Ingxoxo ngu-Irving Bieber kunye noRobert Spitzer

NgoDisemba 15 1973 IBhodi yeTrasti yeAmerican Psychiatric Association, inikezela ngoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwamaqela abungqingili, yavuma utshintsho kwizikhokelo ezisemthethweni zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. "Ubungqingili bolu hlobo," iitrasti ezivotayo, mazingasabonwa njengengxaki yengqondo; Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ichazwe njengolwenyusa imeko yokuziphatha ngokwesondo. 

URobert Spitzer, MD, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kunyango lwezifo zengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia kunye nelungu lekomiti yokuchongwa kwamaphepha eAPA, kunye noIrving Bieber, MD, uprofesa wezonyango kwizifundo zengqondo kwiNew York College of Medicine kunye nosihlalo wekomiti yokufunda ngobufanasini besilisa, baxoxa ngesigqibo seAPA. Oku kulandelayo yinguqulelo efinyeziweyo yengxoxo yabo.

Indawo yokujonga eyamkelweyo kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni luphi na ubungqingili bungathobanga kuvavanyo lweklinikhi inemeko kwaye ayinakuthembeka kwezesayensi, kuba ibonisa kuphela ukungqinelani kwezopolitiko, hayi isiphelo ekufikelelwe kwisayensi.