Zaka zingapo zapitazo, akonzi a magazini awiri odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. kuzindikira, izo "Gawo lalikulu la mabuku asayansi, mwina theka, lingakhale zabodza.".

Umboni wina wotsimikizira za sayansi yamakono waperekedwa ndi asayansi atatu aku America - a James Lindsay, a Helen Plakrose ndi a Peter Bogossyan, omwe kwa chaka chathunthu adalemba zopanda tanthauzo komanso zolemba zabodza za "sayansi" m'magulu osiyanasiyana asayansi yachilengedwe kutsimikizira: malingaliro pankhaniyi kalekale anapambana pa nzeru wamba. 

“China chake chasokonekera pasukuluyi, makamaka m'malo ena aumunthu. Ntchito yasayansi, osakhazikika pa kusaka chowonadi pokhoma msonkho pazoyipa zachitukuko, amatenga malo olimba (ngati sanali otchuka) kumeneko, ndi awo olemba akukakamiza ophunzira, oyang'anira, ndi madipatimenti ena kuti azitsatira zomwe akuwona. Mawonedwe adziko lino sakhala asayansi komanso osalondola. Kwa ambiri, vutoli lidayamba kuwonekera kwambiri, koma umboni wokhutiritsa udalibe. Pachifukwa ichi, tagwira ntchito chaka chathunthu kuukadaulo womwe ndi gawo limodzi lamavuto.

Kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2017, potengera mayina, asayansi apereka zolemba 20 zabodza m'manyuzipepala asayansi odziwika komanso owunikiridwa ndi anzawo, omwe adapangidwa monga kafukufuku wamba wasayansi. Mitu yantchitoyo imasiyanasiyana, koma yonse idaperekedwa kuzionetsero zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi "kupanda chilungamo pakati pa anthu": maphunziro azachikazi, chikhalidwe cha amuna, nkhani zamitundu, malingaliro azakugonana, kulimbitsa thupi ndi zina zambiri. Nkhani iliyonse imafotokoza mtundu wina wazokayikira wotsutsa wina kapena mnzake "mwachitsanzo, maudindo a amuna ndi akazi".

Malinga ndi malingaliro asayansi, nkhanizi zinali zopanda pake ndipo sizinatsutse kutsutsidwa. Malingaliro omwe adafotokozedwayo sankagwirizana ndi ziwerengero zomwe zatchulidwazo, nthawi zina amatchula za komwe kulibe kapena ntchito za wolemba wongopeka yemweyo, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya The Dog Park inanena kuti ochita kafukufuku anamva maliseche a agalu pafupifupi 10, akufunsa eni ake za ziweto zawo. Nkhani ina inanena kuti ophunzira azungu azikakamizidwa kumvera zokambiranazo atakhala pansi pa holoyo atamangidwa maunyolo ngati chilango cha ukapolo wa makolo awo. Kachitatu, kunenepa kwambiri, kuwopseza thanzi, kudalimbikitsidwa kukhala njira yabwino yosankhira moyo - "mafuta omanga thupi". M'chinai, adakonzedwa kuti aganizire za kuseweretsa maliseche, pomwe mwamuna amaganiza za mkazi weniweni m'malingaliro ake, zachiwawa zomwe zimamuchitira. Nkhani ya Dildo idalimbikitsa amuna kuti azilowerera okha ndi ma dildos kuti asamachite manyazi kwambiri, azimayi achikazi, komanso azitha kuzindikira zowopsa zachikhalidwe chogwiririra. Ndipo imodzi mwazolembedwa pamutu wachikazi - "Kulimbana kwathu ndikulimbana kwanga" - inali mutu wochokera m'buku la Adolf Hitler "Mein Kampf", lotchulidwa mwachikhalidwe chachikazi. 

Zolemba izi zawunikiridwa bwino ndikusindikizidwa m'manyuzipepala asayansi olemekezedwa ndi anzawo. Chifukwa cha "chitsanzo chawo chabwino cha sayansi" olembawo adalandiranso mayitanidwe 4 kuti akhale owunikiranso m'mabuku asayansi, ndipo imodzi mwazinthu zopusa kwambiri - "Dog Park" - idakhala malo olemekezeka pamndandanda wazolemba zabwino kwambiri munyuzipepala yotsogola yachikazi "Gender, Place and Culture". Lingaliro la opus iyi linali motere:

“Malo osungira agalu amalekerera kugwiriridwa ndipo ndi malo achikhalidwe cha kugwiririra kumene 'galu woponderezedwayo' amaponderezedwa mwadongosolo kuti athe kuyerekeza momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito pazonsezi. Izi zimapereka lingaliro la momwe angaleredwere amuna ku nkhanza zakugonana komanso kusankhana komwe amakonda. " 

Funso lokhalo lomwe m'modzi wowunikiranali adafunsa linali loti ofufuzawo adawonadi kugwiriridwa kwa galu umodzi pa ola limodzi., komanso ngati adaphwanya chinsinsi cha agalu pomvera maliseche awo.

