ZOTHA: "Amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amapanga 10% ya anthu"

Siyani ndemanga

Zinthu zambiri pansipa zimasindikizidwa mu lipoti la kafukufuku. "Zosangalatsa za mayanjano ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha molingana ndi mfundo za sayansi". do:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

"1 wa 10 wa inu ndi m'modzi wa ife"

Chimodzi mwamalembo a gulu la "LGBT" ndichakuti anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi 10% - ndiye kuti chakhumi chilichonse. M'malo mwake, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono wochitidwa ku United States ndi mayiko a European Union (ndiye kuti, m'maiko omwe kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumathandizidwa ndikutetezedwa ndi zida zaboma), kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amadzizindikira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumasiyana kuyambira 1% mpaka 3 %.

Zotsatira:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Kodi mawu oti "10%", ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "LGBTKIAP +", kayendedwe ka media, akuwonetsa bizinesi ndi chikhalidwe, adachokera kuti?

Pakatikati pa nkhambakamwa pali mawu a katswiri wazam'madzi wa ku America, Alfred Kinsey, wopotozedwa ndi wosadziwika bwino, yemwe ku 1941, mothandizidwa ndi Rockefeller Foundation, adayamba kutolera zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wakugonana kwa anthu aku America. Mu 1948, Kinsey adasindikiza lipoti lotchedwa "Moyo Wogonana Wa Mwamuna Wachimuna '(Kinsey xnumx), pomwe mawu angapo "osangalatsa" adayala omwe adayala maziko a zomwe zimatchedwa "kukonzanso kugonana" ku America:

  • Kinsey adanenanso kuti chiwerewere komanso kupatuka kwachuma ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa nzika zaku America kuposa momwe iwonso amaganizira.Reisman xnumx, p. 2);
  • Kinsey adafotokozera chidwi chapadera chokopa kuchokera ku makulidwe a 7: kuchokera kwa okhawo omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuti azingotengera amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (Kinsey xnumx, p. 639, 651, 656). Pa mulingo uwu, mitengo yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri imakopa chidwi, motero zomwe zimawoneka ngati zopatuka zimafanana ndi zolimbitsa thupi (Kinsey xnumx, p. 639, 651, 656);
  • Kinsey adanenanso kuti kugonana pakati pa anyamata ndi abambo sikoyipa monga momwe mumaganizira kale (Marotta xnumx, p. 36);
  • muyeso wa Kinsey 8,% mwa omwe akuyankha amuna anati akugonana ndi nyama (Kinsey xnumx, p. 667);
    Pomaliza, mwa mtundu wa Kinsey, pafupifupi 10% ya amuna omwe adawunikiridwa adanena kuti "adachitapo zachiwerewere kwa zaka zitatu pakati pa 16 ndi 55," ndi 4% ya amuna adachita izi pamoyo wawo wonse (Kinsey xnumx, p. 65)

Kodi kuphunzira kwa Kinsey ndikokwanira ndipo zotsatira zake ndizowona? Akatswiri amaganiza ntchito za Alfred Kinsey kuchokera pamalingaliro awiri: kuchokera mwanjira ndi zoyenera.

Kinsey Njira Zolakwika

Popeza anthu wamba a 40's sanafune kunena tsatanetsatane wa moyo wawo wapamtima, Kinsey amayenera kufunafuna odzipereka pakati pa othamangitsidwa - mndende, ma dens, ma brothels, etc. Chifukwa chake, 25% ya anthu omwe ali pachiwonetsero cha Kinsey anali mwina omangidwa pakadali pano kapena omwe adakhalapo ndende zakale, ndipo 5% yazitsanzo anali mahule achimuna (Kinsey xnumx, p. 216). Kuphatikiza apo, panali mazana a zigawenga zochokera ku ma gay bar, ziphuphu, mbala, achifwamba, komanso ngakhale ma 9 pedophiles omwe ali patsamba. Ndi nkhani zawo zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati kugonana wamba komanso wamba kwa America wamba, pamaziko omwe gulu la "la ufulu" la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha lidapangidwa.

