Pulojekiti 10, yomwe imachokera ku bodza lakuti m'modzi mwa anthu khumi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, idakhazikitsidwa ku 1984 ku Los Angeles. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi, malinga ndi mphunzitsi wazamayi Virginia Uribe, yemwe adayambitsa ntchitoyi, ndi "kukopa ophunzira, kuyambira mkalasi, kuvomereza mchitidwe wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati wabwinobwino komanso wofunika." Anatinso kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makhothi aboma kukakamiza masukulu kufalitsa zonena za kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Malinga ndi iye, "ana ayenera kumva izi, kuyambira mkaka mpaka sukulu yasekondale, chifukwa lingaliro lakale lakuyankhula kusekondale siligwira ntchito."
Adavomereza kuti: "Iyi ndi nkhondo ... Ine, palibe chifukwa choganizira chikumbumtima. Tiyenera kumenya nkhondoyi ".

Kopita: Mtsogoleri wa Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection ndi Human Wellbeing Popova A.Yu

Lembani: Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Research Institute of Epidemiology ya Rospotrebnadzor V.V. Pokrovsky

Wokondedwa Anna Yurievna!

Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky m'malo mwa Rospotrebnadzor adanena [1] kufunika kwa maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu.

1. Tikukupemphani kuti mufufuze kafukufuku wamkati ndikupeza zomwe Vadim Valentinovich adanena za sayansi ndi ziwerengero. Kodi zidachitika ngati gawo la kukwaniritsidwa kwakhungu kwa zofunikira za mabungwe apadziko lonse ku Russia?

2. Chonde fufuzani ngati Vadim Valentinovich akugwira ntchito yachilendo ponena za kufunikira kwa "maphunziro ogonana" kwa ana a ku Russia, komanso ngati anali ndi ufulu wolankhula m'malo mwa Rospotrebnadzor.

3. Tikukupemphani kuti muwone kuyenerera kwa akatswiri a Vadim Valentinovich pokhudzana ndi kusagwirizana kwa mawu ndi kupondereza mfundo.

4. Tikukupemphani kuti mufufuze mapangano a mayiko a Chitaganya cha Russia kuti atsatire njira zachitukuko chodziyimira pawokha, kuphatikiza chitetezo cha anthu (mapangano a UN ali ndi cholinga chochepetsa kubadwa kwa anthu), ndikupangira kuti mutuluke pamapangano omwe satsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino. Russian Federation ndi njira yachitukuko ya Russia.

5. Tikukupemphani kuti muphunzire zotsatira za "maphunziro ogonana" omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi UN, kuvomerezeka kwa uhule ndi kuthetsa miyeso yoletsa kuchotsa mimba pa chitetezo cha epidemiological cha anthu a ku Russia, zotsatira za thanzi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu.

6. Perekani chiganizo chovomerezeka pa zotsatira za kafukufuku.

Kuti aphunzire malingaliro a akatswiri, zopempha zinalembedwa ku Unduna wa Maphunziro a Chitaganya cha Russia, kuphatikizapo madera, kusonyeza magwero ndi mfundo, ndi maganizo kuwunika kufunika koyambitsa maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu. Mayankho osadziwika analandiridwa ponena za kusavomerezeka kwa zisonkhezero zoterezi kwa ana, komanso kusowa kwa ndondomeko zowonetsera "maphunziro ogonana". Undunawu umati cholinga cha ntchito yawo n’kupangitsa kuti anthu onse azilemekeza mabanja ndi makhalidwe abwino, polera ana mwauzimu ndi m’makhalidwe abwino.

Munthawi imeneyi, malingaliro a woimira Rospotrebnadzor pakuyambitsa "seksprosvet" akuwoneka ngati osachita bwino.

Malingaliro a komiti ya UN

Komiti ya United Nations (CEDAW) ndi bungwe la akatswiri odziyimira pawokha omwe amayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipani za mayiko omwe ali mumgwirizano wothana ndi tsankho lililonse kwa azimayi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa panganoli (monga zolemba zina zambiri za UN) kumachepetsedwa ku chiwonongeko cha banja lachikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo kupyolera mu maphunziro odana ndi kubadwa kwa achinyamata, omwe amaperekedwa ngati "maphunziro a kugonana".

Izi ndi mapangano ena apadziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT kulimbikitsa ntchito zawo.

