*Intshukumo ye-LGBT yamkelwa njengombutho ogqithisileyo!

Le ngxelo luphononongo olucokisekileyo lobungqina besayensi obuchasayo kwiintsomi nakwizigqubuthelo ezikhuthazwe ngabaxhasi be-LGBT ababeka ukuba ubungqingili yinto eqhelekileyo, eyendawo yonke, eyangaphakathi kunye nelizwe elingaguqukiyo. Lo msebenzi awuyo "ngokuchasana nabantu abathandana nabantu besini esinye" (njengokuba abalandeli beqela beya kuba njalo dichotomy yobuxoki), kodwa endaweni yoko kwi zona, kuba zigxile kwiingxaki zendlela yokuphila yesini efihlakeleyo kubo kunye nokugcinwa kwamalungelo abo, ngakumbi ilungelo lokufumana ulwazi oluthembekileyo ngemeko yabo kunye nemingcipheko yezempilo ehambelana nayo, ilungelo lokuba nokukhetha kunye nelungelo lokufumana ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lwezonyango lokukhupha ukusuka kule meko, ukuba banomdla.

Iziqulatho

I-1) Ngaba abantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo babonisa i-10% yabemi? 
I-2) Ngaba bakhona abantu "abungqingili" kubukumkani bezilwanyana? 
I-3) Ngaba ukuzala komntu ongatshatanga naye kuyazalwa? 
I-4) Ngaba ukutsala umdla wobungqingili kungapheliswa? 
I-5) Ngaba ubungqingili bunxulumene nomngcipheko wezempilo? 
I-6) Ngaba ubutshaba kubufanasini yiphobia? 
I-7) "Ubungqingili" - "ubufanasini bokugqibela"? 
I-8) Ngaba ukuqhuba kwabantu abungqingili kunye ne-pedophilia (ukuqhuba ngesondo kwabantwana) kuyahambelana? 
9) Ngaba amalungelo ezitabane aphulwe? 
I-10) Ngaba ubufanasini bunxulumene nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini? 
11) Ngaba ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo kwiGrisi yakudala? 
I-12) Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imingcipheko kubantwana abakhuliswa ngamaqabane esini esinye? 
I-13) Ngaba "ukufana" komtsalane wobungqingili yinyani engqinisisiweyo yesayensi? 
I-14) Ngaba ubufanasini babandakanywa kuluhlu lokugqwetha ngokwesini ngokwesivumelwano? 
I-15) Ngaba "isayensi yanamhlanje" ayikhethi buso kubufanasini?

Ilayibrari yeLayibrari yeSayensi yoLuntu kunye neTekhnoloji ye-SB yeRAS

Xela injongo

Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iingcali zeembono zokulwa kunye nezishoshovu zentshukumo ye-LGBT, abathe baxhasa ukuba, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga isimilo, iphysology kunye nomthetho womthetho, ubudlelwane bezothando phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo, zithathwa njengezilingana ngokupheleleyo (), ziyonyuse kakhulu imisebenzi yazo (kokubini eRashiya nakwilizwe liphela) ( kwaye ngamanye amaxesha baphezulu) kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu besini esahlukileyo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu besini esahlukileyo kunye nendlela ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kwendalo kusapho kwaye ukuzalwa kobomi obutsha kusekwe imbali, inkcubeko, ubuhlanga, intlalontle, impilo, impilo kunye nengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, le migaqo igxekwa ngabaphembeleli beLBBT, abafuna ukuphinda bacinge kwakhona malunga nembono yesiqhelo okanye nokupheliswa komgaqo wolwalamano lwesini kunye nomtshato ukuze kugunyaziswe ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabo. Kwimisebenzi yabo, aba baphembeleli badla ngokukhankanya uthotho lwempikiswano ejika ibe yimigca yesiseko apho bagxeka abachasayo ngotshintsho abaludingayo. Phakathi kwezo zinto ziphikiswayo, umzekelo, "wonke umntu ulwesini gay," "azalwe gay," "ukujongwa akunakutshintshwa," "ubungqingili bufumaneka phakathi kwezilwanyana ze-1500," kunye nezinye. Le ngxelo igxile ekuhlalutyeni ubunyani bezinye izityholo ezisetyenziswa ngaba baphembeleli.

