Uninzi lwezixhobo ezingezantsi zipapashwa kwingxelo yohlalutyo. "Iintsomi ezenziwa ngabantu abathandana abathandanayo kwaye zibhengeza ukukhanya kwesayensi". ikhonkco:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9
Iziphumo eziphambili
(1) Kukho isiseko esibonakalayo sobungqina obunamandla kunye nonyango lokuba umtsalane wesini ongathandekiyo unokupheliswa ngokufanelekileyo.
(2) Umbandela obalulekileyo wokusebenza kakuhle kunyango lwenyani kukuthatha inxaxheba komguli ngolwazi kunye nomnqweno wokutshintsha.
(3) Kwiimeko ezininzi, umtsalane wobungqingili, onokwenzeka ngexesha lokufikisa, unyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo kwinqanaba elivuthiweyo ngakumbi.
Intshayelelo
Unonophelo olukhethekileyo kubantu abafuna ukuphelisa umtsalane wobungqingili obungafunekiyo (i-NGV) ibizwa ngokuba yonyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, i-SOCE.1 okanye unyango olubuyisayo. Kwakhona, olo ncedo lubizwa ngokuba kukuhlengahlengisa, ukuguqula, ukuqinisa i-hetero okanye ukuphilisa kwakhona.
Kuba iinyani zeklinikhi malunga nokuchaswa okuphumelela komtsalane wobungqingili kunye notshintsho kubomi obuqhelekileyo abathandana besini ziyayijongela phantsi intsomi le "yokuzalwa" kunye "nokungaguquki" kobungqingili, ezakha zonke iingcinga zepolitiki zabelungu ababhinqileyo Akasebenzi nto kwaye unokuba yingozi, nakwabasebenza njengeharlatans kunye nabalandeli bezenkolo. Enye yematras rhoqo yokuhamba kwe "LGBT +" yingxelo yokuba uncedo lweengcali kuthiwa alunakukwazi ukuyiphelisa i-GBV. Le ngxelo ayisiyonyani.
Ukupheliswa kwe-NVG ngokusebenza neengcali
Kunyaka we-1973, ngaphandle kwe-egosyntonic (i.e. iyamkeleka isigulana) ubufanasini kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo, iAmerican Psychiatric Association epapashiweyo Uxwebhungokoku:
"... Iindlela zonyango zangoku zivumela indawo ebalulekileyo yamafanasini afuna ukutshintsha indlela abenza ngayo izinto ..." (I-Spitzer, i-1973).
Le ngxelo yavunywa yiNdibano yoMbutho, iKomiti yereferensi yayo kunye neBhodi yeTrasti- ibhunga eliqulathwe ngabantu abancinci abanenkululeko yokuvota abathi bavotela ubunye babo. I-APA yayikhokelwa ngu Umgaqo kaLeona TylerNgokweengxelo zokuba iingcali zengqondo kufuneka zisekwe kuphela kwidatha yesayensi kunye namava obuchwephesha. Njengoko owayengumongameli we-American Psychological Association, u-Nicholas Cummings, engqina, kufutshane iminyaka ye-90, umbutho wayishiya lo mgaqo ukukholisa i-ajenda yezopolitiko.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-2009, i-American Psychological Association ipapasha izikhokelo zonyango lonyango lwengqondo kunye nonyango, apho ixeliwe okulandelayo:
Ubungqina obutsha nje buxhasa ukuba ubufanasini bunokuguqulwa ngokuqinisekileyo kubathengi abanomdla, kwaye ukuzama ukunyanga kwakhona akuvelisi imvakalelo. "
(Kubalulekile i-Psychopathology kunye nonyango lwayo (2009), 3d ed. I-468,
Nangona kunjalo, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ngokugqwesa okungabonakaliyo, i-APA ipapasha ingxelo yokuba unyango olubuyisayo alunampumelelo (APA 2009) Yile ngxelo ukuba i-LGBT + abagqugquzeli bayibhekisa-iintshukumo kwiingxoxo malunga nokwenzeka kwesiphumo sonyango kumtsalane wobungqingili. Iqela lamalungu e-APA okwangamalungu e-Alliance for Therapeutic Choice organised organisation2, ukuphendula ingxelo ye-APA yakulo nyaka upapashe uphononongo lwengxelo ye-APA, edwelise ezo ntsilelo kwingxelo ye-APA njengokukhetha imithombo yolwazi (UPhelan 2009a, iphe. 45), usetyenziso olugwenxa lweekhrayitheriya zonyango olubuyayo (UPhelan 2009a, iphe. 48), ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho ephindwe kabini (UPhelan 2009a, iphe. 49), kunye nabanye.
