"Bonke abantu besini esitshatileyo se20
Uyosuleleka yi-HIV okanye usweleke yi-AIDS
kwisikhumbuzo sayo se-30 ».
APA

Bambalwa abantu namhlanje abakhumbulayo ukuba kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuvela kwentsholongwane ye-HIV, isifo esibangelwa yi-GRID (i-Gay-related immune disorder) - "I-Gay Immune Disorder", ekubeni bonke abantu bokuqala abosulelekileyo babengamafanasini. Elinye igama eliqhelekileyo lalingu "Cancer Gay." Kuphela kusemva kokuba intsholongwane isasazeke phakathi kwabasetyhini abathandana nesini esahlukileyo, yaye ngabo phakathi kwamadoda, ngokusebenzisa abantu abathandana namabhinqa namakhoboka eziyobisi, eso sifo sathiywa igama elithi AIDS ngoncedo lwabezobupolitika noxinzelelo lwemibutho yamafanasini.

Xa ubhubhane kaGawulayo uqalisile e-1981 e-USA, iinzame zeenkokheli zombutho wesithembu yayijolise ekupheliseni ukusasazeka kwesi sifo, kodwa ukufihla esidlangalaleni inyani yobukho baso nokubeka ubungqingili njengendlela eqhelekileyo nekhuselekileyo yobomi. Indawo yokugcina abantu abathandana nesini gay yenze imizamo emikhulu yokususa kulwazi lukawonke wonke unxibelelwano phakathi kwesi sifo kunye nokuthandana kwabantu abatshatileyo, kodwa kuncwadi lwezokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwamadoda isengoyinto eyingozi # 1. Kuyinyani engenakuphikiswa ukuba ibingabantu abathandana abathandana abatshatileyo abadala i-American reservoir ye-HIV kwaye bayixhasa ngesondo nangomlingani omkhulu kakhulu wamaqabane ezesondo.^[1]

Isifundo eSan Francisco (iBell kunye neWeinberg) safumanisa ukuba i-28% yayinamaqabane amaninzi ezesondo angama-1000 kunye nangaphezulu kwe-43% yamadoda athandana namanye. Olunye uphando (uPaul Van de Ven et al.) Wafumanisa ukuba umntu onobufanasini obuqhelekileyo kubomi bakhe bonke ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kumaqabane e-101, i-500% isuka kwi-16 ukuya kumaqabane e-501, kunye ne-1000% ngaphezulu kwe-16.^[2] 

Umlindi weenqwelo moya UGaetan Duga, omnye wabachwephesha eziphambili zokusasazeka kwe-HIV e-United States waqhayisa ukuba ngeminyaka ye-10 wayenamaqabane e-2500.^[3] Naxa waxilongwa Sarcoma kaKaposi, kwaye bathi ukugula kwakhe kwakubulalisa kwaye kuyosulela, iminyaka ye-3, kude kuse ekufeni kwakhe, wayeqhubeka nokuziphatha okungokwabelana ngesondo okungakhuselekanga kwii-saunas ezimnyama zesini. Nabu ubungqina bomntu onobungqingili othi ngobusuku bunye wayenamaqabane e-50.

Ngokwe-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), inani losuleleko phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo liyancipha minyaka le (okwangoku malunga ne3 000 ngonyaka), ngelixa phakathi kwabantu abathandana nayo kuhlala kungatshintshiwe- malunga ne26 000 ngonyaka.^[4] 

Ngenxa yokuba eMelika amafanasini enza i-2.3% yabemi kuphela,^[5] Usulelo lwe-HIV phakathi kwabo lwenzeka malunga namaxesha angama-375 rhoqo kunabantu abathandanayo. Okwangoku, yi-9% kuphela yosulelo lwamadoda e-United States ngoonxibelelwano abanobungqingili, ngelixa amafanasini, nangona inani lawo elincinci, anoxanduva lwe-67% lwalo lonke usulelo lwe-HIV, kwaye i-83% ingamadoda.

