Zaka zingapo zapitazo, akonzi a magazini awiri odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. kuzindikira, izo "Gawo lalikulu la mabuku asayansi, mwina theka, lingakhale zabodza.".

Umboni wina wotsimikizira za sayansi yamakono waperekedwa ndi asayansi atatu aku America - a James Lindsay, a Helen Plakrose ndi a Peter Bogossyan, omwe kwa chaka chathunthu adalemba zopanda tanthauzo komanso zolemba zabodza za "sayansi" m'magulu osiyanasiyana asayansi yachilengedwe kutsimikizira: malingaliro pankhaniyi kalekale anapambana pa nzeru wamba. 

“China chake chalakwika m’masukulu, makamaka m’madera ena a anthu. Ntchito yasayansi, osakhazikika pa kusaka chowonadi pokhoma msonkho pazoyipa zachitukuko, amatenga malo olimba (ngati sanali otchuka) kumeneko, ndi awo olemba akukakamiza ophunzira, oyang'anira, ndi madipatimenti ena kuti azitsatira zomwe akuwona. Mawonedwe adziko lino sakhala asayansi komanso osalondola. Kwa ambiri vuto limeneli linayamba kuonekera kwambiri, koma panalibe umboni wokhutiritsa. Pachifukwachi, tathera chaka cha ntchito ku maphunziro a sayansi omwe ali ofunikira pa vutoli. "

Kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2017, asayansi omwe ali ndi mayina onama apereka zolemba zabodza 20 m'manyuzipepala odziwika bwino omwe amawunikiridwa ndi anzawo, zomwe zimaperekedwa ngati kafukufuku wanthawi zonse wasayansi. Mitu ya ntchito zosiyanasiyana, koma onse anali odzipereka kwa mawonetseredwe osiyanasiyana polimbana ndi "chisalungamo chikhalidwe": maphunziro feminism, chikhalidwe cha amuna, nkhani za chiphunzitso mitundu, kugonana, positivity thupi, ndi zina zotero. Nkhani iliyonse ikupereka mfundo zokayikitsa kwambiri zotsutsa "kumanga anthu" (mwachitsanzo, maudindo a amuna kapena akazi).

Malinga ndi malingaliro asayansi, nkhanizi zinali zopanda pake ndipo sizinatsutse kutsutsidwa. Malingaliro omwe adafotokozedwayo sankagwirizana ndi ziwerengero zomwe zatchulidwazo, nthawi zina amatchula za komwe kulibe kapena ntchito za wolemba wongopeka yemweyo, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya The Dog Park inanena kuti ochita kafukufuku anamva maliseche a agalu pafupifupi 10, akufunsa eni ake za ziweto zawo. Nkhani ina inanena kuti ophunzira azungu azikakamizidwa kumvera zokambiranazo atakhala pansi pa holoyo atamangidwa maunyolo ngati chilango cha ukapolo wa makolo awo. Kachitatu, kunenepa kwambiri, kuwopseza thanzi, kudalimbikitsidwa kukhala njira yabwino yosankhira moyo - "mafuta omanga thupi". M'chinai, adakonzedwa kuti aganizire za kuseweretsa maliseche, pomwe mwamuna amaganiza za mkazi weniweni m'malingaliro ake, zachiwawa zomwe zimamuchitira. Nkhani ya Dildo idalimbikitsa amuna kuti azilowerera okha ndi ma dildos kuti asamachite manyazi kwambiri, azimayi achikazi, komanso azitha kuzindikira zowopsa zachikhalidwe chogwiririra. Ndipo imodzi mwazolembedwa pamutu wachikazi - "Kulimbana kwathu ndikulimbana kwanga" - inali mutu wochokera m'buku la Adolf Hitler "Mein Kampf", lotchulidwa mwachikhalidwe chachikazi. 

Nkhanizi zawunikiridwa bwino ndi kusindikizidwa m'magazini asayansi odziwika bwino owunikiridwa ndi anzawo. Chifukwa cha "chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe cha sayansi," olembawo adalandiranso zoyitanira za 4 kuti akhale owerengera m'mabuku a sayansi, ndipo imodzi mwa nkhani zopanda nzeru kwambiri, "Dog Park," inanyadira malo omwe ali pamndandanda wa zolemba zabwino kwambiri m'magazini otsogolera. geography yachikazi, Jenda, Malo ndi Chikhalidwe. Thesis ya opus iyi inali motere:

"Mapaki a agalu amavomereza kugwiriridwa ndipo ndi kwawo kwa chikhalidwe chogwiriridwa cha agalu chomwe chikukula kumene kuzunzidwa kwa "galu woponderezedwa" kumachitika, komwe kumayesa njira ya anthu pazochitika zonsezi. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso cha momwe angachotsere amuna ku nkhanza zogonana komanso tsankho zomwe amakonda kuchita. ” 

Funso lokhalo lomwe m'modzi wowunikiranali adafunsa linali loti ofufuzawo adawonadi kugwiriridwa kwa galu umodzi pa ola limodzi., komanso ngati adaphwanya chinsinsi cha agalu pomvera maliseche awo.

