Iprojekthi ye-10, ethatha igama layo kwiintsomi zokuba umntu omnye kwabalishumi ulifanasini, yasekwa ngo-1984 eLos Angeles. Injongo yale projekthi, ngokutsho komfundisi wesini lesini uVirginia Uribe, owayisekayo, "kukuqinisekisa abafundi, ukuqala enkulisa, ukuba bamkele isimilo sobufanasini njengesiqhelekileyo nesinqwenelekayo." Uye wathi kufanelekile ukusebenzisa iinkundla zikarhulumente ukunyanzela izikolo ukuba zisasaze ulwazi malunga nobufanasini. Ngokutsho kwakhe, "abantwana kufuneka beve oku, ukusuka kwisikolo sabantwana abancinci ukuya kwisikolo esiphakamileyo, kuba umbono wakudala wokuthetha ngawo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo awusebenzi."
Wavuma wathi: “Le yimfazwe ... Mna ke, asiyondawo yesazela. Kufuneka siyilwe le mfazwe ".

Idilesi: Intloko yeNkonzo kaRhulumente yoLwaphulo-mthetho loKhuseleko lwaMalungelo abaThengi kunye neMpilo-ntle yoLuntu, u-A. Yu. Popova

Ikopi: kwintloko yesebe le-Research Institute of Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor, uV.V. Pokrovsky.

Enkosi Anna Yurievna!

Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky egameni Rospotrebnadzor wathi [1] ukubaluleka imfundo ngesondo ezikolweni.

1. Sikucela ukuba uqhube uphando lwangaphakathi kwaye ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi idatha yesayensi kunye nezibalo uVadim Valentinovich enze le nkcazo enkulu. Ngaba yenziwe njengenxalenye yokuzaliseka okuyimfama kweemfuno zemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe eRashiya?

2. Nceda ukhangele ukuba uVadim Valentinovich usebenza njenge-arhente yangaphandle malunga nokuvakalisa imfuno "yemfundo yesondo" kubantwana baseRashiya, nokuba unelungelo lokuthetha egameni likaRospotrebnadzor.

3. Sikucela ukuba uhlolisise ukufaneleka kobuchwephesha beVadim Valentinovich malunga nokungahambelani kweengxelo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweenyaniso.

4. Siyakucela ukuba uhlole izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation ngokuthobela izicwangciso zophuhliso ezizimeleyo, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa kwabemi (izivumelwano ze-UN zijolise ekunciphiseni izinga lokuzalwa), kwaye uncome ukuhoxiswa kwezo zivumelwano ezingahambelaniyo noMgaqo-siseko. iRussian Federation kunye nesicwangciso sophuhliso lwaseRashiya.

5. Siyakucela ukuba ufunde impembelelo "yemfundo yesondo" ecetyiswa yi-UN, ukuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kobuhenyu kunye nokupheliswa kwemilinganiselo yokuthintela ukukhupha isisu kwi-epidemiological ukhuseleko lwamaRashiya, iziphumo zempilo kunye ne-demografia.

6. Yenza ingxelo esemthethweni ngeziphumo zophando.

Ukufunda uluvo lobuchwephesha, izibheno zabhalwa kwiSebe lezeMfundo laseRussian Federation, kubandakanywa nemimandla, ebonisa imithombo kunye nezigqibo, kunye nesiphakamiso sokuvavanya imfuno yokwazisa ngemfundo yesondo ezikolweni. Iimpendulo ezingabonakaliyo zafunyanwa malunga nokungamkeleki kweempembelelo ezinjalo kubantwana, kunye nokungabikho kwezicwangciso zokwazisa "imfundo yesondo". La masebe athi umsebenzi wawo ujolise ekudaleni umoya wentlonipho yehlabathi lonke kwintsapho yesithethe nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ekukhuliseni abantwana ngokomoya nangokuziphatha.

Kule meko, isincomo sommeli weRospotrebnadzor ekuqalisweni kwe "seksprosvet" ibonakala ingenamsebenzi.

Iingcebiso zekomiti ye-UN

IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-CEDAW) liqumrhu leengcaphephe ezizimeleyo ezijongene nokuphunyezwa kwamaqela aMazwe kwiNgqungquthela yokupheliswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zocalucalulo oluchasene nabaseTyhini. Ukuphunyezwa kwesi sivumelwano (njengamanye amaxwebhu amaninzi e-UN) kuncitshiswe ekutshatyalalisweni kwentsapho yendabuko, kubandakanywa nokufundiswa kwe-anti-natal indoctrination yabantu abatsha, echazwe "njengemfundo yesondo".

Le kunye nezinye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zisetyenziswa ngamatsha ntliziyo eLGBT* ukuxhasa imisebenzi yawo.

Ukongeza kumnqweno wokuseka umsebenzi weeNGOs zaseNtshona kwintsimi yaseRashiya ngaphandle kokubhaliswa ngabameli bamazwe angaphandle, ikomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ikhuthaza [2] ukwazisa isicwangciso esibanzi esijoliswe kubasetyhini kunye namadoda kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu, kuquka iinkokeli zonqulo. , ukuze "ukuphelisa iinkolelo kunye neengcamango ze-patriarchal malunga nendima kunye noxanduva lwabasetyhini kunye namadoda kwintsapho kunye noluntu ". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe kwikharityhulam yesinyanzelo yezikolo zaseprayimari nezizisekondari ikhosi ebanzi yemfundo ngempilo yezesondo kunye nenzala kunye namalungelo afanelekileyo kumantombazana namakhwenkwe kunye nokugunyazisa ukuhenyuza ngokusemthethweni (inqaku lokurhoxisa 6.11 leKhowudi yoLawulo), ngelixa ubhangisa amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhomfa.

