Uninzi lwezixhobo ezingezantsi zipapashwa kwingxelo yohlalutyo. "Iintsomi ezenziwa ngabantu abathandana abathandanayo kwaye zibhengeza ukukhanya kwesayensi". ikhonkco:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

Esinye seziqubulo zentshukumo "ye-LGBT" sisibakala sokuba umyinge wabantu abanomtsalane kubufanasini ekucingelwa ukuba yi-10% -oko kukuthi, lonke ishumi. Ngokwenyani, ngokwezifundo ezikhulu zale mihla ezenziwa eUnited States kunye namazwe e-European Union (Oko kukuthi, kumazwe apho ubufanasini bunenkxaso ebanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kwizixhobo zikarhulumente), inani labantu abazichaza njengamafanasini liyahluka ukusuka kwi-1% ukuya kuma-3 ubuninzi. %.

Ivelaphi ingxelo malunga ne "10%", esetyenziswe "LGBTKIAP +", intshukumo kwimidiya, ibonakalisa ishishini nenkcubeko, ivelaphi?

Eyona nto iphambili kule ntsomi ziingxelo zesazinzulu saseMelika uAlfred Kinsey, ogqwethekileyo nothatyathwe ngaphandle kwemeko, ngubani kwi1941, phantsi kwenkxaso-mali yeRockefeller Foundation, waqala ukuqokelela idatha yobomi bezesondo baseMelika. Kwi-1948, uKinsey wapapasha ingxelo enomxholo othi "Ubomi beSondo beNdodaDoda" (I-Kinsey xnumx), apho iinkcazo "ezinemvakalelo" ezininzi zaye zabeka isiseko soko kubizwa ngokuba "kukuvuselelwa ngokwesondo" eMelika:

• U-Kinsey uxelele ukuba ukuziphatha okubi kunye nokuphambuka ngokwesini kuxhaphake kakhulu kubemi baseMelika kunokuba becinga ngokwabo (Reisman xnumx, iphe. 2);
• I-Kinsey iphakamise inqanaba elikhethekileyo lokutsala ngokwesondo ukusuka kumanqanaba e-7: ukusuka kubhekiswa kuphela kwisini esahlukileyo, ukuya ngqo kubuni bakhe (I-Kinsey xnumx, iphe. 639, 651, 656). Kweli nqanaba, amaxabiso aphakathi abonisa umtsalane kababini, ke iimeko eziqwalaselwa njengokuphambuka zalingana nezomzimba (I-Kinsey xnumx, iphe. 639, 651, 656);
• U-Kinsey wacacisa ukuba isondo phakathi kwabafana kunye namadoda ayinabungozi njengoko bekucingelwa ngaphambili (IMarotta xnumx, iphe. 36);
• kwisampula yeKinsey 8,% yabaphenduli abangamadoda baxele ukuba babelane ngesondo nezilwanyana (I-Kinsey xnumx, iphe. 667);
  Okokugqibela, kwisampulu yaseKinsey, malunga ne-10% yamadoda aphononongiweyo athi enza okungaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu phakathi kweminyaka ye-16 kunye ne-55, kunye ne-4% yamadoda ayenze le nto ebomini babo bonke (I-Kinsey xnumx, iphe. 65)

Ngaba isifundo seKinsey sanele kwaye iziphumo zako zinobunyani? Iingcali ziqwalasele imisebenzi ka-Alfred Kinsey ngokwembono ezimbini: ukusuka kwindlela yokusebenza kunye nokuziphatha.

I-Kinsey yeMechnic Inaccuracies

Kuba abantu abaqhelekileyo be-40's babengafuni ukuthetha ngeenkcukacha zobomi babo obusenyongweni, uKinsey kwafuneka afune amavolontiya phakathi kwabagxothiweyo - ezintolongweni, erenki, kwiindawo zokugcina amabele, njl njl. Ke, i-25% yabantu kwisampula yaseKinsey yayingamabanjwa okwangoku okanye owayekhe wahlala entolongweni ngaphambili, kwaye i-5% yesampula yayingabahenyuzi abangamadoda (I-Kinsey xnumx, iphe. 216). Ukongeza, kwakukhona amakhulu emigca ye-gay esuka kwimivalo ye-gay, iipimps, amasela, abaphangi, kunye ne-9 pedophiles kwisampula. Yayingamabali abo athi aziswe njengokwabelana ngesondo okuqhelekileyo nokwandileyo komntu oqhelekileyo waseMelika, kwisiseko apho kwenziwa “amalungelo” okuhamba kwabantu abathandanayo.

