Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20, karkashin asarar “matsalar yawan mutane”, duniya ta kasance tana yaudarar farfagandar duniya da nufin rage yawan haihuwa da rage yawan jama'a. A yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa, adadin haihuwa ya riga ya faɗi ƙasa da matakin sauƙi na yawan jama'a, kuma adadin tsofaffi daidai yake da yawan yara ko ma ya zarce shi. Aure yana ƙara ƙarewa cikin kisan aure kuma an maye gurbin shi da haɗuwa. Abubuwa na aure, liwadi da abubuwan wuce gona da iri sun sami matsayin fifiko. Depopulation, ba Tarihi "yawaitar mutane" ya zama sabon gaskiyar duniya.

Wanda ya kirkiro da manufar hana haihuwa a duniya shi ne Thomas Malthus, wanda ya bayyana hakan a cikin aikinsa na 1798, "Essay a kan Dokar Jama'a." Dangane da koyarwar ta Malthus, yawan jama'a na haɓaka sosai, kuma rayuwar jama'a tana ƙaruwa cikin damuwa, don haka nan ba da jimawa ba mutane ba za su sami isasshen abinci ba, kuma a cewar darektan bankin duniya - da ruwa ^[1]. A cewar Malthus, karami yawan jama'a, mafi girman matsayin rayuwa.

Margaret Sanger (Sanger), wacce ke ba da ladabi ta hanyar inganta su tare da lamuran eugenics, ta haifar a cikin shekara ta "1921 shekara ta" Kungiyar Kula da Haihuwa ", wanda aikinta shi ne samar da zubar da ciki da kuma" fitar da chaff ɗin ɗan adam "-" mara ƙanƙanci, tunani da kuma sakaci da tunani ". Latterarshen sun haɗa da baƙi, Slavs, Yahudawa, Italiyanci - adadin 70% na yawan mutanen duniya. “Mafi yawan al'adarmu a wannan zamanin ita ce karfafa halittar manyan iyalai wadanda ke cutar da membobin wadannan iyalai ba kawai, har ma da al'umma baki daya. Babban abin tausayi da babban dangi zai iya yi da daya daga cikin yaran shi ne su kashe shi. ”- Sanger ya rubuta ^[2].

Nan ba da daɗewa ba, a ƙarƙashin taimakon tallafi na ayyukan kimiyya, ,ungiyar ta fara karɓar tallafi daga Rockefeller, Ford da Mallon. A cikin mujallar League ta 1932 a cikin wata kasida mai taken "Tsarin Zaman Lafiya", Sanger ya bayyana cewa saboda zaman lafiya a Duniya, "kayan duniya" yakamata a karfi da karfi da kuma rarrabasu ta hanyar sanya su a sansanonin tattarawa.

“Ta hanyar tattara wannan kaso mai tsoka na al’ummar mu saboda dalilai na lafiya maimakon a hukunta su, za a iya cewa miliyan goma sha biyar ko ashirin daga cikin al’ummarmu za su zama mayaka masu tsaro, suna kare yaran da ba a haifa ba daga nakasu… da aka yi don sassauta haɓakar jama'a daidai da ƙayyadaddun taki don daidaita yawan yawan jama'a zuwa mafi kyawun yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki "^[3].

Ernst Rydin, memba ne na ƙungiyar Nazi, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Kungiyar kuma daga baya ya sanya ra'ayoyinsa a cikin shirye-shiryen alƙaluma na Uku kamar su Tsarin Halittar Tsarin Halittu da Tsabtace Tsakani, a cikin wannan jaridar. A cikin 1942, a tsayi na yaƙi tare da Hitler, Sanger, don guje wa ƙungiyoyi marasa jin daɗi, suna sake sunan "Controlungiyar Kula da Haihuwa" a cikin Planungiyar Planungiyar Iyali ", wanda daga nan ya juya zuwa Federationungiyar Internationalasa ta Duniya - IPPF (wanda aka fassara shi da IFES), wanda daga baya ya sami matsayin ƙungiyar kyautatawa, wanda ya ba shi damar karɓar gudummawa ba tare da biyan haraji ba.

Sanger ya ji daɗin goyon bayan manyan mashahuran mutane kamar su Julian Huxley, Albert Einstein, Firayim Ministan Indiya, Nehru, Emperor Japan, Hirohito, Henry Ford, Shugabannin Truman, Eisenhower da sauransu da yawa. ^[4]... Siyasa Neo-Malthusian da take gabatarwa tana samun girma a duniya.

A cikin 1954, Gidauniyar Hugh Moore ta wallafa wani ƙaramin fida, Bomb of the Population, wanda ya kawo barazanar ƙaruwar yawan jama'a a ƙasashe masu tasowa kuma yayi magana game da buƙatar gaggawa don rage yawan haihuwa. A 1958, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fara daukar nauyin shirye-shiryen IPPF a cikin ƙasashen Duniya na Uku kuma Bankin Duniya zai kasance tare da shi ba da daɗewa ba. A cikin 1959, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoto game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya wanda ya kammala cewa saurin haɓaka yana barazana ga zaman lafiyar duniya. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, ayyukan Neo-Malthusians sun bazu zuwa Amurka kanta: Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ta ba da dala miliyan 50 ta farko don "tsarin iyali" a cikin kasar da kuma ƙara haraji ga iyalai da ke da yara biyu ko sama da haka, yayin da marasa aure da marasa yara sun karɓi taimakon haraji ^[5].

Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata ta wannan mataki, marubucin marubucin nan na Bombeller Population Bomb, masanin ilmin dabbobi Paul Erlich: “Domin shawo kan wasu kasashe don rage yawan haihuwa, dole ne mu iya fada "yi kamar yadda muke", kuma ba "yi kamar yadda aka umarta"». Wani dalilin shine karuwar tasirin yawan jama'ar Amurka akan raguwar albarkatun duniya. Duk da gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1966 a cikin Amurka game da 6% na yawan jama'ar duniya sun rayu, wannan ƙasar ta cinye 34% na samar da makamashi na duniya, 29% na duk samarwa da baƙin ƙarfe da 17% na duk lalatattu. Wadannan lambobi suna haifar da hujjar cewa kowane haifuwa Ba'amurke yana ba da babbar gudummawa sosai ga lalata abubuwan duniya. “Lokutan 25 fiye da, in ji, haihuwar Indiya” Masanin halittu Wayne Davis ya ce^[6].

A cikin 1964, Amurka ta kafa "Shawara kan Ilimin Jima'i da Ilmi" (SIECUS). Babban darekta Mary Calderon tana da alaƙa da IPPF kuma tana goyan bayan ra'ayin ɗan adam Rudolf Dreikurs, daga ciki akwai:
• rikicewa ko koma baya na benaye da matsayin jima'i; 
Sakin yara daga danginsu; 
• kawar da iyali kamar yadda muka sani^[7].

A cikin 1968, wani lauya dan Amurka Albert Blausteinwanda ya shiga cikin halittar asalin ƙasashe masu yawa, nunacewa a iyakance haɓakar yawan jama'a, ya zama dole a sake yin ƙa'idodi da yawa, ciki har da akan aure, tallafin iyali, shekarun yarda, da kuma liwadi.

Kingsley Davis, daya daga cikin jiga-jigai na ci gaban manufofin hana haihuwa, ya soki “masu tsara shirin” saboda yin watsi da irin wadannan matakan kariya na haihuwa, kamar su karfafa garkuwar jiki, zubar da ciki и “Banbancin dabi'ar jima'i"... A cewarsa a cewar, "Ko da mafi yawan al'ummomin zamanin sun san yadda ake iyakance yawan yara ta hanyar katse hulda da juna, saduwa ta al'aura, saduwa da 'yan luwadi, zubar da ciki da kashe jarirai." Bugu da kari, ya dage kan cewa ba tare da canjin yanayin zamantakewar da tattalin arziki ba, ba za a iya cimma burin rage haihuwa ba.

"Batutuwan haihuwa da kuma nau'o'in jima'i da ba na dabi'a ba yawanci suna saduwa da shiru ko rashin amincewa, ko da yake babu wanda ke shakkar tasirin waɗannan matakan don hana daukar ciki ... Babban canje-canjen da ake bukata don tasiri ga motsa jiki na haihuwa ya kamata ya zama canje-canje a tsarin iyali. , Matsayin mata da jima'i ... Tsarin tattalin arziki ya fi ƙayyade wanda zai yi aiki, abin da za a iya saya, nawa za a kashe don renon yara, nawa mutum zai iya kashewa. Makarantu suna bayyana matsayin iyali da abubuwan da suka shafi aiki da zaɓin nishaɗi. Za su iya, kamar yadda ake buƙata, sake fayyace matsayin jima'i, haɓaka sha'awa fiye da gida, da ba da ilimi na gaske (saɓanin ɗabi'a) game da aure, halayen jima'i, da batutuwan yawan jama'a. Idan aka yi la’akari da haka, a fili yake cewa ma’aikatun tattalin arziki da ilimi, ba ma’aikatar lafiya ba, ya kamata su zama tushen manufofin yawan al’umma.”^[8].

Davis Wife, Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Judith Blake bullo da batun hana haraji da fa'idodi na gida da karfafa karfafawar yara da cire takunkumi na doka da zamantakewa kan liwadi ^[9].

Ba a kula da jawaban wannan ma'aurata na mutun ba, kuma a cikin 1969, Mataimakin Shugaban IPPF, Frederic Jaffe ya ba da wata sanarwa ta bayyana hanyoyin hana haihuwa, wanda ya haɗa da zubar da ciki, sanya maye, hana shan-mama, tilasta mata zuwa aiki, rage lokacin biyan jarirai da amfanin yara; da ƙarfafa haɓaka liwadi. Jaffe ya umurci shugaban kungiyar Rockefeller ƙungiyar yawan jama'a, masanin halayyar ɗabi'a Bernard Berelson, da ya gudanar da bincike kan tasirin rayuwar zamantakewa, gidaje da tattalin arziƙi game da haihuwar yara, da kuma zaɓan waɗanda suka fi dacewa.

Extractan taƙaitaccen bayanin daga abin tunawa:

"Cikakkiyar ma'aikata na aiki tare da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki don haka ya kamata a kyale matakan rashin aikin yi kamar yadda suke bukata. Koyaya, an tabbatar da dangantakar dake tsakanin aikin mata da yawan haihuwa, dangane da abin da ya wajaba a tabbatar da wane matsayin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki zai iya ko ya kamata a yi haɗari don samun ƙarancin haihuwa. Wajibi ne a canza hoto na ingantaccen dangi, gami da yara uku ko sama da haka, wanda zai haifar da ƙimar yawan jama'a da ba a yarda da su ba. Don guje wa tilasta wa jama'a yawan tilasta yin hakan, ya zama dole a samar da wata al'umma wacce aikin hana haihuwa zai zama mai tasiri. Ko shakka babu galibin matakan da aka gabatar a matsayin madadin tsarin iyali ba za su yi tasiri iri ɗaya ba a sassa daban-daban na al'umma. Teburin da aka makala yana ƙoƙarin gabatar da rarrabuwar farko na manyan matakan da aka tattauna dangane da duniya ko zaɓinsu. A bayyane yake cewa hanyoyin tasiri na tattalin arziƙi ba za su yi tasiri daidai gwargwado ga ɗabi'ar iyalai na masu hannu da shuni/tsakiyar ƙasa da masu karamin karfi ba. Bincike zai nuna hanyoyin da za mu buƙaci da kuma nan gaba. "^[10].

