Lipotili ndikuwunikanso mozama umboni wasayansi womwe umatsutsa nthano ndi mawu omwe amafalitsidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT* omwe amati kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikwachilendo, kwachilengedwe, kwachibadwa komanso kosasinthika. Ntchitoyi si "yotsutsana ndi anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" (monga momwe omvera anganenere dichotomy wabodza), koma kwa iwo, popeza likuyang'ana pamavuto amtundu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe awabisalira komanso kusunga ufulu wawo, makamaka ufulu wopeza chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza matenda awo komanso zoopsa zokhudzana ndiumoyo, ufulu wokhala ndi chisankho komanso ufulu kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kuti muchotse kuchokera pamenepa, ngati akufuna.

Zamkatimu

1) Kodi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaimira 10% ya anthu? 
2) Kodi pali "amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" mu ufumu wa nyama? 
3) Kodi zokopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zimabadwa? 
4) Kodi kukopeka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kungathetsedwe? 
5) Kodi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumagwirizana ndi zoopsa zaumoyo? 
6) Kodi kudana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi phobia? 
7) "Homophobia" - "kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha"? 
8) Kodi ma driver omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi pedophilia (drive ya ana) amagwirizana? 
9) Kodi ufulu wama gay umaphwanyidwa? 
10) Kodi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumagwirizana ndi chiwerewere? 
11) Kodi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunali ponse ponse ku Greece? 
12) Kodi pali zowopsa zilizonse kwa ana omwe amaleredwa m'mabanja omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha? 
13) Kodi "kuchitika" kwa kukopeka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi chowonadi chotsimikiziridwa mwasayansi? 
14) Kodi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikunatengedwe mndandanda wazolakwika zachiwerewere ndi mgwirizano wasayansi? 
15) Kodi "sayansi yamakono" siyichita tsankho pankhani yogonana?

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Nenani za cholinga

M'zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri amalingaliro ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT * awonjezera kwambiri ntchito zawo (ku Russia komanso padziko lonse lapansi), kulimbikitsa kuti, kuchokera pamalingaliro amakhalidwe abwino, physiology ndi malamulo, maubwenzi okondana komanso kugonana pakati pa anthu amitundu yonse. amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaonedwa kuti ndi ofanana kwambiri (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale apamwamba) maubwenzi apakati pa amuna ndi akazi osiyana. Ubale pakati pa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso, monga chiwonetsero chawo chachikulu - kulengedwa kwa banja ndi kubadwa kwa moyo watsopano, zimachokera ku mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe-mitundu, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, maganizo ndi zamoyo. Komabe, zikhalidwezi zimatsutsidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT*, omwe amafuna kuganiziridwanso kwa lingaliro lachizoloŵezi kapena ngakhale kuthetsedwa kwa chikhalidwe cha kugonana ndi maukwati kuti athe kuvomereza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Muzochita zawo, omenyera ufuluwa nthawi zambiri amapereka mikangano yambiri yomwe imasandulika mawu omveka, omwe amatsutsa otsutsa za kusintha komwe akufuna. Mikangano yoteroyo ikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, “munthu wakhumi aliyense ndi gay,” “magay amabadwa,” “chizoloŵezi cha munthu sichingasinthidwe,” “kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumachitika pakati pa mitundu 1500 ya nyama,” ndi zina zotero. za mawu omwe agwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi omenyera ufuluwa.

Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikufalitsa zambiri zomwe zikuchepa kwambiri chifukwa cha ndale zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi sikutanthauza kuti anthu azichita zachiwawa; ife, Olembawo kwathunthu amatsutsa kuponderezedwa mwankhanza ndi malingaliro ndi zochitika zosaloledwa kofanana momwe timatsutsa mabodza, kuwonetsa zowona ndi kusalolera malingaliro a anthu ena.