Olembawo akunena kuti njira yowunikira, yomwe imayenera kumaliza kukondera, sikukwaniritsa zofunikira pazophunzirazi. Makina okayikira ndi miyeso yomwe iyenera kutsimikizira momwe sayansi imagwirira ntchito imasinthidwa ndi khola kutsimikizira, kusocheretsa kuphunzira za nkhaniyi mopitilira muyeso woyenera. Kutengera zolemba zomwe zidalipo kale, pafupifupi chilichonse chazandale, ngakhale craziest, chitha kusindikizidwa ndikunamizira kuti "wasayansi wapamwamba", popeza munthu amene amafunsa mafunso aliwonse pazokhudza kudziwika, mwayi komanso kuponderezana amakhala pachiwopsezo chodzinamizira kuti ali ndi malingaliro ochepa komanso atsankho.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yathu, tidayamba kufufuza za chikhalidwe komanso zidziwitso monga "kafukufuku womvetsa chisoni," popeza cholinga chawo chimakhala chodziwikiratu pazikhalidwe zambiri, poyesera kudziwa kusayenerana kwa mphamvu komanso kuponderezedwa komwe kudayamba. Tikhulupirira kuti malingaliro a jenda, kudziwika amitundu ndi malingaliro akugonana amafunika kufufuza,  koma ndikofunikira kuwasanthula moyenera, osakondera. Chikhalidwe chofala chimatiuza kuti malingaliro okhawo amtundu wina ndiomwe angavomerezedwe - mwachitsanzo, khungu loyera kapena chachimuna ndiye zomwe zimabweretsa vuto. Kulimbana ndi ziwonetsero zakusalungama kwa anthu kumayikidwa pamwamba pazowona zenizeni. Apatseni malingaliro owopsa kwambiri komanso opanda pake pazandale, ndipo amalandila maphunziro apamwamba "achisoni kafukufuku." Ngakhale ntchito yathu ndi yopanda tanthauzo kapena yolakwika mwadala, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ndizosazindikirika ndi ntchito zina zamaphunziro awa.

Zomwe zidathetsa kuyesa

Mwa zolembedwa za 20 zolembedwa, osachepera zisanu ndi ziwiri adaunikiridwa ndi asayansi otsogolera ndikuvomerezedwa kuti afalitsidwe. “Osachepera asanu ndi awiri” - chifukwa zolemba zina zisanu ndi ziwirizi zidali pachiwopsezo chowunikira panthawi yomwe asayansi adayimitsa kuyesera ndikuwonetsa incuffito yawo.

"Kafukufuku" wofalitsidwayo anali wodabwitsadi kotero kuti sanakope chidwi cha asayansi okhawo omwe ananenanso za kupusa kwake, komanso atolankhani omwe amayesa kudziwa kuti wolemba ndi ndani. Pomwe mtolankhani wa Wall Street Journal adayimba nambala yomwe idasiyidwa ndi omwe adalemba muofesi ina yoyang'anira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, a James Lindsay omwe adayankha. Pulofesayo sanabise ndikulankhula moona mtima za kuyesaku kwake, akufunsa kuti asalengeze pagulu pakadali pano, kuti iye ndi anzawo omwe adatsutsana nawo athetse ntchitoyo mwachidule ndikufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira zake.

Kodi yotsatira?

Nkhaniyi idagwedezabe anthu aku America - ndipo nthawi zambiri azungu - asayansi. Ophunzira okhazikika sakhala otsutsa okhazikika, komanso othandizira omwe akuwathandiza mokhulupirika. A James Lindsey adajambula vidiyo yofotokoza zolinga zawo.

Komabe, olemba kuyesaku akuti mwanjira ina mbiri yawo pagulu lasayansi yawonongedwa, ndipo iwowo sayembekezera zabwino zilizonse. A Bogossian amakhulupirira kuti athamangitsidwa ku yunivesite kapena kulangidwa mwanjira ina. Placrose akuwopa kuti mwina sangalandiridwe maphunziro a udokotala. Ndipo Lindsay akuti tsopano atha kukhala "wopitilizidwa m'maphunziro" yemwe adzatsekedwe mwa njira yophunzitsira ndikusindikiza zikalata zofunikira zasayansi. Nthawi yomweyo, onse amavomereza kuti ntchitoyi idalipira.

"Ziwopsezo zakuti kafukufuku wokondera apitilizabe kukopa maphunziro, atolankhani, ndale komanso chikhalidwe ndi zoyipa kwambiri kwa ife kuposa zovuta zilizonse zomwe ife tikhoza kukumana nazo," - adatero James Lindsay.

Magazini a sayansi pomwe ntchito zabodza adasindikizidwa adalonjeza kuti awachotsa pawebusayiti yawo, koma sanatchulenso ndemanga zawo.