Р 'том же РіРѕРґСѓ, РІС ‹СЃС‚СѓРїР ° СЏ перед конгрессом, преР· идент РќРёРєСЃРѕ mai suna СЂРѕСЃС ‚РЅР ° сел ения "Daya daga cikin manyan kalubale ga makomar bil'adama". RћRЅ RїSЂRμRґR "RѕR¶RoR" SЂR ° SЃS € RoSЂRoS, SЊ SѓSЃR "SѓRіRo RїRѕ A" RїR "P ° RЅRoSЂRѕRІR ° RЅRoSЋ SЃRμRјSЊRoV" PI RЎRORђ Ryo SЃRѕR · RґR ° S, SЊ RєRѕRјRoSЃSЃRoSЋ RїRѕ Rohr · ‡ SѓS RμRЅRoSЋ RІR "RoSЏRЅRoSЏ SЂRѕSЃS ‚Р ° РЅР ° сел ения РЅР ° Р ± Р »Р ° госостояние РЅР ° С † РёРё ^[11]. РџРѕСЃР »Рµ РґРІСѓС ... Р» РµС ‚РёСЃСЃР» РёСЃСЃР ° РЅРёР№, председР° тель комиссиРРжоо. P RѕRєS "RμR" P "RμSЂ 3-R№ SЃRѕRѕR C ± ‰ Rohr" RїSЂRμR · RoRґRμRЅS, Sѓ C ‡ S, Rѕ RґR ° F »€ SЊRЅRμR№S RoR№ RїSЂRoSЂRѕSЃS, RЅR ° SЃRμR" RμRЅRoSЏ RЅRμS RμR † " ± СЂР ° Р · ен:

“Bayan mun kwashe shekaru biyu ana kokarin hada karfi da karfe, mun cimma matsayar cewa nan da wani lokaci mai tsawo ba za a samu wani gagarumin alfanu daga ci gaban al’ummar kasar nan ba, kuma sannu a hankali tabbatar da zaman lafiyar al’ummarmu ta hanyoyin son rai zai ba da gagarumar gudunmawa. don baiwa al'umma damar magance matsalolinta. Mun bincika, amma ba mu samu, gamsasshiyar hujjar tattalin arziki don ci gaba da haɓakar al'umma ba. Jin dadin kasarmu, ko ci gaban kasuwanci, ko jin dadin talakawan kasa ba ya dogara da wannan." ^[12].

РќР ° СѓС ‡ РЅС ‹Р№ СЃРѕРІРµРСРЅРёРє преР· идентР° РќРёРєСЃРѕРЅР °, Рґ-СЂР” СЋР ± риджРРРРРЏРЏРРРРРЏСРРРРЏСРРРРЏ A cikin “RISЃRµ RsР ± С ‰ РµСЃС‚РІРµРЅРЅС Рµ Рµ Рµ С С С С С,,,, RІRѕ Ryo RјRμR¶RґSѓRЅR SЂRѕRґRЅRѕRμ ° F ° RіRμRЅS, SЃS, RІR ° â € "SѓSЃS, R ° RЅRѕRІRoS, SЊ RЅSѓR" RμRІRѕR№ RїSЂRoSЂRѕSЃS, RЅR ° SЂRѕRґRѕRЅR ° SЃRμR "RμRЅRoSЏ PI RєR ° C ‡ ‡ RμSЃS, RІRμ SЃRІRѕRμR№ RїRμSЂRІRѕRѕS RμSЂRμRґRЅRѕR A'a. Р · Р ° РґР ° С ‡ РёВ » [⁶].

Р ›Р ° уреР° С‚ РќРѕР ± еРелевской премии, СЂ-СЂ РЁРѕРєР» Рё shawara ° РєРѕР№ РїР »Р ° РЅ: 
RћR C ± ‰ RμSЃS, RІRμRЅRЅRѕSЃS, SЊ RїSЂRѕRіRѕR "RѕSЃSѓRμS P · ° F R¶RμR" P ° S, RμR "SЊRЅS <R№ RєRѕSЌS" C "† RoRμRЅS Roes, RіRѕRґRѕRІRѕRіRѕ RїSЂRoSЂRѕSЃS, R ° RЅR ° SЃRμR" RμRЅRoSЏ ( SЃR ° Rј RѕRЅ SЂRμRєRѕRјRμRЅRґSѓRμS, 0.3%), RїRѕSЃR "C ‡ Rμ RμRіRѕ R'SЋSЂRѕ RїRμSЂRμRїRoSЃRμR№ SѓSЃS, R ° RЅRѕRІRoS ,, SЃRєRѕR" SЊRєRѕ RґRμS, RμR№ RїRѕR · RІRѕR "Ros, RμR" SЊRЅRѕ RoRјRμS, SЊ RєR ° F Р¶РµРЅС ‰ РёРЅРµ. 'сем РґРµРІРѕС ‡ РєР ° Рј Р ± СѓРґРµС СѓРґРµС РІР¶РёРІР РµРЅР »РµРЅР ° контрР° С † ептивнР° СЏ РєР ° РїСЃСѓР »Р °... Lokacin da ta kai shekarun tsufa, kowace yarinya za ta karɓi takaddun sheda 22 ga kowane yaro. Ma'aurata za su iya amfani da waɗannan 10 don cire kawun ɗin har sai an haifi jaririn, bayan haka za a dawo da kawunansu. Bayan haihuwar yara biyu, ma'auratan za su iya siyar da sauran takaddun shaida 2, ko kuma su sayi ƙarin 8 a kasuwa kyauta don haihuwar ɗa na uku. Wadanda ba sa son yara za su iya siyar da takardun sheda a kowane lokaci [13].

RџSЂRμSЃS, RѕRЅ RљR "P ° SѓRґ, RїSЂRμRґSЃRμRґR ° S, RμR" SЊ RљRѕRјRoS, RμS, R ° RїRѕ RμSЃS, RμSЃS, RІRμRЅRЅS <Rј SЂRμSЃSѓSЂSЃR ° Rј PI RќR ° C ° F † RoRѕRЅR "SЊRЅRѕR№ ° F RєR ° RґRμRјRoRo RЅR ° СѓРє, РїСЂРёР · РІР ° Р »РґРѕР ± иться РЅСѓР» евого гриростР° ‚енсиф РёС † ть ° ть A cikin "R" СЋР ± С ‹РјРё РѕСЃСѓС ‰ ествимы Р СЃРїРѕСЃРѕР Р ° РјРёВ » RІРѕРїСѓР »СЏС † РёРѕРЅРЅС‹ Р№ контроль РІ РЎРЁРђ Рё РјРёСЂРµ. P 'SЃRІRѕS'Rј RІS <SЃS, SѓRїR "RμRЅRoRo RѕRЅ, RїRѕRјRoRјRѕ RїSЂRѕS ‡ RμRіRѕ, RїSЂRμRґR" RѕR¶RoR "RљRѕRЅRіSЂRμSЃSЃSѓ Ryo RїSЂRμR RoRґRμRЅS, Sѓ RѕS ·" † Roes Rohr ° F "SЊRЅRѕ P · P SЏRІRoS, SЊ ° C ‡ то РІСЃРµ Р ° мерикР° нскиепР° нскиепР° СЂС ‹РґРѕР» Р¶РЅС ‹РёРјРµС‚СЊ РЅРµ РоРоРее ее… РґРІСѓС Р · Р ° РїСЂРѕСЃСѓ Р ± СѓРґСѓС ‚Р» егР° Р »Р · РѕРІР ° РЅС‹ Рё РґРѕСЃС‚СѓРїРЅС ‹РєР ° ждому, РґР ° же Р ± еѽРто СЋСЂРёРґРёС ‡ еские еские РЅРёС ° РЅРёС РѕРіСЂР РµРЅРёСЏ ° РЅР ° Р ° Р »СЊРЅС ‹Рµ СЃРѕСЋР · С‹ Р ± СѓРґСѓС ‚отменены ^[6].

РєРѕРЅС † РµРїС † РёРё демогрР° С „РёС РёС РµСЃРєРѕРіРѕ РїРµСЂРµС РѕРґР… РѕРґР ° Frank Notestein, da yake magana a Kwalejin Yaki ta Kasa ga manyan jami'ai, ya lura cewa "ana kare luwadi bisa ga cewa yana taimakawa wajen rage karuwar yawan jama'a." ^[9].

Akwai wadanda suka kira madigo da madigo a fili "tushen matsalar yawan jama'a a duniya":

Zai ɗauki ƴan shekaru kaɗan kafin masu fafutuka su daidaita liwadi don shawo kan Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka don cire luwadi daga cikin jerin cututtukan kwakwalwa. "Ba za mu ƙara dagewa kan yiwa cutar lakabi ga mutanen da ke da'awar cewa suna da koshin lafiya ba," in ji APA. Wannan canji a matsayin magani game da gano cutar liwadi ya faru ba tare da samar da wata hujja ta kimiyya da shaidar asibiti don tabbatar da irin wannan matakin ba. Karin bayani: https://pro-lgbt.ru/295/

A cikin Encyclopedia of Birth Control na 2001, wanda aka buga musamman don ƙungiyoyin tsara iyali, liwadi an riga an jera shi a fili a matsayin halaltacciyar hanyar kariyar haihuwa:

“Tunda jima’i tsakanin ma’aurata daya ba zai iya haifar da ciki ba, jurewa ko karfafa luwadi da madigo za a iya kallon su a matsayin hanyar kayyade yawan jama’a, idan ba hana haihuwa ba. Kusan duk mutane suna da damar bisexual, kuma nawa aka yarda ya bayyana kansa yana shafar, aƙalla a ka'idar, adadin yaran da aka haifa. "

A cikin 2004, editan Jaridar Likitanci ta Burtaniya (BMJ) Imre Lefler ya rubuta a cikin rukuninsa:

“Kimar luwadi ga rayuwar bil’adama ta ta’allaka ne a cikin tasirinta kan karuwar al’umma. Duk wanda ya damu game da lalacewar muhalli sakamakon karuwar yawan jama'a ya kamata ya inganta luwadi. Lallai, zai zama abin sha'awa ga mafi yawan mutane su zama ɗan luwaɗi, tare da ɗan ƙaramin zaɓi na ɗan adam daga kowace ƙungiyar da za a iya gane su don gamsar da ɗan ƙaramin buƙatun haihuwa na nau'in ...
Kyakkyawan tsarin zamantakewa na bil'adama a cikin wannan duniyar da ke da yawan jama'a zai kasance wanda yawancin za su zauna a cikin luwadi da luwadi. Idan luwadi ya zama ruwan dare, yawan jama'a zai ragu matuka...
Ƙimar auren ɗan luwaɗi za ta ragu da zaran mutane sun gane cewa sabuwar cibiyar da aka ƙirƙira ita ce ta tabbatar da manufar “halitta” na yawan jama’a.

R '1972 РіРѕРґСѓ РґР »СЏ РёРјСЃРєРѕРіРѕ РєР »СѓР ± Р ° ± С ‹Р» РѕРїСѓР ± Р »РёРєРѕРІР ° РЅ РґРѕРєР» Р ° Рґ В «РџСЂРµРґРµР »С‹ ростР°", A cikin wacce aka gabatar da wasu abubuwa 12 na ci gaban mutum. Dukkanin yanayi mai kyau ya buƙaci canje-canje na siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma, gami da ƙayyadadden tsarin haihuwa a yanayin raguwar yanayi.