Ke, yintoni ngokwenene ebonakalisiweyo kwingxelo ye-APA, ukuba uyayihlalutya ngononophelo? Isiphelo esi ngokubanzi yayikukugwetyelwa unyango olusemva njengelungasebenzi kwaye luyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujonga iphepha lokugqibela lesiphelo, ungabona iinyani ababhali bengxelo banyanzelwa ukuba baziqaphele ukuze baphephe ubuqhophololo, kodwa azibandakanyi ezi zibakala kumagqabaza abo kunye neenkcazo zentengiso:
"... Sifumanise ukuba iindlela ezingasasebenziyo kunye nezindlela zanamhlanje zonyango ezingemva azikaphandwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yesilinganiselo esilinganiselweyo sophando oluthembekileyo esingakwaziyo ukugqiba, asinakugqiba ukuba ngaba iindlela zala maxesha zonyango olusebenzayo ziyasebenza okanye hayi ... "(APA 2009, iphe. 43).
Zithini iingcali ze-APA ngokwahlukileyo? Isibakala sokuba bengafumani bungqina bucacileyo bokuba unyango oluyaphindayo alunampumelelo. Ababinayo idatha echanekileyo ukuze bafikelele kwisigqibo, nangona benze konke okusemandleni ukunciphisa, njengoko kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemida yohlalutyo lwesayensi, ukubaluleka kwendlela yezifundo ezingahambelani kutoliko olubi3. Ekugqibeleni, phakathi kwezibakala ezidweliswe kuxwebhu olunye lwe-APA, bukhona ubungqina bokuba unyango olubuyisayo - ngokwemeko phantsi kweemeko ezithile, eyona iphambili kuwo ngumnqweno wesigulana ukuba atshintshe - uyasebenza. Iintshutshisi ze-LGBT + -intshukumo zizama ukudibanisa umtsalane wesini esifanayo kunye ne-biology kunye ne-genetics, isithi ayikwazi ukutshintsha, kodwa esi sikhundla siyaphikisana neziphumo zezifundo ezahlukeneyo ezidweliswe kwingxelo ye-APA.
Cinga iikowuti ezivela kuxwebhu lwe-APA:
“… U-HE Adams no-Sturgis (1977) bahlalutye izifundo ezisixhenxe abazichaza njengezilawulwa ngokwendlela kwaye bafumanisa ukuba i-34% ye-179 yabantu inokwehla komtsalane wamafanasini…. Phakathi kwezifundo abazichaze njengeendlela ezingalawulekiyo, bafumanisa ukuba ukwehla komtsalane kubufanasini kwaphawulwa kuma-50% abantu abali-124 (iphe. 36)
-McConaghy (1976) wafumanisa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha samadoda aphulukana nerejimeni enye yonyango axele ukwehla komdla ngokwesondo emadodeni emva kweenyanga ze-6. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba lwaqaphela ukuncipha komdla wesondo kumadoda ngoko nangoko emva konyango (iphe. 3)
-I-McConaghy kunye ne-Barr (1973) ifumanise ukuba malunga nesiqingatha samadoda afumene unyango axele ukwehla kwe-drive yamafanasini (iphe. 38).
-I-Tanner (1975) ifumanise ukuba ngenxa yonyango, inqanaba lokulinganisa ubungqingili bokwehla ngokuphendula umnyinyiva obonakalayo (iphe. 38).
