Pulojekiti 10, yomwe imachokera ku bodza lakuti m'modzi mwa anthu khumi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, idakhazikitsidwa ku 1984 ku Los Angeles. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi, malinga ndi mphunzitsi wazamayi Virginia Uribe, yemwe adayambitsa ntchitoyi, ndi "kukopa ophunzira, kuyambira mkalasi, kuvomereza mchitidwe wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati wabwinobwino komanso wofunika." Anatinso kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makhothi aboma kukakamiza masukulu kufalitsa zonena za kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Malinga ndi iye, "ana ayenera kumva izi, kuyambira mkaka mpaka sukulu yasekondale, chifukwa lingaliro lakale lakuyankhula kusekondale siligwira ntchito."
Adavomereza kuti: "Iyi ndi nkhondo ... Ine, palibe chifukwa choganizira chikumbumtima. Tiyenera kumenya nkhondoyi ".

Wolembera: Mtsogoleri wa Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, A. Yu. Popova

Kopi: kwa mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Research Institute of Epidemiology ya Rospotrebnadzor, V.V. Pokrovsky.

Wokondedwa Anna Yurievna!

Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky m'malo mwa Rospotrebnadzor adanena [1] kufunika kwa maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu.

1. Tikukupemphani kuti mufufuze kafukufuku wamkati ndikupeza zomwe Vadim Valentinovich adanena za sayansi ndi ziwerengero. Kodi zidachitika ngati gawo la kukwaniritsidwa kwakhungu kwa zofunikira za mabungwe apadziko lonse ku Russia?

2. Chonde fufuzani ngati Vadim Valentinovich akugwira ntchito yachilendo ponena za kufunikira kwa "maphunziro ogonana" kwa ana a ku Russia, komanso ngati anali ndi ufulu wolankhula m'malo mwa Rospotrebnadzor.

3. Tikukupemphani kuti muwone kuyenerera kwa akatswiri a Vadim Valentinovich pokhudzana ndi kusagwirizana kwa mawu ndi kupondereza mfundo.

4. Tikukupemphani kuti mufufuze mapangano a mayiko a Chitaganya cha Russia kuti atsatire njira zachitukuko chodziyimira pawokha, kuphatikiza chitetezo cha anthu (mapangano a UN ali ndi cholinga chochepetsa kubadwa kwa anthu), ndikupangira kuti mutuluke pamapangano omwe satsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino. Russian Federation ndi njira yachitukuko ya Russia.

5. Tikukupemphani kuti muphunzire zotsatira za "maphunziro ogonana" omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi UN, kuvomerezeka kwa uhule ndi kuthetsa miyeso yoletsa kuchotsa mimba pa chitetezo cha epidemiological cha anthu a ku Russia, zotsatira za thanzi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu.

6. Perekani chiganizo chovomerezeka pa zotsatira za kafukufuku.

Kuti aphunzire malingaliro a akatswiri, zopempha zinalembedwa ku Unduna wa Maphunziro a Chitaganya cha Russia, kuphatikizapo madera, kusonyeza magwero ndi mfundo, ndi maganizo kuwunika kufunika koyambitsa maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu. Mayankho osadziwika analandiridwa ponena za kusavomerezeka kwa zisonkhezero zoterezi kwa ana, komanso kusowa kwa ndondomeko zowonetsera "maphunziro ogonana". Undunawu umati cholinga cha ntchito yawo n’kupangitsa kuti anthu onse azilemekeza mabanja ndi makhalidwe abwino, polera ana mwauzimu ndi m’makhalidwe abwino.

Munthawi imeneyi, malingaliro a woimira Rospotrebnadzor pakuyambitsa "seksprosvet" akuwoneka ngati osachita bwino.

Malingaliro a komiti ya UN

Komiti ya United Nations (CEDAW) ndi bungwe la akatswiri odziyimira pawokha omwe amayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipani za mayiko omwe ali mumgwirizano wothana ndi tsankho lililonse kwa azimayi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa panganoli (monga zolemba zina zambiri za UN) kumachepetsedwa ku chiwonongeko cha banja lachikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo kupyolera mu maphunziro odana ndi kubadwa kwa achinyamata, omwe amaperekedwa ngati "maphunziro a kugonana".

Izi ndi mapangano ena apadziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT* kulimbikitsa zochita zawo.