R '1974 РіРѕРґСѓ РќРёРєСЃРѕРЅ ‡ Р ° РµС ‚ RљRoSЃSЃRoRЅRґR¶RμSЂSѓ Rohr · SѓS ‡ Ros, SЊ RІR "RoSЏRЅRoRμ SЂRѕSЃS, R RјRoSЂRѕRІRѕRіRѕ RЅR ° ° ° SЂRѕRґRѕRЅR SЃRμR" RμRЅRoSЏ RЅR ° RїRѕR "Ros, Ros ‡ ‡ RμSЃRєRoRμ Ryo SЌRєRѕRЅRѕRјRoS RμSЃRєRoRμ RoRЅS, RμSЂRμSЃS <RЎRORђ Ryo RїSЂRμRґR" RѕR¶RoS, СЊ РєРѕРЅРєСЂРµС‚РЅС ‹Рµ меры действия. RўR ° Rє RїRѕSЏRІRoR "SЃSЏ P · R ‡ ° SЃRμRєSЂRμS RμRЅRЅS <R№ RІRїR" RѕS, SЊ RґRѕ 1990 RіRѕRґR ° RґRѕRєSѓRјRμRЅS, A «NSSM-200V" SЃRѕSЃS, R ° RІR "RμRЅRЅS <R№ RЎRѕRІRμS, RѕRј RїRѕ RЅR ° RoRѕRЅR ° C † P "P ± SЊRЅRѕR№ RμR · RѕRїR ° SЃRЅRѕSЃS, Ro, PI RєRѕS, RѕSЂRѕRј RіRѕRІRѕSЂRoR" RѕSЃSЊ na PS RЅRμRѕS, R "RѕR¶RЅRѕR№ RЅRμRѕR C ± ... RѕRґRoRјRѕSЃS, Ro SЃRЅRoR¶R ° S, SЊ SЂRѕR¶ ° емость РІ РјРёСЂРѕРІРѕРј РјР СЃС ° тРтРтРРе тРP “P” P ° PIRPRsR№ С µ PµP »СЊСЋ документ РѕР ± РЅР · РѕР ° С З РёР РґРѕСЃС‚РёР¶РµРЅРёРµ достижение · Р ° РјРµС ‰ Р ° СРЂРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋРЋ 2000 RіRѕRґSѓ (PI SЃSЂRμRґRЅRμRј 2 SЂRμR ° ± S'RЅRєR RЅR ° SЃRμRјSЊSЋ) PD ° SѓRґRμSЂR¶R RЅRoRμ RјR ° RєSЃRoRјR ° F "SЊRЅRѕRіRѕ SѓSЂRѕRІRЅSЏ RЅR ° SЃRμR" RμRЅRoSЏ PI RїSЂRμRґRμR "F ° C ... 8 RјR" SЂRґ. ‡ еловек. R R ° SЃRїSЂRμRґRμR "RμRЅRoRμ RІRЅRμS RЅRμR№ RїRѕRјRѕS ‰ € Ryo SЂR ° F · ° RІRoRІR SЋS ‰ RoRјSЃSЏ SЃS, SЂR ° RЅR Rј ° F ± SѓRґRμS P · ° F RІRoSЃRμS, SЊ RѕS, Roes ... RіRѕS, RѕRІRЅRѕSЃS, Ro RїSЂRoRЅSЏS ‚СЊ Р ° нтинР° тР° Р ° Р» СЊРЅС ‹Рµ РїСЂРѕРіСЂР ° РјРјС‹. RўR ° Rє, RєRѕRіRґR ° RќRoRіRμSЂRoSЏ RѕS, RєR ° F · P ° R "P ° SЃSЊ RІRІRμSЃS, Ro Sѓ SЃRμR ± SЏ SЂR ° RґRoRєR ° F" SЊRЅS <Rμ RїSЂRѕRіSЂR ° RјRјS <SЃRμRєSЃRїSЂRѕSЃRІRμS, R °, RїSЂRѕRґRІRoRіR ° SЋS ‰ RoRμ P ‡ ± RμSЃRїRѕSЂSЏRґRѕS RЅS <Rμ RїRѕR "RѕRІS <Rμ SЃRІSЏR · PD PD RіRѕRјRѕSЃRμRєSЃSѓR ° F" Rohr Rј · · P P ° RїR ° RґRЅS <Rμ SЃS, SЂR ° RЅS <RїSЂRoRіSЂRѕR · Rohr "Ryo RμR№ РІСЂРµРєСЂР ° С ‰ ением РІРЅРµС РЅРµР№ ней ней ней Рё. R'S ‹P применС'РЅ РІ первую РѕС З З РµСЂРµРґСЊ.

Ya kamata a mayar da hankali kan kasashe masu tasowa mafi girma da sauri wadanda ke da sha'awar siyasa da dabaru ga Amurka. Wadannan kasashe sun hada da India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil, Philippines, Thailand, Egypt, Turkey, Ethiopia da Colombia. Tare suna da kashi 47% na karuwar yawan jama'a a halin yanzu."^[15].

R ”окумент предлР° РіР ° ет A “СЃРєРѕРЅС † ентрировР° ться РЅР ° РѕР ± СЂР ° Р · РѕРІР ° РЅРёРё Рё ЁРЅРґРѕРєС‚СЂРёРЅР ° С † РёРё [sic] ° ° RїRѕRґSЂR SЃS, R SЋS ‰ RμRіRѕ RїRѕRєRѕR "RμRЅRoSЏ RѕS, RЅRѕSЃRoS, RμR" SЊRЅRѕ R¶RμR "P ° S, RμR" SЊRЅRѕSЃS, Ro RјRμRЅSЊS € RμRіRѕ SЂR ° F · ° RјRμSЂR SЃRμRјSЊRoV " Ryo RѕS, RјRμS ‡ RμS ° F, ± RЅRμRѕR C ... P RѕRґRoRјRѕSЃS, SЊ ° F ± RѕSЂS, RѕRІ RґR "SЏ SЃRЅRoR¶RμRЅRoSЏ SЂRѕR¶RґR ° RμRјRѕSЃS, Ro.