Ngamazwi alula, ikomiti ye-UN ifuna eRashiya ukutshatyalaliswa kwemilinganiselo yemveli, kubandakanywa phakathi kweenkokeli zonqulo, ukuqaliswa kwe "imfundo yesondo", ukupheliswa kokuthintela ukukhupha isisu kunye nokuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kobuhenyu, kubandakanywa ngoncedo lwama-arhente angaphandle.

Ngo-1994, kwasayinwa iSivumelwano saseCairo, sixoxa ngokuzala kwabantu, ulwakhiwo losapho, kunye nesondo. Injongo ephambili yayikukunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa , elalivezwa ngendlela ebonisa ububele yokulingana ngokwesini, inkxalabo ngempilo yokuzala yabasetyhini, kunye nentlonipho yamalungelo abo okuzala (oko kukuthi, ukukhupha isisu kunye nokuvala inzala). Amanyathelo athile okususa abantu adwelisiweyo aquka "imfundo yesondo," ukuthintela ukukhulelwa, kunye nepropaganda yokulwa nokulawula ukuzalwa.

Iimfuno ezinjalo ziphikisana nezicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo zokuphuhliswa kweRussian Federation kwaye zijongela phantsi ukhuseleko lwabantu baseRashiya, ziphikisana nomyalelo kamongameli "Kwienjongo zophuhliso lwesizwe lweRussian Federation kwixesha ukuya kwi-2030", nto leyo ebonisa imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ngokuzinzileyo. ukukhula kwabemi beRussian Federation, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla okuzala kunye nexesha elilindelekileyo lokuphila kwabantu baseRashiya.

Amava amazwe ngamazwe okwazisa imfundo ngesondo

Igunyaziswe yi-CDC kwi-2017, i-meta-analysis yezifundo [3] etyholwa ukuba ibonise ukuphumelela kweenkqubo "zemfundo yesondo" yafumanisa ukuba yayinomgangatho ophantsi we-methodological kwaye ineziphumo eziphikisanayo ezingavumeli ukuzoba izigqibo ezicacileyo.

Uphononongo emva konyaka [4] alufumananga bungqina bokuba iinkqubo zokufundisa ngesondo esikolweni ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukukhulelwa kolutsha kunye nokuthintela i-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Olunye uhlalutyo: “Ngaba iinkqubo zesikolo ziyayithintela i-HIV nolunye usulelo oludluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini kulutsha olufikisayo?” Kwafikelela kwisigqibo esifanayo [5]: “Uphononongo, kuqukwa nolingo olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga, lwalunomgangatho ophantsi wendlela yokusebenza yaye lwalunezigqibo ezixubeneyo ezingakwaziyo ukuphumelela. ukunika izizathu ezibambekayo zokuphumelela kweenkqubo zesikolo. "

Ngowama-2019, abaphandi abavela kwi-Institute for Research and Evaluation (IRE) bapapashe uphononongo lwehlabathi oluhlola uncwadi ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemfundo yesondo: imfundo epheleleyo yesondo (CSE) kunye nemfundo yesondo yokuzila kuphela (AE) [6]. Njengoko ababhali bolu phononongo bebhala, "Xa kuvavanywa ngokwemigangatho eqinileyo, isiseko sedatha sezifundo ezili-103 eziqinileyo nezakutshanje ze-CSE, ezihlolwe umgangatho ziiarhente ezintathu zenzululwazi ezidumileyo (i-UNESCO, i-CDC, kunye ne-HHS), safumana ubungqina obuncinci bokusebenza kwe-CSE kwiindawo zesikolo kunye neziphumo ezininzi ezimbi. Kwiziphumo ezimbalwa ezilungileyo, phantse zonke zithathwe kubaphuhlisi beenkqubo kwaye azikaphindaphindwa. Uphando lweminyaka engamashumi amathathu lubonisa ukuba imfundo epheleleyo yesondo ayisosicwangciso sempilo yoluntu esisebenzayo kwiiklasi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ezi nkqubo zinokubangela ingozi ."

Ungayibonakalisa njani imisebenzi yabantu abazama ukunyanzelisa indlela engasebenziyo neyingozi kubantwana bethu? Ngaba i-Rospotrebnadzor icebisa ukutya komntwana, izibonelelo ezingakhange ziqinisekiswe kwaye kukho ubungqina bokulimala kwimpilo? Yaye kuthekani “ngokukhanyisa ngokwesini”?