Kuphatikiza pa chikhumbo chofuna kukhazikitsa ntchito za mabungwe omwe si a Western NGOs m'gawo la Russia popanda kulembetsa ndi nthumwi zawo zakunja, komiti ya UN ikulimbikitsa [2] kukhazikitsa njira yokwanira yolimbana ndi amayi ndi abambo m'magulu onse a anthu, kuphatikiza atsogoleri achipembedzo. , pofuna "kuthetsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro a makolo akale okhudza udindo ndi udindo wa amayi ndi abambo m'banja ndi m'gulu ". Kuti izi zitheke, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti m’masukulu a pulaimale ndi sekondale muphatikizepo maphunziro athunthu okhudzana ndi uchembere wabwino ndi uchembele ndi ufulu wa atsikana ndi anyamata ndikuvomereza uhule (kuchotsa nkhani 6.11 ya Administrative Code), ndikuthetsa njira zopewera kuchotsa mimba.

M'mawu osavuta, komiti ya UN ikufuna kuchokera ku Russia kuti ziwononge makhalidwe achikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa "maphunziro a kugonana", kuthetseratu kuchotsa mimba ndi kuvomereza uhule, kuphatikizapo mothandizidwa ndi akunja.

Mu 1994, Mapangano a ku Cairo adasainidwa, akukambirana za kubereka kwa anthu, kapangidwe ka mabanja, ndi kugonana. Cholinga chachikulu chinali kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kubadwa , komwe kunawonetsedwa mwachifundo monga kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, nkhawa ya thanzi la kubereka la akazi, komanso kulemekeza ufulu wawo wobereka (monga kuchotsa mimba ndi kutsekereza). Njira zina zochepetsera chiwerengero cha anthu zomwe zatchulidwazi zikuphatikizapo "maphunziro okhudza kugonana," njira zolerera ana, ndi nkhani zotsutsana ndi njira zolerera ana.

Zofunikira zotere zimatsutsana ndi mapulani a chitukuko cha Russian Federation ndikuchepetsa chitetezo cha anthu aku Russia, zimatsutsana ndi lamulo lapulezidenti "Pa zolinga zachitukuko cha dziko la Russia mpaka 2030", zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika koonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino. kukula kwa chiwerengero cha Russian Federation, ndipo kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu zobereka komanso moyo wa anthu aku Russia.

Zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi poyambitsa maphunziro ogonana

Adatumidwa ndi CDC mu 2017, kusanthula kwamaphunziro [3] omwe akuti amatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa mapulogalamu a "maphunziro ogonana" adapeza kuti anali amtundu wocheperako ndipo anali ndi zotsatira zotsutsana zomwe sizimalola kujambula momveka bwino.

Kuwunikanso patatha chaka [4] sikunapeze umboni wosonyeza kuti mapulogalamu ophunzitsa kugonana kusukulu ndi othandiza kuchepetsa mimba zachinyamata komanso kupewa HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.

Kusanthula kwinanso: “Kodi mapulogalamu a kusukulu amaletsa HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana mwa achinyamata?” Anafika pa mfundo zofanana ndi zimenezi [5]: “Kafukufuku, kuphatikizapo mayesero olamulidwa mwachisawawa, anali a njira yotsika kwambiri ndipo anali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana amene sakanatha kutero. perekani zifukwa zokhutiritsa za kuchita bwino kwa mapulogalamu a sukulu. "

Mu 2019, ofufuza ochokera ku Institute for Research and Evaluation (IRE) adasindikiza ndemanga yapadziko lonse lapansi yofufuza mabuku okhudza njira ziwiri zosiyana zophunzitsira za kugonana: maphunziro athunthu okhudza kugonana (CSE) ndi maphunziro oletsa kugonana okha (AE) [6]. Monga momwe olemba ndemangayi adalembera, "Pamene adayesedwa motsutsana ndi miyezo yolimba, database ya maphunziro 103 amphamvu komanso aposachedwa a CSE, omwe adawunikidwa ndi mabungwe atatu odziwika bwino asayansi (UNESCO, CDC, ndi HHS), adapeza umboni wochepa wa momwe CSE imagwirira ntchito m'masukulu komanso zotsatira zoyipa zambiri. Pazopeza zochepa zabwino, pafupifupi zonse zidachokera kwa opanga mapulogalamu ndipo sizinabwerezedwenso. Kafukufuku wazaka makumi atatu akuwonetsa kuti maphunziro athunthu okhudza kugonana si njira yothandiza yophunzitsira thanzi la anthu m'makalasi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mapulogalamuwa angayambitse mavuto ."

Kodi mungawonetse bwanji zochitika za anthu omwe akuyesera kukakamiza njira yosagwira ntchito komanso yowopsa kwa ana athu? Kodi Rospotrebnadzor angalimbikitse chakudya cha ana, zabwino zake zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe ndipo pali umboni wovulaza thanzi? Nanga bwanji za “kuunikira zakugonana”?