Kuphatikiza pa chikhumbo chofuna kukhazikitsa ntchito za mabungwe omwe si a Western NGOs m'gawo la Russia popanda kulembetsa ndi nthumwi zawo zakunja, komiti ya UN ikulimbikitsa [2] kukhazikitsa njira yokwanira yolimbana ndi amayi ndi abambo m'magulu onse a anthu, kuphatikiza atsogoleri achipembedzo. , pofuna "kuthetsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro a makolo akale okhudza udindo ndi udindo wa amayi ndi abambo m'banja ndi m'gulu ". Kuti izi zitheke, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti m’masukulu a pulaimale ndi sekondale muphatikizepo maphunziro athunthu okhudzana ndi uchembere wabwino ndi uchembele ndi ufulu wa atsikana ndi anyamata ndikuvomereza uhule (kuchotsa nkhani 6.11 ya Administrative Code), ndikuthetsa njira zopewera kuchotsa mimba.

M'mawu osavuta, komiti ya UN ikufuna kuchokera ku Russia kuti ziwononge makhalidwe achikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa "maphunziro a kugonana", kuthetseratu kuchotsa mimba ndi kuvomereza uhule, kuphatikizapo mothandizidwa ndi akunja.

Mu 1994, mapangano a Cairo adasaina, omwe amakambirana za kubereka kwa anthu, kapangidwe ka mabanja komanso kugonana. Ntchito yaikulu inali kuchepa kwa chiberekero, zomwe zinafotokozedwa mu chivundikiro chopanda chifundo cha kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi, chisamaliro cha uchembere wa amayi ndi kulemekeza ufulu wake wobereka (i.e. kuchotsa mimba ndi kulera). Monga miyeso yeniyeni ya kuchepa kwa anthu idalembedwa "maphunziro ogonana", kulera ndi mabodza oletsa kubereka.

Zofunikira zotere zimatsutsana ndi mapulani a chitukuko cha Russian Federation ndikuchepetsa chitetezo cha anthu aku Russia, zimatsutsana ndi lamulo lapulezidenti "Pa zolinga zachitukuko cha dziko la Russia mpaka 2030", zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika koonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino. kukula kwa chiwerengero cha Russian Federation, ndipo kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu zobereka komanso moyo wa anthu aku Russia.

Zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi poyambitsa maphunziro ogonana

Adatumidwa ndi CDC mu 2017, kusanthula kwamaphunziro [3] omwe akuti amatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa mapulogalamu a "maphunziro ogonana" adapeza kuti anali amtundu wocheperako ndipo anali ndi zotsatira zotsutsana zomwe sizimalola kujambula momveka bwino.

Kuwunikanso patatha chaka [4] sikunapeze umboni wosonyeza kuti mapulogalamu ophunzitsa kugonana kusukulu ndi othandiza kuchepetsa mimba zachinyamata komanso kupewa HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.

Kusanthula kwinanso: “Kodi mapulogalamu a kusukulu amaletsa HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana mwa achinyamata?” Anafika pa mfundo zofanana ndi zimenezi [5]: “Kafukufuku, kuphatikizapo mayesero olamulidwa mwachisawawa, anali a njira yotsika kwambiri ndipo anali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana amene sakanatha kutero. perekani zifukwa zokhutiritsa za kuchita bwino kwa mapulogalamu a sukulu. "

Mu 2019, ofufuza a Institute for Research and Evaluation (IRE) adafalitsa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe udayang'ana zofalitsa zasayansi zomwe zikuwunika njira ziwiri zosiyana zophunzitsira za kugonana: Maphunziro Azachiwerewere (CSE) ndi Kudziletsa Kufikira Maphunziro Ogonana Pamodzi (AE ) [6]. Monga olemba ndemangayi adalemba kuti, "Poyesedwa ndi mfundo zovomerezeka, nkhokwe ya 103 ya maphunziro amphamvu kwambiri komanso aposachedwa kwambiri a CSE, omwe adayesedwa ndi mabungwe atatu odziwika bwino asayansi (UNESCO, CDC ndi HHS), adawonetsa umboni wochepa wa magwiridwe antchito a CSE mu kakhazikitsidwe kasukulu ndi zotsatira zoyipa zambiri. Mwa maumboni ochepa abwino, pafupifupi onse adalandiridwa ndi omwe adayambitsa pulogalamuyi ndipo sanabwerezedwe. Kafukufuku wazaka makumi atatu akuwonetsa kuti maphunziro athunthu okhudzana ndi kugonana si njira yabwino yaumoyo wa anthu m'makalasi padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuti mapulogalamuwa akhoza kukhala ovulaza".

Kodi mungawonetse bwanji zochitika za anthu omwe akuyesera kukakamiza njira yosagwira ntchito komanso yowopsa kwa ana athu? Kodi Rospotrebnadzor angalimbikitse chakudya cha ana, zabwino zake zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe ndipo pali umboni wovulaza thanzi? Nanga bwanji za “kuunikira zakugonana”?

