Iprojekthi ye-10, ethatha igama layo kwiintsomi zokuba umntu omnye kwabalishumi ulifanasini, yasekwa ngo-1984 eLos Angeles. Injongo yale projekthi, ngokutsho komfundisi wesini lesini uVirginia Uribe, owayisekayo, "kukuqinisekisa abafundi, ukuqala enkulisa, ukuba bamkele isimilo sobufanasini njengesiqhelekileyo nesinqwenelekayo." Uye wathi kufanelekile ukusebenzisa iinkundla zikarhulumente ukunyanzela izikolo ukuba zisasaze ulwazi malunga nobufanasini. Ngokutsho kwakhe, "abantwana kufuneka beve oku, ukusuka kwisikolo sabantwana abancinci ukuya kwisikolo esiphakamileyo, kuba umbono wakudala wokuthetha ngawo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo awusebenzi."
Wavuma wathi: “Le yimfazwe ... Mna ke, asiyondawo yesazela. Kufuneka siyilwe le mfazwe ".

Indawo yokufikela: INtloko ye-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Popova A.Yu

Ikopi: INtloko yeSebe leZiko loPhando lwe-Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor V.V. Pokrovsky

Enkosi Anna Yurievna!

Vadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky egameni Rospotrebnadzor wathi [1] ukubaluleka imfundo ngesondo ezikolweni.

1. Sikucela ukuba uqhube uphando lwangaphakathi kwaye ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi idatha yesayensi kunye nezibalo uVadim Valentinovich enze le nkcazo enkulu. Ngaba yenziwe njengenxalenye yokuzaliseka okuyimfama kweemfuno zemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe eRashiya?

2. Nceda ukhangele ukuba uVadim Valentinovich usebenza njenge-arhente yangaphandle malunga nokuvakalisa imfuno "yemfundo yesondo" kubantwana baseRashiya, nokuba unelungelo lokuthetha egameni likaRospotrebnadzor.

3. Sikucela ukuba uhlolisise ukufaneleka kobuchwephesha beVadim Valentinovich malunga nokungahambelani kweengxelo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweenyaniso.

4. Siyakucela ukuba uhlole izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation ngokuthobela izicwangciso zophuhliso ezizimeleyo, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa kwabemi (izivumelwano ze-UN zijolise ekunciphiseni izinga lokuzalwa), kwaye uncome ukuhoxiswa kwezo zivumelwano ezingahambelaniyo noMgaqo-siseko. iRussian Federation kunye nesicwangciso sophuhliso lwaseRashiya.

5. Siyakucela ukuba ufunde impembelelo "yemfundo yesondo" ecetyiswa yi-UN, ukuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kobuhenyu kunye nokupheliswa kwemilinganiselo yokuthintela ukukhupha isisu kwi-epidemiological ukhuseleko lwamaRashiya, iziphumo zempilo kunye ne-demografia.

6. Yenza ingxelo esemthethweni ngeziphumo zophando.

Ukufunda uluvo lobuchwephesha, izibheno zabhalwa kwiSebe lezeMfundo laseRussian Federation, kubandakanywa nemimandla, ebonisa imithombo kunye nezigqibo, kunye nesiphakamiso sokuvavanya imfuno yokwazisa ngemfundo yesondo ezikolweni. Iimpendulo ezingabonakaliyo zafunyanwa malunga nokungamkeleki kweempembelelo ezinjalo kubantwana, kunye nokungabikho kwezicwangciso zokwazisa "imfundo yesondo". La masebe athi umsebenzi wawo ujolise ekudaleni umoya wentlonipho yehlabathi lonke kwintsapho yesithethe nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ekukhuliseni abantwana ngokomoya nangokuziphatha.

Kule meko, isincomo sommeli weRospotrebnadzor ekuqalisweni kwe "seksprosvet" ibonakala ingenamsebenzi.

Iingcebiso zekomiti ye-UN

IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-CEDAW) liqumrhu leengcaphephe ezizimeleyo ezijongene nokuphunyezwa kwamaqela aMazwe kwiNgqungquthela yokupheliswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zocalucalulo oluchasene nabaseTyhini. Ukuphunyezwa kwesi sivumelwano (njengamanye amaxwebhu amaninzi e-UN) kuncitshiswe ekutshatyalalisweni kwentsapho yendabuko, kubandakanywa nokufundiswa kwe-anti-natal indoctrination yabantu abatsha, echazwe "njengemfundo yesondo".

Oku kunye nezinye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zisetyenziswa ngabaphembeleli be-LGBT ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yabo.

Ukongeza kumnqweno wokuseka umsebenzi weeNGOs zaseNtshona kwintsimi yaseRashiya ngaphandle kokubhaliswa ngabameli bamazwe angaphandle, ikomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ikhuthaza [2] ukwazisa isicwangciso esibanzi esijoliswe kubasetyhini kunye namadoda kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu, kuquka iinkokeli zonqulo. , ukuze "ukuphelisa iinkolelo kunye neengcamango ze-patriarchal malunga nendima kunye noxanduva lwabasetyhini kunye namadoda kwintsapho kunye noluntu ". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe kwikharityhulam yesinyanzelo yezikolo zaseprayimari nezizisekondari ikhosi ebanzi yemfundo ngempilo yezesondo kunye nenzala kunye namalungelo afanelekileyo kumantombazana namakhwenkwe kunye nokugunyazisa ukuhenyuza ngokusemthethweni (inqaku lokurhoxisa 6.11 leKhowudi yoLawulo), ngelixa ubhangisa amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhomfa.

Ngamazwi alula, ikomiti ye-UN ifuna eRashiya ukutshatyalaliswa kwemilinganiselo yemveli, kubandakanywa phakathi kweenkokeli zonqulo, ukuqaliswa kwe "imfundo yesondo", ukupheliswa kokuthintela ukukhupha isisu kunye nokuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kobuhenyu, kubandakanywa ngoncedo lwama-arhente angaphandle.

Ngo-1994, kwasayinwa iZivumelwano zaseCairo, ezazixoxa ngokuzala kwabantu, ubume bosapho kunye nokwabelana ngesondo. Owona msebenzi wawuphambili ukwehla kokuchuma, eyaboniswa kuqweqwe olubonisa ukulingana ngokwesini, ukukhathalelwa kwempilo yomfazi yokuzala nokuhlonelwa kwamalungelo akhe okuzala (o.k.t. ukuqhomfa nokuvalwa inzala). Njengoko imilinganiselo ethile yokuchithwa kwabantu yadweliswa "imfundo ngesondo", uqingqo-nzala kunye nepropaganda echasene nokuchuma.

Iimfuno ezinjalo ziphikisana nezicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo zokuphuhliswa kweRussian Federation kwaye zijongela phantsi ukhuseleko lwabantu baseRashiya, ziphikisana nomyalelo kamongameli "Kwienjongo zophuhliso lwesizwe lweRussian Federation kwixesha ukuya kwi-2030", nto leyo ebonisa imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ngokuzinzileyo. ukukhula kwabemi beRussian Federation, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla okuzala kunye nexesha elilindelekileyo lokuphila kwabantu baseRashiya.

Amava amazwe ngamazwe okwazisa imfundo ngesondo

Igunyaziswe yi-CDC kwi-2017, i-meta-analysis yezifundo [3] etyholwa ukuba ibonise ukuphumelela kweenkqubo "zemfundo yesondo" yafumanisa ukuba yayinomgangatho ophantsi we-methodological kwaye ineziphumo eziphikisanayo ezingavumeli ukuzoba izigqibo ezicacileyo.

Uphononongo emva konyaka [4] alufumananga bungqina bokuba iinkqubo zokufundisa ngesondo esikolweni ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukukhulelwa kolutsha kunye nokuthintela i-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Olunye uhlalutyo: “Ngaba iinkqubo zesikolo ziyayithintela i-HIV nolunye usulelo oludluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini kulutsha olufikisayo?” Kwafikelela kwisigqibo esifanayo [5]: “Uphononongo, kuqukwa nolingo olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga, lwalunomgangatho ophantsi wendlela yokusebenza yaye lwalunezigqibo ezixubeneyo ezingakwaziyo ukuphumelela. ukunika izizathu ezibambekayo zokuphumelela kweenkqubo zesikolo. "

Ngo-2019, abaphandi beZiko loPhando kunye noVavanyo (IRE) bapapasha uphando lwehlabathi lonke olujonga iimpapasho zesayensi ezihlola iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa ngesondo: Imfundo eBanzi ngezoSoni (CSE) kunye nokuyeka ukuya kwimfundo yokwabelana ngesondo (AE) [6]. Njengoko ababhali bolu hlaziyo bebhala, "Xa begwetywa ngokwemigaqo esebenzayo, i-database ye-103 yezifundo ezinamandla kunye nezona zamva nje zeCSE, umgangatho ovavanywe ngamaziko amathathu aziwayo enzululwazi (i-UNESCO, i-CDC kunye ne-HHS), ibonise ubungqina obuncinane bokusebenza kwe-CSE imeko yesikolo kunye neziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Kubungqina obuncinci obulungileyo, phantse zonke zifunyenwe ngabaphuhlisi beprogram kwaye azizange ziphindwe. Amashumi amathathu eminyaka yophando lubonisa ukuba imfundo ebanzi ngokwesondo ayisosicwangciso sempilo yoluntu esisebenzayo kumagumbi okufundela kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ezi nkqubo zinokuba yingozi».

Ungayibonakalisa njani imisebenzi yabantu abazama ukunyanzelisa indlela engasebenziyo neyingozi kubantwana bethu? Ngaba i-Rospotrebnadzor icebisa ukutya komntwana, izibonelelo ezingakhange ziqinisekiswe kwaye kukho ubungqina bokulimala kwimpilo? Yaye kuthekani “ngokukhanyisa ngokwesini”?

Iimpembelelo zokuqaliswa kweendlela zokufundisa ngesondo ngokweendlela ze-WHO

Idatha ye-United States ibonelelwa yi-CDC [7]. Kubekho ukwanda okubukhali nokuzinzileyo kwizehlo zezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STDs) kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Amazinga e-STD anyukile kunyaka wesihlanu olandelelanayo [8] kwaye afikelele kumanqanaba erekhodi. Amatyala e-syphilis yokuzalwa (esuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa) anyuke nge-2017% ukusuka kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-40. Igcushuwa yokuzalwa inokukhokelela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, ekuzalweni, ukufa kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye neengxaki ezinzulu zobomi bomzimba nemithambo-luvo. Kubonwa umfanekiso ofanayo eNgilani. Ngokutsho kwedatha karhulumente, phakathi kwe-2014 kunye ne-2018, inani lokuxilongwa kwe-chlamydia kumadoda alala namadoda - i-MSM (i-61%: ukusuka kwi-11 ukuya kwi-760), i-syphilis (i-18%: ukusuka ku-892 ukuya ku-61) kunye ne-gonorrhea (3527%). : ukusuka kwi-5681 ukuya kwi-43) [18].

E-Netherlands [10], inani lokuxilongwa kwe-syphilis linyuke nge-2016% kwi-30 xa kuthelekiswa ne-2015. Olu lwando lubangelwa ikakhulu kukwanda kwenani loxilongo phakathi kwe-MSM, kunye nangaphandle kwe-HIV. Uvavanyo lwe-STD kwiZiko leMpilo yezeSondo (CSG) ngo-2019 lubonise [11] ukuba ipesenti yabachatshazelwa yi-STD yonyuka xa kuthelekiswa no-2018. Inani lokuxilongwa kwe-syphilis landa nge-16,8%, kunye ne-gonorrhea - nge-11%, ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-MSM.

I-Chlamydia sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo sokwabelana ngesondo eFinland. Ngo-2019, phantse i-16 iimeko zosulelo lwe-chlamydia zafunyaniswa, eli-200 ngaphezulu kwe-1000. Eli lelona zinga liphezulu lonyaka elakha labhalwa kuBhaliso lweSizwe lweZifo ezosulelayo. Ukusasazeka kosulelo kwenzeka ikakhulu kubantu abancinci: phantse i-2018% yabo bafunyaniswayo yayineminyaka eyi-80-15. Iziganeko ze-gonorrhea kunye ne-syphilis nazo zandile [29].

Izazinzulu zaseOstreliya zibhala “ngegonorrhea exhaphakileyo phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda angamafanasini” [13].

EJamani, kwixesha elivela kwi-2010 (unyaka wokupapashwa kwendlela "yemfundo yesondo" WHO) ukuya ku-2017, iziganeko ze-syphilis zanda ngo-83% ukuya kwi-9,1 kwiimeko ze-100 zabemi [000].

Ukongeza, inani labantu abanomdla wobufanasini phakathi kwabantu abancinci liyakhula, kwaye inani labantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka ngokwesini- "i-dysphoria yesini", liyanda njengobhubhane, ngelixa ukonyuka okulinganayo kosulelo uphawu lwe-MSM aluchazi. ukwanda kwabantu be-LGBT ngokwanda kokuvuleleka kwabo baphendulayo [ishumi elinesine].

Ngokuka-Yougov [15]: "Ngo-2019, bekukho phantse isiqingatha senani" labantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo "phakathi kwamaBritane aneminyaka eyi-18-24 kunabantu abakwinqanaba labadala (44% xa kuthelekiswa nama-81%). Ukuba kwi-poll efanayo ngo-2015 kuphela i-2% yabantu abatsha bazichaza "njenge-bisexual", emva kweminyaka emi-4 inani labo lenyuka ngamaxesha angama-8 - ukuya kwi-16% ".

Phakathi kwabantu abakhetha ubufanasini, kukho ukwanda kokuziphatha okuyingozi kunye nosulelo. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom kuyehla, kwaye izazinzulu ziqikelela ukwehla ngakumbi kusetyenziso lwekhondom [16].

Ukusuka kwiwebhusayithi yeCDC [17]: “I-MSM (amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda) asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STD zentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya ngenxa yokuba zisebenzisa isondo ezimpundu. I-rectal mucosa ichaphazeleka ngokungaqhelekanga kwiintsholongwane ezithile zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ukongeza, amaqabane amaninzi ngesondo, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunye ne-networking dynamics ye-MSM yonyusa umngcipheko we-HIV kunye ne-STIs kweli qela. Izehlo zosulelo lwe-HIV zehla kakhulu phakathi kwe-MSM ukusuka ngo-1980 ukuya phakathi koo-1990. Noko ke, ukususela ngelo xesha, iMSM yaseUnited States nakuwo onke amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino aye afumana amanqanaba okwanda kwegcushuwa (esiyisiqalo, eyesibini, okanye esabisaqala), i<em>gonorrhea, usulelo lwe<em>chlamydial, nomlinganiselo ophakamileyo wokuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesini.”

UVadim Valentinovich kwintetho yakhe, ethetha ngemeko yosulelo lwe-HIV eNtshona, uthe cwakaukuba oku kuncipha akuzange kuphunyezwe ngokunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabantu abasengozini, ubukhulu becala abathandana besini esifanayo, kodwa ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi phakathi kwamaqela asemngciphekweni. Kwangaxeshanye, yena ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuba usulelo lwe-HIV lwenzeka kubantu abancinci ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-23-25 ​​ubudala, kodwa ugxininisa ekuqaliseni imfundo yesondo ezikolweni, kwaye kungekhona emva kokugqitywa kwayo kumaqela asengozini - phakathi kwamahenyukazi, amafanasini kunye namakhoboka eziyobisi.

Ileta yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo weRussian Federation kaMatshi 22, 2018 N 15-3 / 10 / 2-1811 "Ngokosuleleka kwe-HIV ebantwaneni" ithi: "Izifo ze-HIV kubantwana zibangelwa ikakhulu usulelo olusuka kumama luye emntwaneni olusuka kumama».

Ulwazi lokuba isini esahlukileyo sibe yeyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lwe-HIV, wabuza kuxwebhu (i-HIV / AIDS surveillance eYurophu 2020: 2019 data) [19], ethi idatha yabantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo "kufuneka itolikwe ngononophelo" kuba "Olunye uphando olwenziwe kwimpuma yoMmandla lufumanise ukuba ulwazi kwiindlela zothumelo lunokuqulatha izinto ezingachanekanga, kuba izigulana ezininzi ezixelwe njengosulelo lwabantu besini esahlukileyo banembali yokutofa iziyobisi okanye, kwimeko yamadoda, isondo phakathi kwamadoda.». Iziko likaGawulayo [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] kunye nezinye iingcaphephe ezigxininisa kwimfuno yothintelo lwe-HIV kumaqela asemngciphekweni, angala phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda, ahlala ezinkokeli zosulelo lwe-HIV kwi-EU / EEA.

Ingxelo yaseYurophu, echaza amanyathelo okulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV, ithi kufuneka isekelwe kubungqina besayensi (idatha yesayensi ebonisa ukuphumelela "kwemfundo yesondo", akukho) kwaye idwelisa amanyathelo abandakanya ukuhlolwa, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, isaziso somlingani. , i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxininise ngokukodwa ekufikeleleni kumaqela angundoqo asemngciphekweni [amafanasini, amadoda athandana nesini kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi]. Le ngxelo ayithethi nto ngemfuneko yokufundiswa ngesondo kubantwana ezikolweni, njengoko uninzi losulelo lwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikolo kwiminyaka eyi-37 ephakathi.

Abantwana baseRashiya nangaphandle kwe "seksprosvet" bafumana ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nesakhiwo senkqubo yokuzala kwizifundo zebhayoloji, kwaye baqhelana ne-STD kunye neendlela zabo zokuthintela ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthamo oyimfuneko kwizifundo ze-OBZH. Ingxelo ye-FBSI yeZiko loPhando oluPhakathi lwe-Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor ithi "umlinganiselo wabaselula kunye nolutsha lwehla ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-0,9%; ngo-2000, babalelwa 24,7% amatyala amatsha usulelo lwe-HIV, yaye ngo-2010 - 2,2% ”. E-Russia, ngo-1996, kwazanywa ukuba kuqhutywe izifundo ezilingwayo kwimfundo ngesondo, ngelixa kukho ukwanda okubukhali kwe-STIs.

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abangamawaka angama-6 bafuna ukuba bayeke "ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo", eyaqaliswa liziko le-methodological "Holis", ngoncedo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungoneliseki kwabazali komelezwa luvavanyo olubi kakhulu lweZiko lezeNtlalo kunye neNgqondo yaseNgqondweni. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service phantsi koMongameli weRussian Federation kunye neZiko leSizwe leSayensi yeNarcology yaseRoszdrav. Kwakubonakala ngathi umbuzo "wemfundo yesondo" ekugqibeleni wavalwa kumagunya aphezulu, kodwa umbuzo waphakanyiswa ukusuka apho babengalindelanga khona - ukusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Igatya 9.6 lemithetho yococeko kunye ne-epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 ivumela imiyalelo engaxhaswanga ngokwenzululwazi kwicandelo lezemfundo, enokuthi ibe yingxaki yokhuseleko lwesizwe kwaye iphikisana neenjongo zophuhliso lweqhinga le-Russian Federation - uqoqosho lwesizwe, ekubeni izifundo zemfundo yesondo ziyacetyiswa njengenxalenye yeendlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokwabelana ngesondo kunokungeniswa kwezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokukhuthazwa kobufanasini, i-transsexualism, utywala, izenzo zesondo ezingekho ngokwemvelo (isondo lomgqundu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwephonografi kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanya abantwana kubomi obuyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqela asengozini.

Iinjongo "zokukhanyisa ngesondo"

Sicebisa ukuba sifunde inqaku elineenkcukacha zeqela "Inzululwazi yenyani»[https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/] kwiinjongo kunye neziphumo zokuphunyezwa "kwemfundo yesondo" ngokweendlela ze-UN.

Uphononongo olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseAkron lufumanise ukuba imfundo yezokwabelana ngesondo ibangela ukuba abafundi babe nonyamezelo kwaye bangabi nabuchasi bokutenxa ngokwesondo (nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ikhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kubo).

UMlawuli we-Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) uSergei Naryshkin wenza inani leengxelo ezibalulekileyo kwintlanganiso yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nemiba yokhuseleko e-Ufa. Uqinisekile ukuba phantsi kwesizathu "sokukhulula abantu" imikhosi yomyalelo wehlabathi elitsha ilwa imfazwe enenjongo ngokuchasene nezithethe zemveli kunye nesazisi sesizwe. Kule meko, abantu abatsha baphantsi kweyona nkqubo icokisekileyo.

"Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukhukuliseko lwengcinga yesini, ixabiso losapho kunye nomtshato, iinkqubo ziyenziwa ukukhuthaza" amalungelo "oluntu lwe-LGBT, ukusasaza izimvo zobufazi obuqatha ... ukwazi. Kucacile ukuba abantu abanjalo zizinto ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha, ngakumbi ukuba babambe i-iPhone eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. "

Imibuliso, iqela leNzululwazi yeNyaniso

Iincwadi

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2. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (ikhonkco elifutshane https://vk.cc/bVLoGS).
3. UMirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Ngaba iiNkqubo zaseSikolweni ziyayithintela i-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo kuBantu abafikisayo? Ukuphononongwa okuCwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta. Ngaphambili Sci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
4. Marseille, E., Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA et al. Ukusebenza kweNkqubo yoKhuseleko lweSikolweni soKhulelwa kwabaselula e-USA: uPhononongo oluCwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta. Ngaphambili Sci 19, 468-489 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0861-6
5. Mirzazadeh A, Biggs MA, Viitanen A, Horvath H, Wang LY, Dunville R, Barrios LC, Kahn JG, Marseille E. Ngaba Iinkqubo Ezisekelwe Ezikolo Ziyinqanda I-HIV kunye Nolunye Usulelo Oludluliselwa Ngesondo KuBantu Abafikisayo? Ukuphononongwa okuCwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta. Ngaphambili Sci. 2018 May; 19 (4): 490-506. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0. PMID: 28786046.
6. U-Ericksen, u-Irene H., kunye nokhula, uStan E. (2019). "Ukuphonononga kwakhona ubungqina beMfundo eBanzi yezesondo eSikolweni: Uphononongo loPhando lweHlabathi." Imiba kuMthetho kunye neMithi, 34 (2): 161-182.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2019/2018-STD-surveillance-report.html
9. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables
10. https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/sexually-transmitted-infections-including-hiv-in-netherlands-in-2016
11. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html
12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. Callander D, Guy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; UKUFIKELELA Intsebenziswano. I-Gonorrhea ihambile: ukwanda kwezehlo ze-gonorrhea kunye nemiba esemngciphekweni eyayanyaniswa nayo phakathi kwamadoda athandana namanye amadoda aya kwiikliniki zempilo yezesondo zase-Australia. Impilo yezesondo. 2019 Septemba; 16 (5): 457-463. doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. PMID: 30409244.
14. Mercer CH, Fenton KA, Copas AJ, Wellings K, Erens B, McManus S, Nanchahal K, Macdowall W, Johnson AM. Ukwanda kokuxhaphaka kobudlelwane bobufanasini kunye nezenzo eBritani ngo-1990-2000: ubungqina obuvela kuvavanyo lwesizwe olunokwenzeka. UGawulayo. 2004 Jul 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. PMID: 15199322.
15. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2019/07/03/one-five-young-people-identify-gay-lesbian-or-bise
16. UFairley CK, Prestage G, Bernstein K, Mayer K, Gilbert M. 2020, izifo ezosulela ngesondo kunye ne-HIV kwi-gay, bisexual kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda. Impilo yezesondo. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920748/
19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Phendula 1 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

Kwafuneka ndibhale isibheno sesibini kule nto ingabhaliswanga.

Kufunyenwe impendulo yomhla we-04.03.2021/09/3929 No. 2021-05-XNUMX-XNUMX, kwisibheno seqela “Inzululwazi yenyani", ithunyelwe nguSenator weRussian Federation uPavlova Margarita Nikolaevna, andenze ukuba ndicinge nje ngobuchule bukaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky, kodwa nangobuchule beRospotrebnadzor kumntu ka-Irina Viktorovna Bragina, impendulo yakhe yandothusayo njengokungakhathali. uyilo (impendulo iqulethe isihloko esithi "Ekuqhubeni umfuniselo wokuqaliswa kwendawo yemfundo yedijithali"), kunye nokungabi nasiseko kwezigqibo ezivela kwingxelo yeZiko laseYurophu loLawulo lweZifo. Ngelo xesha, iingxoxo, imithombo, isiphakamiso sokufunda izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation kwisibheno esithi "iSayensi yeNyaniso" yayingahoywa.

I-Rospotrebnadzor iyabizwa ukuba ikhusele inhlalakahle yabantu, kwaye ukuba abantu abangaziyo indlela yokusebenza kunye nemithombo yesayensi kunye nezibalo bathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, impilo-ntle isengozini ecacileyo, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo nguRhulumente weRussian Federation. kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo zombutho.

Ngokommiselo weRospotrebnadzor, "INtloko yeNkonzo ye-Federal for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare inoxanduva lokwenziwa kwemisebenzi eyabelwe iNkonzo. Intloko ye-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare inamasekela atyunjwe kwaye agxothwe nguRhulumente weRussian Federation ngesindululo sentloko yeNkonzo.

Makhe sihlalutye ezinye iimpazamo kwimpendulo ka-Irina Viktorovna

Ngaba abantu abathandana nabesini esahlukileyo iye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lwe-HIV?

Ingcinga yokuba eyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lwe-HIV iye yaba ngabantu besini esahlukileyo, wabuza kuxwebhu olukhankanywe kakhulu ngu-Irina Viktorovna (i-HIV / AIDS surveillance eYurophu 2020: idatha ye-2019), ethi idatha kwi-heterosexuals "kufuneka icaciswe ngononophelo", kuba "Olunye uphando olwenziwe kwimpuma yoMmandla lufumanise ukuba ulwazi kwiindlela zothumelo lunokuqulatha izinto ezingachanekanga, kuba izigulana ezininzi ezixelwe njengosulelo lwabantu besini esahlukileyo banembali yokutofa iziyobisi okanye, kwimeko yamadoda, isondo phakathi kwamadoda.». Iziko likaGawulayo [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] kunye nezinye iingcaphephe ezigxininisa kwimfuno yothintelo lwe-HIV kumaqela asemngciphekweni, angala phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda, ahlala ezinkokeli zosulelo lwe-HIV kwi-EU / EEA.

Isigqibo esingenasizathu malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokwehla kwezehlo ze-HIV kunye nemfundo ngesondo

Xa ucaphula "i-HIV / AIDS surveillance eYurophu 2020: idatha ye-2019" u-Irina Viktorovna ubonisa ukuba eFransi iziganeko ze-HIV ziphindwe kabini kunaseJamani, ngelixa lenza ngokungenasizathu isiphelo malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokuncipha kwezehlo ze-HIV kunye nemfundo yezesondo kumaziko emfundo, okunyanzelekileyo eJamani. Ngaphezu koko, u-Irina Viktorovna ubhala malunga nesidingo sokwandisa iinkqubo zemfundo eRashiya. Eli libango elingangqinwanga, kuba olu xwebhu lukhankanyiweyo alwenzi sigqibo esinjalo kwaye alizikhankanyi kwaphela iinkqubo zokufundisa ngesondo. U-Irina Viktorovna ushiya ulwazi lokuba ngo-2019, xa kuthelekiswa no-2018, eJamani yanda Izehlo ze-HIV ukusuka kwi-3,5 ukuya kwi-3,7 kwi-100 yabemi. KODWA ngokuqhwanyaza, apho "ukukhanya ngesondo" kungafunekiyo - inciphile. E-Estonia, apho ukufundiswa ngesondo kunyanzelekile, izehlo ze-HIV ziphezulu kunezehlo zaseJamani neFransi zidityanisiwe. Ukongezelela, eJamani, kunye nase-US naseYurophu, iziganeko zezinye izifo ze-STI ziyanda, nangona ukuqaliswa kwezifundo zemfundo yesondo, ebonisa ezinye izizathu zokuhla kwe-HIV. EJamani, phakathi kwe-2010 kunye ne-2017, iziganeko ze-syphilis zanda nge-83% ukuya kwi-9,1 kwiimeko ze-100 zabemi.

Ingxelo yaseYurophu, echaza amanyathelo okulwa nobhubhane we-HIV, ithi kufuneka isekelwe kubungqina besayensi (idatha yesayensi engqina ukusebenza "kwemfundo yesondo" - hayi) kwaye idwelisa amanyathelo abandakanya ukuhlolwa, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, ukwaziswa kweqabane, kwangaphambili. -exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxininise ngokukodwa ekufikeleleni kumaqela angundoqo asemngciphekweni [amafanasini, amadoda athandana nesini kunye namanye amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi]. Le ngxelo ayithethi nto ngemfuneko yokufundiswa ngesondo kubantwana ezikolweni, njengoko uninzi lwezifo zivela ngaphandle kwesikolo kwiminyaka ephakathi kwe-37. Ngako oko, ukubhekisela kuka-Irina Viktorovna kuxwebhu lwe-WHO lumzamo wokubhenela igunya lobuxoki (i-argumentum ad verecundiam), kwaye impendulo yakhe, engasekelwe kwidatha yoxwebhu olukhankanyiweyo, ihloselwe ukulahlekisa uSenator weRussian Federation.

Abantwana baseRashiya, ngaphandle kwe "imfundo yesondo", bafumana ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nesakhiwo senkqubo yokuzala kwizifundo zebhayoloji, kwaye baqhelana ne-STD kunye neendlela zokuthintela ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthamo ofunekayo kwizifundo zokhuseleko lobomi. Ingxelo ye-FBUN yeZiko loPhando oluPhakathi lwe-Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor ithi “Inani labafikisayo kunye nolutsha lehlile ngo-2020 ukuya 0,9%; babalelwa kuma-2000% abantu abatsha abasulelwe yiHIV ngowama-24,7 ne-2010% ngowama-2,2.”. E-Russia, ngo-1996, kwenziwa iinzame zokuqhuba izifundo zolingo kwimfundo yesondo, ngelixa kukho ukwanda okubukhali kwi-STIs.

Imbali iyaziphindaphinda

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abangamawaka angama-6 bafuna ukuba bayeke "ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo", eyaqaliswa liziko le-methodological "Holis", ngoncedo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungoneliseki kwabazali komelezwa luvavanyo olubi kakhulu lweZiko lezeNtlalo kunye neNgqondo yaseNgqondweni. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service phantsi koMongameli weRussian Federation kunye neZiko leSizwe leSayensi yeNarcology yaseRoszdrav. Kwakubonakala ngathi umbuzo "wemfundo yesondo" ekugqibeleni wavalwa kumagunya aphezulu, kodwa umbuzo waphakanyiswa ukusuka apho babengalindelanga khona - ukusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Igatya 9.6 lemithetho yococeko kunye ne-epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 echazwe kwimpendulo ivumela ukumisela imiyalelo engenasiseko ngokwenzululwazi kwicandelo lezemfundo, elinokuthi libe yingxaki yokhuseleko lwesizwe kwaye liphikisana neenjongo zeqhinga lophuhliso lweRussian Federation - ukusindisa. abantu, ekubeni izifundo zokufundisa ngesondo ziyacetyiswa njengenxalenye yeendlela zokunciphisa ukuchuma.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokwabelana ngesondo zinokungeniswa kwezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokukhuthaza ubufanasini, ukugqithiswa kwesondo, ukusela utywala, izenzo zesondo ezingaqhelekanga (isondo sangasese), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwephonografi kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanya abantwana kubomi obuyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqela asengozini.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuthinteleni ulwazi oluyingozi nguRospotrebnadzor alusebenzi, izinto zifumaneka kwiintanethi zentlalo, iindawo zokubamba ividiyo, iivenkile zeencwadi, i-cinema kunye nomabonwakude.

Sinyanzeliswa ukuba singcikive oogxa bethu baseRashiya ngokuthula (kwiimpapasho zenzululwazi), ezinokuthi zilinganiswe nokungcatsha, kuba bayaqonda ukuba utshintsho lwentlalo luxhomekeke kwiziganeko kwimeko yesayensi, ngakumbi kwiinkalo zengqondo kunye nengqondo, apho, uxinzelelo oluvela kumatshantliziyo e-LGBT kwizazinzulu, yonke into engaphezulu ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubonwa njengesiqhelo kwaye ikhuthazwe njengokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo: ubufanasini bokuqala, kwaye emva koko i-transsexualism kunye ne-sadomasochism nge-pedophilia, engabangeli nkxalabo kwisigulana. Yintoni elandelayo?

Kwisibheno seqela elithi "iSayensi yeNyaniso", eyayixhaswa ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-40 amawaka, kucetywayo ukunceda izazinzulu kulo msebenzi onzima - ukugcinwa kolongamo lwesayensi lwaseRashiya: "Nika ithuba izazinzulu zaseRashiya ukuba zivakalise isikhundla sazo sezenzululwazi ngaphandle koloyiko lomsebenzi kunye nemivuzo yazo. Inxalenye yebhonasi yemivuzo yezazinzulu ixhomekeke kumsebenzi wopapasho. Phantsi kweemeko "zokuchaneka kwezopolitiko" kunye nokulawulwa, ushicilelo lwaseNtshona kunye nesiRashiya olunempembelelo ephezulu alupapashi imisebenzi ephikisana nomgaqo-nkqubo we-depathologization yokuziphatha kwe-depopulation (ipropaganda yobufanasini, i-transsexualism kunye nokunye ukuphambuka kwengqondo), ebeka into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. uxinzelelo kunikezelo lwasimahla lwesikhundla senzululwazi. Izazinzulu zoyika ngokuphandle lulawulo lobuzwilakhe ngokwesini.” [https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/].

Kumntu weRospotrebnadzor, uluntu lungathanda ukubona umlingane, kwaye kungekhona abaqhankqalazi kunye nabadibanisi abazama ukwazisa iindlela zokonakalisa abantwana baseRashiya.

Ukuqukumbela, ndingathanda phinda isibheno esithunyelwe ngaphambili, ngesicelo sokusithathela ingqalelo ngakumbi, kuqwalaselwe iinkcukacha kunye nemithombo, amanyathelo acetywayo..

Phendula 2 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

Popova A.Yu.

Iqela "Inzululwazi ngeNyaniso" ngokusebenzisa uSenator uMargarita Nikolaevna Pavlova ithunyelwe isibheno kwintloko yeRospotrebnadzor u-Anna Yuryevna Popova malunga nengxelo kaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky malunga "nokubaluleka kwemfundo yesondo ezikolweni".

Emva kwempendulo yokuqala, eyalahlekisa i-senator, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngodumo lweRospotrebnadzor, isibheno sesibini sathunyelwa esibonisa ukungaphumeleli kwengxabano yempendulo.

Phendula uA.Yu. UPopova wamangala ngaphantsi kwempendulo yesekela lakhe. Zonke izicelo ezi-6 zesibheno azizange zihoywe.

A.Yu. UPopova, egameni leRospotrebnadzor, wakhupha impendulo yesibini, apho aphinde azame ukulahlekisa uSenator M.N. Pavlov kunye noluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe Russian. Mhlawumbi ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kweendlela ezingezo zenzululwazi zemfundo yezesondo, ezingaqhelekanga kwimilinganiselo yabantu belizwe lethu, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zezizwe.

"Imfundo yezesondo" iyanconywa njengenxalenye "yokusombulula iingxaki zokugqithiswa kwabantu", ephikisana ngokuthe ngqo nezicwangciso zeqhinga zeRussian Federation zokwandisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Zonke iingxoxo kunye nemithombo yesibheno sethu esiphindaphindiweyo kwiRospotrebnadzor ayizange ihoywe. Isibheno sesithathu kufuneka sibhalwe kwiinkonzo ezizodwa, uRhulumente kunye nee-arhente zokuthotyelwa komthetho.

A.Yu. I-Popova, nangona idatha yenzululwazi enikeziweyo malunga nobungozi okanye ukungabi nantoni "yemfundo yesondo", nangona iinyani zokunyuka kweziganeko kunye nabemi be-LGBT kumazwe asebenzisa "imfundo yesondo", ngokuchasene nengxelo yaseYurophu ecebisa amanyathelo asekelwe kubungqina. kumaqela asemngciphekweni (ukuhlolwa, uvavanyo oluthe kratya, ukwazisa iqabane, pre-exposure prophylaxis for gay, bisexual kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi), ngokungekho ngqiqweni Ichaza ukuba: "Imeko yemfundo yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo ekuququzeleleni umsebenzi wokuthintela i-HIV / AIDS phakathi kolutsha kunye nolutsha". Ngelixa ungayihoyi ngokupheleleyo loo nto Usulelo lwe-HIV lwenzeka kwiminyaka yobudala engama-37. Ileta yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo we-Russian Federation yomhla we-22 ka-Matshi 2018 N 15-3/10/2-1811 "Ngokosuleleka kwe-HIV kubantwana" ithi: “Usulelo lwe-HIV ebantwaneni lubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukosulela kwe-HIV ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni”.

Endaweni yempendulo malunga nokuba yeyiphi idatha yesayensi kunye nezibalo V.V. UPokrovsky wenze ingxelo malunga nokubaluleka "kwemfundo yesondo", A.Yu. UPopova wabonisa ukuba Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ebesebenza ngokusemthethweni kwingxaki yokuthintela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwiRussian Federation kunye, ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yamava, ivakalisa imfuneko yoqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo malunga nokuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV oludluliselwa ngokwabelana ngesondo kumaziko emfundo. Ngelo xesha, akucaciswanga ukuba umsebenzi onjalo ophumeleleyo weVadim Pokrovsky wakhokelela ekubeni imeko ye-epidemiological ibe mandundu.

Umbuzo ngulo, kuba nini amava omsebenzi kaV.V. I-Pokrovsky, kwaye kungekhona amaphepha enzululwazi kunye nezifundo ezipapashwe, zaba bubungqina besidingo sokungenelela kwimpilo yesondo yabaselula? Iminyaka emininzi yamava ayithethi nto malunga nokusebenza kwayo kwaye abukho ubungqina obuqinisekisiweyo bokubaluleka "kwemfundo yesondo".

Endaweni yokucebisa "imfundo yesini" kubantwana, uV. V. I-Pokrovsky kufuneka iphakamise amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa inani labantu be-MSM kunye nokuziphatha komngcipheko. Amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs anokubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokukhuthaza ubufanasini, i-transsexualism, ukusela utywala, ukuthengisa ngomzimba, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, izenzo zesondo ezingezona mvelo (isondo ezimpundu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwephonografi kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanya abantwana kubomi obuyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqela asemngciphekweni (amafanasini, abathandana besini esinye kunye namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), oonongogo, amakhoboka eziyobisi).

Sasithemba ukuba i-Rospotrebnadzor iya kuthatha inxaxheba ekufundeni impembelelo "yemfundo yesondo" kunye nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa elicetyiswa yi-UN, iziphumo zabo zempilo kunye ne-demografia, kunye nokujonga izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation ukuze zithotyelwe. kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso ezizimeleyo zaseRashiya.

Ebusweni beRospotrebnadzor, uluntu lungathanda ukubona umlingane, kwaye kungekhona abalingani kunye nabadibanisi, abazama ukwazisa iindlela zorhwaphilizo zabantwana baseRashiya kwiingcebiso zeKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (CEDAW), efuna ukuba iRashiya itshabalalise imilinganiselo yemveli. kuquka naphakathi kwabantu benkolo, intshayelelo "yemfundo yesondo", ukupheliswa kothintelo lokuqhomfa kunye nokuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kokuthengisa ngomzimba, phakathi kwezinye izinto ngoncedo lwabameli bamanye amazwe.

I-Rospotrebnadzor iyabizwa ukuba ikhusele inhlalakahle yabantu, kwaye ukuba abantu abangaziyo indlela yokusebenza kunye nemithombo yesayensi kunye nezibalo bathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, impilo-ntle isengozini ecacileyo, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo nguRhulumente weRussian Federation. kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo zombutho.

PS
Ngesicelo (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) ithunyelwe ngumncedisi kusekela we-State Duma ye-Russian Federation, ingcali esisigxina kunye nesithethi se-2nd WG kwimfundo, ukukhuliswa kunye nophuhliso olubanzi lwabantwana beBhunga loLuntu phantsi koMkomishinala wamaLungelo aBantwana phantsi koMongameli we Russian Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor akakaphenduli.

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"Imfundo" yezesondo ezikolweni-itekhnoloji yokuchitha