Iinjongo zalo msebenzi kukusasaza ulwazi olufumanekayo ngoku ngenxa yemeko yezopolitiko ephuhlileyo kumashumi eminyaka edlulileyo. Injongo yalo msebenzi asikuko ukuthethelela ubundlobongela ebantwini; thina, ababhali ngokwenyani bayakugweba ukwenza ubundlongondlongo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo kunye nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni ukuya kwinqanaba elifanayo njengoko sigweba ubuxoki, ukukhohliswa kwezibakala nokunyamezelana kweembono zabanye.

Ingxamiseko yengxaki

Umbuzo wesimo sentlalo yoluntu lwenzululwazi, amajelo eendaba, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abantu bedolophu ngokubhekisele kwiindlela ezingazalisekisi zeminqweno yesini akulula. Umzekelo, umtsalane wesini esifanayo uthathwa njengenguquko yemeko eqhelekileyo kwi-1987 yonyaka ngokokuhlelwa kwe-American Psychiatric Association (APA) (DSM-III-R 1987), kodwa ithathwa njengeparaphilia enemeko ethile (ubungqingili bokuziphatha ngokwesini (i-ego-dystonic) ngokokuhlelwa kwe-Chinese Society of Psychiatry (I-CCMD 2001) Umtsalane kubantu abangafikanga (i-pedophilia) ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo ngokwemeko ye-APA (DSM-V 2013), ngokuhambelana noluvo "lokuphulwa kwemikhwa yesini", eziswe sisigqibo se-APA kunyaka we-1973 (Drescher 2015) Kwincwadana yeendaba yeHarvard yeSikolo sezeNgqondo, i-pedophilia ibizwa ngokuba "yi-oriental" (Isikolo i-Harvard Mental School 2010) Ingxoxo evulelekileyo ngokufakwa komdla wesini kwizilwanyana ezikudidi "lokuqhelanisa" (Miletski 2017), kunye nokupheliswa komxholo weparaphilia (ubugqwetha obuphathelele kwezesondo) kanjalo (Bering2015, ch. 5). Ubunzulu bomcimbi ubangelwe licandelo elibalulekileyo lezopolitiko: kukho iintshukumo zentlalo ukukhusela iimfuno zabantu abafuna ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukungabinakho ukuzala komnqweno wesini ekuziphatheni kwezentlalo, umzekelo, "I-ILGA»,«Nambla»,«B4U-UMthetho»,«I-Zeta-verein»,«Isini-Into yokwabelana ngesondo"Kwaye nabanye

Nangona kunjalo, ewe, imibutho emele intshukumo yobungqingili kwisakhelo se "LGBT +" ifumene eyona mpembelelo inkulu.

Iindlela zentshukumo ye- "LGBT +" kukuba kubufanasini, kwelinye icala, basasaza ulwazi oluchanekileyo, kwelinye icala, naluphi na ulwazi olucekeceke alushenxiswa kwaye lucinezelwe. Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko ethandwayo, umfanekiso othile, oqinisekileyo wokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili wenziwe kwaye uyaqhubeka ukuyilwa.

URichard Horton, umhleli-jikelele wejenali yezenzululwazi I-Lancet, uvakalise inkxalabo yakhe kwinqaku lomlobi:

Uninzi lwencwadi zenzululwazi, mhlawumbi isiqingatha, zisenokungabonakalisi ubunyani. Ukoyiswa zizifundo kunye neesampulu ezincinci, iimpembelelo ezingathandekiyo, uhlalutyo olungonelanga, kunye nokungqubana okucacileyo komdla, kunye nokuthambekela kwimikhwa yefashoni yokubaluleka okungathandabuzekiyo, inzululwazi ijike yaya ebumnyameni ... Ukubonakala okubonakalayo kokuziphatha okungamkelekanga kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kuyothusa ... Kwimfuno yayo yenza umbono, izazinzulu zihlala zilungelelanisa idatha kumfanekiso wazo wehlabathi okanye zilungelelanise iingcinga kwidatha yazo ... Ukulandela kwethu "ukubaluleka" kuyityhefu kuncwadi lwezenzululwazi ngamabali amaninzi eentsomi ... Iiyunivesithi zibandakanyeka kumzabalazo oqhubekayo wemali kunye neetalente ... Kwaye izazinzulu ezizodwa, kubandakanya nezona ziphezulu ubunkokheli, wenze okuncinci ukutshintsha inkcubeko yokuhlola, ethi ngamanye amaxesha iphelel 'ebubini ... "(IHorton xnumx).

Owayesakuba ngumhleli-oyintloko kwi-The New England Journal of Medicine, uMarcia Angell, wabelana ngezityhilelo zakhe:

"... Kuyinto engenakwenzeka kwaphela ukukholelwa uninzi lwezilingo ezipapashiweyo okanye ukuxhomekeka kuluvo logqirha abathembekileyo okanye iincwadi ezibhaliweyo ezaziwayo. Andisithandi esi sigqibo, endiye ngokuthe ngcembe ndathandabuza emva kweminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza njengomhleli ... "(Angeli xnumx).

Ihlaseli laseMelika kunye nombhali ongazifihli izinto azithandayo yena, unjingalwazi wezobugcisa kwinkululeko uCamilla Paglia, kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Vamps And Tramp", ebhalwe kwi-1994:

“… Kule minyaka ilishumi igqithileyo, le meko iphumile kulawulo: indlela enoxanduva yenzululwazi ayinakwenzeka xa intetho eqiqayo ilawulwa ziziqhwithi, kule meko amatshantliziyo angamafanasini athi, eneqiniso elingenakuphikiswa, athi ayinyani yinyani… Kufuneka sazi ngokuxubana okunokuba yingozi kubundlobongela besini ngenzululwazi evelisa ipropaganda ngakumbi kunenyaniso. Izazinzulu zesini kufuneka zibe zezokuqala kwaye ziphambili kwezenzululwazi, ze emva koko zithandane ... "(IPaglia 1994).

Umphengululi uC. Martin uthi ukujongwa kwenkululeko kulawula inkululeko kwisayensi yanamhlanje e-USA:

"... Le meko ikhetha ukugqwetha isayensi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ... ubalo lweeprojekthi zophando lwenzekile: iingcali zenzululwazi azikukhuthazelwa ukuba zithinte imeko-bume kunye nenyaniso engenakuphikiswa ... iziphumo ezingakhathalelwanga apho izimvo zolondolozo zivezwa kakuhle kwaye zinenkululeko embi ... fihla izibakala ezingahambelani kwi-ajenda yenkululeko. ... "((UMartin 2016).

Iya ngaphandle kokutsho ukuba ukugqwesa kwimbono ethile kunye nezimvo kuluntu lwenzululwazi zinefuthe kwisayensi kunye nokutolikwa kolwazi lwenzululwazi eluntwini. Le meko ifuna imisebenzi engxamisekileyo yemfundo.

Isishwankathelo

Ngaba abantu abathandanayo babonisa i-10% yabemi?

(1) Izifundo e-United States, eBritane, eCanada, nakwezinye iindawo, ezigubungela iisampula ubuncinci amawaka abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, bonisa ukuba ipesenti yabantu abazichaza njengabatshatileyo yi-1% -2%.
(2) Ukupapashwa kwengcali ye-entomologist uAlfred Kinsey, ngamanye amaxesha ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengebango le-10% yabantu abesini esifanayo, kugcwele iimpazamo zendlela yokuziphatha.
(3) Amanye amanani abalulekileyo phakathi kwentshukumo yesini yobungqingili aqinisekisa ukuba balikhulisile inani ngeenjongo zokusasaza.
(4) Ukujongwa kokuchaphazeleka kwento eyenzeka ebantwini ayithethi kwanto malunga nokuma kwayo ngokwasentlalweni okanye ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ngaba abantu “abfanasini” bakhona kwizilwanyana?