Iimpembelelo zokuqaliswa kweendlela zokufundisa ngesondo ngokweendlela ze-WHO

Idatha ye-United States ibonelelwa yi-CDC [7]. Kubekho ukwanda okubukhali nokuzinzileyo kwizehlo zezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STDs) kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Amazinga e-STD anyukile kunyaka wesihlanu olandelelanayo [8] kwaye afikelele kumanqanaba erekhodi. Amatyala e-syphilis yokuzalwa (esuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa) anyuke nge-2017% ukusuka kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-40. Igcushuwa yokuzalwa inokukhokelela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, ekuzalweni, ukufa kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye neengxaki ezinzulu zobomi bomzimba nemithambo-luvo. Kubonwa umfanekiso ofanayo eNgilani. Ngokutsho kwedatha karhulumente, phakathi kwe-2014 kunye ne-2018, inani lokuxilongwa kwe-chlamydia kumadoda alala namadoda - i-MSM (i-61%: ukusuka kwi-11 ukuya kwi-760), i-syphilis (i-18%: ukusuka ku-892 ukuya ku-61) kunye ne-gonorrhea (3527%). : ukusuka kwi-5681 ukuya kwi-43) [18].

E-Netherlands [10], inani lokuxilongwa kwe-syphilis linyuke nge-2016% kwi-30 xa kuthelekiswa ne-2015. Olu lwando lubangelwa ikakhulu kukwanda kwenani loxilongo phakathi kwe-MSM, kunye nangaphandle kwe-HIV. Uvavanyo lwe-STD kwiZiko leMpilo yezeSondo (CSG) ngo-2019 lubonise [11] ukuba ipesenti yabachatshazelwa yi-STD yonyuka xa kuthelekiswa no-2018. Inani lokuxilongwa kwe-syphilis landa nge-16,8%, kunye ne-gonorrhea - nge-11%, ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-MSM.

I-Chlamydia sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo sokwabelana ngesondo eFinland. Ngo-2019, phantse i-16 iimeko zosulelo lwe-chlamydia zafunyaniswa, eli-200 ngaphezulu kwe-1000. Eli lelona zinga liphezulu lonyaka elakha labhalwa kuBhaliso lweSizwe lweZifo ezosulelayo. Ukusasazeka kosulelo kwenzeka ikakhulu kubantu abancinci: phantse i-2018% yabo bafunyaniswayo yayineminyaka eyi-80-15. Iziganeko ze-gonorrhea kunye ne-syphilis nazo zandile [29].

Izazinzulu zaseOstreliya zibhala “ngegonorrhea exhaphakileyo phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda angamafanasini” [13].

EJamani, kwixesha elivela kwi-2010 (unyaka wokupapashwa kwendlela "yemfundo yesondo" WHO) ukuya ku-2017, iziganeko ze-syphilis zanda ngo-83% ukuya kwi-9,1 kwiimeko ze-100 zabemi [000].

Ukongeza, inani labantu abathanda abantu abathandana besini esifanayo liyakhula phakathi kwabantu abancinci, kwaye inani labantu abanengxaki yesazisi ngokwesini - "i-dysphoria yesini" iyanda njengobhubhani, ngelixa ukonyuka okulinganayo kosulelo uphawu lwe-MSM alukwenzi. vumela ukwanda kwe-LGBT* ukuba kucaciswe ngokuvuleka okwandisiweyo kwabaphenduli [14].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVCJUuh-pCk

Ngokuka-Yougov [15]: "Ngo-2019, bekukho phantse isiqingatha senani" labantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo "phakathi kwamaBritane aneminyaka eyi-18-24 kunabantu abakwinqanaba labadala (44% xa kuthelekiswa nama-81%). Ukuba kwi-poll efanayo ngo-2015 kuphela i-2% yabantu abatsha bazichaza "njenge-bisexual", emva kweminyaka emi-4 inani labo lenyuka ngamaxesha angama-8 - ukuya kwi-16% ".

Phakathi kwabantu abakhetha ubufanasini, kukho ukwanda kokuziphatha okuyingozi kunye nosulelo. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom kuyehla, kwaye izazinzulu ziqikelela ukwehla ngakumbi kusetyenziso lwekhondom [16].

Ukusuka kwiwebhusayithi yeCDC [17]: “I-MSM (amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda) asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STD zentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya ngenxa yokuba zisebenzisa isondo ezimpundu. I-rectal mucosa ichaphazeleka ngokungaqhelekanga kwiintsholongwane ezithile zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ukongeza, amaqabane amaninzi ngesondo, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunye ne-networking dynamics ye-MSM yonyusa umngcipheko we-HIV kunye ne-STIs kweli qela. Izehlo zosulelo lwe-HIV zehla kakhulu phakathi kwe-MSM ukusuka ngo-1980 ukuya phakathi koo-1990. Noko ke, ukususela ngelo xesha, iMSM yaseUnited States nakuwo onke amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino aye afumana amanqanaba okwanda kwegcushuwa (esiyisiqalo, eyesibini, okanye esabisaqala), i<em>gonorrhea, usulelo lwe<em>chlamydial, nomlinganiselo ophakamileyo wokuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesini.”

Kwintetho yakhe, uVadim Valentinovich, ethetha ngemeko ye-HIV eNtshona, akathethi ukuba oku kwehla akufezekiswanga ngokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi phakathi kwabantu, ikakhulu abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kodwa ngokusebenzisa amayeza phakathi kwamaqela asemngciphekweni. Yena ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuba usulelo lwe-HIV luyenzeka phakathi kwabantu abaselula abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-23-25 ​​ubudala, kodwa ugxininisa ekuqaliseni imfundo yesondo ezikolweni, endaweni yokuba emva koko kuqalise amaqela asengozini afana noonongogo, abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kunye nabasebenzisi beziyobisi.