Mu 1954, komiti ya American Statistical Association, yomwe idaphatikizapo asayansi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: katswiri wa masamu a John Tukey ndi wolemba mawerengero a William Cochran, adatsimikiza kuti:

"Timalingalira kwambiri za zomwe Kinsey anena mawu olimbikitsa kwambiri opangidwa ndi olemba osadalira deta yomwe yaperekedwa mu lipotilo... Sizikufotokozedwa kuti ndi umboni wanji womwe zanenedwa izi ... Malingaliro omwe atengedwa kuchokera ku zomwe zafotokozedwa mu lipotilo adapangidwa ndi olemba modzidalira kwambiri ... Pamodzi, zodzudzulazi zikuwonetsa kuti lipotilo silikugwirizana ndi kufalitsa kwachilungamo kwa asayansi "(Cochran xnumx, p. 152).

Zomwe Kinsey adakwaniritsa zimachokera pazotsatira za kafukufuku wa gulu losankhidwa mwa anthu omwe amadziwana wina ndi mnzake, pomwe kafukufuku wazolondola ayenera kuchitika mu gulu losasankhika (i.e., osankhidwa mosasinthika). Makamaka, Tukey adati: «gulu losankhidwa mwamwayi anthu atatu akhoza kukhala oyimilira kuposa gulu la anthu mazana atatu a Kinsey» (New York Times 2000, p. A19).

William Cochran (woyamba kumanja), a John Tukey (pakati) komanso wolemba mbiri wotchuka wa Harvard a Frederick Mosteller pa nthawi yomwe ankawunika lipoti la Kinsey.

Katswiri wa zamaganizidwe a Abraham Maslow, yemwe adapanga piramidi yotchuka ya "Maslow's," adanenanso kuti Kinsey sanasamale za tsankho lomwe linakhudzidwa ndikuti deta idasonkhanitsidwa kokha kwa odzipereka omwe akufuna kutenga nawo mbali phunziroli, chifukwa cha chitsanzo cha Kinsey sichiri choyimira konse (Maslow xnumx, p. 259).

Izi ndi zomwe a Edmund Bergler komanso a gynecologist a William Kroger alemba za chikhumbo chotenga nawo gawo pa kafukufuku wa Kinsey pantchito yawo "Nthano ya Kinsey yokhudza kugonana kwa akazi: mfundo zachipatala":

"... Moyo wapamtima wa munthu wabwinobwino ndi nkhani yamwini, kotero lingaliro la Kinsey kuti odzipereka ake akunena zoona likufunsidwa. Anthu omwe nthawi zina onse amakamba zoona amakonda kusiya choonadi pankhani yogonana. Mkazi wamba wa nthawi imeneyo komanso chikhalidwe, poyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi kugonana, anganene kuti "Musataye mphuno yanu mu bizinesi yanu." Nthawi zambiri, moyo wogonana wachikazi umakhazikitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chaukwati, chikondi, ndi amayi, koma ntchito zofananira sizinatchulidwe mu lipoti la Kinsey.

Kutseguka kwa odzipereka pakufufuza kwa Kinsey kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha zolakalaka zawo zobisika zochokera ku ma neuroses azakugonana. Kuperewera kwa chidziwitso cha zamphamvu zamatsenga kunapangitsa Kinsey kusokera; sanamvetsetse kuti odzipereka ake anali okonzeka kuyankhula, chifukwa anali amanjenje. Adalandila mwayi wotsimikizira zakuphatikizika kwazomwe zimayambitsa kugonana ... "(Bergler 1954).

Bergler adatcha Kinsey kukula kwake zofananira, ndi malipoti ake «nthano zakuwerengera zochokera tsankho lomwe lidafotokozedwa kale» (Bergler 1956, p. 62).

Scale la Kinsey

Mchaka cha 2004, gulu lochita bungwe lotchedwa "American Legislative Exchange Council", lomwe limaphatikizira maloya, othandizira maboma azamalamulo ndi Congress, maseneta (pafupifupi akatswiri a 2400), atatha kafukufuku wazaka zisanu, adalengeza kuti "Ntchito ya Kinsey idakhazikika pamanambala abodza komanso ena kapena zosankha zamalamulo malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchitoyi sizikupezeka. ”(ALEC 2004).

