I ngcaciso

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1990, izishoshovu zesini e-US zazama ukwenza ukuba amafanasini athathelwe ingqalelo njenge “qela elikhuselweyo” kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo. Ukuze iqela elithile labantu lifumane inqanaba elikhuselweyo, imele ibe yeyentsusa, ingabinayo yonke into kwaye ingaguquki (engeyiyo le gay yabantu). Ngokuphathelene noku, izishoshovu zesini zabhengeza iintsomi ezahlukeneyo ezazithathwa lula zaza zasasazwa yimithombo yeendaba yenkululeko. Ngokuchasene neinyani zezenzululwazi kunye nengqondo eqhelekileyo, ibanga ukuba umntu omnye kwabalishumi abathandana nabantu besini esinye, kwaye ukuba umdla kwisini somntu yinto ezelwe ngayo, njengohlanga, olubangelwa luhlobo oluthile kwaye aluguquki njengombala wolusu. Kwilinge lokuzama ukuzilinganisa nabantu abambalwa abacinezelweyo, abo bathandana nabo bade baqulunqa intetho engeyonyani njenge "ezincinci ngokwesini" kunye "nabantu abathandanayo".

Kuba iinyani zeklinikhi malunga nokuchaswa okuphumelela komtsalane wobungqingili kunye nokutshintshela kubomi obuqhelekileyo abathandana besini kuyayitshabalalisa nzulu intsomi "yokuzalwa" kunye "nokungaguquki" kobungqingili, okwakha konke ukungqinelani kwezopolitiko kwabalwela amalungelo obufanasini, benza imizamo emininzi yokuchasa unyango kwakhona. Akasebenzi nto kwaye unokuba yingozi, nakwabasebenza njengeharlatans kunye nabalandeli bezenkolo.

Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba iAmerican Psychological Association ngaphandle kwemeko idlalile yaya kubalingane abasesitratweni kwisithembiso sabo, nesathi sakhokelela kwizityholo zabo zokuba ubuqhetseba besayensi kweminye imibutho yobungcali. Inyani yile yokuba imibuzo malunga nokulalana kunye nesini isezikhundleni APN 44eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Mbutho woluntu kwi-Psychology yoSapho kunye neNtlobo ngeSini", ephantse iqukwe ngokupheleleyo ngabalweli be-LGBT kunye nabaxhasi babo.

Kwabo mpapashoYenzelwe uluntu ngokubanzi, i-APA ngokukhethekileyo ikhankanya izixhobo ezichaza ukuba unyango lokuphinda ubusebenze alusebenzi kwaye lunokuba yingozi, kodwa kulo Uncwadi lobugcisaenzelwe iingcali, APA ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya:

“Eyokugqibela ubungqina obunamandla bonisa ukuba ukuziqhelanisa nobufanasini kunokutshintshwa ngokwenene kubathengi abanomdla, kwaye iinzame zonyango zokuphinda ziqhelaniswe nazo azivelisi kwenzakala ngokweemvakalelo.

Akukho nto intsha ifumanekayo kule-emva kwi1973, eyakhe UxwebhuI-APA iphakamisa ukubabeka ubungqingili kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo, utshilo u-APA Iindlela zonyango zanamhlanje zivumela inxenye ebalulekileyo yabantu abathandana nabafazi abafuna ukutshintsha indlela abathanda ngayo ukwenza njalo..

I-APA ikwapapashwe kwi-2009 ingxelo inikezelwe ngokupheleleyo kunyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo (i-SOCE). Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngababhali be7 yale ngxelo, abathi banike ukungakhethi kunye nempendulo ejolise kumbuzo malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha imeko engathandekiyo yesini, i-6 ayifihli ukuthanda kwabo ubufanasini ... Nangona kunjalo, emva kokwenza uphononongo olubanzi loncwadi lwezenzululwazi, ababhali bavuma ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba inani elilinganiselweyo lophando olunokuthenjwa alusivumeli ukuba sigqibe kwelokuba iindlela zangoku zokungaziphathi kakuhle ayisebenzi.

Ngokutsho работе I-2015 yonyaka:

“Izilumkiso ezinamandla zokuba unyango lokutsaleleka kubantu besini esifanayo ‘lunokuba yingozi’ ziyalahlekisa yaye ziyingozi kuluntu ngokubanzi. Imibutho efana ne-APA kunye ne-WHO ikhohlisa uluntu xa ilumkisa ukuba kunokubakho ingozi kodwa iyasilela ukuchaza ukuba:
(1) Zonke iinkonzo zengqondo zazo zonke iingxaki zobuqu kunye nezabantu zinokuba yingozi; 
(2) Inzululwazi enoxanduva ayikabonisi ukuba umngcipheko wokwenzakala kunyango lokutsaleleka kwabantu besini esifanayo umkhulu, uyafana, okanye ungaphantsi kunomngcipheko kulo naluphi na olunye unyango lwengqondo.”