Kwi-1954, ikomiti yeAmerican Statistical Association, ebandakanya izazinzulu ezikumgangatho wehlabathi: ingcali yezibalo uJohn Tukey kunye nengcali yezibalo uWilliam Cochran, waqukumbela:

"Sijonga ukugxeka okungagungqiyo kwengxelo kaKinsey uninzi lweengxelo ezivuselelayo zenziwa ngababhali ungaxhomekeki kwidatha eboniswe kwingxelo... Akucaciswanga ukuba bubuphi ubungqina obusekelwe kula mabango ... Izigqibo ezithathwe kwidatha ebhalwe kwingxelo zenziwe ngababhali ngendlela yokuzithemba ... Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zigxeko zibonisa ukuba uninzi lwengxelo alufikeleli kwimigangatho yokupapashwa kwesayensi efanelekileyo "(I-Cochran xnumx, iphe. 152).

Izigqibo zeKinsey zijolise kwiziphumo zophando lweqela elikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo ngabantu abaqheleneyo, ngelixa uphando oluchanekileyo ngokwemfundo kufuneka lwenziwe kwiqela (i.e. akhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga) kwiqela. Ngokukodwa, uTukey uqaphele: «Iqela elonyulwe ngokungakhethiyo ngabantu abathathu liya kubameli ngaphezulu kweqela labantu abangamakhulu amathathu uMnu Kinsey» (INew York Times 2000, iphe. A19).

Ugqirha wezengqondo u-Abraham Maslow, umyili we "phuli yedinga lika Maslow" odlulileyo, wongeze ukuba iKinsey ayithathelanga icala elithathwe kwinto yokuba idatha iqokelelwa kuphela kubasebenzi bokuzithandela abafuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu phando, isampulu yeKinsey ayinabameli ngokupheleleyo (I-maslow xnumx, iphe. 259).

Nantsi ke into ebhalwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo u-Edmund Bergler kunye no gynecologist uWilliam Kroger malunga nalo mnqweno wokuthatha inxaxheba kwisifundo seKinsey emsebenzini wabo "Intsomi kaKinsey yesini sabasetyhini: iinyani zonyango":

"... Ubomi obusondeleyo bomntu obuqhelekileyo yinto yomntu enzulu, into yokuba uKinsey acinge ukuba amavolontiya akhe athetha inyaniso iyabuzwa. Abantu abathi kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko bathethe inyani batyekele ekuthini bayazi ukuba bayayifumana nini into yokwabelana ngesondo. Umfazi oqhelekileyo welo xesha kunye nenkcubeko, uphendula imibuzo ngobomi bakhe bezesondo, uya kuthi "Musa ukunamathela impumlo yakho ngaphandle kweshishini lakho." Ngokwesiqhelo, ubomi besini besetyhini buxhomekeke kumnqweno womtshato, uthando, nokuba ngumama, kodwa imisebenzi efanayo ayifakwanga kwingxelo yeKinsey.

Ukuvuleleka kwamavolontiya kuphando lweKinsey kunokuba kusekwe kwiminqweno yabo efihlakeleyo esekwe kwii-neuroses zesondo. Ukunqongophala kolwazi malunga nokusebenza kwengqondo okunamandla kwenza iKinsey yaphambuka; akazange aqonde ukuba amavolontiya akhe ayekulungele ukuthetha, kuba yayiyimithambo-luvo. Balamkele ithuba lokubonisa ubungqina bommandla wokuphambuka kwezesondo ... "(I-Bergler 1954).

U-Bergler wabiza iKinsey ukulinganisa ukuthanda kwakhe, kunye neengxelo zakhe «iintsomi zamanani-nkqubela-phambili ngokubhekisele kubandlululo oluchazwe kwangaphambili» (I-Bergler 1956, iphe. 62).