(1) Ingxabano ye-LGBT + abagqugquzeli esekwe ekubonweni kokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo phakathi kwezilwanyana ayichananga. Iziqendu zethutyana zokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo phakathi kwezilwanyana azifani nomnqweno wesini esifanayo nesini kunye nokuzazisa ebantwini.
(2) Utoliko lokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo ukuvavanya imeko yezonyango, yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okusemthethweni kwabantu besini esifanayo kuthathelwa ingqalelo, kuthe cwaka malunga nokujonga ezinye iindlela zokungazalani kwezesilwanyana, ukusukela kwindawo ye-anthropomorphic.
(3) Zininzi izinto ezichaza imeko yokungazalwa, kubandakanya nokuziphatha ngokwesini esifanayo. Ezi zinto zifuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda, kodwa zingaphandle komxholo wentlalo yoluntu.

Ngaba ukutsala kwabantu abathandana abathandanayo?

(1) "Uhlobo lobufanasini" alubaziwa; alufumaneki nakubani na.
(2) Izifundo eziphantsi kwengxelo ethi "imo engaphakathi yobungqingili" zinendlela ezininzi ezingachanekanga kwaye ziyaphikisana, kwaye ungavumeli izigqibo ezingathandekiyo.
(3) Kunye nezifundo ezikhoyo ezikhankanyiweyo ngabaphembeleli be-LGBT + azithethi ngakwicala lemvelo lokutyekela kubufanasini, kodwa ikakhulu isiphumo esinobunzima apho umfuziselo womfuziselo umisela imeko yangaphambili, edityaniswa nefuthe lendalo, ukukhula, njl.
(4) Abanye abantu abadumileyo phakathi kwentshukumo yamafanasini, kubandakanya abafundi, bayayigxeka inkcazo malunga nokukwamkelwa kobufanasini nokuba bathi bugqitywe kukhetho abazi ngalo.

Ngaba umtsalane wobungqingili ungapheliswa?

(1) Kukho isiseko esibonakalayo sobungqina obunamandla kunye nonyango lokuba umdla wobungqingili ungapheliswa ngokufanelekileyo.
(Xnumx) Umbandela obalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunyango olubuyisayo kukuthatha inxaxheba komguli kunye nomnqweno wokutshintsha.
(Xnumx) Kwiimeko ezininzi, umtsalane wobungqingili, onokuthi ubekho ngexesha lokufikisa, unyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo kwinqanaba elivuthiweyo ngakumbi.

Ngaba ubufanasini bunxulumene nemingcipheko yempilo?

(1) Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ye-gastrointestinal njengelungu lokudalwa kwendalo kunxulunyaniswa nemingcipheko yempilo yesifo esosulelayo nesosizi.
(2) phakathi kwabantu abakhokelela kwindlela yokuphila yobungqingili, bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini, kukho umngcipheko oqinisekileyo wokwanda kwezifo ezahlukeneyo, zombini usulelo (intsholongwane kaGawulayo, isifo sokuphefumla, isifo seengcongconi, njl. Njl.), Unyango noqhaqho.

Ngaba ubutshaba kubufanasini yimbumbulu?