-Birk kunye noogxa bakhe (1971) bafumanise ukuba i-62% yamadoda aphathisiweyo abonisa ukwehla kwe-drive yamafanasini (iphe. 38).
-McConaghy kunye nabalingane (1981) baxela ukuba i-50% yabaphenduli bezonyango baxela umnqweno wesini emva kwe-1 ngonyaka (iphe. 38).
-Kwesinye isifundo, i-HE Adams kunye ne-Sturgis (1977) yaxela ukuba i-68% yabathathi-nxaxheba be47 baxele ukwehla kwe-drive yamafanasini (iphe. 37).
-McConaghy (1976) wafumanisa ukuba unyaka emva konyango, i-25% yamadoda iyeke ngokupheleleyo ukuba zizenzo zobungqingili, kwi-50% yamadoda amaxesha abo anciphile, kwaye i-25% yahlala ingaguqukanga (iphe. 38).
-Kwesinye isifundo, iMcConaghy kunye neBarr (1973) yaxela ukuba i-25% yamadoda afumana unyango anciphise imisebenzi yawo yesini esinye emva kwe1 ngonyaka (iphe. 38).
-I-Tanner (1975) ixele ukwehla okukhulu kwindlela eqhuba ngayo amafanasini ngenxa yonyango (iphe. 38).
-Bancroft (1969) uqaphele ukuba i-4 ye-10 yaphathwa ngamadoda yanciphisa imisebenzi yamafanasini ngexesha lokulandela. UFreeman and Meyer (1975) baxele ukuba i-7 yamadoda e-9 kwisifundo sawo ayeke ukwenza izinto zesini i18 kwiinyanga emva konyango (p. 38).
-Ngokutsho kolunye upapasho olunamatyala onyango kunye nophando olwenziweyo, kwabakho ukwehla okanye ukunyamalala kwemisebenzi yobufanasini kwabo bafumana unyango (Grey 1970; Huff 1970; B. James 1962, 1963; Kendrick & McCullough 1972; Larson 1970; LoPiccolo 1971; Segal & Sims 1972 (iphepha 39) ... "(APA 2009).
Ke, i-APA ayichazi kwisigqibo sayo sokuba unyango alusebenzi. Ukusebenza kwe-30-50% ibalulekile ngokwaneleyo kuyo nayiphi na indlela yophando, ukuba kuphela kukhuphela uphawu lwendlela enje ngokuba "lilize".
Ukongeza, i-NARTH yapapasha eyayo ingxelo kulo nyaka, Luluphi uPhando oluBonisa: Impendulo ye-NARTH kwi-American Psychological Association's (APA) Amabango ngobungqingili.UPhelan 2009b) Kule ngxelo, uphononongo kupapasho lwenziwe ngendlela yenkcazo yeemeko zeklinikhi ezivela kuqhelaniso, izilingo ezilawulwayo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwiminyaka elikhulu edlulileyo.