Kunyaka we-2004, iqela leqela elalibizwa ngokuba yi- “American Legislative Exchange Council”, elaliquka amagqwetha, amasekela-mabandla epalamente kunye neCongress, iisenetha (malunga neengcali ze2400 xa zizonke), emva kwesifundo seminyaka emihlanu, bapapasha isiphetho sokuba "umsebenzi kaKinsey usekwe kwiibalo ezingeyonyani kunye nezinye okanye izigqibo zomthetho ezisekwe kwiziphumo zomsebenzi.I-ALEC 2004).

"Indlela kaKinsey inokuchazwa ngokufutshane ngomzekelo olula: masithathe isigqibo sokufumana inani lamakhoboka eziyobisi kwisixeko esinabantu abangama-10 amawaka abantu. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka udliwanondlebe lonke amawaka alishumi kwaye ubale inani leziyobisi. Okanye ukufumana isampulu enokuthi ibe ngummeli (ummeli), oko kukuthi, iya kumela bonke abantu besixeko: ngobudala, isini, umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, njl. Masithi isampulu yabantu be-500, amadoda e-250, abafazi be-250, onke amanqanaba obudala, avela kwisithili ngasinye ngokuxhomekeke kubemi bawo, njl. Njl. Khawufane ucinge isibhedlele esixekweni esine-toxicology department. Usebenzisa inani lezigulana kwesi sibhedlele njengesampulu kwaye uchonga abaguli abanyangwa kwisebe lobuchwephesha njengeziyobisi. Umzekelo, ukuba esibhedlele kukho abaguli be-50, abathi kwi-5 bakwisebe le-toxicology, uya kufumana idatha "evakalayo" kwinqanaba lokulutha kweziyobisi esixekweni: 10%. Nangona enyanisweni isiphumo sakho siza kuba yi-0,05% yabemi basezixekweni, ayisiyonyani yokuba zonke izigulana ezikwi-toxicology zingamakhoboka eziyobisi. "

Zibonisa ntoni?

Ukusukela kwi-1948, iziphumo zeKinsey aziphindwanga kwezinye izifundo ezinkulu. Ulwazi ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuvota olwenziwe kwinqanaba likazwelonke elibandakanya amawaka abantu abaphendulwayo kumazwe apho utyekelo lobufanasini lunandipha inkxaso egcweleyo ngurhulumente aluzange luveze amaxabiso asondele kwiziphumo zeKinsey.

UGqr. Neil Whitehead ubonelela ngomsebenzi wakhe uphononongo ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-30 eziqhutywa kumazwe aseNtshona ngaphambi konyaka we-2010 (I-Whitehead 2018, iphe. 40). Idatha ayigqithi kwi-2.4%

Uhlalutyo olucacileyo lophando lwenzululwazi lwale mihla ukuvavanya umyinge wabantu abakhethekileyo abathandana nabasetyhini kunye nengxoxo yokuba ngubani ofanele ukuthathwa njengabantu abanjalo kwizifundo banikwe umsebenzi kaGqr Sprigg noDaley (I-Sprigg 2004, iphe. 35 - 53).

