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Sex_and_Fraud.pdf 

Reisman J., et al. Kinsey: Laifuka & Sakamakonsa: Red Sarauniya da Babban Tsarin. Cibiyar Ilimi ta Media; Crestwood, KY (1998). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Crimes_and_Consequences.pdf

Reisman J., et al. Kinsey's Attic: Labari mai ban tsoro game da yadda Oneabi'ar Mutum ɗaya ta Canza Duniya. Bugawa na Gidan Cumberland (2006).

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