Okwangoku, zimbini iindlela zokubonelela ngoncedo lwengqondo kwezengqondo kwi-ego-dystonics (ezo zifanasini ezigatyayo inkanuko yazo yesini). Ngokuhambelana neyokuqala, kufuneka ziqhelane nendlela eya kwiminqweno yazo yesini kwaye zibancede baziqhelanise nobomi kuluntu olunemigangatho eyahlukileyo yesini. Olu lubizwa ngokuba lonyango oluxhasayo okanye oluhambelana nesini (engqina. -Ukuqinisekisa, ukungqina). Indlela yesibini (ukuguqula, ukuphinda ubelane ngesondo, ukuphindaphinda, ukwahlula unyango) ijolise ekuncedeni amadoda namabhinqa atshintshe indlela afuna ngayo ngokwesini. Eyokuqala kwezi ndlela isekwe kwisibhengezo sokuba ubungqingili ayisiyongxaki yengqondo. Ibonakala kwi-ICD - 10 kunye ne-DSM - IV.

Ngokoluvo lwethu, kunye noluvo lokukhokela abagqirha bezesondo kwezonyango kunye nophando olwenziwa kwezesondo eUkraine naseRussia (V.V. Krishtal, G.S. Vasilchenko, A.M. Svyadoshch, S.S. Libikh, A.A. Tkachenko). kwiziphazamiso zokhetho lwesondo (paraphilia) [1, 2]. Uluvo olufanayo kwabelwana ngalo ngoochwephesha abaninzi e-USA kwaye, ngakumbi, amalungu oMbutho weSizwe woPhando kunye noNyango loBungqingili; I-NARTH eyenziwe kwi1992 [3]. Into ebangela umdla luluvo kulo mba unjingalwazi wezengqondo u-Yu V. Popov - usekela. UMlawuli woPhando, iNtloko yeSebe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo yeYunivesithi, iSt. Petersych Psychoneurological Institute ebizwa emva V. M. Bekhterev, ebingakhankanywanga kushicilelo lwethu lwangaphambili malunga nengxaki ebekuxoxwa ngayo. Uqaphele ukuba "ukongeza kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kwezentlalo, kwezomthetho, ezimiselene kakhulu kwaye zinokwahluka nangakumbi kumazwe ahlukeneyo, amaqela eenkolo kunye neenkolo, kufanelekile ukuba bathethe ngemvelaphi yendalo. Ngokombono wethu, eyona nto iphambili kuyo nayiphi na ingcaciso yesiqhelo sebhayoloji okanye i-patology (ngokucacileyo, oku kuyinyani kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo) mayibe yimpendulo yombuzo wokuba ngaba ezi okanye olo tshintsho lunegalelo ekusindeni nasekuphindweni ngokutsha kweentlobo zezilwanyana okanye hayi. Ukuba sijonga kule nkalo nabaphi na abameli bezinto ezincinci abathi babelane ngazo ngesondo, emva koko bonke baya ngaphaya kwesiqhelo sebhayoloji ”[4].

Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba ukungathathelwa ingqalelo kobufanasini njengesiqhelo ngokwesondo kubonisiwe nakwincwadi yezonyango "Imodeli yokuchonga kunye nokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokuziphatha" ehlelwe nguV. N. Krasnov, I. Ya. Gurovich [5], yavunywa yi-6 ngo-Agasti 1999. I-Order No. 311 yoMphathiswa Wezempilo WaseRussia [6]. Ibonisa isikhundla seZiko lezeNzululwazi leFedikhali ngezeNzululwazi ngezeSayensi yezeSayensi yezeSondo kunye ne-Sexopathology (eMoscow) ngalo mbandela. Iimbono ezifanayo zibanjelwe kwiCandelo lezeSayensi yezeSondo kunye nezoNyango lweSayensi yezeMpilo yeKharkov Medical Academy ye-Postgraduate Education ye-Ministry of Health ye-Ukraine [7].

Okwangoku, uluntu lwezonyango kunye noluntu luphela luzama ukunyanzelisa uluvo lokuba unyango lokuvuselela ngokwesini kufuneka lungavunyelwa, okokuqala, kuba abantu abaphilayo abanakho ukunyangwa, njengobufanasini, kwaye, okwesibini, kuba isenokungasebenzi. Kwingqungquthela yeAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) e1994, bekucetywe ukuba kungeniswe kubathunywa "Isiteyitimenti sonyango malunga nonyango lwezengqondo olujolise ekutshintsheni isimo sengqondo", esele sivunyiwe yibhodi yabaphathiswa bombutho. Isisombululo, ngakumbi, sithe: "Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika awuxhasi naluphi na unyango lwezengqondo olusekwe kwinkolelo yengqondo yokuba ubufanasini kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye ojolise ekutshintsheni isimo sengqondo somntu ngokwesondo." Le nkcazo yayiza kuba sisigwebo esisemthethweni sonyango esibuyisayo (esiguqukayo) njengesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, i-NARTH, ngoncedo lombutho wamaKristu Gxila kuLusapho, yathumela iileta kumalungu ombutho eqhanqalaza ngokuchasene "nokophula umthetho lokuqala." Abaqhankqalazi babenazo iiphowusta ezinje nge "APA ayisiyo-GAYPA." Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokunqongophala kokucaciswa kwamanye amagama, ukwamkelwa kwale nkcazo kwalibaziseka, nto leyo i-NARTH ne-Eksodus International beyithatha [8] njengoloyiso lwabo.

Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba iEksodus International ngumanyano wamaKristu onxibelelana namasebe e85 e-35, athi, ngakumbi, asebenze ukuphuhlisa umnqweno wobungqingili, kwaye ukuba oku akuphumeleli, nceda abantu abathandana abatshatileyo ukuba balahle unxibelelwano lwesini kunye nabameli babo isini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuyafundiswa, kunye nenkxaso yamaqela. Iinzame ezigxile ekulimaleni komntwana, abathi ngokweengcinga zale ntshukumo zingunobangela wokungatshati (ukungabikho komama okanye utata, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwesondo, ukuphathwa gadalala kwabazali). Kwaxelwa ukuba kwi-30% yeemeko, lo msebenzi uvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo [9]. Emva kwexesha (kwi-2008) kupapasho oluninzi lwavela kwi-Intanethi lusazisa ukuba iingcali zengqondo zaseMelika uStan Jones noMark Yarhaus baqhuba isifundo phakathi kwamalungu e-98 alo mbutho, ekwenziwa umsebenzi wawo ukutshintsha isimo sabo sengqondo esingafunekiyo. Ngokwabo, iziphumo ezilungileyo yayiyi-38%. Abaphandi baqinisekisile ukuba iziphumo zokuguqula azakhokelela nakwezinye iziphumo ezibi zengqondo kubo bonke abantu be-98, eziphikisayo ukufakwa kwabachasi kwezi mpembelelo, abathi ziyingozi kwi-psyche yomntu.