Ngapha kwe100 upapasho lolwimi lwesiNgesi oluchaza iziphumo eziphumeleleyo zonyango lokuphinda uboniswe kuboniswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
Umthombo |
Uhlobo lonyango |
Isiphumo |
UCarl Jung |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
Ucacise impatho eyimpumelelo yendoda yesoka |
UGordon 1930 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango oluyimpumelelo kwizigulana ezinobungqingili |
IStekel 1930 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango oluphumeleleyo lwezigulana ezine zesini |
Ezahlukileyo xnumx |
Iindlela ze-hypnosis |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango oluyimpumelelo lwamadoda amabini athandanayo |
|
UAllen 1952 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze impatho eyimpumelelo yamafanasini amabini, |
Unyango lwe-adaptation |
Ucacise impatho eyimpumelelo yendoda yesoka |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
Ucacise impatho ephucukileyo yabafazi abathandana abatshatileyo: "Uninzi lwezigulana zam zesini ezandulelayo zandixelela ixesha elide emva konyango ... ukuba ngekhe ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zibuyele kubungqingili»(P. 299) |
|
Eliasberg 1954 |
unyango lweqela |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angama-12, amafanekiso aphumeleleyo kwiimeko ze5 (42%) |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango oluphumeleleyo lwezigulana ezinobungqingili kwi100, ezifikelela kwi-33% yazo zonke iimeko zonyango |
|
Eidelberg apha I-Lorand xnumx |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
unyango oluphumelelayo lwezigulana ze-2 ezivela kwi-5 (40%) |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
unyango oluphumelelayo lwezigulana ze-40 (18 ♂, 12 ♀) |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
unyango oluphumelelayo lwezigulana zeXnumx |
|
unyango lweqela |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angamafanasini, ukuba yimpumelelo kwityala le-3 (1%) |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
unyango oluphumelelayo lwezigulana zeXnumx |
|
ukudityaniswa kwe |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
unyango oluphumelelayo lwesigulana esitshatileyo |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
Ucacise impatho eyimpumelelo yendoda yesoka |
|
Unyango lwe-psychodynamic kunye neendlela zokuhlangana ngokukhululekileyo |
unyango oluphumelelayo lwamadoda angama-xnumx amafanasini |
|
UFinny xnumx |
ukudityaniswa kwe |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwezigulana ze-113, impumelelo ephunyezwe kwi-44% |
|
Unyango lomntu nelaqela ngokwengqondo |
Ucacise impatho eyimpumelelo yendoda yesoka |
|
uqeqesho oluqinisekileyo |
ichaze unyango oluyimpumelelo lwamadoda athandana namanye amalungu e-xnumx |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwezigulana ze-106, impumelelo ephunyezwe kwi-27% |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwezigulana ze-45; |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango oluyimpumelelo lwamadoda angamafanasini |
|
indibaniselwano |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze ukunyangwa kwezigulana ze-150, impumelelo yaphunyelelwa kwi-30% yamadoda, i-50% yabasetyhini, naphakathi kwabaguli abaqhelekileyo - 90% |
|
UMayerson ngaphakathi I-xnumx emileyo |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-19, impumelelo iphumelele kwi-47% yeemeko |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angamafanasini, i-10 (3%) |
|
unyango lokuziphatha kunye |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-36, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-25 (69%) |
|
unyango lweqela |
ichaze unyango lwezigulana ze-32, impumelelo ephunyezwe kwi-38% |
|
Kaye xnumx, iphe. 633 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwabasetyhini abangamafanasini, impumelelo yaphumelela kwi-15 (8%) |
Iindlela ze-hypnosis |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
|
Iindlela ze-hypnosis |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
impumelelo ekunyangeni amadoda e-xnumx amafanasini |
|
Unyango lwengqondo kunye |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-Xnumx kwizigulana ezingatshatanga |
|
ukudityaniswa kwe |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe kulwenziwo |
|
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
UFreud 1968, iphe. 251 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
impumelelo ekunyangeni izigulana ze-2 ezivela kwi-4 (50%) |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwezigulana ze60, impumelelo yaphawulwa kwi-6 (10%) |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze impumelelo ekunyangeni izigulana ezingamafanasini |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