Lotsatirali ndi lochokera ku tsamba lotseguka kuchokera kwa asayansi "Maphunziro Omwe Amadandaula Pamaphunziro ndi Ziphuphu Zasayansi".

Kodi tinachitiranji izi? Kodi ndichifukwa ndife atsankho, okonda kugonana, okonda kuchita zachinyengo, osaganizira ena, okonda zanyumba, ovutitsa, osinthika, anthropocentric, ovuta, olemekezeka, osakwanitsa, amuna azizolowera kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (ndi mzungu mmodzi yemwe adamuonetsa kusowa kolakwika komanso chosowa chachikulu. kuvomerezedwa), amene amafuna kupereka zifukwa zokopa, kuti asungire mwayi wawo ndikugwirizana ndi chidani? - ayi. Palibe chimodzi mwa izi. Komabe, akutiimba mlandu chifukwa cha izi, ndipo tikumvetsa chifukwa chake.

Vuto lomwe tikuphunzira ndilofunika kwambiri osati kungoti ophunzira, komanso dziko lenileni ndi aliyense amene ali mmenemo. Nditatha chaka chimodzi ndikugwira ntchito zamasayansi azikhalidwe ndi anthu,
yokhudza kwambiri nkhani zokomera anthu,
atalandilidwa ndiukadauloKuphatikiza paumboni wazotsatira zakugawana komanso kuwononga zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omenyera ufulu wawo komanso anthu atolankhani, tsopano titha kunena motsimikiza kuti siabwino kapena olondola. Kuphatikiza apo, madera ofufuzawa samapitiliza ntchito yofunikira komanso yolemekezeka ya kayendetsedwe ka ufulu wachibadwidwe - amangowononga pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lake labwino kugulitsa mafuta a njoka kwa anthu omwe thanzi lawo likukulirakulirabe. Pofuna kuwulula kupanda chilungamo pakati pa anthu ndikuwonetsa kuti okayikira, kafukufuku m'derali ayenera kukhala wasayansi mosamalitsa. Izi sizili choncho pakadali pano, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimalola kuti chilungamo chachitukuko chisamalidwe. Iyi ndi nkhani yayikulu yofunika kwambiri ndipo tiyenera kuyithetsa.

Vutoli limayimira kutsimikizika kokwanira, koyera kapena koyera koti malingaliro ambiri okhala ndi anthu amapangidwa mwamagulu. Izi zikuwoneka kuti zimadalira kugawa mphamvu pakati pa magulu a anthu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi jenda, mtundu, komanso kudziwika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kapena akazi. Zonse zomwe zimavomerezedwa pamaziko a umboni wotsimikizika zimaperekedwa ngati zopangidwa mwamaganizidwe ndi malingaliro osafunikira am'magulu otchuka kuti akhalebe olamulira pochita zotsogola. Kuwona dziko lapansi kotere kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zoyenera kuti izi zitheke. 

“Misonkhano” yachikhalidwe yomwe imawonedwa kuti "yovuta" ndipo akuti ikufunika kuthetsedwa:

Kudziwitsa zakusiyana pakati pa abambo ndi amai, zomwe zimatha kufotokozera, pang'ono pang'ono, chifukwa chake amapanga zisankho zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi ntchito, kugonana ndi moyo wabanja;

- malingaliro omwe amatchedwa "mankhwala azizungu" (ngakhale asayansi otchuka azachipatala si ochokera Kumadzulo) amaposa njira zachikhalidwe kapena zauzimu zakuchiritsira;

• Chikhulupiriro chakuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi vuto laumoyo wofupikitsa, osati kusalingana mwachisawawa komanso kusankha thupi mwadongosolo komanso kukongola.

Tinaphunzira ntchitoyi kuti tidziwe, kumvetsa komanso kuzindikira zenizeni za kafukufuku womvetsa chisoni, yemwe amawononga kafukufuku wamaphunziro. Popeza kukambirana momasuka pamitu yodziwika monga jenda, mtundu, jenda komanso kugonana (ndi omwe akuwaphunzira) ndizosatheka, cholinga chathu ndikuyambiranso zokambirana. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zipatsa anthu, makamaka iwo amene amakhulupirira kuubwino, kupita patsogolo, zamakono, kuphunzira poyera komanso chilungamo cha chikhalidwe, chifukwa chomveka chakuwonera wamatsenga omwe amachokera ophunzira ophunzira ndi ochita zachiwonetsero ndikunena kuti: "Ayi, sindikugwirizana nazo ndi izi. Simundiyankhula. "

Malingana ndi zipangizo BBC и Areo

Kupitiliza nkhani

Tidachita zosiyana. Zolemba zingapo zidasindikizidwa m'magazini azasayansi owunikiridwa, omwe anali olakwika kwambiri pandale, koma mwasayansi, kenako adasindikizidwa ngati monograph. Zolemba izi zimatsutsa malingaliro andale omwe amapangidwa ndi akatswiri omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Ndemanga za gulu la LGBT* potengera mfundo zasayansi