Umfanekiso ofanayo ubonwa nakwamanye amazwe:

Ngu inikiwe IZiko laseYurophu loThintelo lweSifo kunye noLawulo (i-ECDC), eyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo yi-HIV kwindawo yoqoqosho yaseYurophu, sisini phakathi kwamadoda.^[6]

Ngokophando olwenziwe ngo-2013, malunga ne-70% yosulelo kubantu abathandana besisini esinye kwenzeka ngamaqabane aqhelekileyo, kuba uninzi lokukhohlisa lwenzeka ngaphandle kwekhondom.^[7] Ngaphandle kwayo yonke imizamo yokulwa uGawulayo, amafanasini ayala ukuzikhusela ade ayifumane ngabom intsholongwane kaGawulayo. Esi senzo, saqatshelwa okokuqala ngo-1999, saziwa njengeUkugobaMsgstr "" "isix." Ukugxotha ibug - "ukugxotha ibug". Ngokwabathathi-nxaxheba, usulelo lokuzithandela nge-HIV luyabakhulula kuloyiko losulelo kwaye lubanike inkululeko epheleleyo yesenzo sokulandela ulonwabo olungagungqiyo. Ngokutsho kwe-APA, "I-30% yabo bonke abantu abathandana nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala bayosulelwa yi-HIV okanye bayakubulawa yi-AIDS baneminyaka engamashumi amathathu."^[8]

Ukusuka kwiwebhusayithi ye-CDC: “I-MSM (amadoda abelana ngesondo nabantu) basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV kunye nolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane. I-STDkuba bayaziqhelanisa Isondo lesondo. I-membrane ye-mucous ye-rectum inokuchaphazeleka ngendlela engaqhelekanga kumachiza athile osulelo olwabelana ngesondo. Kwakhona abantu abaninzi ababelana ngesondo nabo, ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye ne-network yezesondo ye-MSM yonyusa umngcipheko we-HIV kunye I-STI kweli qela. Isimo sosulelo lwe-HIV sehlile kakhulu kwii-MSM ukusuka kwii-1980's ukuya kwi-1990's. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoku, phakathi kwe-MSM yakuqala e-United States kunye phantse nawo onke amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, ziphakanyisiwe isyphilis (eyokuqala, yesibini okanye yesibini yamva nje), inyamakazi, chlamydial usulelo kunye namazinga aphezulu okuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesini. "^[9]

Umbhali wencwadi malunga nempilo ye-MSM, uStephen Goldstone, uxela ukuba isigulana ngasinye se-AIDS sesibini sinokugula ngokungafanelekanga.^[10] Izifundo zamva nje zibonise ukuba umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza we-anal kubantu abosulelwe yi-HIV ngamaxesha e-28 aphezulu.^[11]

Ngokwedatha yoMnqamlezo obomvu epapashwe kwiwebhusayithi ye-FDA yokunikela ngegazi, amadoda athe abelana ngesondo namadoda ukusukela ngo-1977 kunamathuba angama-60 okuba bosulelwe yi-HIV kunomyinge wabemi, amaxesha aphindwe ngama-800 kunabaxhasi bokuqala. , Kunye namawaka angama-8000 amaxesha amaninzi kunabaxhasi abaphindayo.^[12]

Kungenxa yomngcipheko okhulayo wosulelo lwe-HIV kunye nolunye usulelo, ngaphakathi amazwe aliqela, okona kunyamezelayo, kukho izithintelo ukuya kuthintelo olupheleleyo lwegazi, izicubu kunye nomnikelo wezinto ezenziwe ngamadoda enza unxibelelwano lobufanasini. Ezi zithintelo zichaphazela nabasetyhini ababelana ngesondo neMMSM.

Ngokwe-activist lesbian activist uCamilla Pali, "ENtshona, ngaphandle kwempembelelo eyonyukileyo yokuchasana noko, uGawulayo sisifo se-gay kwaye uyakuhlala enjalo kwikamva elibonakalayo.".^[13]

Umbhali wobungqingili kunye nesishoshovu sikaGawulayo uLarry Kramer uthe kwiphephandaba labathandana abathandanayo.

