Le ngxelo luphononongo olungqongqo lobungqina besayensi obuchasa iintsomi kunye nezilogeni ezisasazwa ngabaphembeleli be-LGBT* abathi ubufanasini buqhelekile, buyinto eqhelekileyo, yendalo kwaye ayinakuguqulwa. Lo msebenzi "awuchasi abantu abathandana besini esifanayo" (njengokuba abalandeli baya kubanga ngokuqinisekileyo dichotomy yobuxoki), kodwa endaweni yoko kwi zona, kuba zigxile kwiingxaki zendlela yokuphila yesini efihlakeleyo kubo kunye nokugcinwa kwamalungelo abo, ngakumbi ilungelo lokufumana ulwazi oluthembekileyo ngemeko yabo kunye nemingcipheko yezempilo ehambelana nayo, ilungelo lokuba nokukhetha kunye nelungelo lokufumana ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lwezonyango lokukhupha ukusuka kule meko, ukuba banomdla.

Iziqulatho

I-1) Ngaba abantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo babonisa i-10% yabemi? 
I-2) Ngaba bakhona abantu "abungqingili" kubukumkani bezilwanyana? 
I-3) Ngaba ukuzala komntu ongatshatanga naye kuyazalwa? 
I-4) Ngaba ukutsala umdla wobungqingili kungapheliswa? 
I-5) Ngaba ubungqingili bunxulumene nomngcipheko wezempilo? 
I-6) Ngaba ubutshaba kubufanasini yiphobia? 
I-7) "Ubungqingili" - "ubufanasini bokugqibela"? 
I-8) Ngaba ukuqhuba kwabantu abungqingili kunye ne-pedophilia (ukuqhuba ngesondo kwabantwana) kuyahambelana? 
9) Ngaba amalungelo ezitabane aphulwe? 
I-10) Ngaba ubufanasini bunxulumene nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini? 
11) Ngaba ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo kwiGrisi yakudala? 
I-12) Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imingcipheko kubantwana abakhuliswa ngamaqabane esini esinye? 
I-13) Ngaba "ukufana" komtsalane wobungqingili yinyani engqinisisiweyo yesayensi? 
I-14) Ngaba ubufanasini babandakanywa kuluhlu lokugqwetha ngokwesini ngokwesivumelwano? 
I-15) Ngaba "isayensi yanamhlanje" ayikhethi buso kubufanasini?

Ilayibrari yeLayibrari yeSayensi yoLuntu kunye neTekhnoloji ye-SB yeRAS

Xela injongo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-ideologists kunye namatsha ntliziyo entshukumo ye-LGBT * baye bawandisa kakhulu umsebenzi wabo (eRashiya nakwihlabathi), bekhuthaza ukuba, ngokwembono yokuziphatha, i-physiology kunye nokusemthethweni, ubudlelwane bothando kunye nesondo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye. Ubudlelwane besini esifanayo bubonwa njengobulingana ngokupheleleyo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nangaphezulu) ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu besini esahlukileyo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu besini esahlukileyo kwaye, njengokubonakaliswa kwabo okuphezulu - ukudalwa kwentsapho kunye nokuzalwa kobomi obutsha, kusekelwe kwimbali, inkcubeko-ubuhlanga, ukuziphatha, intlalo, i-physiological, i-psychological and biological norms. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithethe zigxekwa ngamatsha ntliziyo e-LGBT*, afuna ukuba kucingwe ngokutsha uluvo lwesiqhelo okanye nokupheliswa kokuqheleka kobudlelwane bezesondo kunye nomtshato ukuze kugunyaziswe ubufanasini. Kwimisebenzi yabo, aba baphembeleli badla ngokubonisa iqela leengxoxo ezijika zibe zizilogeni, ngokusekelwe apho bagxeka abachasi kwiinguqu abazifunayo. Iimpikiswano ezinjalo ziquka, ngokomzekelo, “wonke umntu weshumi ulifanasini,” “amafanasini ayazalwa,” “utyekelo lukabani alunakuguqulwa,” “ubufanasini bubakho phakathi kweentlobo ezili-1500 XNUMX zezilwanyana,” njl. yeengxelo ezisetyenziswa ngala matsha ntliziyo.