"Njira ya Kinsey ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule ndi chitsanzo chophweka: tingoyerekeza kuti muganize kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo mumzinda omwe ali ndi anthu masauzande ambiri a 10. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufunsa onse khumi ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa omwe ali ndi zidakwa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kapenanso kupeza zitsanzo zomwe zingakhale zingaimire (zoimira), ndiye kuti zikuyimira anthu onse amzindawo: pazaka, kugonana, ntchito, malo okhalamo, ndi zina zambiri. Tiyeni tinene zitsanzo za anthu a 500, amuna a 250, azimayi a 250, magulu onse azaka, kuchokera m'chigawo chilichonse kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwake, etc. Komabe, mumazichita mosiyana. Ingoganizirani chipatala cha mumzinda wokhala ndi dipatimenti yolemba za poizoni. Mumagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa odwala pachipatalachi monga zitsanzo ndikuzindikira odwala omwe amathandizidwa m'dipatimenti ya toxology ngati ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali odwala 50 ku chipatala, omwe 5 ali mu dipatimenti ya toxology, mudzapeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi "mankhwala osokoneza bongo" mumzinda: 10%. Ngakhale zotsatira zanu zidzakhala 0,05% ya anthu akumatauni, sizowona kuti odwala onse omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi omwe ali osokoneza bongo. "

Kodi kafukufuku amawonetsa chiyani?

Kuyambira 1948, zotsatira za Kinsey sizinabwerezedwenso m'maphunziro ena akulu. Kufufuza koyenera mwamaimidwe koyendetsedwa ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi komwe kumakhudza anthu masauzande ambiri omwe ali ndi mayankho mmaiko omwe zigwirizano za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zimakondwera ndi chithandizo chonse cha boma sizinawonetse zakomwe zotsatira za Kinsey.

Dr. Neil Whitehead akuwonetsa mu ntchito yake kuwunikira kwa maphunziro opitilira 30 omwe adachitika m'maiko aku Western chaka cha 2010 chisanachitike (Whitehead 2018, p. 40). Zambiri sizidutsa 2.4%

Chithunzi 1 (Whitehead). Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa amuna omwe amadzidziwitsa okha kuti ndi "amuna gay", malinga ndi kafukufuku, ambiri omwe amapangidwa m'maiko Akuadzulo. Mapangidwe a kafukufuku pazithunzi 1 ndi 2.
Chithunzi 2 (Whitehead). Kuchulukana kwa azimayi omwe amadzidziwitsa okha kuti ndi "atsamunda," malinga ndi kafukufuku, ambiri mwa iwo ali ku maiko Akuadzulo.

Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa kafukufuku wamakono wa asayansi kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukonda kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikukambirana za omwe akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati anthu otere m'maphunziro amaperekedwa pantchito ya Dr. Sprigg ndi Daily (Sprigg 2004, p. 35 - 53).

Makhalidwe a Kinsey ntchito ndi moyo

Ofufuzawo amatenga tsatanetsatane wa zochitika za Kinsey. Sanangotenga zidziwitso zokha, komanso adazipanga, kujambula zolaula za ogwira nawo ntchito ndi abwenzi mu chipinda chake (Reisman xnumx, p. 73). Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri ya Kinsey James Jones: "Mukugwira ntchito ya Kinsey, mudagona ndi mkazi wake, ndipo ndi wanu, mokomera" sayansi, zoona " (Sutherland xnumx) Padzapezeka kuti anthu a ku Kinsey, ngakhale anali "odziwa zambiri", adapereka mayankho olakwika pazokhudza zina mwa njira zomwe "amapita patsogolo" mchitidwe wogonana, njira zoyeserera zinayikidwa kwa iwo (kudzudzula kwa "chinsinsi" ndi mphotho ya "kunena zoona"), ndi ngati izi sizinathandize, pomwepo dotoloyo adasintha mayankho, ndikupanga "zosinthika pakuwakana" (Jasper xnumx) Kinsey anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi "kugonana kwa ana": adagwirizana ndi ma pedophiles pokhapokha kuti asadziwike ndipo adalemba nawo mawu awo pa "orgasms" mwa anyamata a preubertal (kuyambira miyezi ya 5 mpaka zaka za 14). Masewera a Kinsey adatchulidwa motere: “Mikwingwirima ikuluikulu, kupsinjika, kubuma, kulira kapena kulimba kwamphamvu, nthawi zina misozi yambiri, kukomoka. Asanayambike kusewera, amatha kukondweretsa mnzake ndikuchita zachiwawa kuti asaike pachimake, ngakhale amasangalala mosakayikira ndi zomwe achitazo ”. Mu tebulo la 34 la ntchito yomwe tafotokozayi ya Kinsey (Kinsey xnumx, p. 180) ili ndi zonyansa zokhudzana ndi ana a 24, kuphatikiza mwana wazaka 4 wazaka za 24 "orgasms" m'ma 26.