“Isifo sikagawulayo phakathi kwezitabane asiyi ndawo. Sitshintshile, kodwa akonelanga, kwaye ke ngoko inqanaba losulelo liyaqhubeka nokuhlala liphezulu. Yonke imizamo yethu yemfundo, "isondo elikhuselekileyo" kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zazingonelanga ukukhusela abantu abatshatileyo ukuba bangatshatyalaliswa ... Ngelishwa, ihlala iyimpikiswano engenakuphikiswa, yokuba thina ngokwethu sizise i-AIDS ngokwethu ngokukhuthaza le ndlela yobomi. Awukwazi ukukhetha ngokungafanelekanga kunye namaqabane amaninzi enza ngokufanayo ngaphandle kokusasaza esi sifo, esele sibulale iminyaka emininzi. Indalo ihlala ihlawulela ukuziphathela okubi ngokwesini ... Kodwa akukho mntu uthetha ngokuvakalayo, ngokucacileyo nangokungayeki: Yekani ukwenza ngokungxengxeza. Qala ngokuziphatha njengabantu abadala. Nokuba lelona xesha lihle kakhulu, umntu omdala akazukudlala iRussia roulette x ** mi ... Kufuneka senze inkcubeko entsha engazukubakho mda kakhulu kwaye sigxile ekuzimiseleni kwethu ngezinto zethu ezenziwayo kunye nezinto esizenzayo nabo. " (ULarry Kramer, "uKwabelana ngesondo kunye nokuThobela," uMmeli, i-1997)

Amanqaku

[1] UJeffrey Satinover. Ubufanasini kunye nePolitiki yeNyaniso... -Iincwadi zeBaker, 1996-02-01. - 424 iphe. -I-ISBN 9781441212931.

[2] UPaul Van de Ven, uPamela Rodden, uJuni Crawford, uSusan Kippax.Iprofayili yokuthelekisa kunye nesini samadoda amadala akhutheleyo abesilisa abathandanayo // Ijenali yoPhando ngezeSondo. "" I-1997-01-01. “Rў. I-34, РІС ‹Рї. 4. “RЎ. I-349 - "360.

[3] UMalcolm Gladwell.Ingcebiso: Ngendlela izinto ezincinci ezinokwenza ngayo umahluko omkhulu. "Mncinci, uBrown, 2006-11-01. "182 СX. -I-ISBN 9780759574731

[4] I-CDC: Iingxelo zokuhlolwa kweHIV, iv. I-27 - 28

[5] Brian W. Ward, James M. Dahlhamer, Adena M. Galinsky, uSara S. Joestl.Ukuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye nempilo phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US: Uvavanyo lodliwanondlebe lwezempilo lukazwelonke, 2013 // Iingxelo zeeNkcukacha-manani zeLizwe. "" I-2014-07-15. "R'S‹ Rї. 77. “RЎ. I-1 - "10. -ISSN 2164-8344.

[6] I-prophylaxis yangaphambili yokuvezwa kwi-EU / EEA. Ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ze-PrEP kunye nokubeka iliso: ubuncinci bemigangatho kunye nemigaqo ephambili (2018

[7]  Sonya S. Brady, Alex Iantaffi, Dylan L. Galos, BR Simon Rosser. Vula, Valiwe, okanye phakathi: Ulungelelwaniso lobuDlelwane kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweCondom phakathi kwamadoda asebenzisa i-Intanethi ukufuna isini naMadoda // uGawulayo kunye nokuziphatha. "" I-2013-5. “Rў. I-17, І І ї. 4. “RЎ. I-1499 - 1514

[8] UChristopher H. Rosik. Inkuthazo, i-Ethical, kunye neZiseko ze-Epistemological kunyango loNomdla weHomoerotic engafunekiyo (P ° P °RіR.) // Ijenali yoNyango loMtshato kunye neeNtsapho. "2003. - Umqu. I-29, ikhuphe. 1. - "P. 13" - 28.

[9] Abemi abaKhethekileyo – 2015 STD Treatment Guideline

[10] UStephen E. Goldstone. I-Ins kunye nokuThengwa kweSini esiniGay: Incwadana yezonyango yamadoda... Ngo-1999-hayi. 1. - P. 21 - ISBN: 0440508460

[11] UBrandon C. Yarns, uJanet M. Abrams, uThomas W. Meeks, uDaniel D. Sewell.Impilo yeNgqondo yaBantu abaDala be-LGBT // Iingxelo zangoku zeNgqondo. -I-2016-6. - T. 18, hayi. 6. - P. 60

[12] Iminikelo yegazi evela kuMadoda aBelana ngesondo naManye amadoda Imibuzo neempendulo. web.archive.org (27 KANYE „µµ І„Ђ ° °

[13] UCamille Paglia. IiVamp & Tramp: Iincoko ezintsha. Iqela lokushicilela le-Knopf Doubleday, 2011-08-31. "562 СX.

[14] Igram Kulu, "Isini kunye nokuqonda, "IGqwetha, i-1997