Zotsatira za kuyambitsa njira zophunzitsira za kugonana molingana ndi njira za WHO

Zambiri zaku United States zimaperekedwa ndi CDC [7]. Pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu ndi kosalekeza kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana (STDs) m'zaka zaposachedwa. Miyezo ya STD yawonjezeka kwa chaka chachisanu motsatizana [8] ndipo yafika pamlingo wapamwamba. Milandu ya congenital syphilis (yopatsirana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pa nthawi yapakati) idakwera ndi 2017% kuyambira 2018 mpaka 40. Chindoko chobadwa nacho chikhoza kuyambitsa kupita padera, kubala mwana wakufa, imfa ya wakhanda, ndi mavuto aakulu a moyo ndi minyewa ya moyo wonse. Chithunzi chofananacho chikuwoneka ku England. Malingana ndi deta ya boma, pakati pa 2014 ndi 2018, chiwerengero cha matenda a mauka kwa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna - MSM (61%: kuchokera 11 mpaka 760), chindoko (18%: kuchokera 892 mpaka 61) ndi gonorrhea (3527%) : kuchokera 5681 mpaka 43) [18].

Ku Netherlands [10], chiwerengero cha odwala chindoko chinakwera ndi 2016% mu 30 poyerekeza ndi 2015. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenda pakati pa MSM, onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso opanda. Kuyesedwa kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana ku Center for Sexual Health (CSG) mu 2019 kunawonetsa [11] kuti chiwerengero cha omwe adakhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana chakwera poyerekeza ndi 2018. Chiwerengero cha matenda a chindoko chinawonjezeka ndi 16,8%, ndi chinzonono - ndi 11%, makamaka chifukwa MSM.

Chlamydia ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku Finland. Mu 2019, pafupifupi 16 odwala matenda a chlamydia adapezeka, omwe ndi 200 kuposa mu 1000. Ichi ndiye chiwongola dzanja chokwera kwambiri pachaka chomwe chalembedwapo pa National Registry of Infectious Diseases. Kufalikira kwa matenda kumachitika makamaka pakati pa achinyamata: pafupifupi 2018% mwa omwe adapezeka ndi zaka 80-15. Chiwerengero cha chinzonono ndi chindoko chawonjezekanso [29].

Asayansi aku Australia amalemba za "chinzonono chofala pakati pa amuna awiri ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" [13].

Ku Germany, mu nthawi kuchokera 2010 (chaka chofalitsidwa cha njira ya "maphunziro ogonana" WHO) mpaka 2017, chiwerengero cha chindoko chinawonjezeka ndi 83% mpaka 9,1 milandu pa 100 anthu [000].

Kuonjezera apo, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amakonda kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha chikukula pakati pa achinyamata, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudziwika kwa amuna kapena akazi - "gender dysphoria" chikuwonjezeka ngati mliri, pamene kuwonjezeka kwa matenda omwe ali ndi MSM sikuli. zitheke kufotokozera kuchuluka kwa anthu a LGBT* powonjezera kumasuka kwa omwe adayankha okha [14].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVCJUuh-pCk

Malinga ndi Yougov [15]: "Mu 2019, panali pafupifupi theka la" ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "pakati pa Britons azaka 18-24 kuposa omwe ali mgulu la okalamba (44% poyerekeza ndi 81%). Ngati mu kafukufuku wofanana mu 2015 2% yokha ya achinyamata adadziwika kuti ndi "ogonana ndi amuna awiri", ndiye kuti patapita zaka 4 chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka ka 8 - mpaka 16% ".

Pakati pa anthu omwe amakonda kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, pali kuwonjezeka kwa khalidwe loopsa komanso matenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kukucheperachepera, ndipo asayansi akuneneratu kutsika kwina kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu [16].

Kuchokera patsamba la CDC [17]: "MSM (amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana ndi mabakiteriya chifukwa amagonana kumatako. The rectal mucosa ndi modabwitsa atengeke ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kuonjezera apo, anthu ambiri ogonana nawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso machitidwe ogonana a MSM amawonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana m'gululi. Kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kunachepa kwambiri pakati pa MSM kuyambira m'ma 1980 mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990. Komabe, chiyambire nthaŵiyo, MSM mu United States ndi pafupifupi maiko onse otukuka akumana ndi milingo yowonjezereka ya chindoko choyambilira (choyambirira, chachiwiri, kapena cham’mbuyo), chinzonono, matenda a chlamydial, ndi chiŵerengero chokwera cha makhalidwe oipa ogonana.”

Mu nkhani yake, Vadim Valentinovich, polankhula za momwe kachilombo ka HIV kaliri kumadzulo, sakunena kuti kuchepa kumeneku sikunatheke chifukwa chochepetsa khalidwe loopsa pakati pa anthu, makamaka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pakati pa magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Iye mwini akuvomereza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka pakati pa achinyamata azaka zopitilira 23-25, koma akuumirira kuti maphunziro ogonana ayambitsidwe m'masukulu, m'malo moyambitsa maphunziro ogonana m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo monga mahule, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kalata ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa ku Russia ya pa 22 Marichi, 2018 Nambala 15-3/10/2-1811 “Ponena za kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana” imati: “Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana .”