Gawo la 34, lomwe limasankhidwa mu lipoti la Kinsey ngati "Zitsanzo za ma orgasms angapo mwa anyamata omwe ali ndi zaka, 5 miyezi. "Zaka za 14."

Mwa zina, monga gawo la "kampeni yophunzitsa" Kinsey adawonetsa makanema aana ndi zosefukira, ndikuwona zomwe amachita pazomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera (Gathorne-hardy xnumx, p. 347).

Kinsey (ataimirira kumanzere mu suti) panthawi ya chiwonetsero kwa ana azithunzi za kupukutira kwa ziwalo. Wolemba mbiri ya Hathorn-Hardy, akuwona kuti mawu omwe ali pamaso pa Kinsey ndi ana ena akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa (Reisman xnumx, p. 34).

Kinsey anali wothandizira maubwenzi "otseguka" muukwati, adagwirizana ngakhale ndi mkazi wake Clara McMillen kuti akhoza kubera anzawo ndi anthu ena; Kinsey, m'modzi mwa "anthu ena," anali ophunzira ake akale komanso olemba anzawo Clyde Martin ndi Wardell Pomeroy, ndipo Martin adakondana ndi mkazi wake (Baumgartner xnumx, p. 48; Lamulo la 2009; Jones 1997) Pambuyo pake, onse a Martin ndi Pomeroy nawonso adakhala akatswiri odziwika bwino pankhani zakugonana ku America. Kuwunikira kwatsatanetsatane kwa njira zamakhalidwe ndi zoyenera mu ntchito ya Kinsey kunapangidwa ndi wofufuza Judith Reisman, woimira anthu wamba waku America, adotolo komanso aphunzitsi azamalamulo ku University of Liberty ku Virginia; Zotsatira zakusaka zimafalitsidwa m'mabuku angapo (Reisman xnumx, 1998, 2006).

Zomwe oimira gulu la LGBT anena

Masiku ano, pamene kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhazikika kumayiko a azungu, ndipo kufotokozeredwa zabodza pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sasintha kalikonse pamakhalidwe awo apadera, atsogoleri ena a LGBT amavomereza kuti chithunzi cha "10%" chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinyengo cha ndale chifukwa chinali chosangalatsa kwambiri kunyalanyazidwa. A Tom Stoddard, wamkulu wa Lambda Legal Defensive Fund, bungwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku America, adanena mosabisa kanthu poyankhulana ndi magazini ya Newsweek American: "... tidagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengerochi kuti tiwonetse kuti ndife akulu ..." (Rogers P. Mulipo ma gay angati. Newsweek. 1993 Feb 15; 46). A Jill Harris, omwe amayankhulanso bungwe lina la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku America, Act-up, adanena za zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito manambala mu 10%: "Ndikuganiza kuti anthu nthawi zonse amadziwa kuti lingaliro" lililonse mwa khumi "linali kukokomeza, koma inali njira yabwino kukopa chidwi komanso kuwonetsa kuti tafika" (Jeremiah Mafilimu 1993).

Kodi ndikothekera kunena za momwe thupi liliri lachilengedwe chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu?