Kufulumira kwavuto

Funso lomwe lingaliro la anthu asayansi, atolankhani, ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, tawuni yakumayendedwe osapatsa kubereka kwakukondweretsa ndiyovuta. Mwachitsanzo, kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumawoneka ngati kusintha kosasintha kwa nyengo kuchokera ku 1987 ya chaka malinga ndi gulu la American Psychiatric Association (APA) (DSM-III-R 1987), koma amaonedwa kuti ndi paraphilia (kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) malinga ndi gulu la Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CCMD 2001) Kukopa kwa anthu akhanda (pedophilia) kumawerengedwa ngati chinthu wamba malinga ndi APA (DSM-V 2013), molingana ndi lingaliro la "kuphwanya malingaliro azakugonana", lopangidwa ndi lingaliro la APA mchaka cha 1973 (Drescher 2015) Wolemba nkhani wa Harvard School of Mental Health, pedophilia amatchedwa "oriental" (Harvard Mental School 2010) Kukambirana kotseguka pakuphatikizidwa kwa chidwi chogonana ndi nyama zomwe zili m'gulu la "zojambula"Miletski 2017, komanso kuthetseratu lingaliro la paraphilia (chisokonezo chakugonana) motere (Bering2015, ch. 5). Kuvuta kwa vutoli kumayambikanso chifukwa chamagulu ambiri andale: pali mayendedwe achitetezo pofuna kuteteza zofuna za anthu omwe akufuna kuzindikira zosagonana zomwe zimakopa kugonana, mwachitsanzo, "ILGA»,«Nambla»,«B4U-Act»,«Zeta-verein»,«Kugonana-chinthu"Ndi ena

Komabe, zowonadi, mabungwe omwe amayimira gulu logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mkati mwa gulu la "LGBT +" adapeza chikoka chachikulu.

Njira za kayendetsedwe ka "LGBT +" zimakhala ndi mfundo yakuti, kumbali imodzi, chidziwitso chabwino chokha chimafalitsidwa chokhudza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo kumbali ina, chidziwitso chilichonse chovuta chimachepetsedwa ndikuponderezedwa. M'magulu asayansi ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, chithunzi china, chabwino chokha cha khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha chapangidwa ndipo chikupitiriza kupangidwa.

Richard Horton, mkonzi wamkulu wa nyuzipepala yasayansi The Lancet, wafotokoza zakhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi:

"... Zambiri mwasayansi, mwina theka, sizingangowonetsa zenizeni. Wotenthedwa ndi maphunziro omwe ali ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono, zosakwanira, kuwunika kosakwanira, komanso mikangano yowonekera, komanso chidwi cha mafashoni ofunikira, sayansi yatembenukira kumdima ... Kukula kofala kwa kafukufuku wosavomerezeka wa asayansi ndiwowopsa ... zimamveka bwino, asayansi nthawi zambiri amasintha zidziwitso ku chithunzi chawo cha dziko lapansi kapena amasintha malingaliro awo pazambiri zawo ... Kufunafuna kwathu "kufunikira" kumawononga zolemba zasayansi ndi nthano zambiri zowerengera ... Mayunivesite amatenga nawo mbali pakulimbana kwanthawi zonse kwa ndalama ndi talente ... Ndipo asayansi payokha, kuphatikiza awo apamwamba kwambiri utsogoleri, samasintha pang'ono chikhalidwe cha anthu ofufuza, omwe nthawi zina amakhala oyipa ... "(Horton xnumx).

Wolemba wamkulu wakale wa The New England Journal of Medicine, a Marcia Angell, adagawana nawo maulosi:

"... Ndizosatheka kungokhulupirira mayeso azachipatala kapena kudalira malingaliro a madotolo odalirika kapena zolemba zodziwika bwino zamankhwala. Sindikusangalala ndi izi, zomwe ndinayamba kuchita pang'onopang'ono zaka 20 nditakhala mkonzi ... "(Angell xnumx).

Woyambitsa zachiwonetsero ku America komanso wolemba yemwe sanabise zomwe amakonda, amafesa a Camilla Paglia m'buku la "Vamps And Tramp" lotchulidwa mu 1994:

"... Pazaka khumi zapitazi, izi zayamba kulamulidwa: njira yasayansi yodziwikiratu ndiyosatheka pomwe nkhani zomveka zimayang'aniridwa ndi oyimilira mphepo yamkuntho, pankhaniyi omenyera ufulu wa amuna okhaokha, omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chodzinenera amati ali ndi chowonadi chonse ... Tiyenera kudziwa za kusakanikirana komwe kungakhale koopsa pachitetezo cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. ndi sayansi yomwe imapanga mabodza ambiri kuposa chowonadi. Asayansi achiwerewere ayenera kukhala asayansi oyamba, kenako gay ... "(Paglia 1994).

Kafukufuku C. Martin akuti kuunikira kopanda tanthauzo kumakhala mu sayansi yamakono ku USA:

"... Izi zikusokoneza sayansi pazifukwa zingapo ... kuyang'anira ntchito zofufuza kumachitika: akatswiri pa chikhalidwe samakhazikitsidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito komanso mfundo zosatsutsika ... zanyalanyazidwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malingaliro osasinthika akuwonetsedwa bwino komanso owolowa manja ... amabisa mfundo zomwe sizigwirizana ndi ufulu wopanga maubwenzi ... "(Martin 2016).