Iimpawu zokuziphatha zokusebenza kukaKinsey kunye nobomi

Abaphandi banikela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha zokuziphatha zeKinsey's imisebenzi. Akaqokelelanga datha nje kuphela, koko wayila, wenza iifilimu zesini zoogxa bakhe kunye nabahlobo kwigumbi lakhe eliphantsi (Reisman xnumx, iphe. 73). NgokukaJinsey biologist uJames Jones: Ngelixa usebenzela kwiprojekthi yaseKinsey, kuye kwafuneka ukuba ulale nenkosikazi yakhe, kwaye neyakho, ngokomdla "wesayensi, kunjalo" (ISutherland xnumx) Xa kwathi kwavela ukuba izifundo zeKinsey, ngaphandle kwamava “atyebileyo”, zanikeza iimpendulo ezingathandekiyo kwimibuzo malunga neendlela ezithile "eziqhubekekayo" zokuziphatha ngokwesondo, amanyathelo ashukumisayo asetyenziswa kubo (ukucekiswa "kwemfihlo" kunye nomvuzo "wokuthetha ngokungafihlisiyo"), kunye ukuba akukhange kuncede oko, ugqirha uzihlele ngokwakhe iimpendulo, esenza uhlengahlengiso lweenkcukacha-manani.I-Jasper xnumx) U-Kinsey wayenomdla kakhulu "kwisini sabantwana": wasebenza kunye ne-pedophiles ngemeko yokugcina ukungaziwa kwabo kwaye babhala phantsi kumagama abo idatha kwi "orgasms" kubafana be-preubertal (ukusuka kwiinyanga ze-5 ukuya kwi-14 iminyaka. I-orgasm yeKinsey yachazwa ngolu hlobo: “Ukuxinezeleka kakhulu ngokuxhuzula kakhulu, ukuxhina, ukugcuma, ukukhala okanye ukukhala okunamandla, ngamanye amaxesha ngezinye iinyembezi ezininzi, ukubila. Ngaphambi kokuqala komzimba, banokuliphindezela iqabane kwaye benze imizamo yobundlobongela yokuphepha ukufikelwa yimigulukudu, nangona befumana ulonwabo olungathandabuzekiyo kule meko.. Kwitheyibhile ye34 yomsebenzi waseKinsey okhankanywe ngaphambili (I-Kinsey xnumx, iphe. 180) inedatha emasikizi malunga nabantwana be24, kubandakanya inkwenkwana eneminyaka eyi-4 eneminyaka engama-24 "orgasms" kwiiyure ze-26.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, njengenxalenye yomkhankaso "wemfundo" iKinsey ibonise abantwana iifilimu ngokuprinta i-porcupines, bejonga indlela abasabela ngayo kwinto eboniswe kwiscreen (I-gathorne-hardy xnumx, iphe. 347).

U-Kinsey wayengumxhasi wobudlelwane "obuvulekileyo" emtshatweni, waze wafumana isivumelwano kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uClara McMillen ukuba banokukopela omnye komnye nabanye abantu; U-Kinsey, phakathi "kwabanye abantu," yayingabafundi bakhe bangaphambili kunye no-Clyde Martin noWardell Pomeroy, kunye noMartin babethandana nomfazi wakhe (Baumgartner xnumx, iphe. 48; 2009 uMthetho; UJones 1997) Emva koko, bobabini uMartin noPomeroy nabo baba ziingcali kwezesondo zaseMelika. Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi malunga nemiba yendlela yokusebenza kunye nokuziphatha emsebenzini weKinsey yenziwe ngumphandi uJudith Reisman, umlinganiswa woluntu waseMelika, ugqirha kunye nomhlohli wezomthetho kwiDyunivesithi yaseLiberty eVirginia; Iziphumo zophando zipapashwa kwiincwadi ezininzi (Reisman xnumx, 1998, 2006).

Kuthethwa ngabameli bentshukumo ye-LGBT

Namhlanje, xa ubufanasini buzinzile kuluntu lwaseNtshona, kwaye ukubhengezwa kwesiteyitimenti sobuxoki malunga neepesenti ezilishumi zabantu abathandana abatshatileyo abayi kutshintsha nantoni na kwizikhundla zabo ezikhethekileyo, ezinye iinkokheli ze-LGBT ziyavuma ukuba umzobo ka "10%" wasetyenziswa njengeqhinga lobuzopolitiko kuba lwalunomtsalane kakhulu ukungahoywa. UTom Stoddard, intloko yeLambda Legal Defence Fund, umbutho wobungqingili eMelika, uthethe ngokungagungqiyo kudliwanondlebe nephephandaba iNewsweek American: "... sisebenzise eli nani ukunika umbono wokuba sikhulu ..." (Rogers P. Zingaphi izitabane ezikhoyo. Newsweek. 1993 Feb 15; 46). UJill Harris, osisithethi se-Act-up, omnye umbutho ongubungqingili eMelika, uthethe ngesizathu sokusebenzisa inombolo kwi-10%: "Ndicinga ukuba abantu bebesoloko besazi ukuba le thesis" nganye kwezi zilishumi "yayiyinto egqithisayo, kodwa ibiyindlela entle yokutsala umdla nokubonisa ukuba silapha" (Iifilimu zikaJeremia 1993).

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufikelele kwisigqibo malunga nobume bomzimba wayo nayiphi na into eyenzekileyo exhomekeke kwindlala yabemi?