R '1975 RіRѕRґSѓ RїSЂRoRєR · · ° F RѕRј RїSЂRμR RoRґRμRЅS, R ° R¤RѕSЂRґR ° a «NSSM-200V" SЃS, R ° F "SЂSѓRєRѕRІRѕRґSЃS, RІRѕRј Rє RґRμR№SЃS, RІRoSЋ PI RѕR ± P" P ° SЃS, Ro R ° мерикР° РЅСЃРєРѕР№ РІРЅРµС € РІРЅРµС РІРЅРµС »РёС‚РёРєРё. РўР ° РєРёРј РѕР ± Р ° СЂР · РѕРј, то, С З С‚Рѕ РґРѕ Р Р? »РёС‚Р ° ристов, теперь стР° Р» Рѕ РіРѕСЃСѓРґР ° рственной РІСЂРѕРіСЂР ° РСРРР ° Р ‰ Р ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ Р »РѕРіРѕРїР» Р ° теР»СЊС ‰ РёРєРѕРІ. RќR ° RґR ° RЅRЅS <R№ RјRѕRјRμRЅS, RЅRμS, RЅRoRєR ° RєRoS SЃRІRoRґRμS, RμR ... "na PS SЊSЃS, RІ S, RѕRј C ‡ S, Rѕ RїSЂRoRјRμRЅRμRЅRoRμ RґRoSЂRμRєS, RoRІ A« NSSM-200V "RїRμSЂRμSЃS, R ° F" na PS Р ± С ‹С‚СЊ РѕС„ † РёР ° РёР »Р РІРѕР» РІРѕР РЎРѕРµРґРёРЅРµРЅРЅС ‹С ... итР° тов.

R '° RЅR SЃS, RѕSЏS ‰ RμRμ RІSЂRμRјSЏ SЂRѕR¶RґR ° RμRјRѕSЃS, SЊ PI RЎRORђ RЅR ° C ... RѕRґRoS, SЃSЏ RЅRoR¶Rμ SѓSЂRѕRІRЅSЏ, RЅRμRѕR C ± ... RѕRґRoRјRѕRіRѕ RґR "SЏ RμSЃS, RμSЃS, RІRμRЅRЅRѕRіRѕ RІRѕSЃRїSЂRѕRoR · ° RІRѕRґSЃS, RІR РЅР ° селения. РЎРѕРіР »Р ° СЃРЅРѕ РґР ° РЅРЅС‹ Рј РЅР ° СЖ РёРѕРЅР ° Р СЊРЅРѕРіРѕ СЊРЅРѕРіРѕ ° † ° тистики ° РѕР ° тистики ° РЂР ° РЂР ° Р ° Р ° Р ° Р ° Р ° Р ° Р ° Р… SÖR ° PЅРµРЅРёСЏ (NCHS), РІ 2017 РіРѕРґСѓ РІ РЎРёРђ СЂРѕРґРёР »РѕСЃСЊ РЅР ° РёРјРµРЅСЊС РёРјРµРЅСЊС РёРјРµРЅСЊС РЅР РЅР РЅР Р РјР РјР РјР РјР РјР РјР РјР РјР РјР Рґ Рґ Рґ NUM NUM NUM NUM † † † † Р · Р ° РїРѕСЃР »РµРґРЅРёРµ 30 Р» РµС ‚. Yawan haihuwa a lokaci guda shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta a duk tsawon lokacin lura (wato, a cikin fiye da shekaru ɗari), kuma matsakaicin adadin haihuwa da mace ta ragu zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta tun 1978 - 1,76 ^[16].

A taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Jama'a da aka gudanar a 1974 a Bucharest, kasashen 137 (duk ban da Vatican) sun yi alkawurra da nufin rage kiba, bayan haka yawan ci gaban duniya ya ragu.

Daga na takardu Majalisar Dinkin Duniya:

"WHO, da UNFPA da UNAIDS, suna ba da cikakken goyon baya ga Dokar 'Yancin Iyaye ta Tarayya (IPPF) Dokar' Yancin Jima'i da Haihuwa ... kuma suna kira ga ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya zuwa: ...
• Mutunta hakkoki na jima'i da na haihuwa, kuma idan ya cancanta, sake duba dokokin da suka dace, musamman batun zubar da ciki da luwaɗanci ” ^[17].

A cikin Rasha, akidar oabi'ar-Malthusian ta kasance, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, waɗanda aka nuna a cikin ƙirƙirar motsi na LGBT; karatunawa Saurayiinganta rashin haihuwa da haifuwa; Yaƙin neman zaɓe "Matsi", da nufin nuna hoton mahaifiyar; gabatarwar "fasahar matasa" da kuma kirkirar rassa da yawa na IPPF - sanannu ne sanannu sanannu a RAPS, sannan kuma Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha. A darussan makaranta "jima'i lumenYara sun haɗu don yin jima'i da wuri, yin jima'i da daidaituwa ga luwaɗan. A halin yanzu, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban suna yin wannan. ya zama kamar rigakafin cutar kanjamau. Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar All-Russia ta yi don Nazarin Nazarin Jama'a a watan Disamba 2017, yawan mutanen Russia waɗanda suke sane sun ƙi ci gaba da dangi na shekaru 12 sun girma daga sifili zuwa kashi shida ^[18].

Matsalar ta ta'allaka ne da cewa mutane da yawa kuma ba wai kawai ba sa so ba, amma kuma ba za su iya samun yara. Mitar aure marasa aure a Russia shine 15 - 20%. A cewar WHO, alamar 15% tana da mahimmanci, wanda za'a iya la'akari da rashin haihuwa a matsayin wani abu wanda ya shafi mahimmancin alamomin jama'a a cikin ƙasar kuma yana wakiltar babbar matsalar jihar. Mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin haihuwa shine zubar da ciki da cututtukan da ake yadawa da farko ta hanyar saduwa da jima'i. ^[19].