Olembawo akunena kuti njira yowunikira, yomwe imayenera kumaliza kukondera, sikukwaniritsa zofunikira pazophunzirazi. Makina okayikira ndi miyeso yomwe iyenera kutsimikizira momwe sayansi imagwirira ntchito imasinthidwa ndi khola kutsimikizira, kutsogoza kuphunzira za nkhanizi mopitilira munjira yoyenera. Kutengera ndi mawu ochokera m'mabuku omwe alipo, pafupifupi chilichonse chowoneka bwino pazandale, ngakhale chopenga kwambiri, chikhoza kusindikizidwa motengera "maphunziro apamwamba," popeza munthu amene amakayikira kafukufuku aliyense pankhani yodziwikiratu, mwayi ndi kuponderezedwa akhoza kutsutsidwa. kuganiza mozama komanso kukondera.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yathu, tidayamba kufufuza za chikhalidwe komanso zidziwitso monga "kafukufuku womvetsa chisoni," popeza cholinga chawo chimakhala chodziwikiratu pazikhalidwe zambiri, poyesera kudziwa kusayenerana kwa mphamvu komanso kuponderezedwa komwe kudayamba. Tikhulupirira kuti malingaliro a jenda, kudziwika amitundu ndi malingaliro akugonana amafunika kufufuza,  koma ndikofunikira kuwasanthula moyenera, osakondera. Chikhalidwe chathu chimatiuza kuti mitundu ina yokha ya ziganizo ndiyovomerezeka-mwachitsanzo, kuyera kapena umuna uyenera kukhala wovuta. Kulimbana ndi kuwonetseredwa kwa chisalungamo kwa anthu kumayikidwa pamwamba pa choonadi chenichenicho. Malingaliro owopsa kwambiri ndi opusa akapangidwa kukhala andale, amapeza chithandizo pamaphunziro apamwamba kwambiri a "kafukufuku wamadandaulo". Ngakhale kuti ntchito yathu ndi yovuta kapena yolakwika mwadala, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito zina zamaphunzirowa.

Zomwe zidathetsa kuyesa

Mwa zolembedwa za 20 zolembedwa, osachepera zisanu ndi ziwiri adaunikiridwa ndi asayansi otsogolera ndikuvomerezedwa kuti afalitsidwe. “Osachepera asanu ndi awiri” - chifukwa zolemba zina zisanu ndi ziwirizi zidali pachiwopsezo chowunikira panthawi yomwe asayansi adayimitsa kuyesera ndikuwonetsa incuffito yawo.

"Kafukufuku" wofalitsidwa anali wopusa kwambiri moti adakopa chidwi cha asayansi okhawo omwe adawonetsa zopanda pake, komanso atolankhani omwe adayesa kutsimikizira kuti wolembayo ndani. Pamene mtolankhani wa Wall Street Journal adayimbira nambala yomwe olembawo adasiya ku ofesi ina yolembera kumayambiriro kwa August, James Lindsay mwiniwake anayankha. Pulofesayo sanabise ndipo analankhula moona mtima za kuyesa kwake, ndikungopempha kuti asapezeke kwa anthu onse pakalipano, kotero kuti iye ndi anzake osagwirizana nawo akhoza kuthetsa ntchitoyi pasanapite nthawi ndikulongosola mwachidule zotsatira zake.

Kodi yotsatira?

Nkhaniyi idagwedezabe anthu aku America - ndipo nthawi zambiri azungu - asayansi. Ophunzira okhazikika sakhala otsutsa okhazikika, komanso othandizira omwe akuwathandiza mokhulupirika. A James Lindsey adajambula vidiyo yofotokoza zolinga zawo.

Komabe, olemba kuyesera amanena kuti njira imodzi kapena ina mbiri yawo mu gulu la sayansi yawonongeka, ndipo iwo eni sayembekezera zabwino. Boghossian ali ndi chidaliro kuti adzachotsedwa ku yunivesite kapena kulangidwa mwanjira ina. Pluckrose akuwopa kuti tsopano sangavomerezedwe ku maphunziro a udokotala. Ndipo Lindsay akuti tsopano atha kukhala "wopanda maphunziro", yemwe adzatsekeredwa pakuphunzitsa ndi kufalitsa ntchito zazikulu zasayansi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, onse amavomereza kuti ntchitoyi yadzilungamitsa yokha.

"Chiwopsezo choti kafukufuku wokondera apitilize kukhudza maphunziro, atolankhani, ndale ndi chikhalidwe ndizovuta kwambiri kwa ife kuposa zotsatira zilizonse zomwe tingakumane nazo." - adatero James Lindsay.

Magazini a sayansi pomwe ntchito zabodza adasindikizidwa adalonjeza kuti awachotsa pawebusayiti yawo, koma sanatchulenso ndemanga zawo.