Iinjongo zalo msebenzi kukusasaza ulwazi olufumanekayo ngoku ngenxa yemeko yezopolitiko ephuhlileyo kumashumi eminyaka edlulileyo. Injongo yalo msebenzi asikuko ukuthethelela ubundlobongela ebantwini; thina, ababhali ngokwenyani bayakugweba ukwenza ubundlongondlongo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo kunye nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni ukuya kwinqanaba elifanayo njengoko sigweba ubuxoki, ukukhohliswa kwezibakala nokunyamezelana kweembono zabanye.

Ingxamiseko yengxaki

Umbuzo wesimo sentlalo yoluntu lwenzululwazi, amajelo eendaba, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abantu bedolophu ngokubhekisele kwiindlela ezingazalisekisi zeminqweno yesini akulula. Umzekelo, umtsalane wesini esifanayo uthathwa njengenguquko yemeko eqhelekileyo kwi-1987 yonyaka ngokokuhlelwa kwe-American Psychiatric Association (APA) (DSM-III-R 1987), kodwa ithathwa njengeparaphilia enemeko ethile (ubungqingili bokuziphatha ngokwesini (i-ego-dystonic) ngokokuhlelwa kwe-Chinese Society of Psychiatry (I-CCMD 2001) Umtsalane kubantu abangafikanga (i-pedophilia) ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo ngokwemeko ye-APA (DSM-V 2013), ngokuhambelana noluvo "lokuphulwa kwemikhwa yesini", eziswe sisigqibo se-APA kunyaka we-1973 (Drescher 2015) Kwincwadana yeendaba yeHarvard yeSikolo sezeNgqondo, i-pedophilia ibizwa ngokuba "yi-oriental" (Isikolo i-Harvard Mental School 2010) Ingxoxo evulelekileyo ngokufakwa komdla wesini kwizilwanyana ezikudidi "lokuqhelanisa" (Miletski 2017), kunye nokupheliswa komxholo weparaphilia (ubugqwetha obuphathelele kwezesondo) kanjalo (Bering2015, ch. 5). Ubunzulu bomcimbi ubangelwe licandelo elibalulekileyo lezopolitiko: kukho iintshukumo zentlalo ukukhusela iimfuno zabantu abafuna ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukungabinakho ukuzala komnqweno wesini ekuziphatheni kwezentlalo, umzekelo, "I-ILGA»,«Nambla»,«B4U-UMthetho»,«I-Zeta-verein»,«Isini-Into yokwabelana ngesondo"Kwaye nabanye

Nangona kunjalo, imibutho emele intshukumo yobufanasini ngaphakathi kwintshukumo ye-"LGBT+" iphumelele eyona mpembelelo inkulu.

Iindlela ze-"LGBT +" intshukumo zibandakanya ukuba, kwelinye icala, ulwazi oluhle kuphela lusasazwa malunga nobulili obufanayo, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, naluphi na ulwazi olubalulekileyo lunyanzeliswa kwaye lucinezelwe. Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko ethandwayo, umfanekiso othile, okhethekileyo, ochanekileyo wokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana nabantu besini esifanayo kunye nobufanasini iye yadalwa kwaye iyaqhubeka ukuyilwa.

