Ofufuza ambiri amawona kuti kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mdziko lathuli ndi vuto la psycho-kugonana amuna (ndi akazi), zotulukapo zake ndizowonetsera chidwi cha kugonana komanso kukopa kwa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha amuna kapena akazi azigonana ndizovuta kwambiri panthawi yodziwitsa zagonana. Gawo ili la psychology yotsogola limatanthauzira zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo amatcha "vuto la zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi." Pazaka izi, mwana amayamba magawo atsopano, ndipo atayamba kutha msinkhu (unyamata ndi kuphulika kwa maholoni) kumatsimikizira momwe amagwirizira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi. Kuphwanya ntchito zamagulu abambo-m'mabanja, kapena zochitika zowopsa m'banjamo ndi kunja kumayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zopatukira (zomwe zikuphatikizika), zomwe zimaphatikizaponso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Mpaka posachedwa, lingaliro lamkati mwa chikhalidwe cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha limakhudzidwa mmaiko a Western Europe ndi America, komabe, chiphunzitsochi sichinalandire kulungamitsidwa kwa sayansi, ndipo malingaliro pazolondola ndale pankhani ya zamankhwala sakhala zifukwa zomveka. M'malo mwake, popeza chikhalidwe cha kugonana chimapangidwa pazaka zingapo komanso munthawi ina (mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndi zina), ziyenera kunenedwa kuti zimapezeka ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimasinthidwa. Kapena, zochulukirapo, popeza gawo logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha limadutsa mwana aliyense yemwe amalandila chidziwitso cha iwo eni komanso oyimira amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Chidwi chomwe chomwe jenda iyi imayimira ndi gawo logonana kwa mwana. Gawo lotsatira ndikukhala ndi chidwi ndi amuna kapena akazi ena, "olakwika", "osati ine." Mwana wopanda zizolowezi zamakhalidwe amapita mpaka pano pafupifupi nthawi yazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kapena pang'ono pang'ono, koma motsimikizika asanafike paunyamata.

Kuwona ngati kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati njira yokhazikika ndikolondola pazandale, koma zopanda nzeru, chifukwa kuyanjana ndi anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumakhala kwakanthawi ndipo kumakhala kokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa zakugonana (osanenapo) zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo).

ZOPHUNZITSIRA KUKULA KWA HOMOSEXUALISM

Pali malingaliro ena akuti kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kungakhale mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo, koma palibe ndi chimodzi chomwe chatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. "Gene Yogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha", pofufuza momwe ndalama zambiri zogulira alendo ogulira amuna amagwiritsira ntchito, akupeza zalephera.

Mwa zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatchedwa:

• zochitika zakugonana koyambirira chiwawa;
• kulumikizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (nthawi zambiri muunyamata);
• kulera, kukhazikika pa magawo oyambilira a chitukuko kapena kusinthika kwa iwo;
• kutalikirana ndi bambo m'banjamo, kapena kusakhalapo kwake (kwa anyamata, kapena chimodzimodzi, mayi kwa atsikana);
• nkhawa zochulukirapo, makamaka pokhudzana ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo;
• kusowa kwazomwe zimachitika pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi;
• zoperewera, makolo osavomereza kugonana kwa mwana (ngati akuyembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi).

Monga mukuwonera, zifukwa zonse, kufunika kwake komwe kwatsimikiziridwa kale pakupanga chikhalidwe cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kumagwirizana ndi gawo la malingaliro. Khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha limatha kutsagana ndi ma pathologies ena, makamaka, kukhumudwa, chikhalidwe cha anthu, phokoso, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, schizophrenia.

Zizindikiro zakugonana

Pankhaniyi, makamaka, chikhala chofunikira kwambiri kukambirana zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chifukwa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati vuto la psycho-chikhalidwe cha anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikufanana nthawi zonse. Madokotala ena azachipatala amazindikira zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe sizoyenera, chifukwa, monga tanena kale, mwana aliyense amadutsa gawo logonana, ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Kuphatikiza apo, achikulire ambiri amasungabe chidwi chotere popanda kuwonetsa zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - mwachitsanzo, misonkhano ya amuna "mu garaja".

Koma kuda nkhawa kwambiri komanso kulumikizana ndi anzawo komanso atsikana omwe si anyamata kapena atsikana kale ndi chifukwa chodera nkhawa makolo. Ndipo mfundoyi sindiye "kugonana amuna kapena akazi okha", koma kusowa kwa maluso olankhulirana, kuopa kuyanjana. Achinyamata oterowo amatha kuwonetsera mchitidwe wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chifukwa muubwenzi wawo ndi anzawo amatsata njira yotsutsana pang'ono, amatenga nawo mbali pazolumikizana. Kuti athandize mwana wotere kuthana ndi mavuto okalamba, amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi makolo ake, mayi ake ndi bambo ake onse.