Zombini ezi mpikiswano, ezikhokelela kuthintelo kunyango lokuguqula (ubungqingili yinto eqhelekileyo, unyango lokuguqula alusebenzi), alunakungqineka. Ngokumalunga noku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kunikwe ingxelo yokuba ukungafakwa kwabantu besini esinye kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo DSM yenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. NgoDisemba i-15, i-1973, ivoti yokuqala ye-Bureau ye-American Psychiatric Association yenzeka, apho i-13 yamalungu ayo e-15 bavotela ukubukhupha ubungqingili kwenye irejista yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Oku kubangele uqhanqalazo oluvela kwinani leengcali ezathi, xa kunikwa ingxelo yazo ngalo mbandela, zaqokelela i-200 etyikityikayo Ngo-Epreli 1974, ivoti yenzeka apho ngaphezulu kwe-10 yee-5854 zokuvota zaqinisekisa isigqibo somongameli. Nangona kunjalo, i-3810 ayizange imazi. Eli bali labizwa ngokuba "sisigculelo sembali" ngezizathu zokuba ukusombulula umba "wesayensi esisiseko" ngokuvota imbali yezenzululwazi yinto engafaniyo [10].

Ngokunxulumene neenzame zokuhlisa ubungqingili, isazi esidumileyo senzululwazi yezesondo yaseRussia uNjingalwazi A. A. Tkachenko [11] uphawula ukuba isigqibo se-American Psychiatric Association "siphefumlelwe yingcinezelo yentshukumo ye-homeophilic", kunye "nenkcazo eyenziwayo kwezi meko, zibaluleke kakhulu, (Ngelishwa, ukuphinda iveliswe kwakhona kwi-ICD-10) kuyangqubana nemithetho-siseko yokuchongwa kunyango, ukuba kungenxa yokuba ayizibandakanyi iimeko ezihamba nokubandezeleka kwengqondo. Ndinikwe yi-kuzindikira. Umbhali ukwazisa ukuba esi sigqibo "sasingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphononongwa kweengcinga ezisisiseko zengqondo, ngakumbi inkcazo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngengqondo nganye". Isisombululo esichaziweyo, enyanisweni, sisiteyitimenti esikhethekileyo sendlela "eqhelekileyo" yokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo.

Ukuphonononga into yokuba iAmerican Psychiatric Association of Homosexuality yasuswa kuhlelo lokuchonga, i-RV Bayer [12] ibanga ukuba akubanga ngenxa yophando lwenzululwazi, kodwa yayilinyathelo elinokubangelwa yimpembelelo yexesha. Ngokuphathelene noku, kuyacetyiswa ukubonelela ngolwazi oluxelwe nguKristl R. Wonhold [13]. Uphawula ukuba ukuze uqonde isenzo se-APA, kuya kufuneka ubuyele kwimeko yezopolitiko ye-60-70-s. Emva koko zonke iinqobo zesithethe kunye neenkolelo zabizwa emthandazweni. Kwakulixesha lokuvukela nabaphi na abasemagunyeni. Kule meko, iqela elincinci labantu abathandana nabasetyhini abangamafanasini baqalisa iphulo lezopolitiko lokwamkela ubufanasini njengenye indlela eqhelekileyo yobomi. "Ndiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye ndonwabile ngalo," yayisisiqubulo sabo esiphambili. Baye baphumelela ikomiti evavanya iDSM.

Kwindlebe emfutshane eyandulela isigqibo, ugqirha wezengqondo oothunyelwe "Freudian bias." Kwi-1963, i-New York Medical Academy iyalele iKomiti yezeMpilo yoLuntu ukuba ilungiselele ingxelo malunga nokuthandana kwabantu besini esinye, egqiba ukuba ubufanasini ngenene sisidubedube, kwaye ubungqingili ngumntu onokukhubazeka ngokweemvakalelo, ongenakho ukwenza i-heterosexual eqhelekileyo ubudlelwane. Ukongeza, le ngxelo ithi abanye abantu abathandana besini esinye "baya ngaphaya kokuzikhusela kwaye baqala ukungqina ukuba ukuphambuka okunjalo yindlela yokuphila enqwenelekayo, elungileyo nencomekayo." Kwi-1970, iinkokeli zombutho wobungqingili kwi-APA ezicwangcisiweyo "iinkqubo zenkqubo ezijolise ekuphazamiseni iintlanganiso zonyaka ze-APA." Bakhusele ukuba semthethweni kwabo ngesizathu sokuba i-APA imele "inkonzo yengqondo njengeziko loluntu", hayi njengenqanaba lezenzululwazi labasebenzi.

Amaqhinga amkelweyo ayasebenza kwaye ngo-1971, evumela uxinzelelo olwenziwe kubo, abaququzeleli benkomfa elandelayo ye-APA bavuma ukwenza ikhomishini hayi kubufanasini, kodwa kubantu besini esinye. Usihlalo wale nkqubo walumkiswa ukuba ukuba ngaba ikhomishini ayivunywa, iintlanganiso zawo onke amacandelo ziyakuphazanyiswa ngabaphembeleli "besini". Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuvumela amafanasini ngokwawo ukuba axoxe ngokwakhiwa kwekhomishini kwinkomfa ka-1971, amatshantliziyo angamafanasini eWashington agqiba kwelokuba mabaphinde baphinde babhekane nonyango lwengqondo, kuba "utshintsho olungenamagingxi-gingxi" luya kuthintela ukuhamba kwesona sixhobo siphambili. izisongelo zodushe. Isibheno kwiGay Liberation Front salandela, sifuna uqhankqalazo ngoMeyi 1971. Ngokudibeneyo nobunkokheli bangaphambili, iqhinga lokulungiselela uqhushululu laphuhliswa ngononophelo. Ngomhla we-3 kaMeyi, ngo-1971, oogqirha bengqondo ababeqhankqalaza baqhekeza kwintlanganiso yabameli abakhethiweyo bomsebenzi wabo. Babamba imakrofoni baza bayinika itshantliziyo elingaphandle elathi: “Ukunyangwa kwengqondo kuyinto ekhohlakeleyo. Ukunyangwa kwengqondo kulwa imfazwe engapheliyo yokutshabalalisa kuthi. Ungasithathela ingqalelo esi sibhengezo semfazwe ngokuchasene nawe ... Silikhanyele ngokupheleleyo igunya lakho kuthi. "

Akukho mntu wenze inkcaso. Ke abaphembeleli bala manyathelo bavele kwiKomiti ye-APA kwi-terminology. Usihlalo wayo ucetyise ukuba indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu besini esinye ayisiyonto yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwaye le ndlela intsha yokufumana ingxaki kufuneka iboniswe kwiNcwadi yokuNxibelelanisa kunye neNkcukacha manani. " Xa kunyaka we-1973 iKomiti yadibana kwintlanganiso esemthethweni ngalo mbandela, isigqibo sangaphambi kokusebenza savunywa emva kwamasango avaliweyo (jonga ngentla).