Zotsatira za kuyambitsa njira zophunzitsira za kugonana molingana ndi njira za WHO

Zambiri zaku United States zimaperekedwa ndi CDC [7]. Pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu ndi kosalekeza kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana (STDs) m'zaka zaposachedwa. Miyezo ya STD yawonjezeka kwa chaka chachisanu motsatizana [8] ndipo yafika pamlingo wapamwamba. Milandu ya congenital syphilis (yopatsirana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pa nthawi yapakati) idakwera ndi 2017% kuyambira 2018 mpaka 40. Chindoko chobadwa nacho chikhoza kuyambitsa kupita padera, kubala mwana wakufa, imfa ya wakhanda, ndi mavuto aakulu a moyo ndi minyewa ya moyo wonse. Chithunzi chofananacho chikuwoneka ku England. Malingana ndi deta ya boma, pakati pa 2014 ndi 2018, chiwerengero cha matenda a mauka kwa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna - MSM (61%: kuchokera 11 mpaka 760), chindoko (18%: kuchokera 892 mpaka 61) ndi gonorrhea (3527%) : kuchokera 5681 mpaka 43) [18].

Ku Netherlands [10], chiwerengero cha odwala chindoko chinakwera ndi 2016% mu 30 poyerekeza ndi 2015. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenda pakati pa MSM, onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso opanda. Kuyesedwa kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana ku Center for Sexual Health (CSG) mu 2019 kunawonetsa [11] kuti chiwerengero cha omwe adakhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana chakwera poyerekeza ndi 2018. Chiwerengero cha matenda a chindoko chinawonjezeka ndi 16,8%, ndi chinzonono - ndi 11%, makamaka chifukwa MSM.

Chlamydia ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku Finland. Mu 2019, pafupifupi 16 odwala matenda a chlamydia adapezeka, omwe ndi 200 kuposa mu 1000. Ichi ndiye chiwongola dzanja chokwera kwambiri pachaka chomwe chalembedwapo pa National Registry of Infectious Diseases. Kufalikira kwa matenda kumachitika makamaka pakati pa achinyamata: pafupifupi 2018% mwa omwe adapezeka ndi zaka 80-15. Chiwerengero cha chinzonono ndi chindoko chawonjezekanso [29].

Asayansi aku Australia amalemba za "chinzonono chofala pakati pa amuna awiri ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" [13].

Ku Germany, mu nthawi kuchokera 2010 (chaka chofalitsidwa cha njira ya "maphunziro ogonana" WHO) mpaka 2017, chiwerengero cha chindoko chinawonjezeka ndi 83% mpaka 9,1 milandu pa 100 anthu [000].

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakonda kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakati pa achinyamata kukukulirakulira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la jenda - "gender dysphoria", kukuchulukirachulukira ngati mliri, pomwe kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe amadziwika ndi MSM sikulongosola. kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha LGBT chifukwa cha kumasuka kwa omwe anafunsidwa [khumi ndi zinayi].

Malinga ndi Yougov [15]: "Mu 2019, panali pafupifupi theka la" ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "pakati pa Britons azaka 18-24 kuposa omwe ali mgulu la okalamba (44% poyerekeza ndi 81%). Ngati mu kafukufuku wofanana mu 2015 2% yokha ya achinyamata adadziwika kuti ndi "ogonana ndi amuna awiri", ndiye kuti patapita zaka 4 chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka ka 8 - mpaka 16% ".

Pakati pa anthu omwe amakonda kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, pali kuwonjezeka kwa khalidwe loopsa komanso matenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kukucheperachepera, ndipo asayansi akuneneratu kutsika kwina kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu [16].

Kuchokera patsamba la CDC [17]: "MSM (amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana ndi mabakiteriya chifukwa amagonana kumatako. The rectal mucosa ndi modabwitsa atengeke ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kuonjezera apo, anthu ambiri ogonana nawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso machitidwe ogonana a MSM amawonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana m'gululi. Kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kunachepa kwambiri pakati pa MSM kuyambira m'ma 1980 mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990. Komabe, chiyambire nthaŵiyo, MSM mu United States ndi pafupifupi maiko onse otukuka akumana ndi milingo yowonjezereka ya chindoko choyambilira (choyambirira, chachiwiri, kapena cham’mbuyo), chinzonono, matenda a chlamydial, ndi chiŵerengero chokwera cha makhalidwe oipa ogonana.”