Malunga neepesenti ezincinci zabantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo eziqwalaselwe kule nombolo ingezantsi: ukubakho kwale nto yinto ayibonisi "ubunjani" bayo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha kude kube namhlanje, kusoloko kukho ipesenti ethile yolwaphulo-mthetho eluntwini, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu, abanye bebambekile, kodwa le pesenti ayikaze ibe zero (I-FBI 2015; I-Harrendorf xnumx) Ngapha koko, ulwaphulo mthetho kunokuthiwa luphawu “lwendalo” eluntwini. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba ulwaphulo mthetho "yinto eqhelekileyo" emntwini, yokuba uluntu luyele ukuyilwa, kuba "yindalo"? Uninzi lwabantu lubamba umkhuhlane ngamaxesha athile onyaka, kwaye izibalo zenza ukuba bakwazi ukubikezela ngokuchanekileyo ukuxhaphaka kunye nokuxhaphaka kwezifo zokuphefumla (Bariffi xnumx) Nangona kunjalo, bahlala besisifo. Ubukho bokuphazamiseka kobuntu busuka kwi-6% ukuya kwi-10,6% phakathi kwenani labemi (I-Lenzenweger 2008) Kwi-43% yabasetyhini kunye ne-31% yamadoda, enye okanye enye ingxaki yezesondo iyenzeka: ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile, hyposecretion of the vagland gents, njl. (Laumann 1999). Ingxaki yokuxhalaba, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi kuchaphazela i-17% ukuya kwi-26% yabantu baseMelika (UKessler 1994) Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba rhoqo kwezi meko kubemi akusosiseko sokuzihlukanisa njengesiqhelo seengqondo.

ISISHWANKATHELO

Ukupapashwa kweKinsey, iziphumo zazo zisetyenziswa njengempikiswano yokuqinisekisa i-10% yabantu abanomtsalane wesini esifanayo, igcwele iimpazamo zendlela yokusebenza (kunye nokuziphatha);

• Izifundo ezenziweyo ukusasaza ukupapashwa komsebenzi weKinsey e-United States, eBritane, eCanada nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshona, abagubungela iisampulu ubuncinci bamawaka amawaka abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, bonisa ukuba inani labantu abazichaza njengamafanasini abafikeleli kwi-10%, kwizifundo ezininzi isalathi ububanzi ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-1% ukuya kwi-3% ephezulu;

Abanye abantu abadumileyo phakathi kwentshukumo yokwazisa utyekelo lobufanasini baqinisekisa ukuba balikhulisile inani ngeenjongo zokusasaza;

Ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezenzekileyo eluntwini akuthethi nto malunga nokuphila ngokwasentlalweni.

ULWAZI OLONGEZELELWEYO

IZiko loPhando loSapho. Umdlalo wamanani: Leliphi ipesenti yoBuninzi babantu abathandanayo? Ingxelo ekhethekileyo. I-URL: http://www.familyresearchinst.org/2009/02/the-numbers-game-what-percentage-of-the-population-is-gay/ 

I-Whitehead NE, i-Whitehead BK. Imfuza yam indenze ndayenza loo nto! Ubufanasini kunye nobungqina besayensi. Whitehead Associates. 2016. Isahluko II "Amanani amafanasini abonisa ukukhula kokukhula".

Sprigg P., Dailey T., iid. Ukuyifumana ngqo: Oko uPhando lubonisa kona ubufanasini. IBhunga loPhando loSapho, eWashington 2004.

UReisman uJ. Ubumsulwa obubiwe bubiweyo: Indlela iMelika eyangcatshwa ngayo bubuxoki kunye noLwaphulo-mthetho lwezesondo lwe "Nzululwazi" ephambeneyo.; Abapapashi boNguquko olutsha (2012).

Reisman J, Eichel EW. IKinsey, isini kunye nobuqhetseba: Ukufunyanwa kwabantu .; Indlu yeHuntington; I-Lafayette, LA (1990). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Sex_and_Fraud.pdf 

UReisman J., et al. IKinsey: Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neziphumo: I-Queen ebomvu kunye neGrand Scheme. IZiko leMfundo leMidiya; ICrestwood, KY (1998). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Crimes_and_Consequences.pdf

UReisman J., et al. I-Attic kaKinsey: Ibali elothusayo leNdlela yokuNyanga kweNdoda eNye yaLitshintsha njani iHlabathi. Ukupapashwa kweNdlu yaseCumberland (2006).

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