"Aliyense wazaka zitatu za 20
akhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kufa ndi Edzi
pachikumbutso chake cha 30 ».
APA

Ndi anthu ochepa masiku ano omwe amakumbukira kuti m'zaka zoyamba za kachilombo ka HIV, matendawa adayambitsa amatchedwa GRID (Gay-related immune disorder) - "Gay Immune Disorder", popeza anthu onse oyambirira omwe adatenga kachilomboka anali ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Dzina lina lodziwika bwino linali "Cancer Gay." Pokhapokha kachilomboka kamafalikira pakati pa akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo kupyolera mwa iwo pakati pa amuna, kupyolera mwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso osokoneza bongo, matendawa adatchedwa AIDS mothandizidwa ndi ndale komanso kukakamizidwa ndi mabungwe achiwerewere.

Pomwe mliri wa Edzi udayamba ku 1981 ku USA, zoyesayesa za atsogoleri achipembedzo gay cholinga chake sichinali kulepheretsa kufala kwa matendawa, koma kubisala kwa anthu kuti adakhalapo komanso kuyika pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati njira yokhazikika komanso yotetezeka. Malo ochezera a gay apanga zoyesayesa kuti achotse pagulu lazomwe kulumikizana pakati pa matendawa ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma m'mabuku azachipatala kugonana pakati pa abambo kumakhalabe pachiwopsezo # 1. Ndizosatheka kudziwa kuti anali amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adapanga gwero la HIV ku America ndikuchilikiza mothandizana ndi kugonana komanso kumatako.^[1]

Kafukufuku ku San Francisco (Bell ndi Weinberg) adawonetsa kuti 28% anali ndi zibwenzi zoposa 1000 zogonana komanso oposa 43% ya amuna ogonana. Kafukufuku wina (Paul Van de Ven et al.) Adapeza kuti amuna wamba omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa moyo wake wonse kuyambira 500 mpaka anzawo a 101, 500% kuchokera ku 16 mpaka anzawo a 501, ndi 1000% kuposa 16.^[2] 

Wothandizira ndege Gaetan Duga, imodzi mwazida zazikulu zakufalikira kwa kachiromboka ku United States zidadzitama kuti kwa zaka 10 adakhala ndi zibwenzi za 2500.^[3] Ngakhale atapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda Kaposi's sarcoma, ndipo adati kudwala kwake kudapha ndipo kudatsitsa, kwa zaka za 3, mpaka kufa kwake, adapitiliza kugona mopanda chitetezo m'magulu achimuna amdima. Nayi umboni wa munthu yemwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amati usiku umodzi anali ndi anzawo a 50.

Malinga ndi bungwe la U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe amachitika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi amatsika chaka chilichonse (pakadali pano pafupifupi 3 000 pachaka), pomwe pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikunasinthe - pafupifupi 26 000 pachaka.^[4] 

Popeza kuti ku America amuna ogonana amuna okhaokha amapanga 2.3% yokha,^[5] Matenda opatsirana kachilombo ka HIV pakati pawo amapezeka pafupipafupi 375 kuposa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Pakadali pano, ndi 9% yokha mwa matenda abambo amuna ku United States omwe amalumikizana ndi amuna anzawo, pomwe amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ngakhale ali ochepa, ndi omwe amachititsa 67% ya matenda onse a HIV ndipo 83% mwa amuna.

Chithunzi chofananachi chikuwoneka m'maiko ena:

Ndi zoperekedwa European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), njira yayikulu yofatsira kachirombo ka HIV ku European Economic Area, ndi kugonana pakati pa amuna.^[6]

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2013, pafupifupi 70% ya omwe amatenga kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amapezeka kudzera mwa bwenzi lawo lanthawi zonse, chifukwa chinyengo chambiri chimachitika osagwiritsa ntchito kondomu.^[7] Ngakhale akuchita khama pothana ndi Edzi, anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakana kudziteteza komanso amatenga dala kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa omwe ali nako. Mchitidwewu, womwe udadziwika koyamba mu 1999, umadziwika kuti "Kubwereketsa"(Eng.: Bug kuthamangitsa -" kuthamangitsa cholakwika "). Malinga ndi omwe atenga nawo mbali, kutenga matenda modzifunira ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumawamasula ku kuwopa matenda ndikuwapatsa ufulu wambiri pofunafuna chisangalalo chosasinthika. Malinga ndi APA, "30% ya azibwenzi onse azaka 20 azikhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena amwalira ndi Edzi azaka zakubadwa makumi atatu."^[8]

Kuchokera patsamba la CDC: "MSM (amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna) ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV komanso ma virus ena ndi bacteria STDchifukwa amachita kugonana kwa anal. The mucous membrane wa rectum amatha kupezeka modabwitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Komanso ambiri ogonana nawo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa komanso njira zogonana zogwirira ntchito za MSM zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV komanso STI m'gululi. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Edzi zachepa kwambiri mu MSM kuchokera ku 1980's mpaka m'ma 1990's. Komabe, kuyambira pano, pakati pa MSM koyambirira ku United States komanso m'maiko onse otukuka, okwera koyambirira syphilis (pulayimale, yachiwiri kapena yoyambirira), chinzonono, chlamydial kutenga matenda oopsa. ”^[9]

Wolemba buku la zaumoyo wa MSM, a Stephen Goldstone, akuti wachiwerewere aliyense amene ali ndi vuto la Edzi amakhala ndi vuto lachiwerewere.^[10] Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya anal kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi 28 nthawi zambiri.^[11]

Malinga ndi Red Cross, yomwe idasindikizidwa patsamba la FDA lopereka magazi, amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna kuyambira 1977 ali ndi mwayi wotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuposa anthu ambiri, kuposa 60 mwa omwe amapereka oyamba , ndipo nthawi 800 zochulukirapo kuposa omwe amabwereza omwe amapereka.^[12]

Ndi chifukwa chowopsa chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena, mu mayiko angapo, ngakhale olekerera kwambiri, pali zoletsa mpaka pakuletsedwa kwathunthu kwa magazi, minofu ndi chopereka cha ziwalo za abambo omwe amalumikizana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Izi zoletsa zimakhudzanso amayi omwe amagona ndi MSM.