URichard Horton, umhleli-jikelele wejenali yezenzululwazi I-Lancet, uvakalise inkxalabo yakhe kwinqaku lomlobi:

Uninzi lwencwadi zenzululwazi, mhlawumbi isiqingatha, zisenokungabonakalisi ubunyani. Ukoyiswa zizifundo kunye neesampulu ezincinci, iimpembelelo ezingathandekiyo, uhlalutyo olungonelanga, kunye nokungqubana okucacileyo komdla, kunye nokuthambekela kwimikhwa yefashoni yokubaluleka okungathandabuzekiyo, inzululwazi ijike yaya ebumnyameni ... Ukubonakala okubonakalayo kokuziphatha okungamkelekanga kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kuyothusa ... Kwimfuno yayo yenza umbono, izazinzulu zihlala zilungelelanisa idatha kumfanekiso wazo wehlabathi okanye zilungelelanise iingcinga kwidatha yazo ... Ukulandela kwethu "ukubaluleka" kuyityhefu kuncwadi lwezenzululwazi ngamabali amaninzi eentsomi ... Iiyunivesithi zibandakanyeka kumzabalazo oqhubekayo wemali kunye neetalente ... Kwaye izazinzulu ezizodwa, kubandakanya nezona ziphezulu ubunkokheli, wenze okuncinci ukutshintsha inkcubeko yokuhlola, ethi ngamanye amaxesha iphelel 'ebubini ... "(IHorton xnumx).

Owayesakuba ngumhleli-oyintloko kwi-The New England Journal of Medicine, uMarcia Angell, wabelana ngezityhilelo zakhe:

"... Kuyinto engenakwenzeka kwaphela ukukholelwa uninzi lwezilingo ezipapashiweyo okanye ukuxhomekeka kuluvo logqirha abathembekileyo okanye iincwadi ezibhaliweyo ezaziwayo. Andisithandi esi sigqibo, endiye ngokuthe ngcembe ndathandabuza emva kweminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza njengomhleli ... "(Angeli xnumx).

Ihlaseli laseMelika kunye nombhali ongazifihli izinto azithandayo yena, unjingalwazi wezobugcisa kwinkululeko uCamilla Paglia, kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Vamps And Tramp", ebhalwe kwi-1994:

“… Kule minyaka ilishumi igqithileyo, le meko iphumile kulawulo: indlela enoxanduva yenzululwazi ayinakwenzeka xa intetho eqiqayo ilawulwa ziziqhwithi, kule meko amatshantliziyo angamafanasini athi, eneqiniso elingenakuphikiswa, athi ayinyani yinyani… Kufuneka sazi ngokuxubana okunokuba yingozi kubundlobongela besini ngenzululwazi evelisa ipropaganda ngakumbi kunenyaniso. Izazinzulu zesini kufuneka zibe zezokuqala kwaye ziphambili kwezenzululwazi, ze emva koko zithandane ... "(IPaglia 1994).

Umphengululi uC. Martin uthi ukujongwa kwenkululeko kulawula inkululeko kwisayensi yanamhlanje e-USA:

"... Le meko ikhetha ukugqwetha isayensi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ... ubalo lweeprojekthi zophando lwenzekile: iingcali zenzululwazi azikukhuthazelwa ukuba zithinte imeko-bume kunye nenyaniso engenakuphikiswa ... iziphumo ezingakhathalelwanga apho izimvo zolondolozo zivezwa kakuhle kwaye zinenkululeko embi ... fihla izibakala ezingahambelani kwi-ajenda yenkululeko. ... "((UMartin 2016).

Iya ngaphandle kokutsho ukuba ukugqwesa kwimbono ethile kunye nezimvo kuluntu lwenzululwazi zinefuthe kwisayensi kunye nokutolikwa kolwazi lwenzululwazi eluntwini. Le meko ifuna imisebenzi engxamisekileyo yemfundo.

Isishwankathelo

Ngaba abantu abathandanayo babonisa i-10% yabemi?

(1) Izifundo e-United States, eBritane, eCanada, nakwezinye iindawo, ezigubungela iisampula ubuncinci amawaka abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, bonisa ukuba ipesenti yabantu abazichaza njengabatshatileyo yi-1% -2%.
(2) Ukupapashwa kwengcali ye-entomologist uAlfred Kinsey, ngamanye amaxesha ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengebango le-10% yabantu abesini esifanayo, kugcwele iimpazamo zendlela yokuziphatha.
(3) Amanye amanani abalulekileyo phakathi kwentshukumo yesini yobungqingili aqinisekisa ukuba balikhulisile inani ngeenjongo zokusasaza.
(4) Ukujongwa kokuchaphazeleka kwento eyenzeka ebantwini ayithethi kwanto malunga nokuma kwayo ngokwasentlalweni okanye ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ngaba abantu “abfanasini” bakhona kwizilwanyana?