(1) Isimo sengqondo esibucayi kubufanasini asihlangabezani neempawu zokuxilongwa kwephobia njengengqondo yengqondo. Akukho luvo lwe-nosological of "homophobia", ligama lokuthetha rhetoric kwezopolitiko.
(2) Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "ubungqingili" kwinkqubela yenzululwazi ukubonisa yonke imbonakalo yesimo sengqondo esigwenxa yinto engalunganga. Ukusetyenziswa kwebinzana elithi "Homophobia" kuthoba umgca phakathi kwesimo sokuqonda esikukuthandana kwabantu abathandana besini esinye ngokusekwe kwiinkolelo zembono kunye neendlela zokubonakalisa ubukrwada, ukutshintsha umbono wokudibanisa intshabalalo.
(3) Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwegama "ubungqingili" linyathelo elinamandla elijolise kumalungu oluntu olungayamkeliyo into yokuba indlela yokuphila yobungqingili iyabandakanyeka kuluntu, kodwa abangaziva intiyo okanye boyike abantu abathandanayo.
(4) Ukongeza kwiinkolelo zenkcubeko kunye nezempucuko, isimo sengqondo esigxekayo kwimicimbi yesini esifanayo kubonakala sisekelezwe kukungaziphathi kakuhle komzimba-impendulo yemvelo eye yavela kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela komntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo esemgangathweni yokuzala kunye nokuzala.

"Ubungqingili" - "ubufanasini bokwenyani"?

(1) Uphando aluxhasi i-psychoanalytic hypothesis yesimo sengqondo esibucayi sabantu abathandanayo ukuba baziphathe ngendlela efanayo.
(2) Isimo sengqondo esibuhlungu sabantu abathandanayo kubantu abatshatileyo kukuboniswa kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu abathandana besini esinye sichazwa zizo zombini iinkqubo ezichasayo (amajoni omzimba okuziphatha) kunye nefuthe lokutsala ukuthanda kunye nokwaliwa ngokungafaniyo.

Ngaba ukuqhuba kwabantu abungqingili kunye ne-pedophilia (ukuqhuba ngesondo kwabantwana) kuyahambelana?

Umtsalane wobungqingili kunye ne-pedophilia ziindidi eziwela ngaphezulu ngokusekwe kumnqweno wobungqingili ngeminyaka yento ekhangayo.
(1) Umbutho wokunciphisa nokuphelisa iminyaka esemthethweni yokuvuma (ukwenza isenzo sokwabelana ngesondo) wazalwa njengenxalenye yomanyano lwabantu abathandana nabantu abatshatileyo, kwaye imibutho ejonge ekuphelisweni kweminyaka yokuvuma kunye nokususwa komtsalane kubantwana kwenziwa kwaye kukhokelwa ngabantu abathandana abathandanayo.
(2) Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, umba wokuphelisa iminyaka yemvume kunye nokususwa komtsalane kwezesondo ebantwaneni kwiimeko ezininzi kubanjiswe phantsi kwentshukumo ye "LGBT +".
(3) Phakathi kwenani elikhulu labantu abathandana besini esinye, ukhetho lobudala olunokwakheka kumadoda nabafana abancinci kuyaqatshelwa.
(4) Ukulalana kwabantu besini esahlukileyo ebuntwaneni kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhutywa kwesondo lobufanasini.
(5) Umyinge wenani lamatyala okuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana ababhinqileyo kubantu abadala ukuya kwinani leemeko zokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana abatshatileyo lihlala likhulu kuneqondo lokutsala kwabantu abatshatileyo.

Ngaba amalungelo ezitabane aphulwe?

(1) Iimpawu ezisisiseko kunye nokuqonda ngokwesiko somtshato njengendibano yendoda kunye nowasetyhini ngaphandle kokuzimanya nabantwana, izilwanyana, izinto ezingaphilanga, umtshato kwelinye iqabane, umtshato phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo kunye nezinye iintlobo zembono zembali zasemva komtshato.
(2) Wonke umntu ozibona njengongungqingili kunye / okanye owenza ubufanasini unamalungelo afanayo kunye nezithintelo umntu ongazithathi njengobungqingili kwaye ongabenzi ubufanasini enabo kwaye ethintelwe.
(3) "I-LGBT +" izishoshovu - intshukumo azidingi ukwandiswa kwemigaqo yomthetho ekuthiwa ayifumaneki kubo (enyanisweni, ziyafikeleleka kubo ngokupheleleyo), kodwa ukuphakamisa iintshukumo ngokusekelwe kubungqingili kwisimo esongezelelweyo somthetho, ngamanye amazwi, zifuna utshintsho kwinkcazo. kunye nemisebenzi yentlalo yomtshato.
(4) Abanye babaxhasi be-LGBT + baxele ekuhleni ukuba eyona njongo yokuphinda kuqinisekiswe ngomtshato ayikokulandela “amalungelo alinganayo,” kodwa ukupheliswa komtshato njengendawo yokwakha intlalo.