Ileta yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo weRussian Federation yomhla wama-22 kuMatshi 2018 No. 15-3/10/2-1811 ethi “Ngokuphathelele ukwanda kokosulelwa yi-HIV ebantwaneni” ithi: “Ukosulelwa yi-HIV ebantwaneni kubangelwa ikakhulu kukudluliselwa kwe-HIV ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana .”

Ulwazi lokuba ukuthandana kwabantu besini esinye kuye kwaba yindlela ephambili yosulelo lwe-HIV luyathandabuzeka kuxwebhu (idatha ye-HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2020: 2019) [19], oluthi idatha ngabantu abathandana besini esinye “mayitolikwe ngononophelo” kuba “Ezinye izifundo ezenziwe kwimpuma yeSithili zifumanise ukuba ulwazi ngeendlela zosulelo lunokuba nocalucalulo, njengoko uninzi lwezigulane ezibhalisiweyo njengeziganeko zosulelo lwabantu besini esinye zinembali yokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngenaliti okanye, kwimeko yamadoda, isondo phakathi kwamadoda .” Oku kuyavunywa yiZiko le-AIDS [ https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/ ] kunye nezinye iingcali ezigxininisa kwimfuneko yokuthintela i-HIV kumaqela asengozini, oko kukuthi phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, ahlala ekhokela ekusasazweni kwe-HIV kwi-EU/EEA.

Ingxelo yaseYurophu, echaza amanyathelo okulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV, ithi kufuneka isekelwe kubungqina besayensi (idatha yesayensi ebonisa ukuphumelela "kwemfundo yesondo", akukho) kwaye idwelisa amanyathelo abandakanya ukuhlolwa, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, isaziso somlingani. , i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxininise ngokukodwa ekufikeleleni kumaqela angundoqo asemngciphekweni [amafanasini, amadoda athandana nesini kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi]. Le ngxelo ayithethi nto ngemfuneko yokufundiswa ngesondo kubantwana ezikolweni, njengoko uninzi losulelo lwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikolo kwiminyaka eyi-37 ephakathi.

Abantwana baseRashiya nangaphandle kwe "seksprosvet" bafumana ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nesakhiwo senkqubo yokuzala kwizifundo zebhayoloji, kwaye baqhelana ne-STD kunye neendlela zabo zokuthintela ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthamo oyimfuneko kwizifundo ze-OBZH. Ingxelo ye-FBSI yeZiko loPhando oluPhakathi lwe-Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor ithi "umlinganiselo wabaselula kunye nolutsha lwehla ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-0,9%; ngo-2000, babalelwa 24,7% amatyala amatsha usulelo lwe-HIV, yaye ngo-2010 - 2,2% ”. E-Russia, ngo-1996, kwazanywa ukuba kuqhutywe izifundo ezilingwayo kwimfundo ngesondo, ngelixa kukho ukwanda okubukhali kwe-STIs.

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abangamawaka angama-6 bafuna ukuba bayeke "ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo", eyaqaliswa liziko le-methodological "Holis", ngoncedo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungoneliseki kwabazali komelezwa luvavanyo olubi kakhulu lweZiko lezeNtlalo kunye neNgqondo yaseNgqondweni. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service phantsi koMongameli weRussian Federation kunye neZiko leSizwe leSayensi yeNarcology yaseRoszdrav. Kwakubonakala ngathi umbuzo "wemfundo yesondo" ekugqibeleni wavalwa kumagunya aphezulu, kodwa umbuzo waphakanyiswa ukusuka apho babengalindelanga khona - ukusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Igatya 9.6 lemithetho yococeko kunye ne-epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 ivumela imiyalelo engaxhaswanga ngokwenzululwazi kwicandelo lezemfundo, enokuthi ibe yingxaki yokhuseleko lwesizwe kwaye iphikisana neenjongo zophuhliso lweqhinga le-Russian Federation - uqoqosho lwesizwe, ekubeni izifundo zemfundo yesondo ziyacetyiswa njengenxalenye yeendlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo ziquka ukwenza ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili, ubungqingili, utywala, izenzo zesondo ezingaqhelekanga ( isondo esingasemva ), kunye nokungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukusasazwa kwemifanekiso engamanyala kunye nezinye izixhobo ezitsalela abantwana kwiindlela zokuphila eziyingozi; kunye nokusebenza namaqela asengozini.

Iinjongo "zokukhanyisa ngesondo"

Sicebisa ukuba ufunde inqaku elineenkcukacha ezithe vetshe leqela elithi “ Science for Truth ” [ https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/ ] malunga neenjongo kunye neziphumo zokuphumeza “imfundo yesondo” ngokweendlela ze-UN.

Uphononongo olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseAkron lufumanise ukuba imfundo yezokwabelana ngesondo ibangela ukuba abafundi babe nonyamezelo kwaye bangabi nabuchasi bokutenxa ngokwesondo (nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ikhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kubo).

UMlawuli we-Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) uSergei Naryshkin wenza inani leengxelo ezibalulekileyo kwintlanganiso yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nemiba yokhuseleko e-Ufa. Uqinisekile ukuba phantsi kwesizathu "sokukhulula abantu" imikhosi yomyalelo wehlabathi elitsha ilwa imfazwe enenjongo ngokuchasene nezithethe zemveli kunye nesazisi sesizwe. Kule meko, abantu abatsha baphantsi kweyona nkqubo icokisekileyo.