(1) Ingxoxo yamatsha ntliziyo entshukumo yeLGBT+, esekwe kuqwalaselo lwesini esinye phakathi kwezilwanyana, ayisebenzi. Iziqendu ezidlulayo zokuziphatha kwabantu besini esinye phakathi kwezilwanyana azifani nokutsaleleka ngokwesini esifanayo kunye nokuzazisa ebantwini.
(2) Utoliko lokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo ukuvavanya imeko yezonyango, yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okusemthethweni kwabantu besini esifanayo kuthathelwa ingqalelo, kuthe cwaka malunga nokujonga ezinye iindlela zokungazalani kwezesilwanyana, ukusukela kwindawo ye-anthropomorphic.
(3) Zininzi izinto ezichaza imeko yokungazalwa, kubandakanya nokuziphatha ngokwesini esifanayo. Ezi zinto zifuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda, kodwa zingaphandle komxholo wentlalo yoluntu.

Ngaba ukutsala kwabantu abathandana abathandanayo?

(1) "Uhlobo lobufanasini" alubaziwa; alufumaneki nakubani na.
(2) Izifundo eziphantsi kwengxelo ethi "imo engaphakathi yobungqingili" zinendlela ezininzi ezingachanekanga kwaye ziyaphikisana, kwaye ungavumeli izigqibo ezingathandekiyo.
(3) Kwanezifundo ezikhoyo ezikhankanyiweyo ngamatsha ntliziyo entshukumo ye-LGBT+ azithethi ngokumiselwa kofuzo kutyekelo lobufanasini, kodwa, okona kulungileyo, ngempembelelo entsonkothileyo apho into yemfuzo imisela ukubekwa kwangaphambili, kudityaniswe neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo. , ukukhuliswa, njl.
(4) Abanye abantu abadumileyo phakathi kwentshukumo yamafanasini, kubandakanya abafundi, bayayigxeka inkcazo malunga nokukwamkelwa kobufanasini nokuba bathi bugqitywe kukhetho abazi ngalo.

Ngaba umtsalane wobungqingili ungapheliswa?

(1) Kukho isiseko esibonakalayo sobungqina obunamandla kunye nonyango lokuba umdla wobungqingili ungapheliswa ngokufanelekileyo.
(Xnumx) Umbandela obalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunyango olubuyisayo kukuthatha inxaxheba komguli kunye nomnqweno wokutshintsha.
(Xnumx) Kwiimeko ezininzi, umtsalane wobungqingili, onokuthi ubekho ngexesha lokufikisa, unyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo kwinqanaba elivuthiweyo ngakumbi.

Ngaba ubufanasini bunxulumene nemingcipheko yempilo?

(1) Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ye-gastrointestinal njengelungu lokudalwa kwendalo kunxulunyaniswa nemingcipheko yempilo yesifo esosulelayo nesosizi.
(2) phakathi kwabantu abakhokelela kwindlela yokuphila yobungqingili, bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini, kukho umngcipheko oqinisekileyo wokwanda kwezifo ezahlukeneyo, zombini usulelo (intsholongwane kaGawulayo, isifo sokuphefumla, isifo seengcongconi, njl. Njl.), Unyango noqhaqho.

Ngaba ubutshaba kubufanasini yimbumbulu?