Vadim Valentinovich m'mawu ake, polankhula za vuto la HIV ku West, ali chetekuti kuchepetsa kumeneku sikunapezeke mwa kuchepetsa khalidwe lachiopsezo la anthu, makamaka ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa magulu owopsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, iye amavomereza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka mwa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 23-25, koma akuumirira kuti ayambe maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu, ndipo osati pambuyo pomaliza m'magulu omwe ali pachiopsezo - pakati pa mahule, ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso osokoneza bongo.

Kalata ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russian Federation ya Marichi 22, 2018 N 15-3 / 10 / 2-1811 "Pazochitika za kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana" imati: "Matenda a kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana amayamba chifukwa cha kufala kwa HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana".

Zidziwitso zosonyeza kuti kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala njira yayikulu yotengera kachilombo ka HIV, anafunsa mu chikalata (HIV / AIDS surveillance ku Europe 2020: 2019 data) [19], yomwe imati zambiri za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "ziyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala" chifukwa "Kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika kum'mawa kwa Chigawochi adapeza kuti zambiri zokhudzana ndi njira zopatsirana zitha kukhala ndi zolakwika, chifukwa. Odwala ambiri omwe amanenedwa kuti ali ndi matenda ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena, mwa amuna, kugonana pakati pa amuna.". Izi zikuzindikiridwanso ndi AIDS Center [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] ndi akatswiri ena omwe amaumirira kufunika kopewa kachirombo ka HIV m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, omwe ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna, omwe amakhalabe atsogoleri ofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV mu EU / EEA.

Lipoti la ku Ulaya, pofotokoza njira zothetsera mliri wa kachilombo ka HIV, likunena kuti ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa umboni wa sayansi (deta ya sayansi yotsimikizira kuti "maphunziro a kugonana", palibe) ndipo amalemba mndandanda wa miyeso yomwe imaphatikizapo kufufuza, kuyesa mobwerezabwereza, chidziwitso cha okondedwa. , pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) yoyang'ana mwapadera kufikira magulu akuluakulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo [ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo]. Lipotilo silinena zonena za kufunika kophunzitsidwa za kugonana kwa ana m'masukulu, chifukwa chakuti matenda ambiri amapezeka kunja kwa sukulu ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 37.

Ana a ku Russia ngakhale opanda "seksprosvet" amalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha dongosolo la ubereki mu maphunziro a sayansi ya zamoyo, ndipo amadziŵana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi njira zopewera mokwanira komanso zofunikira mu maphunziro a OBZH. Lipoti la FBSI la Central Research Institute of Epidemiology la Rospotrebnadzor limati "chiwerengero cha achinyamata ndi achinyamata chinachepa mu 2020 mpaka 0,9%; mu 2000, iwo amawerengera 24,7% ya matenda atsopano a HIV, ndipo mu 2010 - 2,2% ”. Ku Russia, mu 1996, kuyesa kunachitika maphunziro oyesera pa maphunziro a kugonana, pamene panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Mu 2006, mu Yekaterinburg, makolo 6 anafuna kuti asiye "kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi", umene unayambitsidwa ndi methodological center "Kholis", mothandizidwa ndi United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Kusakhutira kwa makolowo kudalimbikitsidwa ndi kuwunika koyipa kwambiri kwa Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, Academy of Civil Service pansi pa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation ndi National Scientific Center for Narcology ya Roszdrav. Zinkawoneka kuti funso la "maphunziro a kugonana" potsiriza linatsekedwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu, koma funsoli linadzutsidwa kuchokera kumene iwo sankayembekezera - kuchokera ku Rospotrebnadzor.

Ndime 9.6 ya malamulo aukhondo ndi epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 amalola kulamula malangizo sayansi unsubstantiated kwa gawo la maphunziro, amene akhoza kukhala vuto la chitetezo cha dziko ndi kutsutsana ndi zolinga za chitukuko cha Russian Federation - chuma cha dziko, kuyambira maphunziro kugonana maphunziro amalimbikitsidwa ngati njira imodzi yochepetsera kubadwa.

Njira zochepetsera kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana zitha kukhala kuyambitsa zilango zaupandu polimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuledzera, kuledzera, komanso kugonana kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe (kugonana kumatako), kusowa mwana; kuchepetsa kugawidwa kwa zolaula ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza ana m'moyo wowopsa. Kugwira ntchito ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Zolinga za "sex kuunikira"

Tikufuna kuti tiphunzire zambiri za gululi "Sayansi ya Choonadi»[https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/] pa zolinga ndi zotsatira za kukhazikitsidwa kwa "maphunziro ogonana" molingana ndi njira za UN.

Kafukufuku wa University of Akron anapeza kuti maphunziro okhudza kugonana amapangitsa ophunzira kukhala olekerera komanso osadana ndi zopatuka za kugonana (zomwe mosakayikira zimalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali).