Malinga ndi wankhanza wotchuka wa atsala omwe ndi Camilla Pali, "Kumadzulo, ngakhale kuli kwakuti nkhani zabodza zakulimbikitsa, Edzi ndi matenda ogonana amuna okhaokha ndipo adzapitilizabe kutsogoloku.".^[13]

Wolemba amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso wochita zachiwerewere, a Larry Kramer, anati m'magazini ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha The Advocate:

“Edzi pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sapita kulikonse. Tasintha, koma osakwanira, ndiye chifukwa chake kufalikira kumapitirirabe kukhala kokwanira. Kuyesetsa kwathu konse pakuphunzira, "kugonana kotetezeka" komanso kusintha kwa machitidwe sikunali kokwanira kuteteza chiwerewere kuti chisawonongedwe ... Tsoka ilo, limakhalabe mkangano wokangana, wosatsutsika, kuti ife tokha tidayambitsa Edzi podziteteza motere. Simungathe kuyanjana mosakondera ndi anzanu ambiri omwe amachita zomwezi popanda kufalitsa matendawa, zomwe kwa zaka zambiri zakupha. Chilengedwe nthawi zonse chimalipira chiwerewere ... Koma palibe amene amalankhula mokweza, momveka bwino komanso osayima: Lekani kuchita ngati chitsitsi. Yambani kuchita ngati akulu. Ngakhale munthawi zopambana, wachikulire sangasewere roulette x ** mi ... Tiyenera kupanga chikhalidwe chatsopano chomwe sichingakhale chochepa kwambiri komanso choganizira zomwe tikufuna kuchita komanso zomwe timachita nawo. " (Larry Kramer, "Kugonana ndi Kuzindikira," Woyimira, 1997)

Mfundo

[1] Jeffrey Satinover. Khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso ndale za Choonadi... - Mabuku a Baker, 1996-02-01. - 424 tsa. - ISBN 9781441212931.

[2] Paul Van de Ven, Pamela Rodden, June Crawford, Susan Kippax.Chithunzi chofananira cha anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha // Nkhani Yakufufuza Zakugonana. - 1997-01-01. - T. 34, ayi. 4. - S. 349 - 360.

[3] Malcolm Gladwell.Langizo: Zomwe Zinthu Zing'onozing'ono Zimatha Kusintha Kwakukulu. - Wamng'ono, Brown, 2006-11-01. - 182 sec. - ISBN 9780759574731

[4] CDC: Malipoti a Kafukufuku wa Kachilombo ka HIV, vol. 27 - 28

[5] Brian W. Ward, James M. Dahlhamer, Adena M. Galinsky, Sarah S. Joestl.Zochita zakugonana ndi thanzi pakati pa akulu akulu aku US: Kafukufuku wazamankhwala wadziko lonse, 2013 // Malipoti a National Health Statistics. - 2014-07-15. - Vol. 77. - S. 1 - 10. - ISSN 2164-8344.

[6] Pre-exposition prophylaxis ku EU / EEA. Kupereka ndi kuwunikira ntchito kwa PrEP: miyezo yocheperako ndi mfundo zazikulu (2018

[7]  Sonya S. Brady, Alex Iantaffi, Dylan L. Galos, BR Simon Rosser. Yotsegulidwa, Yotsekedwa, kapena Pakati: Kukonzekera Kwamaubwenzi ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kondomu Pakati pa Amuna Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito intaneti Kufuna Kugonana Ndi Amuna // Edzi ndi machitidwe. - 2013-5. - T. 17, ayi. 4. - S. 1499 - 1514

[8] A Christopher H. Rosik. Motivational, Ethical, and Epistemological maziko mu Mankhwala Osakhudzidwa a Homoerotic Attraction (Eng.) // Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. - 2003. - Vol. 29, kuperekedwa. 1. - P. 13 - 28.

[9] Anthu Apadera - 2015 STD Treatment Guideline

[10] Stephen E. Goldstone. Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Yogonana Ndi Amuna Osiyanasiyana: Buku Lachipatala La Amuna... 1999 - ayi. 1. - P. 21 - ISBN: 0440508460

[11] Brandon C. Yarns, Janet M. Abrams, a Thomas W. Meeks, a Daniel D. Sewell.The Mental Health of Okalamba LGBT Akuluakulu // Malipoti Amakono a Psychiatry. - 2016-6. - T. 18, ayi. 6. - P. 60

[12] Zopereka za Magazi Kuchokera Kwa Amuna Omwe Amagonana Ndi Amuna Ena Mafunso ndi Mayankho. web.archive.org (February 27 2013)

[13] Camille Paglia. Vamp & Tramp: Zolemba Zatsopano. - Gulu Lofalitsa la Knopf Doubleday Publishing, 2011-08-31. - 562 sec.

[14] Larry Kramer, "Kugonana ndi Kuzindikira, ”Woteteza, 1997