Ngaba ubufanasini bunxulumene nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini?

(1) Kubudlelane bokwabelana ngesondo kunye nabantu abathandanayo, ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda, kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunakubantu abathandanayo.
(2) Ngokomyinge, amaqabane abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kunye “nemitshato” amafutshane kakhulu kunemitshato engafaniyo.
(3) Ubuqabane obufanasini kunye "nemitshato" zizinto ezivulekileyo ngokwesondo "ezivulekileyo" - bavumela ubudlelwane bezesondo ngaphandle kwesibini.
(4) Amanqanaba obundlobongela kubudlelane bokwabelana ngesondo kunye nabantu abatshatileyo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini, aphezulu kunakubantu abathandanayo.

Ngaba ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo kwiGrisi yamandulo?

(1) Kwilizwe lakudala lamaGrikhi, izenzo zesondo zenzeka phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana, phakathi kwabantu nezilwanyana, phakathi kwabantu abadala besini esinye, kodwa bezingafani nolwalamano olungafaniyo nobungqingili.
(2) Ubufanasini ngendlela obujongwa ngayo namhlanje - njengobudlelwane obuphathelele kwezesondo phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo - ngakumbi kwimeko yobudoda, yagwetywa ngokuqatha kwaye bohlwaywa ngokuqatha kuluntu kwiGrisi yakudala.
(3) Kukho izimvo ezinesiseko esifanelekileyo malunga nobukho bexesha elithile lembali kunye nakwiindawo ezithile zeGrisi yakudala hayi yobungqingili, kodwa yokuhamba ngeenyawo (i-pedophilia yamafanasini), eyayiyinxalenye yeziko elithile lokukhulisa amakhwenkwe (ukwahlulwahlulo olungqongqo ngenxa yomyalelo woluntu okanye umkhosi). Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkwenkwe kunye nomcebisi babelawulwa ngokungqongqo kwaye icandelo lokuhamba ngeenyawo alibandakanywanga.

Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imingcipheko kubantwana abakhuliswa ngamafanasini?

(1) Abantwana abakhuliswe ngabalingani besini esifanayo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokukhulisa ukuqhuba kwabantu besini esinye, ukungathobelani ngokwesini kunye nokuthatha indlela yokuphila yobungqingili- ezi ziphumo zaye zafunyanwa nakwizifundo ezenziwa ngababhali abathembekileyo kwi "LGBT +" intshukumo.
(2) Izifundo eziboniswe ngabaphembeleli be-LGBT + -intshukumo kunye nababambisene (ukukhusela ibango lokuba akukho mahluko phakathi kwabantwana abasuka kwiintsapho zemveli kunye nabantwana abakhuliswe ngabasetyhini abatshatileyo abathandanayo) baneziphene ezibalulekileyo. Phakathi kwazo: iisampulu ezincinci, indlela enomkhethe yokutsala abaphenduli, ixesha elifutshane lokujonga, ukungabikho kwamaqela olawulo kunye nokwakheka kakuhle kwamaqela olawulo.
(3) Uhlolisiso olwenziwe kunye neesampulu ezinkulu zokumela ezinexesha elide lokujonga libonisa ukuba, ukongeza kumngcipheko owandayo wokuthatha indlela yokuphila yobungqingili, abantwana abakhuliswe ngabazali abathandana nabo bangaphantsi kwabantwana abasuka kwiintsapho zemveli ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ngaba "ukufana" komtsalane wobungqingili yinyani engqinisisiweyo yesayensi?