F. M. Mondimore [8] ngale ndlela ilandelayo ichaza iziganeko ezandulela ukwamkelwa kwesi sigqibo. Umbhali uxela ukuba ukungabandakanywa kwabantu abathandana abatshatileyo kuludidi lweengxaki zokuphazamiseka kwaboniswa kakhulu ngumzabalazo wabantu abanesini esifanayo malunga namalungelo oluntu. I-27 ngoJuni i-1969 eGreenwich Village (NY), ukuvukelwa kwabantu abathandana besini esinye kwabangelwa kukuhlasela kwamapolisa kwisitabane sase-Stonewall Inn esitratweni sikaChristopher. Kuchithe ubusuku bonke, zaze zaphinda zahlangana ezitratweni, apho bathuka khona amapolisa, bawaphosa ngamatye, babasa imililo. Ngosuku lwesibini lwesiphithiphithi, amapolisa angamakhulu amane sele esilwile nabantu abathandana abangamawaka amabini. Ukusukela ngeloxesha, ethathwa njengesiqalo somzabalazo wabantu abathandana namalungelo oluntu, le ntshukumo, iphefumlelwe yimizekelo yentshukumo yamalungelo abo abantsundu kunye nentshukumo yokulwa imfazwe eVietnam, ibisoloko inoburharha kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ixabana ngendalo. Iziphumo zalo mzabalazo, ngakumbi, yayikukupheliswa kokuhlaselwa kwamapolisa kwimivalo yezitabane. "Bakhuthazwe yimpumelelo yabo kumlo wokulwa nokuxhatshazwa ngamapolisa, amalungu ombutho wamalungelo ezitabane ajika imizamo yawo komnye umchasi-imbali yengqondo. Kwi-1970, izishoshovu zesini ziye zangena kwintlanganiso yeAmerican Psychiatric Association zaza zaphazamisa intetho ngo-Irving Bieber malunga nobungqingili, zambiza ngokuba "ngunyana wentloko" phambi koogxa bakhe ababothukile. Uqhankqalazo lunyanzelise abagqirha bengqondo zesini ukuba babhengeze ukubekelwa ecaleni kobufanasini kuluhlu olusemthethweni lokugula ngengqondo ”[8].

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-APA igqibe ekubeni kwixesha elizayo ukufunyaniswa kwesifo "sobufanasini" kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela kwimeko zobungqingili be-"ego-dystonic", oko kukuthi, kwiimeko apho ukujongana nobungqingili kukhokelele “ekubandezelekeni okubonakalayo” kwesigulana. Ukuba isigulana samkele isimo sayo sokwabelana ngesondo, ngoku kuthathwe njengengafanelekanga ukumfumanisa “njengongungqingili,” oko kukuthi, isigwebo esilandelanayo sangena endaweni yovavanyo lweengcali. Kwinqanaba lesibini, amagama athi "ubungqingili" kunye "nobungqingili" asuswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-DSM, njengoko olu xilongelo lwamkelwa njenge "lucalulo" [13].

D. Davis, C. Neal [14] chaza amandla e-terminology enxulumene nobungqingili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Baphawula ukuba kwi1973, ubufanasini babukhutshelwa ngaphandle kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo yi-American Psychiatric Association, kodwa kwi-1980 iphinde yavela kolu luhlu phantsi kwegama "i-ego-dystonic yesini sobungqingili". Nangona kunjalo, le nto yasuswa kuluhlu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kweDSM-III kwi-1987. Endaweni yoko, la magama athi "isifo esingachazwanga" avele, athetha "imeko eqhubekayo kunye nexelwayo yokubandezeleka okunxulunyaniswa nokubandakanyeka kwisini esinye."

I-ICD-10 iqaphela ukuba ubungqingili kunye nokubonakalisa ubungqingili azithathwa njengeziphene. Ngapha koko, ikhowudi ye-F66.1 (ye-ego-dystonic ngokwesini) ayiphawuleki, ebonisa imeko apho isini okanye ukhetho lwesondo lungathandabuzeki, kodwa umntu lowo ufuna ukuba bohluke ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ngokwasemphefumlweni okanye ekuziphatheni, kunye banokufuna unyango lokuzitshintsha. Kwimeko yesibakala sokuba ukuqhelaniswa kwabantu besini esifanayo kulwahlulo phantsi koqwalaselo akunakuthathwa njenge-pathology ngokwayo, umnqweno wokuphelisa lo mkhwa, enyanisweni, unokuthathwa njengobukho bohlobo oluthile lokungaqhelekanga [7].

Nangona kunjalo, uChristian R. Wonhold [13] uphawula ukuba kwi-1973, njengangoku, bekungekho ngxoxo yesayensi kunye nobungqina bezonyango obunokucacisa utshintsho olunjalo kwisikhundla ngokubhekisele kubufanasini (ukwamkelwa njengento eqhelekileyo).

Kwi-1978, kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba i-APA ithathe isigqibo sokukhuphela "ubungqingili" kwi-DSM, ivoti yathathwa phakathi kwe-10000 yezigulo zengqondo zabantu baseMelika abangamalungu alo mbutho. I-68% yoogqirha abagcwalisileyo babuyisela iphepha lemibuzo basabuthatha ubufanasini njengengxaki [13]. Kukwachazwa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwezazi ngengqondo ngesimo sabo sengqondo malunga nobufanasini babonisa ukuba uninzi lwabo lubona ubufanasini njengokuziphatha okuphambeneyo, nangona belungafakwanga kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo [15].

UJoseph Nicolosi (uJoseph Nicolosi) kwicandelo loKwazisa ngeDiagnosis kwincwadi yakhe ethi Reparative Therapy of Male Homosexuality. Indlela entsha yonyango ”[16] iqondakalise ngokungagungqiyo ngesizathu sesenzo esinzulu kangaka. Uqaphele ukuba phantse akukho luphando lutsha ngengqondo okanye kwezentlalo-siseko luthethelela olu tshintsho ... Lo ngumgaqo-nkqubo oye wema engxoxweni yobungcali. Abakhuseli abanobungqingili ... babangela ukungakhathaleli kunye nokudideka kuluntu lwaseMelika. Abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nesini bathi, ukwamkela ubungqingili njengendoda akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa bufanasini. ”

Ngokubhekisele kwi-ICD, isigqibo sokususa ubungqingili kuluhlu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kolu hluko lwenziwe ngevoti enye.

Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba ubungqingili abupheleli kuyo ngokwayo kwisigaba sokuqhuba. Ngokwezifundo ezizodwa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo (izitabane kunye nabantu abathandanayo) kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba kunjalo kubantu abathandanayo. Izifundo zesizwe ezimele ukwenziwa kwiisampulu ezinkulu zabantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo kunye nabaziphethe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ziye zafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu bokuqala ebomini (ixesha lexesha) banengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Isifundo esikhulu sabameli senziwa eNetherlands [17]. Le isampulu engahleliwe yamadoda nabafazi be-7076 abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwiminyaka ye-64, eyaphononongwa ukuba ichonge ubukho besi sifo (iimvakalelo) kunye noxinzelelo lokuxhalaba, kunye nokuxhomekeka kweziyobisi kubomi bonke nakwiinyanga zokugqibela ze-12. Emva kokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabo bantu abangazange babelane ngesondo kwi-12 kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo (abantu be-1043), kunye nalabo abangaphendulanga kuyo yonke imibuzo (abantu be-35), abantu be-5998 basala. (Amadoda e-2878 kunye nabafazi be-31220). Phakathi kwamadoda aphononongiweyo, i-2,8% yabantu babenobudlelwane bobuni obufanayo, kwaye phakathi kwabasetyhini abavavanyiweyo, i-1,4%.

Uhlalutyo lokwahlukana phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo kunye nabungqingili lwenziwa, olubonisa ukuba kubo bonke ubomi nakwiinyanga ze-12 zokugqibela, amadoda athandana nabantu abatshatileyo babeneengxaki zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ukubandakanyeka, kubandakanya ukudakumba, kunye noxinzelelo) xa kuthelekiswa namadoda angamadoda angatshatanga. Amadoda athandana nabantu abathandana nabo babenakho ukuxhomekeka kotywala obunamandla. I-Lesbians yahlukile kubafazi abathandanayo kubantu abatshatileyo abanokubandezeleka okukhulu kuxinzelelo, kunye notywala obuninzi kunye neziyobisi. Ngokukodwa, kwafumaniseka ukuba uninzi lwamadoda aziphethe ngendlela efanayo (i-56,1%) kunye nabasetyhini (i-67,4%) banengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubomi babo bonke, ngelixa inkoliso yokuziphatha kwabantu besini esahlukileyo (58,6%) kunye nabasetyhini (60,9 %) kubo bonke ubomi abunangxaki yengqondo.

Kuphando lwale mpikiswano, kwaboniswa ukuba ubufanasini bunxulumene nokuzibulala. Olu phononongo luvavanye umahluko kwiimpawu zokuzibulala phakathi kwabantu ababhinqileyo nabesilisa kunye nabasetyhini. Ababhali bagqibe kwelokuba nakwilizwe elinesimo sengqondo sokunyamezelana nobufanasini, amadoda athandana nabantu abathandana nabo asemngciphekweni wokuzibulala kunamadoda angatshatanga. Oku akunakuchazwa kukwanda kwengqondo yabo. Kwabafazi, ukuxhomekeka okucacileyo akuboniswanga [18].

E-United States, uphando lwenziwa kumawaka amaninzi abantu baseMelika ejolise ekufundeni umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo phakathi kwabantu ababenokwabelana ngesondo namaqabane esini esifanayo [[19]. Abaphenduli babuzwa ngenani labasetyhini kunye namadoda abaye baba neentlobano zesini kubo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ye-5. I-2,1% yamadoda kunye ne-1,5% yabasetyhini baxela ukuba banonxibelelwano kunye neqabane elinye okanye ngaphezulu bezesini esifanayo kwisithuba seminyaka ye-5. Kwavezwa ukuba aba baphenduli kwiinyanga ezi-12 ezidlulileyo. kwabakho ukwanda okuphezulu koxinzelelo lwexhala, ukuphazamiseka kwemood, ukuphazamiseka okunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokusebenza ngokusebenza kwengqondo, kunye neengcinga zokuzibulala kunye nezicwangciso, kunabo bahlangana kuphela nabantu besini esahlukileyo. Ababhali bagqiba kwelokuba ukuqhelisela ubungqingili, obugqitywe bubukho beqabane elifanayo lesini, kuyanyaniswa nokwanda ngokubanzi komngcipheko wokuphazamiseka okungasentla, kunye nokuzibulala. Baphawule ukuba uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukujonga izizathu zokunxibelelana.

ENetherlands, kuye kwenziwa uphando malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokudluliselwa kwisimo sokwabelana ngesondo kukhathalelo lwengqondo [20]. Ababhali balatha kwingcinga yangoku yokuba abantu abathandana abathandana nobungqingili kwaye kunqabile ukuba bafune uncedo lwezonyango kunakwabobantu abatshatileyo kuba bathembele kwinkqubo yezempilo. Injongo yesifundo yayikukufunda umahluko kwisibongozo solu ncedo, kunye nenqanaba lokuthenjwa kwabasemagunyeni kwezempilo kuxhomekeka kwisimo sabo sokwabelana ngesondo. Isampuli yezigulana (abantu be-9684) ababefake izicelo kwizazi ngokubanzi yavavanywa. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba imeko yezempilo iba mandundu ngakumbi kumadoda nabafazi abatshatileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabesilisa abangatshatanga. Akukho mahluko okwahluka ngokwesondo wokuthembela kwinkqubo yezempilo wachongwa. Amadoda athandana nabantu besini esinye ahlala ehlaselwa ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo yengqondo neyabantu abathile kunamadoda angafaniyo yena, kwaye abesilisa nabesilisa ababhinqileyo bahlala bephathwa iingxaki zengqondo kunabafazi abathandanayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kokufuna uncedo lwezonyango kubantu abathandana abathandanayo kunye nabantu abathandanayo xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abathandana nabesilisa abongenakuchazwa kuphela ngumahluko kwimeko yabo yezempilo. Ukuze uqonde ngcono iziphumo ezifunyenweyo, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nedatha kwindawo yokuqala yokufumana uncedo lwezonyango kubantu abathandana ababhinqileyo kunye nababhinqileyo.

UDM Fergusson et al. [I-21] ingxelo yengxelo yeminyaka engamashumi amabini yokufunda kwengane ye1265 yabantwana abazelwe eNew Zealand. I-2,8% yabo yayingamafanasini ngokusekelwe kwisimo sabo sokwabelana ngesondo okanye ubudlelwane bezesondo. Idatha yaqokelelwa rhoqo kwisandi sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantu abathile ukusuka kwiminyaka ye-14 ukuya kwiminyaka ye-21. Abantu abathandana besini esifanayo babeneempawu ezixhaphakileyo zoxinzelelo oluphambili, imeko yokuphazamiseka ngokubanzi, iingxaki zokuziphatha, intsholongwane ye-nicotine, ezinye iziyobisi kunye / okanye umlutha, ukuphazamiseka okuphindaphindiweyo, umbono wokuzibulala, kunye nokuzama ukuzibulala. Ezinye zezo ziphumo zazimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-78,6% yabantu abathandana nabantu besini esifanayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-38,2% yabantu abathobekileyo babe nengxaki yengqondo emibini okanye engaphezulu; I-71,4% yabantu abathandana nabantu besini esifanayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-38,2% yabantu abathandana nabantu abatshatileyo bafumana uxinzelelo olukhulu; I-67,9% yabantu abathandana nobungqingili xa kuthelekiswa ne-28% yabantu abathandana nabasetyhini baxele ukuzibulala; I-32,1% yabantu abathandana nobungqingili xa kuthelekiswa ne-7,1% yabantu abatshatileyo baxela inzame zokuzibulala. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo abanobungqingili bathandana nabantu abathandanayo.

ST Russell, M. Joyner [22] uxele ngedatha evela kwisizwe esimele ukumelwa kolutsha ngokubanzi lwase-US. Abafana abakwishumi elivisayo kwi-5685 kunye namantombazana akwishumi elivisayo ayi-6254 bahlolwa. Ubudlelwane bezothando phakathi kwabantu besini “kwabikwa yi-1,1% yamakhwenkwe (n = 62) kunye ne-2,0% yamantombazana (n = 125)” (Joyner, 2001). Oku kulandelayo kutyhilwe: ukuzama ukuzibulala kwaba namaxesha e-2,45 amathuba aphezulu phakathi kwabafana abanesini sokuthandana nomntu ongatshatanga; ukuzama ukuzibulala yayizihlandlo ze-2,48 ingakumbi phakathi kwamantombazana aneempawu zokuthandana nomntu ongatshatanga.

King et al. [I-23] ifundile ukupapashwa kwesifundo se13706 phakathi kweJanuwari 1966 kunye ne-Epreli 2005.Inye okanye ezingaphezulu zeendlela zekhwalithi ezisetyenziswayo ezifunekayo ukufakwa kuhlalutyo lwe-meta lwahlangabezana okungenani ne-28 yazo: isampulu esuka inani labantu ngokubanzi endaweni yeqela elikhethiweyo, isampuli engahleliwe, i-60% okanye imvamisa ephezulu yokuthatha inxaxheba, ubungakanani besampula bulingana okanye bukhulu kunabantu be-100. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwezi zifundo ziphezulu ze-28 zibike inani lezifundo ze-214344 heterosexual kunye ne-11971.

Ngenxa yoko, kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantu abathandana abathandanayo banengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngakumbi kuneempawu ezingafaniyo. Ke, ikakhulu, kwafunyaniswa ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa amadoda angatshatanga, amafanasini ebomini bonke (ubomi bonke) banoku kulandelayo:

Amaxesha e-2,58 andise umngcipheko wokudakumba;

Amaxesha e-4,28 umngcipheko owandisiweyo wokuzama ukuzibulala;

Amaxesha e-2,30 andise umngcipheko wokuzilimaza ngabom.

Ukuthelekisa ngokuhambelana kokuxhaphaka kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwiinyanga ezi-12 ezidlulileyo. (I-12-yokwanda kokunyanga) iveze ukuba abesilisa abangamafanasini bane:

Amaxesha e-1,88 anda umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka;

Amaxesha e-2,41 umngcipheko owandisiweyo wokufumana iziyobisi.

King et al. [I-16] ikwafumanise ukuba ngokuthelekiswa nabafazi abathandanayo, amafanasini ebomini bonke (ubomi bonke):

Amaxesha e-2,05 andise umngcipheko wokudakumba;

Amaxesha e-1,82 ukwanda komngcipheko wokuzama ukuzibulala.

Ukuthelekisa ngokuhambelana kokuxhaphaka kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwiinyanga ezi-12 ezidlulileyo. (Ukuxhaphaka kwe-12-inyanga) kubonise ukuba abantu ababhinqileyo banobungqingili:

Amaxesha e-4,00 umngcipheko owandisiweyo wotywala;

Amaxesha e-3,50 anyusa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi;

Amaxesha e-3,42 umngcipheko owandileyo wayo nayiphi na ingxaki yengqondo kunye nokuziphatha okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Inqanaba elisezantsi lokuziqhelanisa kwamadoda angatshatanga aboniswa ngokufundisisa komgangatho wobomi (i-QOL) kule nto ingentla yamadoda amaDatshi [24]. Amadoda angamafanasini, kodwa angabafazi, ahlukile emadodeni angatshatanga kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo ze-QOL. Enye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazele kakubi i-QOL kumadoda angamafanasini yayikukuzithemba kwabo okuphantsi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukunqongophala kobudlelwane phakathi kokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye nenqanaba lokuphila kwabasetyhini kubonisa ukuba olu lwalamano luhlawulwe nezinye izinto.

UJ. Nicolosi, uL. E. Nicolosi [25] ubika ukuba uxanduva oluphezulu lweengxaki zengqondo phakathi kwabantu abathandana (amadoda nabasetyhini) zigxekwa kuluntu lwabo olunengcinezelo. Nangona ababhali beqaphela ukuba kukho isixa esithile senyaniso kule ngxelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba sichaze imeko yangoku ngomphumo wale nto kuphela. Olunye uphononongo lufumene inqanaba eliphezulu leengxaki zengqondo phakathi kwabantu abathandana abathandanayo kunye nakuloo mazwe apho ubungqingili baphathwe kakuhle (iNetherlands, iDenmark), nalapho isimo sengqondo kuyo singavumiyo [26].

Ibango lokuba unyango lokuguqula alunakho ukusebenza nalo luphosakele. Oku kungqinwa linani ledatha. Iziphumo (uJ. Nicolosi et al., 2000) yesifundo sokuqala esacwangciswa ngokobukhulu bokusebenza kwezonyango lokuguqula (kuvavanywe abantu be-882, iminyaka yobudala - iminyaka ye-38, i-96% - abantu inkolo yabo okanye inkolo yabo ibaluleke kakhulu, i-78% -amadoda, ubude bexesha Unyango (malunga ne-3,5 iminyaka) lubonisa ukuba i-45% yabo babezijonga njengabathandana bodwa, batshintsha isimo sabo sokwabelana ngesondo baba ngabantu abathandanayo okanye baba ngabantu abathandanayo ngakumbi kunobungqingili [9]

Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba unjingalwazi waseYunivesithi yaseColumbia u-RL Spitzer, noxanduva lweAmerican Classifier of Mental Illness (DSM), owathi wagqiba kwelokuba angabukhupheli ubungqingili kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo, wenza ingxelo yokuba iziphumo zonyango lokuvuselela ubufanasini. ngeendlela ezininzi ezikhuthazayo. Ngaphaya koko, kwi-2003, ijenali yoVimba woSapho lokuziphatha ngokwesondo ipapashe iziphumo zophando olwenziweyo ukuze kuvavanywe ukuba, kubantu abathile, inkcubeko yobungqingili ekhoyo inokutshintsha ngenxa yonyango. Le hypothesis yaqinisekiswa luvavanyo lwabantu abangama-200 bobabini abantu besini (amadoda angama-143, abafazi be-57) [27].

Abaphenduli baxela iinguqu kwindlela eya kubantu abathandana nobungqingili, eyaqhubeka iminyaka ye-5 okanye nangaphezulu. Izifundo ekwenziwe udliwano-ndlebe kuzo zazingamavolontiya, iminyaka eqhelekileyo yamadoda yayiyi-42, abafazi - 44. Ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe, i-76% yamadoda kunye ne-47% yabasetyhini babetshatile (ngaphambi kokuqala unyango, ngokulandelelana, i-21% kunye ne-18%), i-95% yabaphenduliyo ibimhlophe, i-76% iphumelele ikholeji, i-84% ihlala e-USA, kunye ne-16% - eYurophu. I-97% yayineengcambu zobuKristu, kwaye i-3% yayingamaYuda. Uninzi lwabaphenduli (93%) bathi inkolo ibaluleke kakhulu ebomini babo. I-41% yabantu abaphononongiweyo bathi kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba kunyangwe babe gay (“gay”). Ngaphezulu kwesithathu kwabo baphononongiweyo (i-37% yamadoda kunye ne-35% yabasetyhini) bavumile ukuba ngaxa lithile bacinga kakhulu ngokuzibulala ngenxa yomtsalane wabo ongafunekiyo. I-78% ithethe ngokuvakalayo kwimizamo yokutshintsha ubufanasini babo.

Udliwanondlebe lwemizuzu ye45 ngemizuzu ebandakanya imibuzo ekujoliswe kuyo ye-114 yayisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya utshintsho olwenziwe ngenxa yonyango. Isifundo se-RL Spitzer sigxile kwezi zinto zilandelayo: umtsalane ngokwesondo, ukuzazisa ngokwesini, ukuqaqadeka ngenxa yeemvakalelo zobungqingili, ukuxhaphaka kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu abathandana nabo, iminqweno yesenzo sobufanasini kunye nomnqweno wokuba nayo, ipesenti yeziqendu zokuphulula amalungu esini ezihamba kunye nemibono yesini esinye. , ipesenti yezi ziqendu ezinemibono eyahlukileyo yesini kunye nobuninzi bokuboniswa Ndingumntu ozifanela nomntu ozifanayo naye.

Ngenxa yolu phononongo, kwafumaniseka ukuba nangona iimeko zotshintsho "olupheleleyo" kuqhelaniso zibhalwe kuphela kwi-11% yamadoda kunye ne-37% yamabhinqa, uninzi lwabaphenduli baxela utshintsho oluvela kubuntu obukhulu okanye ubufanasini. ngenxa yonyango olubuyisayo (ukuguqula) unyango. Nangona kunikwe ingxelo yokuba olutshintsho lubonakala kwisini sobabini, abasetyhini basenokubaluleka ngakumbi. Idatha efunyenweyo ityhila ukuba emva konyango, uninzi lwabaphenduli luphawule ukwanda okucacileyo kwimisebenzi yobungqingili kunye nokwanda kolwaneliseko ngayo. Abantu abatshatileyo babonise ukoneliseka okukhulu kwiimvakalelo zomtshato [27].

Ukucinga ngeziphumo, i-RL Spitzer iyazibuza ukuba ngaba unyango olubuyiselweyo luyingozi. Kwaye yena, emphendula, ubanga ukuba abukho ubungqina obunjalo malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba kuphando bakhe. Ngapha koko, kuluvo lwakhe, ngokusekwe kwiziphumo, olu phononongo lufumene izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kunyango olunjalo, kuqukwa kwiindawo ezingahambelani nesondo. Ngokusekwe koku, i-RL Spitzer iphawula ukuba i-American Psychiatric Association kufuneka iyeke ukusebenzisa imilinganiselo ephindwe kabini kwisimo sayo sokubuyisela kunyango, nto leyo eyithathela ingqalelo njengengalunganga kwaye ingasebenzi, kunye nonyango lobungqina besini, obuxhasa kwaye bomeleze ubufanasini. Ukongeza, ukuqukumbela, i-RL Spitzer igxininise ukuba iingcali zempilo yezengqondo kufuneka zilushiye isibonelelo sabo sonyango esinconywayo, esijolise ekutshintshe indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Uye waphawula ukuba uninzi lwezigulana ezinolwazi malunga nokusilela olunokubakho xa luzama ukutshintsha isimo sokwabelana ngesondo, kwisiseko semvume, singenza ukhetho olunengqiqo ngokubhekisele emsebenzini kwicala lokuphuhlisa amandla abo abathandana nabalingani babo ngokwesini kunye nokunciphisa umtsalane ongafunekiyo ongatshatanga naye [i-27].