An gabatar da manufar buƙatar hana haihuwa a Rasha a cikin 1987 Baranov A.A., amma CPSU ta ƙi shi, saboda ƙasar tana buƙatar albarkatun ɗan adam. Tare da rushewar USSR a watan Disamba 1991, IPPF, a karkashin tallafin Raisa Gorbacheva, ta ɓoye Rasha kuma har yanzu tana aiki a ciki. Hakanan an hana kulawa da haihuwa ta hannun mijinta Mikhail Gorbachev, wanda har ma ya karbi bakuncin taron duniya a 1995 game da buƙatar sarrafa yawan jama'ar duniya, a inda aka rage ra'ayin yawan 90%:

“Cibiyoyin addini ne ke da alhakin fashewar yawan jama’a. Muna buƙatar yin magana da yawa sosai game da jima'i, game da maganin hana haihuwa, game da zubar da ciki, game da dabi'un da ke sarrafa yawan jama'a, saboda rikicin alƙaluma shine rikicin muhalli. Idan ka rage yawan jama'a da kashi 90, to ba za a sami wanda zai haifar da illa ga muhalli ba."^[20].

A cikin irin wannan lamuran, ɗan siyasan Rasha Anatoly Chubais ya jagoranci jawabin nasa a 2011. Da yake magana game da buƙatar rage yawan jama'a, ya yi magana game da kirkirar da za ta taimaka rage yawan mutanen duniya zuwa biliyoyin 2.5 - 1.5 a ƙarshen ƙarni na 21.

"A cikin karni na 21, fadada abubuwan da ke faruwa na 20 ba abin tunani bane. Ba a cire labarin yanayin ci gaba ba. Adam a yanzu yana fuskantar kalubale masu inganci na matakan da ba a bayyana ba. Kasarmu tana iya bayar da gudummawa ta gaske don shawo kan wadannan kalubalen da ba a bayyana ba. ” ^[21]

A karkashin lobbying, EF Lakhova, wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya ba da doka kan tilasta maye gurbin "wanda bai cancanci" ba, a Rasha, daya bayan wani, an karbi shirye-shiryen "tsarin iyali" da yawa. An sake fasalin taken "Bari ya zama ɗa ɗaya, amma lafiya da kyawawa" aka sake bugawa. A karkashin ayyukan ma'aikatar Lafiya, daruruwan cibiyoyi sun bude a kasar wadanda ke gudanar da farfagandar kare haihuwa yayin kashe kudaden jihohi, wadanda suka bayar da gagarumar gudummawa ga rikice-rikicen jama'a a Rasha. Yin 'jima'i' na yara ya fara ne, sakamakon kamuwa da cutar ta STI ya ninka goma ^[22].  

An gaya wa jama'a cewa ilimin jima'i da hana haihuwa ga matasa an haifar da su ne saboda rage yawan masu juna biyu, amma sakamakon ya koma baya. A zahiri, samun damar yin rigakafin hana haihuwa yana haifar da karuwa a cikin juna biyu da kuma yawan zubar da ciki. Suna yaduwa cikin hanzari, suna samun sababbin abubuwa masu cike da rudani, kamar su STDs, irin su herpes da AIDS. Cutar daji ta mahaifa, wacce kusan ba a san ta ba a cikin 'yan mata mata, yanzu haka tana kaiwa kaso na kamuwa da cuta, wanda galibi yana alaƙa da abokan jima'i da yawa. ^[23]... Wannan hoton na duniya ne:

Lissafta yawan jama’ar Rasha, idan yawan haihuwa da mace-mace sun kasance a matakin 1990 na shekara, to a cikin shekarar 2002 a Rasha akwai mutane miliyan 9.4 sama da na farkon 90 ^[24]. Tsakanin 2000 da 2010 raguwar ƙimar asali shine mutane miliyan 7.3, yayin da ganiyarsa ta faru a farkon shekarun sifili - kusan mutane miliyan kusan kowace shekara. Daga 1995 zuwa yau, in banda 2013 - 2015, mace-mace a Rasha ya wuce adadin haihuwa ^[25].

Duk da amincewa da shi a matsayin wakilin kasashen waje a cikin 2015, Cibiyar Kimiyya da Bincike ta Rasha tana ci gaba da aiki tare da yawan jama'a, kuma Kwamitocin Duma na Jiha, Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Kwamitin Jiha na Matasa, Ma'aikatar Ilimi da sauran cibiyoyin jihohi da sauran jama'a suna ci gaba da yin aiki tare da shi (cikakken jerin).

Kodayake bisa ga ƙididdigar hukuma akwai yiwuwar rage raguwar cikakkiyar zubar da ciki, babban abin da ya haifar shine rage yawan masu juna biyu. Valuesa'idodin dangi ba su canzawa ba: bakwai cikin goma masu ciki har yanzu suna ƙare da zubar da ciki, wanda ke ci gaba da ɗauka a matsayin tsarin aikin likita na al'ada. ^[16]. Dangane da ƙididdigar masanan, ainihin adadin zubar da ciki ya wuce ƙididdigar hukuma ta lokuta da yawa kuma ya kai daga miliyoyin zubar da ciki na 3.5 a shekara zuwa 5 - 8 miliyan ^[26, 27]. Babban likitan asibitin na Clinical Asibitin No. 2 na birnin Orenburg ya ce a taron Majalisar Jama'a na Tarayyar Rasha cewa yana da tsari-tsari na zubar da ciki. 