(1) Isimo sengqondo esibucayi kubufanasini asihlangabezani neempawu zokuxilongwa kwephobia njengengqondo yengqondo. Akukho luvo lwe-nosological of "homophobia", ligama lokuthetha rhetoric kwezopolitiko.
(2) Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "ubungqingili" kwinkqubela yenzululwazi ukubonisa yonke imbonakalo yesimo sengqondo esigwenxa yinto engalunganga. Ukusetyenziswa kwebinzana elithi "Homophobia" kuthoba umgca phakathi kwesimo sokuqonda esikukuthandana kwabantu abathandana besini esinye ngokusekwe kwiinkolelo zembono kunye neendlela zokubonakalisa ubukrwada, ukutshintsha umbono wokudibanisa intshabalalo.
(3) Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwegama "ubungqingili" linyathelo elinamandla elijolise kumalungu oluntu olungayamkeliyo into yokuba indlela yokuphila yobungqingili iyabandakanyeka kuluntu, kodwa abangaziva intiyo okanye boyike abantu abathandanayo.
(4) Ukongeza kwiinkolelo zenkcubeko kunye nezempucuko, isimo sengqondo esigxekayo kwimicimbi yesini esifanayo kubonakala sisekelezwe kukungaziphathi kakuhle komzimba-impendulo yemvelo eye yavela kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela komntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo esemgangathweni yokuzala kunye nokuzala.

"Ubungqingili" - "ubufanasini bokwenyani"?

(1) Uphando aluxhasi i-psychoanalytic hypothesis yesimo sengqondo esibucayi sabantu abathandanayo ukuba baziphathe ngendlela efanayo.
(2) Isimo sengqondo esibuhlungu sabantu abathandanayo kubantu abatshatileyo kukuboniswa kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu abathandana besini esinye sichazwa zizo zombini iinkqubo ezichasayo (amajoni omzimba okuziphatha) kunye nefuthe lokutsala ukuthanda kunye nokwaliwa ngokungafaniyo.

Ngaba ukuqhuba kwabantu abungqingili kunye ne-pedophilia (ukuqhuba ngesondo kwabantwana) kuyahambelana?

Umtsalane wobungqingili kunye ne-pedophilia ziindidi eziwela ngaphezulu ngokusekwe kumnqweno wobungqingili ngeminyaka yento ekhangayo.
(1) Umbutho wokunciphisa nokuphelisa iminyaka esemthethweni yokuvuma (ukwenza isenzo sokwabelana ngesondo) wazalwa njengenxalenye yomanyano lwabantu abathandana nabantu abatshatileyo, kwaye imibutho ejonge ekuphelisweni kweminyaka yokuvuma kunye nokususwa komtsalane kubantwana kwenziwa kwaye kukhokelwa ngabantu abathandana abathandanayo.
(2) Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, umba wokwehliswa kweminyaka yemvume kunye nokuphelisa umtsalane ngokwesondo ebantwaneni kwiimeko ezininzi unyanzeliswa ngokwesakhelo sentshukumo ye-"LGBT+".
(3) Phakathi kwenani elikhulu labantu abathandana besini esinye, ukhetho lobudala olunokwakheka kumadoda nabafana abancinci kuyaqatshelwa.
(4) Ukulalana kwabantu besini esahlukileyo ebuntwaneni kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhutywa kwesondo lobufanasini.
(5) Umyinge wenani lamatyala okuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana ababhinqileyo kubantu abadala ukuya kwinani leemeko zokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana abatshatileyo lihlala likhulu kuneqondo lokutsala kwabantu abatshatileyo.

Ngaba amalungelo ezitabane aphulwe?

(1) Iimpawu ezisisiseko kunye nokuqonda ngokwesiko somtshato njengendibano yendoda kunye nowasetyhini ngaphandle kokuzimanya nabantwana, izilwanyana, izinto ezingaphilanga, umtshato kwelinye iqabane, umtshato phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo kunye nezinye iintlobo zembono zembali zasemva komtshato.
(2) Wonke umntu ozibona njengongungqingili kunye / okanye owenza ubufanasini unamalungelo afanayo kunye nezithintelo umntu ongazithathi njengobungqingili kwaye ongabenzi ubufanasini enabo kwaye ethintelwe.
3 ngokusekelwe kubufanasini, ngamanye amazwi, bafuna ukutshintsha inkcazo kunye nemisebenzi yentlalo yomtshato.
(4) Amanye amatsha ntliziyo ombutho we-“LGBT+” abhengeza ngokuphandle ukuba eyona njongo yokuphononongwa ngokutsha komtshato ayingomnqweno “wamalungelo alinganayo”, kodwa kukupheliswa komtshato njengeyunithi eyakha uluntu.