Lotsatirali ndi lochokera ku tsamba lotseguka kuchokera kwa asayansi "Maphunziro Omwe Amadandaula Pamaphunziro ndi Ziphuphu Zasayansi".

Kodi tinachitiranji izi? Kodi ndichifukwa ndife atsankho, okonda kugonana, okonda kuchita zachinyengo, osaganizira ena, okonda zanyumba, ovutitsa, osinthika, anthropocentric, ovuta, olemekezeka, osakwanitsa, amuna azizolowera kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (ndi mzungu mmodzi yemwe adamuonetsa kusowa kolakwika komanso chosowa chachikulu. kuvomerezedwa), amene amafuna kupereka zifukwa zokopa, kuti asungire mwayi wawo ndikugwirizana ndi chidani? - ayi. Palibe chimodzi mwa izi. Komabe, akutiimba mlandu chifukwa cha izi, ndipo tikumvetsa chifukwa chake.

Vuto lomwe tikuphunzira ndilofunika kwambiri osati kungoti ophunzira, komanso dziko lenileni ndi aliyense amene ali mmenemo. Nditatha chaka chimodzi ndikugwira ntchito zamasayansi azikhalidwe ndi anthu,
yokhudza kwambiri nkhani zokomera anthu,
atalandilidwa ndiukadaulo, kuwonjezera pakuwona zotsatira zogawanitsa ndi zowononga za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo ndi omenyera ufulu ndi unyinji wa anthu pawailesi yakanema, tsopano tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti si zabwino kapena zolondola. Komanso, magawo ophunzirirawa samapitilira ntchito yofunika komanso yolemekezeka yaufulu wamagulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe - amangoyipitsa pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lake labwino kugulitsa "mafuta a njoka" kwa anthu omwe thanzi lawo likuipiraipira. Kuti avumbulutse kupanda chilungamo kwa anthu ndikuwonetsa kwa anthu okayikira, kafukufuku m'derali ayenera kukhala wasayansi kwambiri. Pakalipano, izi sizili choncho, ndipo izi ndizomwe zimalola kuti nkhani za chikhalidwe cha anthu zisamanyalanyazidwe. Iyi ndi nkhani yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndipo tiyenera kuiyang'ana.

Vutoli limayimira kutsimikizika kokwanira, koyera kapena koyera koti malingaliro ambiri okhala ndi anthu amapangidwa mwamagulu. Izi zikuwoneka kuti zimadalira kugawa mphamvu pakati pa magulu a anthu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi jenda, mtundu, komanso kudziwika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kapena akazi. Zonse zomwe zimavomerezedwa pamaziko a umboni wotsimikizika zimaperekedwa ngati zopangidwa mwamaganizidwe ndi malingaliro osafunikira am'magulu otchuka kuti akhalebe olamulira pochita zotsogola. Kuwona dziko lapansi kotere kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zoyenera kuti izi zitheke. 

“Misonkhano” yachikhalidwe yomwe imawonedwa kuti "yovuta" ndipo akuti ikufunika kuthetsedwa:

Kudziwitsa zakusiyana pakati pa abambo ndi amai, zomwe zimatha kufotokozera, pang'ono pang'ono, chifukwa chake amapanga zisankho zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi ntchito, kugonana ndi moyo wabanja;

- malingaliro omwe amatchedwa "mankhwala azizungu" (ngakhale asayansi otchuka azachipatala si ochokera Kumadzulo) amaposa njira zachikhalidwe kapena zauzimu zakuchiritsira;

• Chikhulupiriro chakuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi vuto laumoyo wofupikitsa, osati kusalingana mwachisawawa komanso kusankha thupi mwadongosolo komanso kukongola.

Tinaphunzira ntchitoyi kuti tidziwe, kumvetsa komanso kuzindikira zenizeni za kafukufuku womvetsa chisoni, yemwe amawononga kafukufuku wamaphunziro. Popeza kukambirana momasuka pamitu yodziwika monga jenda, mtundu, jenda komanso kugonana (ndi omwe akuwaphunzira) ndizosatheka, cholinga chathu ndikuyambiranso zokambirana. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zipatsa anthu, makamaka iwo amene amakhulupirira kuubwino, kupita patsogolo, zamakono, kuphunzira poyera komanso chilungamo cha chikhalidwe, chifukwa chomveka chakuwonera wamatsenga omwe amachokera ophunzira ophunzira ndi ochita zachiwonetsero ndikunena kuti: "Ayi, sindikugwirizana nazo ndi izi. Simundiyankhula. "

Malingana ndi zipangizo BBC и Areo

Kupitiliza nkhani

Tidachita zosiyana. Zolemba zingapo zidasindikizidwa m'magazini azasayansi owunikiridwa, omwe anali olakwika kwambiri pandale, koma mwasayansi, kenako adasindikizidwa ngati monograph. Zolemba izi zimatsutsa malingaliro andale omwe amapangidwa ndi akatswiri omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Ndemanga za gulu la LGBT* potengera mfundo zasayansi