"Ina samun 20 miliyan rubles a shekara don zubar da ciki, amma ba dinari don rigakafin su ba. Kiwon lafiya yana amfanar damu daga zubar da ciki. Har sai wannan tsarin ya canza, bai kamata ku jira wani abu ba. ” ^[28]

Kodayake IPPF tana da'awar tsaka tsaki game da zubar da ciki, tsohon shugabanta Fredrik Say, a cikin jawabinsa a 1993, ya bayyana a fili cewa kungiyoyi waɗanda ba su da shirye don tallafawa zubar da ciki a aikace ko a ka'idar ba za su iya dogaro da kasancewa memba a IPPF. ^[29]. Tsohon Daraktan Kula da Lafiya na IPPF Malcolm Potz ya ce ba zai yiwu a fara da aiwatar da duk wani shiri na iyali ba tare da zubar da ciki ba. Ya kuma ce dokar hana zubar da ciki ta zama ta zamani kuma ba ta dace da duniyar zamani ba, saboda haka ana iya keta doka kuma dole ne a keta shi ^[30]. An gabatar da wannan duniyar ta duniyar a cikin umarnin IPPF: 

Ungiyoyin tsara iyali da sauran ƙungiyoyin jama'a kada su yi amfani da matattarar dokoki ko kasancewar dokokin da ba su dace da mu ba a matsayin dalilin rashin aiki. Aiki da ya wuce doka, har ma da bin doka, wani bangare ne na aiwatar da canjin tuki. ” ^[31]

Bayan mutuwar Margaret Sanger a cikin 1966, duk shugabannin IPPF masu zuwa sun ba da gudummawarsu ga layin Sanger. A halin yanzu, IPPF, tare da kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na dala biliyan 1 ^[32], a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan kyakkyawar niyya, yana gudanar da ayyukansa na ƙiyayya a cikin fiye da ƙasashe 190. Babu ayyana makasudi Tarayya - ba a sami ingantacciyar kula da lafiyar haihuwa, karewar haihuwa, karfafa martabar iyali, rigakafin kamuwa da cututtuka, da sauransu. Amma an cimma burin gaske - yawan haihuwa ya ragu sosai.

A halin yanzu, haɓakar “sauyin yanayi” ya haɗa da rage tazarar haihuwa kan tsarinta. Membobin ta suma suka fara hakan motsi Babu Makomar Babu Yara, wanda yayi alƙawarin ba da 'ya'ya har sai gwamnatoci sun ɗauki tsauraran matakai kan "canjin yanayin ɗan adam". Bajamushe malami Ta yi suna ne bayan wallafa wani littafi da ta yi kira ga Jamusawan da kada su haifi 'ya'ya. A cewar ta, kowane ɗan da ba a haife shi ba yana ceton duniya daga tanadin carbon dioxide na 9.

Bayan cire allon magana mara amfani don kare lafiyar “lafiyar mace” da “‘ yancin dan adam ”, za mu ga cigaban tattalin arzikin kamar yadda yake - tawaye ga rayuwar dan adam, al'ada da ci gaba, amfani da manufar kare yara da lalata iyali.

SAURARA

1. Sauran Rikicin (1998)
2. Mace da Sabuwar Zuriya (1920)
3. Tsarin abu (1932)
4. Malaikan Mutuwa: Tarihin rayuwar Margaret Zanger, wanda ya kafa IFPS (1995)
5. A. Carlson: Al'umma, Iyali, Halayyar mutum (2003)
6. Girma na Jama'a na Amurka da Tsarin Iyali (1970)
7. Da'irar SIECUS: juyin juya halin ɗan adam (1973)
8. Kingsley Davis, Manufofin Jama'a: Shin Shirye-shiryen Yanzu Za Su Yi Nasara? (1967)
9. Matthew Donna, Ikon isan Adam shine Tarihi: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi akan Yaƙin Internationalasa na toasa don Growuntata Ci gaban Popuan Adam (2003)
10. FS Jaffe: Ayyuka masu mahimmanci ga Nazarin Policyididdigar Yawan Jama'a don Amurka (1969)
11. Richard Nixon, Saƙo na Musamman ga Majalisa game da Matsalar Growarfafa Yawan Jama'a. Yanar gizo ta Gerhard Peters da John T. Woolley, Shirin Shugabancin Amurka
12. Hukumar Rockfeller akan Ci gaban Yawan Jama'a da makomar Amurka (1972)
13. Lance Kyauta - Tauraruwa, Dec 19, 1967: Shockely yana bayyana Tsarin Baby.
14. Rahoton ALEC kan Alfred Kinsey
15. Takardar Nazarin Tsaro ta Kasa 200, Tasirin Ci gaban Popuididdigar Jama'a na Duniya Don Tsaro na Amurka da Abubuwan verseabi'a na waje, 1974
16. Yawancin jarirai a Amurka ya fadi kasa da shekaru fiye da 30
17. WHO: Tsarin Iyali da Kiwon Lafiya na haihuwa a cikin CEE da NIS (2000) shafi na 2
18. MULKI: Russia da gangan sun ƙi haihuwa
19. Tsaron jama'a na Rasha: alamomin yanki, kimanta sakamako
20. Kakakin taron ci gaba mai ɗorewa ya yi kira ga ragewar 90% a cikin yawan mutanen duniya
21. Taro RusNanoTech, 2011
22. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Syphilis a cikin Russia 1985 - 2001
23. Dukiyar Valerie: Jima'i da Injiniyan Zamani
24. 90s sun kashe Russia kusan miliyan 10: nazarin alƙaluma
25. Rosstat: haihuwa, mace-mace da yawan haɓakar ƙabilar 1950 - 2016
26. AIF: A cikin alkalumma da hujjoji: 'Yan matan da ke Russia sun haɗu da 3,5 miliyan a shekara
27. Manufar manufar dangi na jihohi na Tarayyar Rashanci na har zuwa 2025
28. Amincewa da likitan shugaban: Na karɓa daga jihar 20 miliyoyin don samun zubar da ciki
29. Dole ne a Shawo kan Zubar da Mara Lafiya a Yanzu (1993)
30. Malcolm Potts (1970, 1979)
31. IPPF: Hakkin ɗan adam game da tsarin iyali (1984)
32. AIF: Ta yaya za mu ceci mutanen?

Ƙarin bayani:

Rukuni: Kimiyya don gaskiya

Sakamakon al'adu na al'adar jima'i ba ta al'ada ba