Mtsogoleri wa Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Sergei Naryshkin adanena zambiri zofunika pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wokhudza chitetezo ku Ufa. Iye ali ndi chidaliro kuti monamizira "kumasula anthu" mphamvu za dongosolo la dziko latsopano zikuchita nkhondo yolimbana ndi miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Pankhaniyi, achinyamata akukumana kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane processing.

"Pofuna kufulumizitsa kukokomeza kwa lingaliro la jenda, kufunikira kwa banja ndi ukwati, mapulogalamu akukwaniritsidwa kuti alimbikitse" ufulu "wa gulu la LGBT, kufalitsa malingaliro azachikazi ... chikumbumtima. Zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu oterewa ndi zinthu zabwino kuzipusitsa, makamaka ngati ali ndi iPhone yolumikizidwa ndi netiweki. "

Zabwino zonse, gulu la Science for Truth

Mabuku

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3. Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Kodi Mapologalamu Ochokera Kusukulu Amaletsa HIV ndi Matenda Ena Opatsirana Pogonana Kwa Achinyamata? Kuwunika Mwadongosolo ndi kusanthula kwa Meta. Prev Sci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
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12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. Callander D, Guy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; Mgwirizano wa ACCESS. Gonorrhea yapita koopsa: kuchuluka kwa chinzonono komanso ziwopsezo zomwe zimayenderana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha omwe amapita kuzipatala zaku Australia zogonana. Thanzi Lakugonana. 2019 Sep; 16 (5): 457-463. doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. PMID: 30409244.
14. Mercer CH, Fenton KA, Copas AJ, Wellings K, Erens B, McManus S, Nanchahal K, Macdowall W, Johnson AM. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa maubwenzi ndi machitidwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku Britain 1990-2000: umboni wochokera kufukufuku wapadziko lonse. Edzi. 2004 Jul 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. PMID: 15199322.
15. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2019/07/03/one-five-young-people-identify-gay-lesbian-or-bise
16. Fairley CK, Prestage G, Bernstein K, Mayer K, Gilbert M. 2020, matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi HIV mwa amuna okhaokha, amuna okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna. Thanzi labwino. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
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19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Yankho 1 kwa Senator Pavlova M.N.

Ndidayenera kulembanso pempho lachiwiri kuti musalembetse.

Yankho lomwe lalandira la 04.03.2021/09/3929 No. 2021-05-XNUMX-XNUMX, ku pempho la gulu "Sayansi ya Choonadi", wotumizidwa ndi Senator wa Russian Federation Pavlova Margarita Nikolaevna, adandipangitsa kuti ndisamaganize za luso la Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky, komanso za luso la Rospotrebnadzor mwa munthu wa Irina Viktorovna Bragina, yemwe yankho lake linandidabwitsa ine monga kusasamala mu kapangidwe (yankho lili ndi mutu wakuti "Poyesa kuyesa kuyambitsa maphunziro a digito"), komanso kusagwirizana kwa mfundo zochokera ku lipoti la European Center for Disease Control. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukangana, magwero, malingaliro ophunzirira mapangano apadziko lonse a Russian Federation mu pempho la "Sayansi ya Choonadi" ananyalanyazidwa.

Rospotrebnadzor akuyitanidwa kuti ateteze moyo waumunthu, ndipo ngati anthu omwe sadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi sayansi ndi ziwerengero zamagulu akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, ubwino uli pangozi yoonekeratu, yomwe ingaganizidwe ndi Boma la Russian Federation. ndi ziganizo zoyenera za bungwe.

Malinga ndi lamulo la Rospotrebnadzor, "Mtsogoleri wa Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare ali ndi udindo wokwaniritsa ntchito zomwe wapatsidwa ku Utumiki. Mtsogoleri wa Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare ali ndi nduna zosankhidwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi Boma la Russian Federation pamalingaliro a mutu wa Utumiki.

Tiyeni tione zolakwika zina mu yankho la Irina Viktorovna

Kodi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala njira yofala kwambiri yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV?

Kunena kuti njira yofala kwambiri yopatsira kachilombo ka HIV yakhala yogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, anafunsa m'chikalata chotchulidwa kwambiri ndi Irina Viktorovna (kuwunika kwa HIV / AIDS ku Europe 2020: data ya 2019), yomwe imati deta yokhudza amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "iyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala", chifukwa "Kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika kum'mawa kwa Chigawochi adapeza kuti zambiri zokhudzana ndi njira zopatsirana zitha kukhala ndi zolakwika, chifukwa. Odwala ambiri omwe amanenedwa kuti ali ndi matenda ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena, mwa amuna, kugonana pakati pa amuna.". Izi zikuzindikiridwanso ndi AIDS Center [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] ndi akatswiri ena omwe amaumirira kufunika kopewa kachirombo ka HIV m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, omwe ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna, omwe amakhalabe atsogoleri ofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV mu EU / EEA.