Ugqirha ohloniphekileyo waseRussia, ugqirha wengqondo, ugqirha wezonyango kunye nonyango kwengqondo Yan Genrikhovich Goland Uyayazi le nto ngokwakhe: kwiminyaka eyi-60 yokusebenza kwakhe kwengqondo, uncede i-78 amafanasini kunye nabaguli be-transgender be-8 bahlukane nomtsalane ongafunekiyo wesini esifanayo kunye neengxaki zokuchazwa kwesini. “Sele bengotatomkhulu, oomakhulu nootat'omkhulu.

Ukulalana kwabantu besini esifanayo - ukuphazamiseka okungasasebenziyo kwe-neurotic

U-Ian Goland ugqirha wonyango lwe-psychotherapeutic ye-neurosis, i-phobia, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokwesondo, okwenyani kunye ne-transsexualism (ikhowudi F66.x1 kunye F64.0 kwi I-ICD-10). Ukuxhaphaka kobufanasini kuyahambelana ngokupheleleyo nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukuthelekisa:
  • Abantu abane-neurosis enyanzelekileyo (OCD) bayakha 2.3% Inani labemi baseMelika.
  • I-Lesbians, amafanasini kunye nee-bisexbook zenza 2.3% Inani labemi baseMelika.

Buyela kwi-1956, ugqirha wezengqondo odumileyo Edmund Bergler uqaphele ukuba ubufanasini "Iyunithi eguqukayo kunyango lwe-neurosis enesifo esigqwesileyo sokunyanga inyango ngendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo ehlala isusela kwiminyaka ye-1 ukuya kwiminyaka ye-2, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni isiguli sifuna ukutshintsha".

Amava kaJan Goland angqine ngokupheleleyo ukuqaphela komlingane wakhe waseMelika. “Ubufanasini buyanyangeka ukuba umntu ufuna ukunyangwa,” utshilo uJan Genrihovich. Ukuba akukho mnqweno unjalo, akukho siphumo. Izigulana zam kuphela kwabo bangakwaziyo ukunyamezela ubungqingili babo kwaye banesizathu, umnqweno kunye nemfuno yokuba yindoda eyodwa. Ungacingi ukuba bonke abantu abathandana besini esinye nesini ngabalweli beli gay abahamba iiparadise kunye nepuzzle. Abo banesi sifo bangaphezulu kwabo bahlanganisana kwimibutho yezitabane. ”

Abantu baba njani amafanasini?

“Akukho luhlobo lobufanasini. Ingcali yemfuzo yaseMelika, ekuthiwa ifumene ufuzo kubufanasini, kungekudala yavuma ukuba yayiphosakele, kuphela ngamajelo eendaba angazange asixelele nto ngayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba le nto yayilifanasini. Ukuba enyanisweni "ukufunyanwa kwexesha" kwenziwe, ndicinga ukuba le geni ibiya kuboniswa kwiflegi yabantu abanobufanasini, kodwa akukho nto injalo. Amafanasini akazalwa, aba. Ukuze ubufanasini, ubunzima bezinto ezithile kufuneka buhambisane, obuchaphazela ukwenziwa kwesini. Umzekelo: inkwenkwe yazalwa kwaye yaziswa phakathi kwamantombazana, badlala ngoonodoli, iintombi-zoomama - imidlalo yamantombazana. Wakhela uhlobo lokuziphatha kwabafazi. Okanye, yithi, wayenaye ozikhethelayo, utata ongakhathaliyo, ongenamdla ekukhuleni, ehlala exakekile yimicimbi yakhe, kwaye umntwana wakhula yedwa. Kwizikolo ze-ballet, eSuvorov, kwizikolo zekhadethi, imeko-bume ikulungele ukuchuma kobufanasini. Kwaye, ewe, ukufakelwa -amava obuntwana abomeleleyo ahambelana nokwoneliseka ngokwesondo. UKinsey ukwaphawule ukuba uninzi lwamafanasini enza umtsalane kwisini sabo, ukuzibandakanya ekuphulula amalungu esini kunye neengcinga zobufanasini kunye nemibono. Zininzi izinto, unokuzidwelisa ngokungapheliyo. Intlungu kukuba xa eneminyaka eyi-16-17 ukukhula komfana kuxhomekeke kwizandla awela kuzo. Ukuba iwela ezandleni zomfazi olungileyo-iba sisini esahlukileyo, iwele ezandleni zobufanasini-iba lilfanasini. Into enomdla kukuba uninzi lwabantwana abadlwengulwayo bayaqhubeka nokuziphatha ngokwabo ngentonga. Ekukhuleni kwabo, baqala ukutshutshisa abantwana, utyekelo lwabo kwi-pedophilia luyakhula kwaye luzinzile ”.