Ngaba ubufanasini bunxulumene nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini?

(1) Kubudlelane bokwabelana ngesondo kunye nabantu abathandanayo, ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda, kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunakubantu abathandanayo.
(2) Ngokomyinge, amaqabane abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kunye “nemitshato” amafutshane kakhulu kunemitshato engafaniyo.
(3) Ubuqabane obufanasini kunye "nemitshato" zizinto ezivulekileyo ngokwesondo "ezivulekileyo" - bavumela ubudlelwane bezesondo ngaphandle kwesibini.
(4) Amanqanaba obundlobongela kubudlelane bokwabelana ngesondo kunye nabantu abatshatileyo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini, aphezulu kunakubantu abathandanayo.

Ngaba ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo kwiGrisi yamandulo?

(1) Kwilizwe lakudala lamaGrikhi, izenzo zesondo zenzeka phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana, phakathi kwabantu nezilwanyana, phakathi kwabantu abadala besini esinye, kodwa bezingafani nolwalamano olungafaniyo nobungqingili.
(2) Ubufanasini ngendlela obujongwa ngayo namhlanje - njengobudlelwane obuphathelele kwezesondo phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo - ngakumbi kwimeko yobudoda, yagwetywa ngokuqatha kwaye bohlwaywa ngokuqatha kuluntu kwiGrisi yakudala.
(3) Kukho izimvo ezinesiseko esifanelekileyo malunga nobukho bexesha elithile lembali kunye nakwiindawo ezithile zeGrisi yakudala hayi yobungqingili, kodwa yokuhamba ngeenyawo (i-pedophilia yamafanasini), eyayiyinxalenye yeziko elithile lokukhulisa amakhwenkwe (ukwahlulwahlulo olungqongqo ngenxa yomyalelo woluntu okanye umkhosi). Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkwenkwe kunye nomcebisi babelawulwa ngokungqongqo kwaye icandelo lokuhamba ngeenyawo alibandakanywanga.

Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imingcipheko kubantwana abakhuliswa ngamafanasini?

(1) Abantwana abakhuliswe ngabantu besini esinye banomngcipheko owongeziweyo wokuba nomtsalane kubantu abathandana besini esifanayo, ukungavisisani ngokwesondo kunye nokwamkela indlela yokuphila yobufanasini - ezi ziphumo zifunyenwe nakwizifundo eziqhutywe ngababhali abanyanisekileyo kwintshukumo ye-"LGBT+".
(2) Uphononongo olucatshulwe ngamatsha ntliziyo ombutho we-LGBT+ kunye nemibutho emanyeneyo (ekhusela uluvo lokuba akukho mahluko phakathi kwabantwana abavela kwiintsapho zemveli nabantwana abakhuliswe ngabantu besini esinye) banentsilelo ebalulekileyo. Ezi zibandakanya iisampulu ezincinci, iindlela zokugaya ezicandekileyo, ixesha elifutshane lokulandela, ukungabikho kwamaqela olawulo, kunye nokukhethwa kwamaqela olawulo olucalucalulo.
(3) Uhlolisiso olwenziwe kunye neesampulu ezinkulu zokumela ezinexesha elide lokujonga libonisa ukuba, ukongeza kumngcipheko owandayo wokuthatha indlela yokuphila yobungqingili, abantwana abakhuliswe ngabazali abathandana nabo bangaphantsi kwabantwana abasuka kwiintsapho zemveli ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ngaba "ukufana" komtsalane wobungqingili yinyani engqinisisiweyo yesayensi?