Sizikunena kuti kufalikira kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro m'gulu la asayansi kumapangitsa sayansi ndikutanthauzira kwa chidziwitso cha sayansi pagulu. Izi zimafunika ntchito zofunikira mwachangu.

Chidule

Kodi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akuimira 10% ya anthu?

(1) Kafukufuku ku United States, Britain, Canada, ndi kwina kulikonse, omwe amafotokoza za anthu osachepera masauzande angapo, akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amadzitcha 1% -2%.
(2) Kusindikiza kwa katswiri wazomangamanga Alfred Kinsey, yemwe nthawi zina amatchulidwa kuti mawu a 10 a% ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ali ndi zolakwika zoyenera kuchita komanso zoyenera.
(3) Anthu ena otchuka m'magulu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akutsimikizira kuti achulukitsa kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho pofuna kufalitsa mabodza.
(4) Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zochuluka mwa anthu sikunena chilichonse chazokhudza chikhalidwe kapena thupi.

Kodi anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amapezeka munyama?

(1) Mkangano wa omenyera ufulu wa LGBT+, kutengera momwe amaonera kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakati pa nyama, sizothandiza. Zochitika zosakhalitsa za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakati pa zinyama sizifanana ndi kukopeka ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kudzizindikiritsa okha mwa anthu.
(2) Kutanthauzira kwa chikhalidwe cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuwunikira njira zamankhwala, chikhalidwe ndi malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kukondweretsedwa, ndikungokhala chete pakuwona mitundu ina yamakhalidwe osabereka, omwe kuchokera ku lingaliro la anthropomorphic angatanthauzidwe ngati pedophilia, kugona, kugona ndi zina.
(3) Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafotokoza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosabereka, kuphatikiza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Izi zimafunikira kufufuza kowonjezereka, koma sizili kunja kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Kodi kukopeka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi chilengedwe?

(1) "Matupi oyerekeza amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" sakudziwika; sakudziwika ndi aliyense.
(2) Maphunziro omwe amalemba mawu oti "chibadwidwe chamunthu amene amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ali ndi njira zingapo zolakwika komanso zotsutsana, ndipo satilora kuti tipeze malingaliro osatsutsika.
(3) Ngakhale maphunziro omwe alipo omwe atchulidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT + samalankhula za kutsimikiza kwa chibadwa cha zikhumbo zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma, zabwino kwambiri, za chikoka chovuta chomwe chibadwa chimapangitsa kuti chidziwike, kuphatikiza ndi chilengedwe. , kulera, etc.
(4) Anthu ena odziwika pakati pa gulu la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuphatikizapo akatswiri, amatsutsa zonena zamakonzedwe achibadwa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo akuti zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chisankho chodziwidwa.

Kodi kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kungathetsedwe?

(1) Pali maziko olimba a umboni wamphamvu ndi zamankhwala kuti kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kungathetsedwe.
(Xnumx) Chofunikira chothandizira pakuwongolera kwachiritsidwenso ndikuchitapo kanthu kwa wodwala komanso kufunitsitsa kusintha.
(Xnumx) Nthawi zambiri, kukopeka ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komwe kumatha kutha msambo, kumatha popanda womvera.

Kodi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumagwirizana ndi ngozi zaumoyo?

(1) Kugwiritsira ntchito matumbo athu ngati ziwalo kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chathanzi ndimunthu wopatsirana komanso wowopsa.
(2) Pakati pa anthu omwe akukhala ndi moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ndi akazi, pali ziwopsezo zochulukirapo za matenda osiyanasiyana, onse opatsirana (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, ndi zina), komanso opaleshoni, komanso matenda amisala.

Kodi kudana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi phobia?

(1) Maganizo otsutsa pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha samakwaniritsa njira yozindikira ya phobia monga lingaliro la psychopathological. Palibe lingaliro loti "Homophobia", ndi mawu andale.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "homophobia" pantchito zasayansi kutanthauza chiwonetsero chonse chazovuta zogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sizolondola. Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "Homophobia" kukutsutsa pakati pa malingaliro osatsutsika pakati pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kutengera zikhulupiriro ndi njira zowonetsera ukali, kusintha malingaliro oyanjana ndikuyamba kuchita nkhanza.
(3) Ofufuza akuwona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kugwirira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ndi njira yotsutsa yomwe anthu omwe sakhulupirira kuti moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha uli ponseponse, koma omwe sakhala ndi chidani kapena mantha osagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
(4) Kuphatikiza pa zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo, malingaliro ovuta pa zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amawoneka kuti ndi otengera chitetezo chamthupi - machitidwe omwe adachitika pakubwera kwa kusintha kwaumunthu kuti atsimikizire bwino kwambiri ukhondo komanso kubereka bwino.