I-Lamberd 1969 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-Xnumx kwizigulana ezingatshatanga |
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze impumelelo kunye ne-Xnumx gay amadoda |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
Ucacise ukusebenza kwendlela ngokwakwenzayo, kodwa enganikanga manani |
|
Birk xnumx, iphe. 37 |
unyango lweqela |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-26, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-9 (35%) |
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
Bancroft ngaphakathi Uvutha xnumx |
iindlela zokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-15, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-5 (33%) |
Uyilo xnumx |
Unyango lwengqondo kunye |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
Ucacise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwendlela esekwe ngokwenziwa |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-149, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-49 (34%) |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-37% yamatyala |
|
Bieber ngaphakathi IKaplan 1971 |
unyango lweqela |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-40% yamatyala |
unyango lweqela |
uqaphele ukusebenza kwendlela ngokuthelekisa iqela lolawulo |
|
unyango lweqela |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-30% yamatyala |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-xnumx% |
|
unyango lweqela |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-6, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-2 (33%) |
|
UFeldman xnumx, iphe. 156 |
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angamafanasini, i-63 yeepesenti |
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-20, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-9 (42%) |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
Ucacise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwendlela esekwe ngokwenziwa |
|
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
Ucacise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwendlela esekwe ngokwenziwa |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
unyango lokuziphatha, unyango olungenelelayo |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-xnumx% |
|
ikhonkco amagcisa |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-xnumx% |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angamafanasini, i-10 yeepesenti |
|
Iindlela zokubonisa |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angamafanasini, i-3 yeepesenti |
|
Birk xnumx, iphe. 41 |
unyango lweqela |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-66, impumelelo iphumelele kwi-52% yeemeko |
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-xnumx% |
|
Iindlela zokuphelisa ubugqirha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-54, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-48 (89%) |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze ukusebenza kwendlela kumadoda angama-gN |
|
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-xnumx% |
|
Unyango olunenkani |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
Iindlela zokuphelisa ubugqirha |
ichaze unyango oluphumelele ngokupheleleyo kwi-11 ye-22 iimeko zamadoda athandana namanye (50%) |
|
UCallahan ungene I-Krumboltz 1976 |
ubuchule bokuphelisa ubugqwetha |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
iindlela zokucekisa inkqubo |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
I-Socarides 1978, iphe. 406 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze ukunyanga kwezigulana ze-44, impumelelo yaphumelela kwi-20 (45%) |
iindlela zokucekisa inkqubo |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
|
I-Bieber xnumx, iphe. I-Xnumx |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
Unyango oluchaziweyo olungaphezulu kwe-1000 kwizigulana ezingatshatanga; |
Birk ngaphakathi I-xnumx emileyo |
unyango lweqela |
ichaze unyango lwamadoda angamafanasini angama-14, impumelelo iphumelele kwizimo ze-10 (71%) |
indlela yokuziphatha |
ichaze ukunyanga kwamadoda angamafanasini, i-13 (8%) |
|
ICafiso 1983 |
Iindlela ze-hypnosis |
ichaze impumelelo nendoda athandana nayo |
Unyango wengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwe-101 isiguli, impumelelo yaphawulwa kwi-30%, ukuphuculwa - kwi-60% |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze unyango lwabasetyhini abangamafanasini, impumelelo iyaphawulwa kwi12% |
|
I-Berger 1994, iphe. 255 |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze impumelelo kwi-Xnumx kwizigulana ezingatshatanga |
I-Consiglio 1993 |
ukhathalelo lwamalusi |