Njengesizathu sokuba "sisemthethweni" wobungqingili, kucingelwa ukuba "ukutshintshwa" (ukuzivumelanisa neemeko kunye nokuziqhelanisa) kunye nokusebenza kwezentlalo zabantu abathandana besini esifanayo kuthelekiswa nobungqingili. Nangona kunjalo, kubonisiwe ukuba "ukulungelelanisa" kunye nokusebenza kwentlalo akuhambelani nokucacisa ukuba ukuphambuka ngokwesini kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwaye kukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingezizo ezimbi. Akunakwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba imeko yengqondo ayiphambuki, kuba imeko enjalo ayikhokeleli "ukulungelelanisa" ukungasebenzi kakuhle, uxinzelelo okanye umsebenzi wentlalontle, kungenjalo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuninzi kufanele ukuba kuchazwe ngendlela ephosakeleyo njengeemeko eziqhelekileyo. Iziphelo ezicatshulwe kuncwadi olucatshulwe ngabacebisi bemilinganiselo yokuthandana kwabantu abathandana besini esinye asiqinisekiswanga, kwaye izifundo ezingathandekiyo azinakujongwa njengezinokuthenjwa.

Ngaba ubufanasini babandakanywa kuluhlu lokugqwetha ngokwesini ngokwesivumelwano?

Ukuvota okwenziwe ngumbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association ngoDisemba 1973 ngokungafakwanga kwabantu abathandana nabantu abatshatileyo kulwahlu lweengxaki zengqondo kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubhengeza idatha ebalulekileyo yophando, ngaphandle kokujonga nokuhlalutya okufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kwengxoxo eyaneleyo, phantsi koxinzelelo olunamandla oluvela kwimibutho yabantu abathandana abathandanayo. Esi sigqibo yayiluphawu lokuqala olubalulekileyo lwexesha lenkolelo yemfundiso "echanekileyo kwezopolitiko."

Ngaba "isayensi yanamhlanje" ayikhethi buso ubufanasini?

Iingxelo ezinje ngo "nobangela wobufanasini bungqinekile" okanye "umtsalane kubufanasini awunakutshintshwa" zihlala zibekwa phambili kwiminyhadala yesayensi ethandwayo nakwi-Intanethi, ekujongwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubantu abangenamava ngokwenzululwazi. Kweli nqaku ndiza kubonisa ukuba uluntu lwenzululwazi lwanamhlanje lilawulwa ngabantu abathi baveze izimvo zabo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kwimisebenzi yabo yesayensi, benze inkqubo yezenzululwazi ithathe icala. Olu luvo luqikelelweyo lubandakanya uluhlu lweengxelo zezopolitiko, kubandakanya ngokunxulumene noko kubizwa njalo. "Ubuncinci bezesondo", oko kukuthi, "ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo yesini phakathi kwabantu nakwizilwanyana", ukuba "umtsalane wesini esifanayo ungena ngaphakathi kwaye awunakutshintshwa", "isini kukwakha ngokwasentlalweni okungaphelelanga kuhlelo lokubini", njl. njl. Ndizakubonisa ukuba ezo mbono kwizangqa zenzululwazi zale mihla eNtshona zithathwa njengeziyinyani, zizinzile kwaye zimilisiwe, nokuba bungekho ubungqina obuqinisekileyo besayensi, ngelixa ezinye izimvo zibizwa kwangoko njenge "pseudoscientific" kwaye "zibubuxoki" nokuba kukho imvelaphi enyanzelekileyo emva kwabo. Zininzi izinto ezinokukhankanywa njengesizathu sokukhetha - ilifa lezentlalo kunye nembali ekhokelele ekuveleni "kwezenzululwazi zenzululwazi", imizabalazo yezepolitiki eyakhokelela kukuhanahanisa, "urhwebo" lwenzululwazi, olukhokelela ekulandeleni uvakalelo, njl. Nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukungathandabuzeki kwisayensi kuhlala kungumbuzo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokoluvo lwam, kunokwenzeka ukudala iimeko zenkqubo efanelekileyo yesayensi yokulingana.

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