"Homophobia" - "kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha"?

(1) Kafukufuku sagwirizana ndi psychoanalytic hypothesis yokhala ndi malingaliro oyipa a anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
(2) Maganizo ovuta a anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakuwonetsera zochitika zogonana amuna okhaokha akufotokozedwa ndi mabungwe onse oyambira (chitetezo chamthupi) ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kukopa kukhala ngati.

Kodi ma driver omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi pedophilia (drive ya ana)?

Kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi magulu omwe amakhala akugonana mosiyanasiyana.
(1) Gulu lofuna kuchepetsa ndi kuthetseratu zaka zovomerezeka (kuchita zachiwerewere) lidabadwa ngati gawo lofunikira pamagulu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo mabungwe omwe amafunitsitsa kuthetsa zaka zavomerezo ndikuchotsa chidwi chawo kwa ana adalengedwa ndikumatsogolera amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
(2) M'magulu asayansi, nkhani yochepetsera zaka zovomerezeka ndikuchotsa chilakolako chogonana ndi ana nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa mkati mwa kayendetsedwe ka "LGBT +".
(3) Mwa gawo lalikulu la amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zaka zomwe amakonda ndi zachinyamata kwa anyamata ndi anyamata zimadziwika.
(4) Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha muubwana kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuyendetsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
(5) Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza zomwe zimachitika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi okhaokha mpaka kuchuluka kwa omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndiochulukirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakopeka ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.

Kodi ufulu wama gay umaphwanyidwa?

(1) Njira zoyambira ndi kumvetsetsa kwachikhalidwe monga banja ndi mgwirizano wa mwamuna ndi mkazi samatengera ubale wamtunduwu ndi ana, nyama, zinthu zopanda moyo, ukwati kuchokera kwa okwatirana, banja pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi mitundu ina yamalingaliro amtsogolo.
(2) Aliyense amene amadziona kuti ndi wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso / kapena amene amachita zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi ufulu ndi zoletsa zomwe munthu yemwe samadziona kuti ndi wosagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo samaloledwa.
(3) Omenyera ufulu wa "LGBT +" safuna kuti iwonjezedwe kwa malamulo otere omwe amati sangafikire kwa iwo (m'malo mwake, amawapeza), koma kukwezedwa kuudindo wowonjezera walamulo. zochita zozikidwa pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zimafuna kusintha tanthauzo ndi ntchito za chikhalidwe chaukwati.
(4) Olimbikitsa ena a gulu la "LGBT+" amalengeza poyera kuti cholinga chachikulu cha kuwunikiranso kwaukwati sikufuna "ufulu wofanana", koma kuthetsa ukwati ngati gawo lokhazikitsa anthu.

Kodi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumagwirizana ndi chiwerewere?

(1) M'mabanja ogonana ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, makamaka amuna, pali gawo logonana kwambiri kuposa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
(2) Nthawi zambiri, maubwenzi omwe amagonana amuna okhaokha kapena akazi okhaokha ndi omwe amakhala ndi mabanja ofupikirapo kwambiri kuposa maukwati omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
(3) Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi "maukwati" amakhala ogonana "kotseguka" - amalola kugonana kunja kwa banja.
(4) Mibadwo ya ziwawa mu maubwenzi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, makamaka akazi, ndiochuluka kuposa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Kodi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunali kofala ku Greece?

(1) M'magiriki akale achigiriki, machitidwe ogonana ankachitika pakati pa akulu ndi ana, pakati pa anthu ndi nyama, pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma sizinali zofanananso ndi zibwenzi.
(2) Kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'njira yamakono - monga ubale wapakati pa anthu ofanana - makamaka amuna, adatsutsidwa kwambiri ndikulangidwa kwambiri ndi anthu ku Greece wakale.
(3) Pali malingaliro oyika maziko pazomwe zinachitika m'mbiri inayake komanso m'malo ena akale ku Greece osati za kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma za oyenda pansi (ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha), yomwe inali mbali yokhazikitsidwa ndi polera anyamata (kusankhana kokhazikika chifukwa cha dongosolo la anthu kapena zankhondo). Komabe, ochita kafukufuku ena amakhulupirira kuti ubale pakati pa mnyamatayo ndi wophunzirayo udali wokhwimitsa malamulo ndipo gawo loyenda panja silinayesedwe.

Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse kwa ana omwe amaleredwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha?