Ngakhale kuchuluka kocheperako kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komwe kumaonedwa pamwambapa: kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika sizikusonyeza "chibadwidwe" chake. Kuyambira pa chiyambi cha nthawi mpaka lero, nthawi zonse pamakhala zochitika zina zachiwawa pagulu, nthawi zina zochulukirapo, zina zochepa, koma kuchuluka kumeneku sikunakhalepo zero (FBI 2015; Harrendorf xnumx) M'malo mwake, umbanda umadziwika kuti ndi "chilengedwe" mwazonse. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti upandu ndi "chizolowezi" kwa munthu, kuti gulu liyenera kukana kulimbana nalo, popeza ndi "lachilengedwe"? Anthu ambiri amadwala chimfine nthawi zina pachaka, ndipo ziwerengero zimapangitsa kuti athe kulosera pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa matenda opumira (ndi kufalikira).Bariffi xnumx) Komabe, amakhalabe matenda. Kuchulukana kwa zovuta zamunthu kuyambira 6% mpaka 10,6% mwa anthu (Lenzenweger 2008) Mu 43% ya akazi ndi 31% ya abambo, vuto limodzi kapena lina limachitika: kukanika kwa erectile, hyposecretion ya tezi m'mimba, etc. (Laumann 1999). Mavuto a nkhawa, kukhumudwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimakhudza 17% mpaka 26% ya aku America (Kessler 1994) Komabe, kusunthika kwakukulu kwa mikhalidwe imeneyi mwa anthu sikuti ndi chifukwa choti awagawireko ngati malingaliro.

SUMMARY

• Kusindikiza kwa Kinsey, zotsatira zake zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mfundo yofuna kunena kuti 10% ya anthu omwe ali ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo, ndizolakwika;

• Kafukufuku wochitidwa kuyambira pomwe ntchito ya Kinsey idachitika ku United States, Britain, Canada ndi mayiko ena a azungu, zomwe zikusonyeza za anthu osachepera masauzande angapo, zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amadzizindikira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikufika pa 10%, m'maphunziro ambiri chisonyezo kuyambira osachepera 1% mpaka 3%;

• Anthu ena otchuka omwe ali mgululi kuti atchuke zokonda za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha atsimikizira kuti adachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe amafalitsa;

• Kuyang'anitsitsa chodabwitsa cha anthu sikunena chilichonse chazachilengedwe kapena chikhalidwe chake.

ZOCHITITSA ZAULEMERERO

Bungwe Lofufuzira Mabanja. Masewera a Mawerengero: Kodi Kuchepa Kwa Chiwerengero Cha Anthu Ndi Gani? Lipoti lapadera. Ulalo: http://www.familyresearchinst.org/2009/02/the-numbers-game-what-percentage-of-the-population-is-gay/ 

Whitehead NE, Whitehead BK. Chibadwa Changa Chinandipangitsa Kuti Ndichite! Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso umboni wasayansi. Whitehead Associates. 2016. Mutu II "Ziwerengero zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zimawonetsa kukula".

Sprigg P., Dailey T., ed. Kupeza Zowongoka: Zomwe Kafukufuku Akuwonetsa Zokhudza Kugonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha. Bungwe Lofufuza Mabanja, Washington 2004.

Reisman J. Kubedwa Ulemu Wobedwa Wopanda Mlandu: Momwe Amereka Anaperekedwa Ndi Mabodza ndi Zolakwa Zachigololo za "Wasayansi" Wamisala.; Wofalitsa Watsopano wa Revolution (2012).

Reisman J, Eichel EW. Kinsey, Kugonana ndi Chinyengo: Kuzindikira Kwa Anthu .; Huntington House; Lafayette, LA (1990). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Sex_and_Fraud.pdf 

Reisman J., et al. Kinsey: Zachiwawa & Zotsatira: Red Queen ndi Grand Scheme. Institute for Media Education; Crestwood, KY (1998). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Crimes_and_Consequences.pdf

Reisman J., et al. Kinsey's Attic: Nkhani Yododometsa Momwe Magulu Amodzi Amunthu Amasinthira Dziko. Cumberland House Publishing (2006).

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