"Ukwenzela ukukhawuleza ukukhukuliseka kwengcamango yesini, ixabiso lentsapho kunye nomtshato, iinkqubo ziphunyezwa ukukhuthaza" amalungelo" oluntu lwe-LGBT *, ukusabalalisa iingcamango zobufazi obucacileyo ... Ngokwenene, i Ingongoma kukwenza abantu babe bodwa, abantu abanengxaki ye-neurotic abanesimo sengqondo esitshintshe ngokusisigxina. Kuyacaca ukuba abantu abanjalo bajolise ekusetyenzisweni, ngakumbi ukuba babambe i-iPhone eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi.

Imibuliso, iqela leNzululwazi yeNyaniso

Iincwadi

1. https://lenta.ru/news/2020/12/04/sekposvett/
2. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (ikhonkco elifutshane https://vk.cc/bVLoGS).
3. UMirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Ngaba iiNkqubo zaseSikolweni ziyayithintela i-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo kuBantu abafikisayo? Ukuphononongwa okuCwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta. Ngaphambili Sci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
4. Marseille, E., Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA et al. Ukusebenza kweNkqubo yoKhuseleko lweSikolweni soKhulelwa kwabaselula e-USA: uPhononongo oluCwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta. Ngaphambili Sci 19, 468-489 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0861-6
5. Mirzazadeh A, Biggs MA, Viitanen A, Horvath H, Wang LY, Dunville R, Barrios LC, Kahn JG, Marseille E. Ngaba Iinkqubo Ezisekelwe Ezikolo Ziyinqanda I-HIV kunye Nolunye Usulelo Oludluliselwa Ngesondo KuBantu Abafikisayo? Ukuphononongwa okuCwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta. Ngaphambili Sci. 2018 May; 19 (4): 490-506. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0. PMID: 28786046.
6. U-Ericksen, u-Irene H., kunye nokhula, uStan E. (2019). "Ukuphonononga kwakhona ubungqina beSifundo esiBanzi seSini esiBanzi seSikolweni: Uphononongo loPhando lweHlabathi." Imiba kuMthetho kunye noNyango, 34 (2): 161-182.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2019/2018-STD-surveillance-report.html
9. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables
10. https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/sexually-transmitted-infections-including-hiv-in-netherlands-in-2016
11. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html
12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. Callander D, Guy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; UKUFIKELELA Intsebenziswano. I-Gonorrhea ihambile: ukwanda kwezehlo ze-gonorrhea kunye nemiba esemngciphekweni eyayanyaniswa nayo phakathi kwamadoda athandana namanye amadoda aya kwiikliniki zempilo yezesondo zase-Australia. Impilo yezesondo. 2019 Septemba; 16 (5): 457-463. doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. PMID: 30409244.
14. Mercer CH, Fenton KA, Copas AJ, Wellings K, Erens B, McManus S, Nanchahal K, Macdowall W, Johnson AM. Ukwanda kokuxhaphaka kobudlelwane bobufanasini kunye nezenzo eBritani ngo-1990-2000: ubungqina obuvela kuvavanyo lwesizwe olunokwenzeka. UGawulayo. 2004 Jul 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. PMID: 15199322.
15. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2019/07/03/one-five-young-people-identify-gay-lesbian-or-bise
16. UFairley CK, Prestage G, Bernstein K, Mayer K, Gilbert M. 2020, izifo ezosulela ngesondo kunye ne-HIV kwi-gay, bisexual kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda. Impilo yezesondo. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920748/
19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Phendula 1 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

Kwafuneka ndibhale isibheno sesibini kule nto ingabhaliswanga.

Impendulo eyafunyanwa ngoMatshi 4, 2021, inombolo 09-3929-2021-05, kwisibheno esivela kwiqela elithi " Science for Truth ," elithunyelwe nguSenator waseRashiya uMargarita Nikolaevna Pavlova, yabangela ukuba kucinge kungekuphela nje ngekhono likaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky kodwa nangekhono likaRospotrebnadzor, omelwe nguIrina Viktorovna Bragina. Impendulo yakhe yayimangalisa zombini ngenxa yokungakhathali kwayo (impendulo yayiquka isihloko esingakhankanywanga kwisicelo esithi, "Ekuqhubeni uvavanyo lokuphumeza imeko-bume yemfundo yedijithali") kunye nezigqibo ezingenabungqina zengxelo yeZiko laseYurophu loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela. Ngaphezu koko, iingxoxo, imithombo, kunye nesiphakamiso sokufunda izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zaseRashiya kwisibheno esivela kwi-"Science for Truth" azizange ziqwalaselwe.

I-Rospotrebnadzor iyabizwa ukuba ikhusele inhlalakahle yabantu, kwaye ukuba abantu abangaziyo indlela yokusebenza kunye nemithombo yesayensi kunye nezibalo bathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, impilo-ntle isengozini ecacileyo, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo nguRhulumente weRussian Federation. kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo zombutho.