Luthatha ixesha elingakanani unyango?

“Kum, ikhondo lonyango lobufanasini lithatha ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-10 ukuya kunyaka onesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, kunye nakwisini esitshatileyo, ukusuka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwesibhozo. Konke kuxhomekeke kulwazi kunye namava onyanga ngengqondo. Xa ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ongenabuchule okanye ugqirha wengqondo esenza oku, akusayi kubakho ziphumo zihle. Oogqirha bengqondo abaselula abaninzi ngoku abayazi kwaphela into yokuba ubufanasini buyanyangeka ukuba isiguli sinenjongo. "

Unokuthini kwabo bathi unyango lwengqingili ngabantu abathi bangcungcutheka nje kungenxa yenzuzo, kuba alunyangeki?

Uninzi lwezigulana zam zanyangeka ngamaxesha eSoviet, kwaye unyango e-USSR, njengoko uyazi, lwalukhululekile. Iyintoni inqaku lokuhlukumeza isigulana sam esinye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, kubandakanya nokusebenza emva kweeyure zomsebenzi, ngaphandle kokufumana ipeni ngenxa yoko ukuba akunakuphila? Ndisebenzela iziphumo. Ndithathe abaguli bam abanyangiweyo ndaya kwiisemina ezahlukeneyo kunye neengqungquthela ze-sexopathology, ogqirha abadumileyo kunye noprofesa bathetha nabo, phakathi kwabo G. S. Vasilchenko, P. B. Posvyansky, A. I. Belkin - bonke bazibona iziphumo zonyango lwam. Ngapha koko, iingcali zengqondo ezaziwayo zihlala zinebhongo xa zikhokelela isigulana esitshatileyo kubomi bobungqingili- uAuguste Trout, uMilton Erickson, uWilliam Masters noVirginia Johnson nabanye abaninzi.

Kuya kuvela ukuba ungowokuqala kwaye ungoyingcaphephe e-Russia, ukubandakanyeka ngempumelelo kunyango lobufanasini?

"Utitshala wam-Unjingalwazi uNikolai Vladimirovich Ivanov ngaphambi kwam wayeneziphumo ze-2, kwaye utitshala wakhe-iziphumo ze-Igor Stepanovich Sumbaev - iziphumo ze-7. I. S. Sumbaev wayengowokuqala, owesibini yayinguN. V. Ivanov, owesithathu yayindim. ”

Ngaba ungabaphatha bonke abantu besini esinye?

Hayi. Umntu unokuncedwa kuphela ukuba ubaphethwe ngumtsalane wakhe, umqonda njengosentlungwini kwaye unentshukumisa enamandla yokumsusa kuye. Ukuba uyakwamkela ukutyekela kwakhe, kwaye, ukongeza, uyakonwabela, akunampatho ukumphatha. Le yinkcitho yexesha lethu, eyethu neyomguli. ”

Malunga nokuba yeyiphi na ikhondo yonyango, lunjani unxibelelwano i-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov anayo kunyango lobufanasini kunye nolwazi olunomdla olunomdla - kwividiyo:

Ukongeza:

• Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zendlela yonyango lwezengqondo uJ. G. Goland kwiwebhusayithi yakhe: goland.su

Inqaku elibhalwe nguJan Goland elivela kwingqokelela yemisebenzi yeZiko loPhando laseMoscow: "Kwakwakhiwa nje ngokwamanqanaba onyango ngokwengqondo kubantu besini esifanayo"

• Udliwanondlebe no-Ian Goland osuka kwi2014 yonyaka eneenkcukacha ezincinci kwiwebhusayithi “Iplanethi yaseRashiya»

• Unjingalwazi A. I. Belkin malunga noJ. G. Goland

• Edmund Bergler: Unyango loBungqingili

• Intsomi yokungasebenzi kweempawu zesondo

• "Abantu abaninzi abathandana besini esifanayo bakwazile ukuba neentlobano zesini esinye" -inqaku leNew York Times

• UJoseph Nicolosi: Uhlobo oluxhalabisayo lobufanasini

• Unyango kwakhona -Indlela yamvanje yokuphelisa umtsalane wesini ongafunekiyo.

• Wenziwa njani umdla wabantu abathandana abathandanayo? (ividiyo)

• Owayesakuba elifanasini uxela indlela yokutshintsha (ividiyo)

• UGerard Aardweg: isikhokelo sokuzihlola ngokwakho kubufanasini

• Abantu abathandana besini esinye e-US baqala ukuyiyeka ingxoxo "yokuzalwa"

• Imbali yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwamafanasini kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo