Njengokuqinisekiswa "kobuzalwane" bomtsalane wobufanasini, abagqugquzeli be-LGBT bahlala bebhekisa kubo kufunda Isazi ngemithambo-luvo uSimon LeVay osuka kwi-1991, apho wafumanisa ukuba i-hypothalamus yamadoda “athandana nesini esifanayo” ilingana naleyo yabasetyhini, ekucingelwa ukuba ibenza amafanasini. Yintoni ngokwenene eyafunyanwa nguLeVay? Into angazange ayifumane ngokuqinisekileyo yayilunxibelelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo. 

ULeVay wenze uphando lwakhe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwesidumbu. Wazahlula izifundo zaba ngamaqela amathathu - amabhinqa ama-6 "athandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo", ali-19 lamadoda "angamafanasini" abulawa nguGawulayo, kunye ne-16 lamadoda "athandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo" (ezi parameters zinikwe kumanqaku okucaphula, kuba ukhetho lwesondo lomntu ongasekhoyo lwaluyintelekelelo ubukhulu becala) . Kwiqela ngalinye, iLeVay yalinganisa ubungakanani bengingqi ekhethekileyo yobuchopho eyaziwa ngokuba isithathu senqanaba eliphakathi le-hypotalamus yangaphandle (I-INAH-3). I-nuclei ezininzi ezinjalo ziyahlula kwi-hypothalamus. ubungakanani ukusuka ku-0.05 ukuya ku-0.3 mm³, ezinamanani: 1, 2, 3, 4. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu be-INAH-3 buxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-testosterone yehomoni emzimbeni: i-testosterone eninzi, inkulu i-INAH-3. U-LeVay uthe ubungakanani be-INAH-3 kumadoda athandana nesini esifana nesobufanasini babuncinci kakhulu kunamadoda athandana nesini esahlukileyo, kwaye kufutshane nesayizi eqhelekileyo yabasetyhini. Kwaye nangona isampulu ibandakanya "amafanasini" anobukhulu be-INAH-3 ubukhulu kunye "nabathandana besini esahlukileyo" kunye nobuncinci, ngokukaLeVay, idatha efunyenweyo ibonisa ukuba "ukuziqhelanisa ngokwesondo kunesiseko sebhayoloji."

Zininzi iimpazamo kwiindlela zokufunda zikaLeVay, awayefanele azichaze kaninzi, kodwa amajelo eendaba athi cwaka ngazo. Okokuqala, lukhetho olunengxaki lwezinto zophando: U-LeVey wayengazi ukuba yeyiphi inkanuko yesini uninzi lwabantu awayeyifunda ngexesha lokuphila kwabo. Ubahlule njengabantu "abathandanayo" okanye "ubukhulu becala abathandanayo" ngokwesiseko sokuphakama kwamanani abantu besini esahlukileyo kubemi. 

Okwesibini, kuyaziwa ukuba kwizigulana ezinesifo sikaGawulayo kumanqanaba asezantsi e-testosterone aqwalaselweyo, zombini ngenxa yempembelelo yesi sifo nangenxa yonyango. Ukusuka kwidatha yeLevVay, akunakwenzeka kwaphela ukuba ibone ukuba inkulu kangakanani i-INAH-3 ngexesha lokuzalwa kwaye ingabandakanyi isibakala sokuba sinokwehla ebomini. U-LeVey ngokwakhe wenza ugcino kwinqaku elifanayo:

"... iziphumo azisivumeli ukuba sigqibe ekubeni ubungakanani be-INAH-3 ngunobangela okanye sisiphumo sokwabelana ngesondo komntu, okanye ubungakanani be-INAH-3 kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo ngokuguqukayo phantsi kwempembelelo yokwahluka okungaziwayo kwesithathu" (I-LeVay 1991, iphe. 1036).

Okwesithathu, akukho sizathu sokuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uLeVey wafumana nantoni na. Abaphandi uRuth Hubbard kunye no-Elijah Wald buziwe ayisiyiyo kuphela ukutolikwa kweziphumo zeLeVay, kodwa eyona nyani yokuba kwafunyanwa umahluko obalulekileyo. Nangona u-LeVey wakhankanya ukuba ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-INAH-3 buncinci kwiqela labantu abanokulalana nabantu besini esinye kunakweli qela labantu abathandana besisini esinye, kulandela kwiziphumo zakhe ukuba ezona zinga zininzi kunye nezona zisezantsi zamaxabiso ziyafana kuwo omabini la maqela. Ngokomthetho wolwabiwo oluqhelekileyo, elona nani likhulu labanini beempawu zineempawu zolu phawu kuluhlu oluphakathi, kwaye linani elincinci kuphela labanini elinemilinganiselo yexabiso eligqithisileyo. 

Ngokwemigaqo yokubala kwamanani, ukuchonga ulwahlulo oluphawulekayo phakathi kwamaqela amabini ezifundo, awukwazi ukuthelekisa iparameter engenalo ukusabalalisa okuqhelekileyo. Kuphononongo lukaLeVay, i-INAH-3 yancitshiswa ngobukhulu kuninzi lwamadoda “athandana nesini esinye” kunye nakwamanye amadoda “athandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo,” kwaye ubukhulu buqhelekileyo kuninzi lwamadoda “athandana nesini esahlukileyo” kunye “namafanasini” athile. Oku kulandela ukuba akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukugqiba nantoni na malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kobukhulu be-hypothalamus kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Nokuba kukho naziphi na iiyantlukwano kwisakhiwo sobuchopho zibonakaliswe ngokuqinisekileyo, ukubaluleka kwazo kuya kuhambelana nokufumanisa ukuba izihlunu zabadlali zinkulu kunezo zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ziziphi izigqibo esinokufikelela kuzo ngokusekelwe kwesi sibakala? Ngaba umntu uvelisa izihlunu ezikhulu ngokudlala imidlalo, okanye ngaba ukuthambekela kwemvelo kwimisipha emikhulu kwenza umntu abe yimbaleki? 

Kwaye okwesine, uLeVey akazange athethe nto malunga nobudlelwane bokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye ne-INAH-3 kwabasetyhini.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uLeVey, ongazange azifihle iziyobisi zakhe, wazinikezela ngokupheleleyo ekufumaneni isiseko sebhayiloji sokuthandana kwabantu besini esinye. Ngokutsho kwakhe: "Ndivile ukuba ukuba andifumani nto, ndiza kuyishiya ngokupheleleyo isayensi" (Newsweek xnumx, iphe. 49). Nangona kunjalo, kudliwanondlebe lwe-1994, uLeVey uvumile:

“… Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba andikangqini ukuba ubufanasini yinto ezelwe okanye ifumene unobangela wemfuzo. Andibonisanga ukuba abantu abathandana nesini esinye "bazalwe ngale ndlela" - yeyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo bayenzayo. abantuUkutolika umsebenzi wam. Andikhange ndifumane "iziko lesini" ebuchotsheni ... asazi ukuba umahluko endiwufumanisileyo ubukhona ekuzalweni okanye uvele kamva. Umsebenzi wam awuphenduli kumbuzo wokuba ingaba inkcubeko yokwabelana ngesondo yayisekwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa ... "(I-Nimmons xnumx).

Nayiphi na ingcali kwicandelo le-neuroscience iyazi into enje nge-neuroplasticity - ukubanakho kwezicubu zemithambo yokutshintsha ukusebenza kwayo kunye nobume ngexesha lobomi bomntu phantsi kwempembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukonakalisa (ukwenzakala, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi), kunye nokuziphatha (I-Kolb 1998). Ulwakhiwo lobuchopho, umzekelo, utshintsho kwi yokukhulelwahlala kwisithuba kwaye unobubele sebenzi umntu ngamnye.

Ngonyaka we-2000 Iqela leenzululwazi zipapashe iziphumo zovavanyo lobuchopho eLondon abaqhubi beteksi. Kwavela ukuba kubaqhubi beteksi, indawo yobuchopho ejongene nolungelelwaniso lomhlaba yayinkulu kakhulu kunabantu abavela kwiqela lolawulo abangasebenzi njengabaqhubi beteksi. Ukongeza, ubungakanani beli candelo buxhomekeke ngqo kwinani leminyaka elichithwe ukusebenza kwiteksi. Ukuba abaphandi bebezilandele iinjongo zopolitiko, ngesele bethe into efana nale: "Abaqhubi beteksi kufuneka banikezwe idrive-drive yasekunene naphi na apho basebenza khona, kufanelekile ukutshintsha idrive-drive ekhohlo kwi-drive yangasekunene kuba bazalwe ngaloo ndlela!"

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isiseko sobungqina esiqinisekisiweyo siqokelelwe ukuxhasa iplasitiki yazo zombini izicubu zobuchopho ngokubanzi kunye ne-hypothalamus ngokukodwa (Ukufumana i-xnumx; Thengisa i-2014; I-Mainardi 2013; Hatton xnumx; Theodosis 1993), ke ngoko, ekuqinisekiseni amagama athethwe nguLeVey ngokwakhe kunyaka we-1994, igalelo lophando lakhe kwisafo sengqondo esingaphakathi sobungqingili.

UXANDUVA LOKUFUNA KOKUFUNDA

Akukho mntu ukwazile ukuphinda iziphumo zikaLeVey. Kupapasho lwe-2001 yonyaka, Iqela lophando abasuka eNew York baqhuba isifundo esifanayo, ngokuthelekisa iindawo ezifanayo ze-hypothalamus njengakwisifundo seLeVay, kodwa banolwazi oluninzi oluzeleyo kunye nokusasazwa okwaneleyo kwezifundo. Akukho lungelelwaniso lobungakanani be-INAH-3 enobungqingili lwafunyanwa. Ababhali bagqibe kwelokuba: 

"… Ukwabelana ngesondo akunakuqikelelwa ngokuthembekileyo ngokomthamo we-INAH-3…" (Ngu-Byne xnumx, iphe. 91).

Ngayiphi na imeko, ukufunyanwa kobudlelwane bezibalo phakathi kwezinto ezifundwayo akuthethi kuthi ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Nokuba iziphumo zophando lukaLeVey ziqinisekisiwe, ziya kubonisa kuphela ubukho be-neuropathology. Ukuba isibindi sendoda endaweni ye-1,6 kg ubunzima ubunzima be-1,2 kg, njengesibindi somfazi, ke isifo esithile sinokugqitywa ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kuyasebenza nakweliphi na ilungu lobungakanani be-atypical, kubandakanywa ne-nucleus ye-hypothalamus.