ichaze inguqu epheleleyo yomsebenzi wobungqingili kwi-85% |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
Uhlalutyo lwamatyala onyango lwe-1215 kwizigulana ezingatshatanga, impumelelo yabonwa kwi-23%, kwaye kwi-84% iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zonyango zachongwa. |
|
ukhathalelo lwamalusi |
ichaze ukuba kwiqela labathathi-nxaxheba be140, kwi29% inguqu epheleleyo yomsebenzi wobungqingili yaphawulwa. |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo, ukhathalelo lwamalusi, uqeqesho |
Uchaze ukuba kwiqela lezigulana ze-882 (amadoda angama-689 kunye nabasetyhini be-193) kwi-34,3% yeemeko zotshintsho olugqibeleleyo kukodwa okanye phantse kubume bomtshato buqatshelwe. Ngaphambi kwonyango, i-67% ibonise umdla okhethekileyo wobungqingili; emva konyango, i-12,8%. |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ababhali ekuqaleni bazibekela iinjongo zesifundo ukufumana ukwenzakala kwonyango olubuyisayo. Umzekelo, iintengiso zokufumana amalungu zibekwe kwiimagazini zobungqingili phantsi kwesihloko esithiSincede Sibhale uxinzelelo! " Ababhali bachaze iqela lezigulana ze-202 (amadoda angama-182 kunye nabasetyhini be-20), apho i-12,9% ithathe inguqu kwinto eyenziwayo ibe yimpumelelo. |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
iphande iqela lezigulana ze-200 (amadoda angama-143 kunye nabasetyhini be-57) abaye baphinda bafumana unyango kwaye bayithathela ingqalelo iziphumo zabo njengempumelelo. Bonke abaphendulayo baqaphela ubukho bomtsalane wobungqingili, kwi-17% yamadoda kunye ne-54% yabasetyhini le ndlela yomtsalane yayihlukile. Ngaphambi konyango lwe-46, i-% yamadoda kunye ne-42% yabasetyhini babonisa kuphela umdla wesini, emva kwonyango-0%. |
|
Karten I-2006, ayishicilelwanga kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo yoontanga |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
iphande iqela lamadoda i-117 elifumana unyango oluvela emva. Ukwehla okukhulu komtsalane wobungqingili ukusuka kwi-4,81 ukuya kwi-2,57 kwisikali seKinsey kwaqatshelwa |
Cummings I-2007, ayishicilelwanga kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo yoontanga |
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
Ukuthetha kwinkomfa NGOKUXELAYO ixelwe kwi2005 ukuba kwi1959 - 1979 I-18000 yamafanasini yaguqukela kwiklinikhi yayo ineengxaki ezahlukeneyo, ezithi malunga ne1 600 ijolise ekutshintsheni inkambo yabo yokwabelana ngesondo. Ngexesha lonyango, uninzi lwezigulana lwangena kwiinguqu ezakhayo kwi-psyche, ngenxa yazo i-2400 yazo yaba yinto eyodwa. |
ukhathalelo lwamalusi |
Ucacise ukuba kwiqela labathathi-nxaxheba be-73 kwi-15% ukuncipha okukhulu kwi-drive yobungqingili kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kwi-heterosexual drive kuqatshelwe |
|
Unyango ngokwengqondo |
ichaze iqela lamadoda i-30, ekuthi kuwo emva kokugqitywa kunyango, kwaqatshelwa: Umtsalane ngokwesondo ngokukodwa kubantu besini esahlukileyo- I-23% (0% ngaphambi konyango), ikakhulu kubantu besini esahlukileyo - 17% (0% ngaphambi konyango), apho ke isidanga esiya kwabesini esahlukileyo yi-10% (0% ngaphambi konyango). |
Ukushwankathela ubungqina obukhoyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, singathi ngokomyinge wesithathu sabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwi-psychodynamic reparative therapy baxela ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo komtsalane wobungqingili kunye nokwakhiwa komtsalane kubantu besini esahlukileyo, isithathu - utshintsho olubalulekileyo ekutsaleni umdla wobungqingili kunye nokuphucuka ngokubanzi kwempilo yengqondo kunye umsebenzi wentlalo, kunye nengxelo yesithathu ukusilela kweziphumo. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu kunyango oluphumelelayo lonyango ngumnqweno wesigulana, ukwazi izizathu zomtsalane wakhe kwezesondo kunye neemfuno zesiseko esiziimvakalelo.
Amaziko onyango aseNtshona aphikisana nonyango lokutsala abantu besini esifanayo bengafuni ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba "lunokuba yingozi", bakhohlisa uluntu ngokungachazi ukuba:
(1) bonke Iinkonzo zonyango lwezengqondo zazo zonke iingxaki zobuqu nezabantu zinokuba yingozi
(2) Isayensi ebophelelekayo ayikabonisanga ukuba umngcipheko wokwenzakala kunyango lwe-drive engafunekiyo yesini esinye, kuyafana, okanye ungaphantsi komngcipheko walo naluphi olunye unyango lwengqondo. (Sutton 2015
Uphando bonisaukuba phantse i-5-10% yezigulana ezifumana unyango lwengqondo inokuba neziphumo ezibi - oko kukuthi, imeko yabo ikukubi. Izinto ezichaseneyo nezonyango zibandakanya umgangatho ophantsi wobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ukunyamezeleka okuncinci kunexhala, ukunyusa okuphantsi, njl.