Kwi-2004, imvakalelo yayiyimbonakalo kwinkomfa ye-NARTH yowayesakuba ngumongameli we-American Psychological Association, uGqirha Robert Perloff, usosayensi odumileyo kwihlabathi. Into emangazayo kukuba kwixa elidlulileyo yena wayelilungu lekomishini yalo mbutho malunga nezesondo ezincinci. Ethetha kwinkomfa, u-R. Perlov uxele inkxaso yakhe kwabo basebenza kwezonyango abazihlonelayo iinkolelo zomthengi kwaye bamnika unyango lokuguqula xa libonisa iminqweno yakhe. Ucacisile "ulweyiseko olunamandla lokuba inkululeko yokuzikhethela kufuneka ilawule imeko yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ... Ukuba amafanasini afuna ukuguqula ubuni babo bube bobungqingili, ke esi sisigqibo sabo, kwaye akukho qela linomdla, kubandakanya noluntu olungathandani nelinye, kufuneka lingenelele ... Kukho ilungelo lomntu lokuzimisela ezokwabelana ngesondo. "

Ebonakalisa ukuvuma kwakhe isikhundla se-NARTH, u-R. Perlov ugxininise ukuba "I-NARTH iyayihlonipha imbono yomthengi ngamnye, inkululeko yakhe kunye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela ... umntu ngamnye unelungelo lokumemezela amalungelo akhe okukwazi ukuba nesini okanye aphuhlise amandla akhe angokwesini esinye. Ilungelo lokufumana ukutshintsha imeko yokuziphatha ngokwesondo lithathwa njengelibonakalayo kwaye linokuthathelwa ingqalelo. ” Uye waphawula ukuba ubhalisa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sikhundla se-NARTH. Ugqirha Perlov uxele inani elandayo lezifundo eziphikisana nembono ethandwayo e-US ukuba ukutshintsha inkanuko yesini akunakwenzeka. Ukuphawula ukuba inani leempendulo ezichanekileyo kunyango lwenguquko sele likhulile kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wabongoza abanyangi ukuba baqhelane nomsebenzi we-NARTH, kwaye wachaza iinzame zabakhuthazi bezitabane ukuba bathule okanye bazigxeke ezi zibakala “njengongenankathalo, ukuphendula kunye nokuthathwa kude” [28, 29].

Kumele kugxininiswe ukuba ingxaki yokusebenzisa unyango lokuguqula kunye nokusebenza kwayo ikupolitika kakhulu. Oku kubonakaliswe kwiingxelo zokuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango kufuneka lubekwe emgceni ngelizama ukutshintsha ubuhlanga okanye ubuzwe besizwe abamnyama, abantu "bobuzwe baseCaucasi" kunye namaJuda. Ke, abo bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba batshintshe inkanuko yesini yabantu abathandana nabantu besini esinye, bazama ukubabeka ibala, bebabeka emendweni nabacaluli, ama-anti-amaSemite kwaye, ngokubanzi, ngazo zonke iintlobo zentenetoni. Nangona kunjalo, ezo nzame azinakuthathelwa ingqalelo njengezaneleyo, kuba umbuzo wobume obuqhelekileyo okanye ubuncedo bohlanga okanye ubuzwe kunye nokususa imiqondiso yobuhlanga kunye nobuzwe ayinakuphakanyiswa ngenxa yokuba akukho mthethweni ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubekwa amabala okunje, abagqwetha kunyango abaguqukayo bafuna ukoyikiswa kukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba babe kwimeko engathandekiyo.

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2006, kwabakho umyalezo malunga nengcaciso evusa inkanuko ngumongameli we-American Psychological Association, uGqirha Herald P. Koocher, awenza kwinyanga enye. Ngokwamazwi akhe, waphule isikhundla sokuba le ntlangano kudala yabelana “nonyango oluqhelekileyo” lwabafanasini. Umnumzana uCooker uqaphele ukuba umbutho uza kuxhasa unyango lwengqondo kwabo bantu banomtsalane ongathandekiyo. Ethetha nogqirha wezengqondo uJoseph Nicolosi, owayengumongameli ngelo xesha, kwintlanganiso yaminyaka le yeAmerican Psychological Association eNew Orleans, wathi umbutho "awungqubani nezazi zengqondo ezinceda abo bakhathazekileyo ngokutshatiswa okungafunekiyo." Ubuye wagxininisa ukuba, xa inkululeko yomntu ozimeleyo / inkululeko yakhe kunye nentlonipho azikhethele yona, imigaqo yokuziphatha yombutho, ewe, iya kubandakanya unyango lwengqondo kwabo bafuna ukuphelisa umtsalane kubantu abathandana nabo.

Umbutho iAmerican Psychological Association kudala iwucaphukela umsebenzi we-NARTH, esithi yimizamo yokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini kwabantu abathandana nobandlululo. Ukuthetha ngale ngxelo, uGqr Dean Byrd, ugqirha wezengqondo e-NARTH, owayekhe wangumongameli wakhe, waphawula ukuba enyanisweni umbono ovezwe nguGqirha Cooker namhlanje uhambelana nesikhundla se-NARTH. Uvakalise nethemba lokuba incoko yeziqhamo phakathi kwale mibutho mibini ingaqala ngomba obaluleke kakhulu [30].

Ngokuphathelene noku, kufanele kuqatshelwe, ngokukodwa, ukuba kwijenali ye-American Psychological Association "Psychotherapy: Theory, research, Exercise, Training" ("Psychotherapy: Theory, research, Exercise, Training") inqaku lapapashwa kwi2002, ekucetyiswe ukuba unyango lokuvuselela ngokwesondo (ukuguqula) ngokwesondo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukubaluleka kokuziphatha, kunokuba yinto esebenzayo nefanelekileyo [31].

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ichazwe ukuba, ngaphandle kwengxelo entsha kaMongameli weAmerican Psychological Association, akukho sivumelwano phakathi kwamalungu ayo malunga nonyango lokuguqula ubufanasini, injongo yalo kukutshintsha komnqweno wesini. Ke, kwi-29 ngo-Agasti ka-2006, i-cybercast News Service ejongene neendaba yabhengeza ingxelo eyenziwe ngummeli wale ntetho eyathi akukho sizathu senzululwazi malunga nonyango olunje, kwaye akunakulungiswa [ngokwe-30].