Ngokommiselo weRospotrebnadzor, "INtloko yeNkonzo ye-Federal for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare inoxanduva lokwenziwa kwemisebenzi eyabelwe iNkonzo. Intloko ye-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare inamasekela atyunjwe kwaye agxothwe nguRhulumente weRussian Federation ngesindululo sentloko yeNkonzo.

Makhe sihlalutye ezinye iimpazamo kwimpendulo ka-Irina Viktorovna

Ngaba abantu abathandana nabesini esahlukileyo iye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lwe-HIV?

Ingxoxo yokuba ukudluliselwa kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo kuye kwaba yindlela ephambili yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV iyabuzwa kuxwebhu ngokwalo olucatshulwe ngu-Irina Viktorovna (ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV/AIDS eYurophu ngo-2020: idatha ka-2019), oluthi idatha ngabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo “mayitolikwe ngononophelo” kuba “Ezinye izifundo ezenziwe kwimpuma yeNgingqi zifumanise ukuba ulwazi ngeendlela zokudluliselwa lunokuba nocalucalulo, njengoko uninzi lwezigulane ezibhalisiweyo njengeziganeko zosulelo lwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo zinembali yokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngenaliti okanye, kwimeko yamadoda, isondo phakathi kwamadoda .” Oku kuyavunywa yiZiko le-AIDS [ https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/ ] kunye nezinye iingcali ezigxininisa kwimfuneko yokuthintela i-HIV kumaqela asengozini, oko kukuthi phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, ahlala ekhokela ekusasazweni kwe-HIV kwi-EU/EEA.

Isigqibo esingenasizathu malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokwehla kwezehlo ze-HIV kunye nemfundo ngesondo

Ecaphula "idatha yokujonga i-HIV/AIDS eYurophu ngo-2020: 2019," u-Irina Viktorovna uthi ukwanda kwe-HIV eFransi kuphindwe kabini kunaseJamani, kwaye wenza isigqibo esingenasihlahla sokuba ukwehla kwenani le-HIV kunxulunyaniswa nemfundo yesondo kumaziko emfundo, nto leyo enyanzelekileyo eJamani. Emva koko ubhala ngesidingo sokwandisa iinkqubo zemfundo ezinjalo eRashiya. Le yingxelo engenasihlahla, njengoko uxwebhu oluthethwayo lungenzi sigqibo sinjalo kwaye alukhankanyi kwaphela iinkqubo zemfundo yesondo. Ushiya ulwazi malunga nokuba ngo-2019, xa kuthelekiswa no-2018, ukwanda kwe-HIV eJamani kwanda ukusuka kwi-3,5 ukuya kwi-3,7 kubantu abayi-100,000. Kwaye eFransi , apho imfundo yesondo inganyanzelekanga, yehla . E-Estonia, apho imfundo yesondo inganyanzelekanga, ukwanda kwe-HIV kuphezulu kuneziganeko eJamani naseFransi zidibene. Ngaphezu koko, eJamani, njengase-US naseYurophu, ukwanda kwezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo kuyanda, nangona kuqaliswa iiklasi zemfundo yesondo, nto leyo ebonisa ezinye izizathu zokwehla kwenani le-HIV. EJamani, phakathi kowama-2010 nowama-2017, ukwanda kwesifo se-syphilis kunyuke ngama-83% ukuya kwi-9,1 yeemeko kubantu abayi-100,000.

Ingxelo yaseYurophu, echaza amanyathelo okulwa nobhubhane we-HIV, ithi kufuneka isekelwe kubungqina besayensi (idatha yesayensi engqina ukusebenza "kwemfundo yesondo" - hayi) kwaye idwelisa amanyathelo abandakanya ukuhlolwa, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, ukwaziswa kweqabane, kwangaphambili. -exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxininise ngokukodwa ekufikeleleni kumaqela angundoqo asemngciphekweni [amafanasini, amadoda athandana nesini kunye namanye amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi]. Le ngxelo ayithethi nto ngemfuneko yokufundiswa ngesondo kubantwana ezikolweni, njengoko uninzi lwezifo zivela ngaphandle kwesikolo kwiminyaka ephakathi kwe-37. Ngako oko, ukubhekisela kuka-Irina Viktorovna kuxwebhu lwe-WHO lumzamo wokubhenela igunya lobuxoki (i-argumentum ad verecundiam), kwaye impendulo yakhe, engasekelwe kwidatha yoxwebhu olukhankanyiweyo, ihloselwe ukulahlekisa uSenator weRussian Federation.

Nokuba bengenayo "imfundo yesondo," abantwana baseRashiya bafumana ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nolwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokuzala kwiiklasi zebhayoloji, kwaye zigutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo nangokuchanekileyo kwiiklasi zokhuseleko lobomi malunga nezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo kunye neendlela zokuzithintela. Ingxelo evela kwiCentral Research Institute of Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor ithi "inani labantu abaselula kunye nabantu abadala abaselula lehle laya kwi -0,9% ngo-2020 ; ngo-2000, babalelwa kwi-24,7% yosulelo olutsha lwe-HIV, kwaye ngo-2010, yi-2,2% . ERashiya, ngo-1996, kwaqaliswa uvavanyo lwezifundo zemfundo yesondo, kodwa kwabonwa ukwanda okukhulu kwezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo.