Ukupheliswa okuzenzekelayo komtsalane wobufanasini
Emva konyaka we-1916, uFreud kwincoko yakhe "uLeonardo da Vinci: Uhlolisiso lweSini seNgqondo yeNgqondo yokuBhubha kwabantwana" waphawula:
"... Ngokujonga ngokuthe ngqo amatyala awodwa, siye sakwazi ukubonisa ukuba indoda ebonakala ikwazi ukuphendula kuphela kwisisulu sendoda iyaphendula inyusa inkanuko yabasetyhini, njengaye nawuphi na umntu oqhelekileyo, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye ebeka imincili yakhe kwinto yamadoda ..." (UFreud 1916, I-III: 14).
Olu luqwalaselo luxhaswe kuphando lwamva (Izaqhwithi xnumx, I-Tolman kunye neDayimane ngo-2014)
Kunyaka we-1992, uSheterter wachaza imeko yotshintsho olwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwizenzo zobungqingili ukuya kwisini esingafaniyo nesinye kwindoda eyaqhubeka nonyango lwe psychoanalytic, kodwa ingeyiyo i-NVH, kodwa ngesinye isizathu (I-Shechter 1992) Indoda iyeka ubudlelwane neqabane layo lobufanasini, layeka ukusebenza kwabantu besini esinye, yakhulisa iminqweno yesini kunye nabasetyhini. Emva kokuba eqale ubudlelwane besini kunye nomntu wasetyhini, wachaza imeko yakhe ngala mazwi:
“… Andinako ukuzikhupha kuye kwaye uyayithanda! ... Ngaba umntu onjengam, ngequbuliso angathandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo? ... "(I-Shechter 1992, iphe. 200).
Abaphandi uMichael kunye namaqabane akhe kunyaka we-1994, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo lwesifundo esikhulu, bafumanisa ukuba, kubantu abathile, umtsalane wobungqingili unakho, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphandle kokubhenela kunyango olubuyisayo, ukuba ngohlobo olulodwa (UMichael 1994).
Unjingalwazi uLiam Diamond, ophanda ngengqondo yobudala, olilungu lekomiti yeengcali ze-APA, ongazifihli izinto azithandayo, washwankathela iziphumo zomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu kudliwanondlebe noNzululwazi oMtsha:
"Ukwabelana ngesondo kuyatshintsha ... kufuneka samkele inyani yokuba isini singatshintsha" (I-Grossman xnumx)
Kwinqaku leJenali yoPhando ngezeSondo, uDayimane washwankathela uphando lwezenzululwazi, ngokokutsho kwe-26 - 45% yamadoda kunye ne-46-64% yamanina anika ingxelo yotshintsho kwi-sex drive kwithuba lexesha (ukusuka kwi3 ukuya kwiminyaka ye-10), uninzi lwayo Ukunikezela ingxelo ngenguquko, uxele ngenguquko kwi-heterosexuality. (Diamond 2016).
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokuchasene neenkcazo zabasasazi be-LGBT, ubume benkanuko yesini bunokutshintsha bobabini ubungqingili kunye nobungqingili. Amatyala abantu abathandanayo abathandanayo abatshatileyo abatshatileyo ukuthobeka kunye nokuzonwabisa ngolwalamano oluqhelekileyo ngokwesondo (I-Krafft-Ebing 1909), ngokungafikeleleki kwexesha elide kweqabane lesini esahlukileyo, kunye nesiphumo skunyekisa (UMeijer 1993) Iinyani zebhayoloji zeenjongo ngokungathandabuzekiyo zibonisa ukuba imizimba yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezinokwabelana ngesondo yenzelwe ubudlelwane bengafani nobungqingili. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izilwanyana eziphakamileyo, ezibandakanya abantu, zinamandla okwenza isenzo sesondo kwiimeko ezithile ezihamba ngaphaya kwesakhelo se-heteronormatiati yemvelo, kungekuphela ngesini sabo, kodwa kunye nazo naziphi na izinto zesini ngokubanzi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ubunjani nobukrelekrele bemibono engamanyala yomntu buchaza ubukhulu bakheImali kunye neTucker 1975, Izaqhwithi xnumx)
Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zibonise ukuba umtsalane wobungqingili uzinze ngakumbi kumaxesha e-25 kunokuba ungqingili. Abaphandi uSavein-Williams kunye noReam baqhuba ukujonga ixesha elide kweqela labantu abafikisayo kwiminyaka yobudala ye-17 kwaye bavavanya indlela ezitshintsha ngayo iimpawu zokuphuhliswa kwezesondo. Bafumanise ukuba kwi-75% yabakwishumi elivisayo ababonisa umdla wobungqingili kuyo nayiphi na iminyaka ye-17-21 iminyaka, kamva ngokukhethekileyo umdla ongafaniyo wesini esahlukileyo uphuhlisiwe, ngelixa i-98% yabakwishumi elivisayo ebonisa umtsalane wobungqingili ihlala ikamva (USavin-Williams 2007).