Chidziwitso chakuti kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala njira yofala yopezera kachilombo ka HIV chikukayikiridwa mu chikalatachi (HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2020: 2019 data) [19], chomwe chimati deta yokhudza anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "iyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala" popeza "Kafukufuku wina wochitidwa kum'mawa kwa Chigawochi wapeza kuti chidziwitso chokhudza njira zopatsirana matendawa chikhoza kukhala chopanda tsankho, chifukwa odwala ambiri omwe adalembedwa ngati milandu ya matenda opatsirana pogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena, pankhani ya amuna, kugonana pakati pa amuna ." Izi zavomerezedwa ndi AIDS Center [ https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/ ] ndi akatswiri ena omwe amaumirira kufunika kopewa HIV m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, makamaka pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna, omwe akupitilizabe kukhala atsogoleri pakufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV ku EU/EEA.

Lipoti la ku Ulaya, pofotokoza njira zothetsera mliri wa kachilombo ka HIV, likunena kuti ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa umboni wa sayansi (deta ya sayansi yotsimikizira kuti "maphunziro a kugonana", palibe) ndipo amalemba mndandanda wa miyeso yomwe imaphatikizapo kufufuza, kuyesa mobwerezabwereza, chidziwitso cha okondedwa. , pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) yoyang'ana mwapadera kufikira magulu akuluakulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo [ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo]. Lipotilo silinena zonena za kufunika kophunzitsidwa za kugonana kwa ana m'masukulu, chifukwa chakuti matenda ambiri amapezeka kunja kwa sukulu ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 37.

Ana a ku Russia ngakhale opanda "seksprosvet" amalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha dongosolo la ubereki mu maphunziro a sayansi ya zamoyo, ndipo amadziŵana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi njira zopewera mokwanira komanso zofunikira mu maphunziro a OBZH. Lipoti la FBSI la Central Research Institute of Epidemiology la Rospotrebnadzor limati "chiwerengero cha achinyamata ndi achinyamata chinachepa mu 2020 mpaka 0,9%; mu 2000, iwo amawerengera 24,7% ya matenda atsopano a HIV, ndipo mu 2010 - 2,2% ”. Ku Russia, mu 1996, kuyesa kunachitika maphunziro oyesera pa maphunziro a kugonana, pamene panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Mu 2006, mu Yekaterinburg, makolo 6 anafuna kuti asiye "kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi", umene unayambitsidwa ndi methodological center "Kholis", mothandizidwa ndi United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Kusakhutira kwa makolowo kudalimbikitsidwa ndi kuwunika koyipa kwambiri kwa Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, Academy of Civil Service pansi pa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation ndi National Scientific Center for Narcology ya Roszdrav. Zinkawoneka kuti funso la "maphunziro a kugonana" potsiriza linatsekedwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu, koma funsoli linadzutsidwa kuchokera kumene iwo sankayembekezera - kuchokera ku Rospotrebnadzor.

Ndime 9.6 ya malamulo aukhondo ndi epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 amalola kulamula malangizo sayansi unsubstantiated kwa gawo la maphunziro, amene akhoza kukhala vuto la chitetezo cha dziko ndi kutsutsana ndi zolinga za chitukuko cha Russian Federation - chuma cha dziko, kuyambira maphunziro kugonana maphunziro amalimbikitsidwa ngati njira imodzi yochepetsera kubadwa.

Njira zothandiza zochepetsera kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana zikuphatikizapo kuphwanya lamulo kulimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kusintha kwa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, uchidakwa, machitidwe ogonana osazolowereka ( kugonana ndi munthu m'modzi m'modzi m'modzi m'modzi ), komanso kusowa ana; kuchepetsa kufalitsa zolaula ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakopa ana kuti azichita moyo woopsa; komanso kugwira ntchito ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Zolinga za "sex kuunikira"

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge nkhani yofotokoza bwino za gulu la “ Sayansi ya Choonadi ” [ https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/ ] yokhudza zolinga ndi zotsatira za kukhazikitsa “maphunziro a kugonana” malinga ndi njira za UN.

Kafukufuku wa University of Akron anapeza kuti maphunziro okhudza kugonana amapangitsa ophunzira kukhala olekerera komanso osadana ndi zopatuka za kugonana (zomwe mosakayikira zimalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali).

Mtsogoleri wa Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Sergei Naryshkin adanena zambiri zofunika pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wokhudza chitetezo ku Ufa. Iye ali ndi chidaliro kuti monamizira "kumasula anthu" mphamvu za dongosolo la dziko latsopano zikuchita nkhondo yolimbana ndi miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Pankhaniyi, achinyamata akukumana kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane processing.