Njengesizathu sokuba "sisemthethweni" wobungqingili, kucingelwa ukuba "ukutshintshwa" (ukuzivumelanisa neemeko kunye nokuziqhelanisa) kunye nokusebenza kwezentlalo zabantu abathandana besini esifanayo kuthelekiswa nobungqingili. Nangona kunjalo, kubonisiwe ukuba "ukulungelelanisa" kunye nokusebenza kwentlalo akuhambelani nokucacisa ukuba ukuphambuka ngokwesini kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwaye kukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingezizo ezimbi. Akunakwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba imeko yengqondo ayiphambuki, kuba imeko enjalo ayikhokeleli "ukulungelelanisa" ukungasebenzi kakuhle, uxinzelelo okanye umsebenzi wentlalontle, kungenjalo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuninzi kufanele ukuba kuchazwe ngendlela ephosakeleyo njengeemeko eziqhelekileyo. Iziphelo ezicatshulwe kuncwadi olucatshulwe ngabacebisi bemilinganiselo yokuthandana kwabantu abathandana besini esinye asiqinisekiswanga, kwaye izifundo ezingathandekiyo azinakujongwa njengezinokuthenjwa.

Ngaba ubufanasini babandakanywa kuluhlu lokugqwetha ngokwesini ngokwesivumelwano?

Ukuvota okwenziwe ngumbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association ngoDisemba 1973 ngokungafakwanga kwabantu abathandana nabantu abatshatileyo kulwahlu lweengxaki zengqondo kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubhengeza idatha ebalulekileyo yophando, ngaphandle kokujonga nokuhlalutya okufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kwengxoxo eyaneleyo, phantsi koxinzelelo olunamandla oluvela kwimibutho yabantu abathandana abathandanayo. Esi sigqibo yayiluphawu lokuqala olubalulekileyo lwexesha lenkolelo yemfundiso "echanekileyo kwezopolitiko."

Ngaba "isayensi yanamhlanje" ayikhethi buso ubufanasini?

Iingxelo ezinjengokuthi "unobangela wemfuza wobufanasini ungqiniwe" okanye "umtsalane wobufanasini awunakuguqulwa" zenziwa rhoqo kwimisitho edumileyo yemfundo yesayensi nakwi-Intanethi, ejoliswe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubantu abangenamava ngokwenzululwazi. Kweli nqaku, ndiza kubonisa ukuba uluntu lwale mihla lwezenzululwazi lulawulwa ngabantu abasebenzisa iimbono zabo zentlalo nezopolitiko kwimisebenzi yabo yezenzululwazi, besenza inkqubo yezenzululwazi ukuba ithandeke kakhulu. Ezi mbono ziqikelelwayo ziquka uluhlu lweengxelo zezopolitiko, kubandakanywa ngokunxulumene noko kubizwa. "abancinci ngokwesini", oko kukuthi "ubufanasini luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesini phakathi kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana", ukuba "umtsalane wesini esifanayo yinto yemvelo kwaye ayinakuguqulwa", "isini sisakhiwo sentlalo esingaphelelanga kuhlelo lwesibini", njl. kwaye nangokunjalo. Ndiya kubonisa ukuba ezo mbono zithathwa njengezithethe, zizinzile, kwaye zisekwe kwizangqa zenzululwazi zaseNtshona, nangona kungekho bungqina besayensi obunyanzelisayo, ngelixa ezinye iimbono zibhalwe ngokukhawuleza njenge "pseudoscientific" kunye "nobuxoki," nangona banobungqina obubambekayo. emva kwabo. Izinto ezininzi zinokuchazwa njengonobangela wokuthambekela okulolo hlobo-ilifa elimangalisayo lentlalo nembali elakhokelela ekuveleni "kweenkolelo zenzululwazi", imizabalazo enzulu yezopolitiko eyavelisa uhanahaniso, "urhwebo" lwesayensi olukhokelela ekusukeleni imvakalelo. , njl. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukuthambekela kwisayensi kuhlala kuyimpikiswano. Nangona kunjalo, ngokoluvo lwam, kuyenzeka ukudala iimeko zenkqubo yesayensi elinganayo.

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