Imbali iyaziphindaphinda

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abangamawaka angama-6 bafuna ukuba bayeke "ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo", eyaqaliswa liziko le-methodological "Holis", ngoncedo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungoneliseki kwabazali komelezwa luvavanyo olubi kakhulu lweZiko lezeNtlalo kunye neNgqondo yaseNgqondweni. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service phantsi koMongameli weRussian Federation kunye neZiko leSizwe leSayensi yeNarcology yaseRoszdrav. Kwakubonakala ngathi umbuzo "wemfundo yesondo" ekugqibeleni wavalwa kumagunya aphezulu, kodwa umbuzo waphakanyiswa ukusuka apho babengalindelanga khona - ukusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Igatya 9.6 lemithetho yococeko kunye ne-epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 echazwe kwimpendulo ivumela ukumisela imiyalelo engenasiseko ngokwenzululwazi kwicandelo lezemfundo, elinokuthi libe yingxaki yokhuseleko lwesizwe kwaye liphikisana neenjongo zeqhinga lophuhliso lweRussian Federation - ukusindisa. abantu, ekubeni izifundo zokufundisa ngesondo ziyacetyiswa njengenxalenye yeendlela zokunciphisa ukuchuma.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokwabelana ngesondo zinokungeniswa kwezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokukhuthaza ubufanasini, ukugqithiswa kwesondo, ukusela utywala, izenzo zesondo ezingaqhelekanga (isondo sangasese), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwephonografi kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanya abantwana kubomi obuyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqela asengozini.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuthinteleni ulwazi oluyingozi nguRospotrebnadzor alusebenzi, izinto zifumaneka kwiintanethi zentlalo, iindawo zokubamba ividiyo, iivenkile zeencwadi, i-cinema kunye nomabonwakude.

Sinyanzelwa ukuba singcikive oogxa bethu baseRashiya ngokuthula (kwiimpapasho zenzululwazi), ezinokuthi zilinganiswe nokungcatsha, kuba bayaqonda ukuba utshintsho lwentlalo luxhomekeke kwiziganeko kwintlalo yenzululwazi, ngakumbi kwiinkalo zengqondo kunye nengqondo, apho, Uxinzelelo oluvela kumatsha-ntliziyo e-LGBT * kwizazinzulu, Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngakumbi nangakumbi kubonwa njengesiqhelo kwaye kukhuthazwe njengokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo: okokuqala ubufanasini, kwaye emva koko i-transsexualism kunye ne-sadomasochism nge-pedophilia, engabangeli nkxalabo kwisigulana. Yintoni elandelayo?

Isibongozo seqela elithi "Science for Truth," elixhaswa ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-40, sicebisa ukunceda izazinzulu kulo msebenzi unzima—ukugcina ulawulo lwenzululwazi lwaseRashiya: " Qinisekisa ukuba izazinzulu zaseRashiya zinokuvakalisa isikhundla sazo senzululwazi ngaphandle koloyiko ngemisebenzi yazo kunye nemivuzo. Inxalenye yebhonasi yemivuzo yezazinzulu ixhomekeke kumsebenzi wazo wokupapasha. Phantsi kweemeko 'zokulunga kwezopolitiko' kunye nokuhlolwa, iijenali zaseNtshona naseRashiya ezinempembelelo ephezulu azipapashi imisebenzi ephikisana nomgaqo-nkqubo wokususa i-pathology yokuziphatha kwabantu (ukusasazwa kobungqingili, ukutshintshela kwisini esinye, kunye nokunye ukuphambuka kwesini esinye), okubeka uxinzelelo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwinkululeko yokubonakalisa izikhundla zenzululwazi. Izazinzulu zisoyikiswa ngokucacileyo bubuzwilakhe besini esinye." [ https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/ ].

Kumntu weRospotrebnadzor, uluntu lungathanda ukubona umlingane, kwaye kungekhona abaqhankqalazi kunye nabadibanisi abazama ukwazisa iindlela zokonakalisa abantwana baseRashiya.

Ukuqukumbela, ndingathanda ukuphinda isicelo sam endandisithumele ngaphambili sokuba sisithathe nzulu ngakumbi, ndinike ingqwalasela efanelekileyo kwiinkcukacha kunye nemithombo yezenzo ezicetywayo.

Phendula 2 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

Popova A.Yu.

Iqela leSayensi yeNyaniso , ngokusebenzisa uSenator Margarita Nikolaevna Pavlova, lithumele isibheno kwintloko yeRospotrebnadzor, uAnna Yuryevna Popova, malunga nengxelo kaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky "ngokubaluleka kwemfundo yesondo ezikolweni."

Emva kwempendulo yokuqala, eyalahlekisa i-senator, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngodumo lweRospotrebnadzor, isibheno sesibini sathunyelwa esibonisa ukungaphumeleli kwengxabano yempendulo.

Phendula uA.Yu. UPopova wamangala ngaphantsi kwempendulo yesekela lakhe. Zonke izicelo ezi-6 zesibheno azizange zihoywe.

A.Yu. UPopova, egameni leRospotrebnadzor, wakhupha impendulo yesibini, apho aphinde azame ukulahlekisa uSenator M.N. Pavlov kunye noluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe Russian. Mhlawumbi ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kweendlela ezingezo zenzululwazi zemfundo yezesondo, ezingaqhelekanga kwimilinganiselo yabantu belizwe lethu, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zezizwe.