"Pofuna kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa lingaliro la jenda, kufunika kwa banja ndi ukwati, mapulogalamu akugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kulimbikitsa "ufulu" wa gulu la LGBT *, kufalitsa malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha akazi ... Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa anthu kukhala odzipatula, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la neurotic ndikusintha kwachidziwitso. Zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu oterowo ndi omwe akuyenera kusinthidwa, makamaka ngati ali ndi iPhone yolumikizidwa ndi netiweki. ”

Zabwino zonse, gulu la Science for Truth

Mabuku

1. https://lenta.ru/news/2020/12/04/sekposvett/
2. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (ubwenzi wamfupi https://vk.cc/bVLoGS).
3. Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Kodi Mapologalamu Ochokera Kusukulu Amaletsa HIV ndi Matenda Ena Opatsirana Pogonana Kwa Achinyamata? Kuwunika Mwadongosolo ndi kusanthula kwa Meta. Prev Sci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
4. Marseille, E., Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA et al. Kuchita Bwino kwa Mapulogalamu Oletsa Mimba Achinyamata Ochokera kusukulu ku USA: Kuwunika Mwadongosolo ndi Kusanthula kwa Meta. Prev Sci 19, 468-489 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0861-6
5. Mirzazadeh A, Biggs MA, Viitanen A, Horvath H, Wang LY, Dunville R, Barrios LC, Kahn JG, Marseille E. Kodi Mapologalamu Ochokera kusukulu Amaletsa HIV ndi Matenda Ena Opatsirana Pogonana Kwa Achinyamata? Kuwunika Mwadongosolo ndi kusanthula kwa Meta. Zam'mbuyo Sci. Meyi 2018; 19 (4): 490-506. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0. PMID: 28786046.
6. Ericksen, Irene H., ndi Weed, Stan E. (2019). "Kuwunikanso Umboni wa Maphunziro Okhudza Kugonana Kwathunthu ku Sukulu: Kufufuza Padziko Lonse." Nkhani mu Chilamulo ndi Mankhwala, 34 (2): 161-182.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2019/2018-STD-surveillance-report.html
9. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables
10. https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/sexually-transmitted-infections-including-hiv-in-netherlands-in-2016
11. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html
12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. Callander D, Guy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; Mgwirizano wa ACCESS. Gonorrhea yapita koopsa: kuchuluka kwa chinzonono komanso ziwopsezo zomwe zimayenderana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha omwe amapita kuzipatala zaku Australia zogonana. Thanzi Lakugonana. 2019 Sep; 16 (5): 457-463. doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. PMID: 30409244.
14. Mercer CH, Fenton KA, Copas AJ, Wellings K, Erens B, McManus S, Nanchahal K, Macdowall W, Johnson AM. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa maubwenzi ndi machitidwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku Britain 1990-2000: umboni wochokera kufukufuku wapadziko lonse. Edzi. 2004 Jul 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. PMID: 15199322.
15. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2019/07/03/one-five-young-people-identify-gay-lesbian-or-bise
16. Fairley CK, Prestage G, Bernstein K, Mayer K, Gilbert M. 2020, matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi HIV mwa amuna okhaokha, amuna okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna. Thanzi labwino. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920748/
19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Yankho 1 kwa Senator Pavlova M.N.

Ndidayenera kulembanso pempho lachiwiri kuti musalembetse.

Yankho lomwe linalandiridwa pa Marichi 4, 2021, Nambala 09-3929-2021-05, ku pempho lochokera ku gulu la " Science for Truth ," lotumizidwa ndi Senator wa ku Russia Margarita Nikolaevna Pavlova, linapangitsa kuti aganizire osati luso la Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky lokha komanso luso la Rospotrebnadzor, woimiridwa ndi Irina Viktorovna Bragina. Yankho lake linali lodabwitsa chifukwa cha kusayang'anira bwino (yankholo linaphatikizapo mutu womwe sunatchulidwe mu pempholi, "Pochita kuyesera kukhazikitsa malo ophunzirira a digito") komanso mfundo zosatsimikizika za lipoti la European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo, magwero, ndi malingaliro ophunzirira mapangano apadziko lonse a Russia mu pempho lochokera ku "Science for Truth" sizinanyalanyazidwe.

Rospotrebnadzor akuyitanidwa kuti ateteze moyo waumunthu, ndipo ngati anthu omwe sadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi sayansi ndi ziwerengero zamagulu akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, ubwino uli pangozi yoonekeratu, yomwe ingaganizidwe ndi Boma la Russian Federation. ndi ziganizo zoyenera za bungwe.