(1) Ana oleredwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka chofuna kukopeka ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kusagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kukhala ndi moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - zotsatirazi zidapezedwa ngakhale mu kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi olemba okhulupirika ku gulu la "LGBT +".
(2) Maphunziro otchulidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wa LGBT + ndi mabungwe ogwirizana (kuteteza zonena kuti palibe kusiyana pakati pa ana ochokera ku mabanja achikhalidwe ndi ana oleredwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) ali ndi zofooka zazikulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo zitsanzo zing'onozing'ono, njira zolembera anthu mokondera, nthawi zochepa zotsatila, kusowa kwa magulu olamulira, ndi kusankha kokondera kwa magulu olamulira.
(3) Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi zitsanzo zazikulu zoyimira ndi nthawi yayitali yowunikira akuwonetsa kuti, kuwonjezera pa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka chotengera moyo wamtunduwu, ana oleredwa ndi makolo ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi otsika kwa ana ochokera m'mabanja achikhalidwe m'njira zingapo.

Kodi "kuchitika" kwa kukopeka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi umboni wotsimikizira sayansi?

Monga chifukwa cha "kusasinthika" kwa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, akuti "kusintha" (kusinthasintha kapena kusinthasintha) ndikugwira ntchito pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi ofanana. Komabe, zawonetsedwa kuti "kusintha" ndi magwiridwe antchito sizikugwirizana kuti mudziwe ngati kupatuka kumagonana kumabweretsa vuto lam'mutu ndikumabweretsa malingaliro abodza. Ndizosatheka kunena kuti malingaliro samakhala osokera, chifukwa chikhalidwe chotere sichingatsogolera "kusinthika", kupsinjika kapena kusokonezeka pantchito, mwanjira zina zovuta zambiri zamaganizidwe ziyenera kutchulidwa molakwika ngati zochitika wamba. Zomwe zatchulidwa m'mabuku ogwidwa ndi ochirikiza zakugonana si umboni wa sayansi, ndipo kafukufuku wokayikitsa sangayesedwe ngati wodalirika.

Kodi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikunaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazolakwika zachiwerewere ndi mgwirizano wasayansi?

Voti yomwe bungwe la American Psychiatric Association lidachita mu Disembala 1973 yokhudza kuletsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuchokera pagulu la zovuta zam'mutu idachitika popanda kupereka kafukufuku wofunikira, popanda kuwunika koyenera komanso kuwunikira, popanda kukambirana kokwanira, mokakamizidwa kwambiri ndi mabungwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Lingaliro ili linali chizindikiro choyamba chakukula kwakanthawi kwa chiphunzitso cha "kulondola ndale."

Kodi "sayansi yamakono" siyichita tsankho pankhani yogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha?

Mawu monga "zomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zatsimikizika" kapena "zokopa za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sizingasinthidwe" zimayikidwa pafupipafupi pazochitika zamaphunziro asayansi komanso pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangidwa, mwa zina, kwa anthu osadziwa zasayansi. Munkhaniyi ndikuwonetsa kuti asayansi amakono amalamulidwa ndi anthu omwe amapereka malingaliro andale pazinthu zawo zasayansi, ndikupangitsa kuti asayansi azikondera. Malingaliro omwe akuyembekezeredwawa akuphatikizaponso ziganizo zandale zingapo, kuphatikiza zokhudzana ndi zomwe akuti. "Ogonana ochepa", kutanthauza kuti "kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndizosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi nyama", kuti "kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndizobadwa ndipo sikungasinthidwe", "jenda ndimakhalidwe ochezera omwe samangokhala pagulu", ndi zina zambiri. etc. Ndikuwonetsa kuti malingaliro otere m'magulu asayansi amakono Kumadzulo amawerengedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka, okhazikika komanso okhazikika, ngakhale umboni wosatsimikizika wa asayansi, pomwe malingaliro ena nthawi yomweyo amatchedwa "pseudoscientific" komanso "onyenga" ngakhale atakhala ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi kumbuyo kwawo. Zinthu zambiri zitha kutchulidwa ngati chifukwa cha kukondera uku - cholowa chambiri chazikhalidwe komanso mbiri yakale chomwe chidapangitsa kuti pakhale "zolemba zasayansi", mikangano yandale yayikulu yomwe idadzetsa chinyengo, "kutsatsa" kwa sayansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale chidwi, ndi zina zambiri. Kaya ndizotheka kupeŵa kukondera kwasayansi kumakhalabe kovuta. Komabe, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndizotheka kupanga zikhalidwe kuti zitheke bwino momwe sayansi ikuyendera.

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