Ngokumalunga noku, ingxelo kaClinton Anderson, umlawuli we-American Psychological Association Office yaseLesbian, Gay kunye neBisexual Concerns, ekufuneka iqondwe kwaye ixoxwe, inomdla omkhulu. . Ngokwakhe, akaphikisani ukuba "ubufanasini bushiya abanye abantu", kwaye akacingi ukuba nabani na uzokuphikisana nembono yithuba lokutshintsha. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuyaziwa ukuba abathandana abathandanayo banokuba zizitabane kunye nabantu abathandanayo. Ke ngoko, kubonakala kusengqiqweni ukuba abanye abantu abathandana nabathandana nabanobungqingili banokuba ngamafanasini. Ingxaki asikuko nokuba ukutshintsha ngokwesondo kunokutshintsha, kodwa nokuba unyango lungayitshintsha [ngokwe-32].

UJoseph Nicolosi uphawule ngale ngxelo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: “Abo bethu abaye bazabalazela ithuba elide i-APA (Umbutho wezobupolitika baseMelika) ukuvuma ukuba kungenzeka utshintsho bayawuxabisa umnyinyiva ka-Anderson, ngakumbi kuba ngusihlalo we-APA gay kunye ne-lesbian. Kodwa asiqondi ukuba kutheni ecinga ukuba olutshintsho alunakwenzeka kwi ofisi yezonyango. Ugqirha uNgcolosi uqaphele ukuba uAnderson angathanda ukufumana inkcazo malunga nento ethi ikhona kwi-ofisi yezonyango kwaye uthintela inguquko yokuziphatha kwezesondo. NgokukaJ. Nicolosi, iinkqubo ezenzeka ngexesha lonyango zenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zenguqu kwaye zidlula amathuba akhona ngaphandle kweofisi [ngokwe-32].

Ukususwa kobungqingili kudidi lwe-pathology bekuhamba kunye nokuthintelwa kophando lwakhe kwaye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ethintela unyango. Le nyaniso iphinde yathintela unxibelelwano lobuchwephesha beengcali ngaloomba. I-lull kuphando yayingengobungqina obutsha besayensi obubonisa ukuba ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye isempilweni ngokwesini lomntu. Endaweni yoko, kuye kwalunge ngakumbi ukuba ingathethi ngale [16].

UJ. Nicolosi ukwakhankanya izizathu ezibini zobuntu eziye zadlala indima kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kobufanasini kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo. Eyokuqala kwezi kukuba ugqirha wengqondo wayenethemba lokuphelisa ucalucalulo ngokususa ibala lesi sifo elibangelwe kubantu abathandana abathandanayo [12, 33]. Saqhubeka kwinto yokuba ngokuqhubeka nokufumana isifo sobufanasini, siya komeleza ucalucalulo kuluntu kunye nentlungu yomntu ongatshatanga naye.

Isizathu sesibini, ngokombhali okhankanyiweyo, yayikukuba iingcaphephe zengqondo azikwazi ukuzibona ngokucacileyo izizathu zesifo sengqondo sokuthandana kwabantu besini esinye, kwaye ke, ukuphuhlisa unyango oluyimpumelelo. Izinga lokunyanga laliphantsi, kwaye kwezo zifundo zathi zaxela uguquko lonyango lwaluphumelele (ipesenti yabaxhamli abaguqukele kwi-heterosexuality isusela kwi-15% ukuya kwi-30%), kwabakho umbuzo wokuba iziphumo bezigcinwe ixesha elide na. Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo okanye ukusilela kunyango akufuneki kube yimilinganiselo yokufumanisa imeko eqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, sithetha ngokwengqondo, ngokokuthi, ukuba into ayinakulungiswa, ayaphuka. Olu okanye olo phazamiso alunakwenqatshwa kuphela ngenxa yokungafumaneki kunyango olusebenzayo kunyango lwayo [16].

Ukwalelwa kunyango lokuguqula abantu abathandana abathandana nabo, kusekwe kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabantu abathandana besini esinye, kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ucalucalulo sele luqalile kwabo banemilinganiselo yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha balahla ubungqingili babo. “Silibele malunga nabantu abathandana besini esinye, abathi ngenxa yombono owahlukileyo wokugcina ingqibelelo, bafuna ukutshintsha ngoncedo lwengqondo. Ngelishwa, la madoda abelwa udidi lwamaxhoba oxinzelelo lwengqondo (ukudakumba), kwaye hayi kumadoda anesibindi, nokuba ayintoni, amadoda azibophelele kumbono wokwenyani / wokwenyani ... Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba umthengi ngokwakhe adimazeke, njengengcaphephe kulo ufuna uncedo, amxelele ukuba ayongxaki leyo, kwaye ukuba uyalwamkela. Le meko imthoba isidima umthengi kwaye yenza ukuba umzabalazo wakhe woyise ubufanasini ube nzima ngakumbi ”[16, iphe. I-12 - 13].

Abanye abantu, inqaku likaJ. Nicolosi [16], bamchaza umntu, egxile kuphela kukuziphatha kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi abaphantsi konyango bakhe baqonda ukuba isimo sabo sobufanasini kunye nokuziphatha kuyinto engaziwayo kwindalo yabo yokwenyani. Kula madoda, iinqobo zokuziphatha, ezokuziphatha kunye nezithethe zichonga ubuchwephesha babo ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu kuneemvakalelo zesini. Ukuziphatha ngokwesondo, umbhali uyigxininisa, kuphela kwenkalo yesazisi somntu, esoloko ikhula nzulu, ikhula kwaye itshintsha nangolwalamano lwayo nabanye.

Ukuqukumbela, uphawula ukuba isayensi yengqondo kufuneka ithathe uxanduva lokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ingaba indlela yokuphila gay isempilweni kwaye isazisi sabo siqhelekile, kwaye iingcali zengqondo kufuneka ziqhubeke nokufunda ngezizathu zobungqingili kunye nokuphucula unyango lwazo. Umbhali akakholelwa ukuba indlela yokuphila ye-gay inokuba sempilweni, kwaye inkombiso yobungqingili iphelele-i-synthonic [16].

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iziphumo zokuguqula zenziwa, ngakumbi, kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwehipnosisi, ukuqeqeshwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuvavanywa kwengqondo, isimilo (isimilo), ukuqonda, unyango lweqela kunye nefuthe lenkolo. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, ubuchule bokuphelisa amandla kunye nokusebenza ngokuhamba kwamehlo (i-DPDG) [34] eyenziwe nguFrancis Shapiro [35] isetyenziselwe le njongo.

G. S. Kocharyan

Kharkov Medical Academy yeZidanga zemfundo

Amagama aphambili: Ukuziqhelanisa nobungqingili obungafunekiyo, unyango lwengqondo, iindlela ezimbini.

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