Kwa munthu wamkulu wokhala ndi vuto logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi khalidwe:

• Kugonana mosalamulirika kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha;

• kufunitsitsa kwamitundu yayitali (kuphatikiza yowonongeka) ya kugonana, yomwe imawonetsedwa, pang'ono,, mwanjira inayake yazovala zanu, kusankha zovala zogogomezedwa;

• Wansanje nthawi zonse pokhudzana ndi wokondedwa wake, nthawi zina amaletsa;

• kukhalapo kwa zosokoneza zina (zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, zoopsa, zoledzera);

• kumangodzimvera chisoni kwakanthawi chifukwa cha moyo wanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malingaliro abwinopo okhudzana ndi zomwe muli nazo.

KULIMA KWA HOMOSEXUALISM

Kumbukirani kuti "zovuta kwa" amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zimalembedwa pansi pa code F66.x1 mu buku la International Classifier of matenda a 10, mu gawo la "Psychological and Behavioral Dissoci Associated for Development Development and Oriental". Chithandizo cha zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ngati wodwalayo ali ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu, akhoza kupeza zabwino. Komabe, ngakhale sizikanatheka kuti asinthe mawonekedwe amunthu wodzipweteka kwambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chimamupatsa mwayi wopeza mphamvu zodzilimbitsa ndikusintha moyo wake, kudzilola iye ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma osati chiwonongeko.

Mwa njira zowongolera machitidwe a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, psychotherapy imakhala pamalo ofunikira. Popeza odwala ambiri ali ndi mbiri yovutikira, ndikofunikira kuzindikira choopsa chomwe chakhala chopunthwitsa kwa wodwalayo. Chochitikachi chimafuna kupezedwa kwatsopano, kuphunzira, malo okhala, kukonzanso. Pachifukwa ichi, mumagwiritsa ntchito njira zopezera hypnotic, chithandizo cha kusasitsa umunthu, chithandizo cha gulu, chithandizo cha anthu, psychodynamic ndi kukonza mankhwala.

Purezidenti wakale wa American Psychological Association, Dr. Nicholas Cumings zanenedwakuti munthawi ya 1959-1979 zaka. chipatala chake adakumana nacho ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha a 18,000, omwe pafupifupi 1,600 adayesetsa kusintha momwe amawaonera. Chifukwa cha chithandizo cha 2,400, adatha kuchita izi. 

Pa depatologization ya kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku APN 1974 losindikizidwa chikalatacho, chomwe chidati "njira zamakono zamankhwala zimalola gawo lalikulu la ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akufuna kusintha malingaliro awo pakufuna kugonana." 

Mu 1979, wochita kafukufuku waku America ndi psychotherapist Irving Bieber, kudzera m'manja mwa 1000 odwala omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adadutsa, adanena kuti ziwonetserozo zimachokera ku 30% mpaka 50%. Kutsatira kwodekha pazaka zotsatirazi za 20 kuwululidwakuti iwo sanakwatirane.

Dokotala Wolemekezeka wa Russian Federation, dokotala wama maganizo a Jan Goland akufotokozera magawo atatu mu psychotherapy ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha:

1) Kufooka kwa zikakamizo ndi zokakamiza zachikhalidwe cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikubweza kwawo kwathunthu. Kukula kwa kukhazikika, wodekha, wopanda chidwi ndi anthu amtundu wawo ndikuchotsa kwathunthu kwachinthu cha eroticism ku maubale awa.

2) Kuthetsa maonekedwe onyenga kwa mkazi. Kupanga kwamalingaliro amtundu wa akazi, onse mwa mawonekedwe okongola (mawonekedwe), komanso mwa uzimu. Kukula ndi kulimbikitsa maluso oyankhulana ndi akazi.

3) Kuphukika ndi kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kukula kopitilira muyeso wokopa zolakwika ndipo, pomalizira pake, kugonana kosalekeza ndi mkazi, komwe kumadzaza ndi zotheka kuzimva.

Njira yakuchira iyenera kukwaniritsa izi:

• Kukopa kopitilira muyeso kwa mzimayi komwe kumakhala zinthu zogonana komanso zokongola.

• Maganizo otsutsa m'mbuyomu ngati osakwanira, opweteka.

• Makhalidwe abambo

• Kuzindikira kuti ndiwe wamtengo wapatali, wamunthu, pamagulu, komanso pogonana.

Kufufuza (kutsatira chithandizo) kwa odwala a 10 kuyambira zaka za 1 mpaka zaka za 7 kunawonetsa kuti odwala adatha kuzindikira moyo wabwino wamtundu wawo ndipo adathetsa kukopeka kwawo kale.

Kuchokera

Zambiri pa njirayi Jana Golanda

Pulofesa wodziwika bwino Aron Belkin adathandizira njira ya Jan Goland. Zambiri: 
https://med.wikireading.ru/51366