Mapeto osamveka okhudza ubale pakati pa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha HIV ndi maphunziro a kugonana

Pogwira mawu "kuwunika kwa HIV/AIDS ku Europe 2020: data ya 2019" Irina Viktorovna akuwonetsa kuti ku France chiwerengero cha HIV ndi 2 nthawi zambiri kuposa ku Germany, pomwe akuchita. mwachisawawa mapeto okhudza mgwirizano pakati pa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha HIV ndi maphunziro a kugonana m'mabungwe a maphunziro, zomwe ziri zovomerezeka ku Germany. Komanso, Irina Viktorovna akulemba za kufunika kuwonjezera mapulogalamu maphunziro mu Russia. Izi ndizopanda umboni, chifukwa chikalata chomwe chanenedwacho sichikunena choncho ndipo sichitchulanso mapulogalamu a maphunziro a kugonana. Irina Viktorovna amasiya zambiri zomwe mu 2019, poyerekeza ndi 2018, ku Germany kuchuluka Chiwerengero cha HIV kuchokera pa 3,5 mpaka 3,7 pa 100 anthu. A ku France, kumene "kuwunikira zakugonana" sikufunikira - kuchepa. Ku Estonia, kumene maphunziro a kugonana ndi ovomerezeka, chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV ndi chachikulu kuposa chiwerengero cha Germany ndi France pamodzi. Kuonjezera apo, ku Germany, komanso ku US ndi ku Ulaya, chiwerengero cha matenda opatsirana pogonana chikuwonjezeka, ngakhale kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa maphunziro a maphunziro a kugonana, zomwe zimasonyeza zifukwa zina za kuchepa kwa kachilombo ka HIV. Ku Germany, pakati pa 2010 ndi 2017, chiwerengero cha chindoko chinawonjezeka ndi 83% kufika pa milandu 9,1 pa anthu 100.

Lipoti la ku Ulaya, pofotokoza njira zothanirana ndi mliri wa HIV, likunena kuti ziyenera kuzikidwa pa umboni wa sayansi (deta ya sayansi yotsimikizira kuti "maphunziro ogonana" - ayi) ndi mndandanda wa miyeso yomwe imaphatikizapo kufufuza, kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, chidziwitso cha mnzanu, chisanachitike. -exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kufikira magulu akuluakulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo [ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, osokoneza bongo]. Lipotilo silinena zonena za kufunika kophunzitsidwa za kugonana kwa ana m'masukulu, chifukwa chakuti matenda ambiri amapezeka kunja kwa sukulu ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 37. Chifukwa chake, zomwe Irina Viktorovna akunena za chikalata cha WHO ndikuyesa kudandaula kwa olamulira abodza (argumentum ad verecundiam), ndipo yankho lake, lomwe silinakhazikitsidwe pazomwe zalembedwa pachikalatacho, cholinga chake ndikusocheretsa senator wa Russian Federation.

Ana a ku Russia, ngakhale opanda "maphunziro a kugonana", amalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha dongosolo la ubereki mu maphunziro a biology, ndipo amadziŵana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi njira zopewera matenda awo mokwanira komanso zofunikira pa maphunziro a chitetezo cha moyo. Lipoti la FBUN la Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor limati "Chiwerengero cha achinyamata ndi achinyamata chinatsika mu 2020 mpaka 0,9%; Anatenga 2000 peresenti ya odwala atsopano a HIV mu 24,7 ndi 2010% mu 2,2.. Ku Russia, mu 1996, kuyesa kunachitika maphunziro a mayesero pa maphunziro a kugonana, pamene panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Mbiri imadzibwereza yokha

Mu 2006, mu Yekaterinburg, makolo 6 anafuna kuti asiye "kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi", umene unayambitsidwa ndi methodological center "Kholis", mothandizidwa ndi United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Kusakhutira kwa makolowo kudalimbikitsidwa ndi kuwunika koyipa kwambiri kwa Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, Academy of Civil Service pansi pa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation ndi National Scientific Center for Narcology ya Roszdrav. Zinkawoneka kuti funso la "maphunziro a kugonana" potsiriza linatsekedwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu, koma funsoli linadzutsidwa kuchokera kumene iwo sankayembekezera - kuchokera ku Rospotrebnadzor.