"Imfundo yezesondo" iyanconywa njengenxalenye "yokusombulula iingxaki zokugqithiswa kwabantu", ephikisana ngokuthe ngqo nezicwangciso zeqhinga zeRussian Federation zokwandisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Zonke iingxoxo kunye nemithombo yesibheno sethu esiphindaphindiweyo kwiRospotrebnadzor ayizange ihoywe. Isibheno sesithathu kufuneka sibhalwe kwiinkonzo ezizodwa, uRhulumente kunye nee-arhente zokuthotyelwa komthetho.

U-A.Yu. Popova, nangona ubungqina besayensi bubonisiwe malunga nomonakalo okanye ukungabi namsebenzi "kwemfundo yesondo," nangona ukwanda kweziganeko kunye nobukhulu benani labantu be-LGBT* kumazwe asebenzisa "imfundo yesondo," kwaye nangona ingxelo yaseYurophu icebisa amanyathelo asekelwe kubungqina kumaqela asemngciphekweni (ukuhlolwa, uvavanyo oluqhubekayo, isaziso samaqabane, uthintelo lwangaphambi kokubhenceka phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, kunye nabasebenzisi beziyobisi), uthi ngaphandle kwesizathu "indawo yemfundo yenye yezona zisebenzayo ekulungiseleleni imizamo yokuthintela i-HIV/AIDS phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abancinci ." Ngalo lonke ixesha bengayinaki ngokupheleleyo into yokuba usulelo lwe-HIV lwenzeka kubudala obuphakathi beminyaka engama-37. Ileta yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo weRussian Federation yomhla wama-22 kuMatshi 2018 No. 15-3/10/2-1811 "Ngokuphathelele ukwanda kosulelo lwe-HIV kubantwana" ithi: "Usulelo lwe-HIV kubantwana lubangelwa ikakhulu kukudluliselwa kwe-HIV ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana . "

Endaweni yokuphendula idatha yesayensi nezibalo uV.V. Pokrovsky asekele kuyo ingxelo yakhe malunga nokubaluleka "kwemfundo yesondo," u-A.Yu. Popova uthe ebebandakanyeka ngobuchwephesha ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kwiRussian Federation kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-35 kwaye, ngokusekelwe kumava akhe eminyaka emininzi , uxhasa imfuneko yemfundo ecwangcisiweyo malunga nokuthintela i-HIV edluliselwa ngesondo kumaziko emfundo . Nangona kunjalo, akachazi ukuba umsebenzi ophumeleleyo kaVadim Pokrovsky wakhokelela njani ekubeni imeko ye-epidemiological ibe mandundu.

Umbuzo ngulo, kuba nini amava omsebenzi kaV.V. I-Pokrovsky, kwaye kungekhona amaphepha enzululwazi kunye nezifundo ezipapashwe, zaba bubungqina besidingo sokungenelela kwimpilo yesondo yabaselula? Iminyaka emininzi yamava ayithethi nto malunga nokusebenza kwayo kwaye abukho ubungqina obuqinisekisiweyo bokubaluleka "kwemfundo yesondo".

Endaweni yokucebisa "imfundo yesini" kubantwana, uV. V. I-Pokrovsky kufuneka iphakamise amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa inani labantu be-MSM kunye nokuziphatha komngcipheko. Amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs anokubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokukhuthaza ubufanasini, i-transsexualism, ukusela utywala, ukuthengisa ngomzimba, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, izenzo zesondo ezingezona mvelo (isondo ezimpundu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwephonografi kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanya abantwana kubomi obuyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqela asemngciphekweni (amafanasini, abathandana besini esinye kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi).

Sasithemba ukuba i-Rospotrebnadzor iya kuthatha inxaxheba ekufundeni impembelelo "yemfundo yesondo" kunye nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa elicetyiswa yi-UN, iziphumo zabo zempilo kunye ne-demografia, kunye nokujonga izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation ukuze zithotyelwe. kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso ezizimeleyo zaseRashiya.

ERospotrebnadzor, uluntu lungathanda ukubona umhlobo, kungekhona abalingani kunye namaqabane ezama ukusebenzisa iindlela zokonakalisa abantwana baseRashiya ngokuhambelana neengcebiso zeKomiti ye-UN (CEDAW), efuna ukuba iRashiya itshabalalise amasiko emveli, kuquka neenkokheli zonqulo, iqalise "imfundo yesondo ," isuse ukuthintela ukuqhomfa, kwaye yenze ukuba ubufebe bube semthethweni, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngoncedo lweearhente zangaphandle.

I-Rospotrebnadzor iyabizwa ukuba ikhusele inhlalakahle yabantu, kwaye ukuba abantu abangaziyo indlela yokusebenza kunye nemithombo yesayensi kunye nezibalo bathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, impilo-ntle isengozini ecacileyo, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo nguRhulumente weRussian Federation. kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo zombutho.

PS
Ngesicelo (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) ithunyelwe ngumncedisi kusekela we-State Duma ye-Russian Federation, ingcali esisigxina kunye nesithethi se-2nd WG kwimfundo, ukukhuliswa kunye nophuhliso olubanzi lwabantwana beBhunga loLuntu phantsi koMkomishinala wamaLungelo aBantwana phantsi koMongameli we Russian Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor akakaphenduli.

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"Imfundo" yezesondo ezikolweni-itekhnoloji yokuchitha