Malinga ndi lamulo la Rospotrebnadzor, "Mtsogoleri wa Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare ali ndi udindo wokwaniritsa ntchito zomwe wapatsidwa ku Utumiki. Mtsogoleri wa Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare ali ndi nduna zosankhidwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi Boma la Russian Federation pamalingaliro a mutu wa Utumiki.

Tiyeni tione zolakwika zina mu yankho la Irina Viktorovna

Kodi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala njira yofala kwambiri yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV?

Kunenetsa kuti kufalikira kwa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala njira yofala yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV kukukayikiridwa m'chikalata chomwe chinatchulidwa ndi Irina Viktorovna (data ya HIV/AIDS mu Europe 2020: 2019), chomwe chimati deta yokhudza anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "iyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala" popeza "Kafukufuku wina wochitidwa kum'mawa kwa Chigawochi wapeza kuti chidziwitso chokhudza njira zofalitsira kachilomboka chikhoza kukhala chopanda tsankho, chifukwa odwala ambiri omwe adalembedwa ngati milandu ya matenda ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena, pankhani ya amuna, kugonana pakati pa amuna ." Izi zavomerezedwa ndi AIDS Center [ https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/ ] ndi akatswiri ena omwe amaumirira kufunika kopewa HIV m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, makamaka pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna, omwe akupitilizabe kukhala atsogoleri pakufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV ku EU/EEA.

Mapeto osamveka okhudza ubale pakati pa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha HIV ndi maphunziro a kugonana

Potchula "data ya HIV/AIDS ku Europe 2020: 2019," Irina Viktorovna akunena kuti kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ku France kuli kowirikiza kawiri kuposa ku Germany, ndipo akunena mosaganizira kuti kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kukugwirizana ndi maphunziro a kugonana m'mabungwe ophunzitsa, zomwe ndi zokakamiza ku Germany. Kenako amalemba za kufunika kokulitsa mapulogalamu ophunzitsa otere ku Russia. Izi ndi zonena zopanda maziko, chifukwa chikalata chomwe chikukambidwachi sichinapereke lingaliro lotere ndipo sichinatchulepo mapulogalamu ophunzitsa kugonana konse. Sanatchulepo zambiri zokhudza mfundo yakuti mu 2019, poyerekeza ndi 2018, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ku Germany kunakwera kuchoka pa 3,5 kufika pa 3,7 pa anthu 100,000. Ndipo ku France , komwe maphunziro a kugonana si okakamiza, anachepa . Ku Estonia, komwe maphunziro a kugonana ndi okakamiza, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi kokwera kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Germany ndi France pamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Germany, monga ku US ndi Europe, kuchuluka kwa matenda ena opatsirana pogonana kukukwera, ngakhale kuti makalasi ophunzitsa kugonana adayamba, zomwe zikusonyeza zifukwa zina zomwe zikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV. Ku Germany, pakati pa 2010 ndi 2017, kuchuluka kwa matenda a syphilis kunawonjezeka ndi 83% kufika pa milandu 9,1 pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse.

Lipoti la ku Ulaya, pofotokoza njira zothanirana ndi mliri wa HIV, likunena kuti ziyenera kuzikidwa pa umboni wa sayansi (deta ya sayansi yotsimikizira kuti "maphunziro ogonana" - ayi) ndi mndandanda wa miyeso yomwe imaphatikizapo kufufuza, kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, chidziwitso cha mnzanu, chisanachitike. -exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kufikira magulu akuluakulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo [ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, osokoneza bongo]. Lipotilo silinena zonena za kufunika kophunzitsidwa za kugonana kwa ana m'masukulu, chifukwa chakuti matenda ambiri amapezeka kunja kwa sukulu ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 37. Chifukwa chake, zomwe Irina Viktorovna akunena za chikalata cha WHO ndikuyesa kudandaula kwa olamulira abodza (argumentum ad verecundiam), ndipo yankho lake, lomwe silinakhazikitsidwe pazomwe zalembedwa pachikalatacho, cholinga chake ndikusocheretsa senator wa Russian Federation.

Ngakhale popanda "maphunziro ogonana," ana aku Russia amalandira chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza kapangidwe ka njira yoberekera m'makalasi a zamoyo, ndipo amaphunzitsidwa mokwanira m'makalasi oteteza moyo okhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso njira zopewera matendawa. Lipotilo lochokera ku Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor limati "chiŵerengero cha achinyamata ndi achinyamata chinachepa kufika pa 0,9% mu 2020 ; mu 2000, anali 24,7% ya matenda atsopano a HIV, ndipo mu 2010, 2,2% . Ku Russia, mu 1996, mayeso a maphunziro ogonana adayambitsidwa, koma kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana kudawonedwa.

Mbiri imadzibwereza yokha

Mu 2006, mu Yekaterinburg, makolo 6 anafuna kuti asiye "kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi", umene unayambitsidwa ndi methodological center "Kholis", mothandizidwa ndi United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Kusakhutira kwa makolowo kudalimbikitsidwa ndi kuwunika koyipa kwambiri kwa Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, Academy of Civil Service pansi pa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation ndi National Scientific Center for Narcology ya Roszdrav. Zinkawoneka kuti funso la "maphunziro a kugonana" potsiriza linatsekedwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu, koma funsoli linadzutsidwa kuchokera kumene iwo sankayembekezera - kuchokera ku Rospotrebnadzor.

Ndime 9.6 ya malamulo aukhondo ndi epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 otchulidwa mu yankho amalola kulamula malangizo opanda maziko sayansi ku gawo la maphunziro, amene akhoza kukhala vuto la chitetezo cha dziko ndi kutsutsana ndi zolinga za chitukuko cha Russian Federation - kupulumutsa. anthu, popeza maphunziro maphunziro kugonana akulimbikitsidwa monga mbali ya njira kuchepetsa chonde.

Njira zogwira mtima zochepetsera kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana kungakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilango zaupandu zolimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuledzera, kuledzera kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe (kugonana kumatako), kusabereka; kuchepetsa kugawidwa kwa zolaula ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza ana omwe ali ndi moyo woopsa. Kugwira ntchito ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Kutenga nawo gawo pakuletsa zidziwitso zovulaza ndi Rospotrebnadzor sikuthandiza, zida zimapezeka pamasamba ochezera, malo ochitira mavidiyo, masitolo ogulitsa mabuku, sinema ndi kanema wawayilesi.

Timakakamizika kudzudzula anzathu aku Russia chifukwa chongokhala chete (m'mabuku asayansi), omwe angafanane ndi kuperekedwa, chifukwa amamvetsetsa kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumadalira zochitika zamagulu a sayansi, makamaka m'madera a psychiatry ndi psychology, kumene, kukakamizidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT* pa asayansi, Kuchulukirachulukira kwamavuto am'maganizo kumazindikiridwa ngati chizolowezi ndipo kumalimbikitsidwa ngati khalidwe labwinobwino: choyamba kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kenako transsexualism ndi sadomasochism ndi pedophilia, zomwe sizimayambitsa nkhawa kwa wodwalayo. Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Pempho la gulu la "Science for Truth," lothandizidwa ndi anthu oposa 40, likupereka lingaliro lothandiza asayansi pantchito yovutayi—kusunga ulamuliro wa sayansi wa Russia: " Onetsetsani kuti asayansi aku Russia akhoza kufotokoza malingaliro awo asayansi popanda mantha pantchito zawo ndi malipiro awo. Gawo la bonasi la malipiro a asayansi limadalira ntchito yawo yofalitsa. Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya 'kulondola kwandale' ndi kuletsa, magazini akumadzulo ndi aku Russia omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri safalitsa mabuku omwe amatsutsana ndi mfundo yochepetsera khalidwe la anthu osowa poyera (kufalitsa nkhani za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kusintha kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimaika mphamvu yosaneneka pa ufulu wolankhula za malingaliro asayansi. Asayansi akuwopsezedwa poyera ndi ulamuliro wankhanza wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha." [ https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/ ].

Mwa munthu wa Rospotrebnadzor, anthu angafune kuwona wothandizana nawo, osati ogwirizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe akuyesera kuyambitsa njira zowononga ana a ku Russia.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kubwerezanso pempho langa lomwe ndidatumiza kale kuti ndilitenge mozama kwambiri, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri tsatanetsatane ndi magwero a zochita zomwe zaperekedwa.

Yankho 2 kwa Senator Pavlova M.N.

Popova A.Yu.

Gulu la Science for Truth , kudzera mwa Senator Margarita Nikolaevna Pavlova, linatumiza pempho kwa mkulu wa Rospotrebnadzor, Anna Yuryevna Popova, ponena za mawu a Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky okhudza "kufunika kwa maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu."

Pambuyo pa yankho loyamba, lomwe linasocheretsa senema, chifukwa chodera nkhawa mbiri ya Rospotrebnadzor, pempho lachiwiri linatumizidwa kusonyeza zofooka za kutsutsana kwa yankho.

Yankho A.Yu. Popova adadabwa kwambiri ndi yankho la wachiwiri wake. Zopempha zonse 6 za apilo sizinanyalanyazidwe.

A.Yu. Popova, m'malo mwa Rospotrebnadzor, adayankhanso kachiwiri, momwe amayeseranso kusocheretsa Senator M.N. Pavlov ndi multinational Russian Society. Mwina popanda ngakhale kuganiza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zosagwirizana ndi sayansi za maphunziro a kugonana, zomwe ziri zachilendo ku makhalidwe a anthu a dziko lathu, zingayambitse mavuto amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

"Maphunziro ogonana" akulimbikitsidwa ngati gawo la "kuthetsa mavuto a kuchulukana kwa anthu", zomwe zimatsutsana mwachindunji ndi ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya Russian Federation kuti awonjezere chiwerengero cha kubadwa.

Mikangano yonse ndi magwero a pempho lathu lobwerezabwereza ku Rospotrebnadzor sananyalanyazidwe. Pempho lachitatu liyenera kulembedwa ku mautumiki apadera, Boma ndi mabungwe azamalamulo.

A.Yu. Popova, ngakhale umboni wa sayansi waperekedwa wokhudza kuvulaza kapena kupanda pake kwa "maphunziro a kugonana," ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu a LGBT* kukuchulukirachulukira m'maiko omwe akukhazikitsa "maphunziro a kugonana," komanso ngakhale lipoti la ku Europe limalimbikitsa njira zozikidwa pa umboni m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (kuyezetsa, kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, kudziwitsa abwenzi, kupewa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo), akunena mopanda maziko kuti "malo ophunzirira ndi amodzi mwa othandiza kwambiri pakukonza zoyesayesa zopewera HIV/AIDS pakati pa achinyamata ndi achinyamata ." Komabe, akunyalanyaza kotheratu mfundo yakuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 37. Kalata ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa ku Russia ya pa Marichi 22, 2018 Nambala 15-3/10/2-1811 "Ponena za kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana" imati: "Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana . "

M'malo moyankha deta yasayansi ndi ziwerengero zomwe V.V. Pokrovsky adagwiritsa ntchito ponena za kufunika kwa "maphunziro a kugonana," A.Yu. Popova adati wakhala akugwira ntchito yoteteza kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV ku Russia Federation kwa zaka zoposa 35 ndipo, kutengera zaka zambiri zomwe wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito , amalimbikitsa kufunika kwa maphunziro okonzedwa bwino okhudza kupewa kachilombo ka HIV m'mabungwe ophunzitsa . Komabe, sakunena momwe ntchito yabwino ya Vadim Pokrovsky idathandizira kuti vutoli liwonjezeke.

Funso ndilakuti, kuyambira liti zomwe zinachitikira V.V. Pokrovsky, osati mapepala asayansi ndi maphunziro ofalitsidwa, adakhala umboni wa kufunikira kochitapo kanthu pa moyo wa kugonana kwa achinyamata? Zaka zambiri zazaka zambiri sizinena kanthu za mphamvu zake ndipo sizikutsimikiziridwa umboni wa kufunikira kwa "maphunziro ogonana".

M’malo molimbikitsa “maphunziro a kugonana” kwa ana, V.V. Pokrovsky ayenera kuti adalimbikitsa njira zothandizira kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha MSM ndi khalidwe lachiwopsezo. Njira zochepetsera kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana zingaphatikizepo kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilango zolimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, uchidakwa, uhule, kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugonana kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe (kugonana kumatako), kusabereka; kuchepetsa kugawidwa kwa zolaula ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza ana omwe ali ndi moyo woopsa. Gwirani ntchito ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, okonda mankhwala osokoneza bongo).

Tinkayembekeza kuti Rospotrebnadzor adzatenga nawo mbali pophunzira zotsatira za "maphunziro a kugonana" ndi njira zina zochepetsera kubadwa zomwe bungwe la UN limalimbikitsa, zotsatira zake pa thanzi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, komanso fufuzani mapangano apadziko lonse a Russian Federation kuti azitsatira. ndi njira zachitukuko cha Russia.

Ku Rospotrebnadzor, anthu akufuna kuona mnzawo, osati anzake komanso ogwirizana nawo akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoipitsa ana aku Russia motsatira malangizo a Komiti ya UN (CEDAW), yomwe imafuna kuti Russia iwononge miyambo yachikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo atsogoleri achipembedzo, kuyambitsa "maphunziro ogonana ," kuthetsa kupewa kuchotsa mimba, ndikulola uhule, pakati pa zinthu zina, mothandizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito zakunja.

Rospotrebnadzor akuyitanidwa kuti ateteze moyo waumunthu, ndipo ngati anthu omwe sadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi sayansi ndi ziwerengero zamagulu akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, ubwino uli pangozi yoonekeratu, yomwe ingaganizidwe ndi Boma la Russian Federation. ndi ziganizo zoyenera za bungwe.

PS
Pa pempho (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) kutumizidwa ndi wothandizira kwa wachiwiri kwa State Duma ya Russian Federation, katswiri wokhazikika ndi wokamba nkhani wa 2 WG pa maphunziro, kulera ndi chitukuko chokwanira cha ana a Public Council pansi pa Commissioner for Children's Rights pansi pa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor sanayankhebe.

---

Zogonana "maphunziro" m'masukulu - ukadaulo wa anthu