Ndime 9.6 ya malamulo aukhondo ndi epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 otchulidwa mu yankho amalola kulamula malangizo opanda maziko sayansi ku gawo la maphunziro, amene akhoza kukhala vuto la chitetezo cha dziko ndi kutsutsana ndi zolinga za chitukuko cha Russian Federation - kupulumutsa. anthu, popeza maphunziro maphunziro kugonana akulimbikitsidwa monga mbali ya njira kuchepetsa chonde.

Njira zogwira mtima zochepetsera kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana kungakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilango zaupandu zolimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuledzera, kuledzera kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe (kugonana kumatako), kusabereka; kuchepetsa kugawidwa kwa zolaula ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza ana omwe ali ndi moyo woopsa. Kugwira ntchito ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Kutenga nawo gawo pakuletsa zidziwitso zovulaza ndi Rospotrebnadzor sikuthandiza, zida zimapezeka pamasamba ochezera, malo ochitira mavidiyo, masitolo ogulitsa mabuku, sinema ndi kanema wawayilesi.

Timakakamizika kunyoza anzathu a ku Russia chifukwa cha kungokhala chete (m'mabuku a sayansi), omwe angafanane ndi kusakhulupirika, chifukwa amamvetsa kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumadalira zochitika za sayansi, makamaka m'madera a psychiatry ndi psychology, kumene, kukakamizidwa kuchokera kwa omenyera ufulu wa LGBT pa asayansi, zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zimadziwika kuti ndizokhazikika komanso zimalimbikitsidwa ngati zachilendo: choyamba kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kenako transsexualism ndi sadomasochism ndi pedophilia, zomwe sizimayambitsa nkhawa kwa wodwalayo. Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Mu pempho la gulu la "Sayansi ya Choonadi", lomwe linathandizidwa ndi anthu oposa 40, likufuna kuthandiza asayansi pa ntchito yovutayi - kusunga ulamuliro wa sayansi wa Russia: "Perekani mwayi kwa asayansi aku Russia kuti afotokoze momwe amaonera sayansi popanda kuopa ntchito ndi malipiro awo. Gawo la bonasi lamalipiro a asayansi limatengera ntchito yofalitsa. Pansi pa "zolondola pazandale" komanso kuwunika, zofalitsa zaku Western ndi Russia zomwe zili ndi vuto lalikulu sizimasindikiza ntchito zomwe zimatsutsana ndi mfundo ya depathologization of depopulation behaviation (propaganda za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, transsexualism ndi kupatuka kwina kwa psychosexual), zomwe zimayika zomwe sizinachitikepo. kukakamizidwa pa kuwonetsera kwaulere kwa malo asayansi. Asayansi amachita mantha poyera ndi ulamuliro wankhanza pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.” [https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/].

Mwa munthu wa Rospotrebnadzor, anthu angafune kuwona wothandizana nawo, osati ogwirizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe akuyesera kuyambitsa njira zowononga ana a ku Russia.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna bwerezaninso apilo omwe adatumizidwa kale, ndi pempho loti atengere mozama kwambiri, ndi chidwi chatsatanetsatane ndi magwero, zomwe akufuna kuchita..

Yankho 2 kwa Senator Pavlova M.N.

Popova A.Yu.

Gulu "Sayansi ya Choonadi" kudzera kwa Senator Margarita Nikolaevna Pavlova kutumiza pempho kwa mutu wa Rospotrebnadzor Anna Yuryevna Popova mogwirizana ndi mawu a Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky ponena za "kufunika kwa maphunziro a kugonana m'masukulu".

Pambuyo pa yankho loyamba, lomwe linasocheretsa senema, chifukwa chodera nkhawa mbiri ya Rospotrebnadzor, pempho lachiwiri linatumizidwa kusonyeza zofooka za kutsutsana kwa yankho.

Yankho A.Yu. Popova adadabwa kwambiri ndi yankho la wachiwiri wake. Zopempha zonse 6 za apilo sizinanyalanyazidwe.

A.Yu. Popova, m'malo mwa Rospotrebnadzor, adayankhanso kachiwiri, momwe amayeseranso kusocheretsa Senator M.N. Pavlov ndi multinational Russian Society. Mwina popanda ngakhale kuganiza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zosagwirizana ndi sayansi za maphunziro a kugonana, zomwe ziri zachilendo ku makhalidwe a anthu a dziko lathu, zingayambitse mavuto amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

"Maphunziro ogonana" akulimbikitsidwa ngati gawo la "kuthetsa mavuto a kuchulukana kwa anthu", zomwe zimatsutsana mwachindunji ndi ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya Russian Federation kuti awonjezere chiwerengero cha kubadwa.

Mikangano yonse ndi magwero a pempho lathu lobwerezabwereza ku Rospotrebnadzor sananyalanyazidwe. Pempho lachitatu liyenera kulembedwa ku mautumiki apadera, Boma ndi mabungwe azamalamulo.

A.Yu. Popova, ngakhale deta ya sayansi pa kuvulaza kapena zopanda pake za "maphunziro ogonana", ngakhale kuti kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a LGBT m'mayiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "maphunziro a kugonana", mosiyana ndi lipoti la ku Ulaya lomwe limalimbikitsa njira zowonetsera umboni. m'magulu owopsa (kuwunika, kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, kudziwitsa anzawo, pre-exposure prophylaxis kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, okonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo), zopanda nzeru Ananena kuti: "Maphunziro ndi amodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri pokonzekera ntchito yopewera HIV/AIDS pakati pa achinyamata ndi achinyamata". Ngakhale kunyalanyaza izo kwathunthu Kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka pakatikati pa zaka 37. Kalata ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russian Federation ya pa Marichi 22, 2018 N 15-3/10/2-1811 "Pazochitika za kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana" imati: “Matenda a kachirombo ka HIV mwa ana amakhala makamaka chifukwa cha kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana”.

M'malo yankho la zimene sayansi ndi ziwerengero deta V.V. Pokrovsky adanenapo za kufunika kwa "maphunziro a kugonana", A. Yu. Popova adanena kuti Kwa zaka zoposa 35 wakhala akugwira ntchito mwaukadaulo pavuto loletsa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV ku Russia komanso, zochokera pa zaka zambiri, ikufotokoza kufunika kophunzitsidwa mwadongosolo za kapewedwe ka HIV m'masukulu ophunzirira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, sikunatchulidwe mmene bwino akatswiri ntchito Vadim Pokrovsky zinachititsa kuti vuto la epidemiological.

Funso ndilakuti, kuyambira liti zomwe zinachitikira V.V. Pokrovsky, osati mapepala asayansi ndi maphunziro ofalitsidwa, adakhala umboni wa kufunikira kochitapo kanthu pa moyo wa kugonana kwa achinyamata? Zaka zambiri zazaka zambiri sizinena kanthu za mphamvu zake ndipo sizikutsimikiziridwa umboni wa kufunikira kwa "maphunziro ogonana".

M’malo molimbikitsa “maphunziro a kugonana” kwa ana, V.V. Pokrovsky ayenera kuti adalimbikitsa njira zothandizira kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha MSM ndi khalidwe lachiwopsezo. Njira zochepetsera kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana zingaphatikizepo kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilango zolimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, uchidakwa, uhule, kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugonana kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe (kugonana kumatako), kusabereka; kuchepetsa kugawidwa kwa zolaula ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza ana omwe ali ndi moyo woopsa. Gwirani ntchito ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM), mahule, okonda mankhwala osokoneza bongo).

Tinkayembekeza kuti Rospotrebnadzor adzatenga nawo mbali pophunzira zotsatira za "maphunziro a kugonana" ndi njira zina zochepetsera kubadwa zomwe bungwe la UN limalimbikitsa, zotsatira zake pa thanzi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, komanso fufuzani mapangano apadziko lonse a Russian Federation kuti azitsatira. ndi njira zachitukuko cha Russia.

Pamaso pa Rospotrebnadzor, anthu angafune kuwona wothandizana nawo, osati ogwirizana ndi ogwirizana, omwe akuyesera kuyambitsa njira zachinyengo za ana a ku Russia pamalingaliro a Komiti ya UN (CEDAW), yomwe imafuna kuti Russia iwononge makhalidwe achikhalidwe. kuphatikiza pakati pa anthu azipembedzo, chiyambi cha "maphunziro a kugonana", kuthetsedwa kwa kuletsa kuchotsa mimba ndi kuvomereza uhule mwalamulo, mwa zina mothandizidwa ndi nthumwi zakunja.

Rospotrebnadzor akuyitanidwa kuti ateteze moyo waumunthu, ndipo ngati anthu omwe sadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi sayansi ndi ziwerengero zamagulu akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, ubwino uli pangozi yoonekeratu, yomwe ingaganizidwe ndi Boma la Russian Federation. ndi ziganizo zoyenera za bungwe.

PS
Pa pempho (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) kutumizidwa ndi wothandizira kwa wachiwiri kwa State Duma ya Russian Federation, katswiri wokhazikika ndi wokamba nkhani wa 2 WG pa maphunziro, kulera ndi chitukuko chokwanira cha ana a Public Council pansi pa Commissioner for Children's Rights pansi pa Purezidenti wa Russian Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor sanayankhebe.

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Zogonana "maphunziro" m'masukulu - ukadaulo wa anthu