U-Whitehead no-Whitehead's (2007) bagqibezela uphononongo oluneenkcukacha ngezifundo zika-Savin-Williams noReam (2007), uMichael kunye noogxa bakhe (1994), nabanye, kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba kwezinye iimeko umdla wabantu abathandana abathandanayo baba yindoda eyodwa ngaphandle kempembelelo (I-Whitehead 2007)
Kuphononongo olwenziwe ngu-Ott kunye noogxa bakhe (2011) ngenxa yohlalutyo lweqela lolutsha lwe13 840, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-66% yabo bathi “abaqinisekanga” kwizinto abazithandayo xa besabelana ngesondo kamvaOtt xnumx).
Kwakhona, uhlalutyo lweemeko zotshintsho oluzenzekelayo oluvela kwinto efanasini ukuya kwisini esahlukileyo, efumaneka kuncwadi lwejenali, lwenziwa e2007 eSorba (I-Sorba xnumx, iphepha 61 - 73).
Ukunyanga iingcali kunye namabali onyango oluphumelele lwe-NGV
I-1956 yingcali yengqondo yengqondo yexesha lakhe Edmund Bergler wabhala oku kulandelayo:
"Iminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, eyona nto inokunikelwa sisayensi yayikukuxolelanisa nobufanasini" nekamva lakhe ", ngamanye amagama, ukupheliswa kweemvakalelo zokuziva unetyala. Amava akutshanje ophando lwengqondo kunye nophando luye lwangqina ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba imeko engenakuphikiswa yamafanasini (ngamanye amaxesha ade abhekiswe nakwizinto ezingekhoyo zebhayiloji kunye neemeko zehomoni) eneneni lulwahlulo olunokulungiswa lonyango lwe-neurosis. Ukuphelelwa lithemba kwexesha elidlulileyo kuyanyamalala ngokuthe ngcembe: namhlanje unyango lwengqondo olunokunyanga ubufanasini ”... Ngaba singabunyanga bonke ubufanasini? - Hayi. Izinto ezifuneka kuqala zifuneka, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngumnqweno wobufanasini ukuba utshintshe ...
Ukuqala nje, le ngxaki yokulala ngesondo idityaniswa rhoqo kunye nokuzibhubhisa ngokungazenzisiyo, okuzibonakalisa ngaphandle kwendawo yesondo, kuba igubungela bonke ubuntu. Olona tshaba lomntu wesini esifananayo ayisiyo ubugqwetha bayo, kodwa kukungazi kwakhe ukuba unokuncedwa, kunye nokubona kwakhe ngengqondo, okumenza ukuba aphephe unyango. Oku kungazi kuxhaswa ziinkokheli zesini ... "(I-Bergler 1956).
Unjingalwazi kwezengqondo, uNikolai Vladimirovich Ivanov (1907 - 1976), omnye wabasunguli bezesondo, uchonge izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zonyango ezinomdla wokutsala umdla wabantu abathandana nabo: (1) isimo sengqondo sesigulana- ngaba siyamelana nomtsalane, ngaba siyayazi into yaso, Ngaba iyalindela imo yentlalo kwimeko ekuyekiswe umda ekutsaleni? (2) ubukho besigulana ngamava obufanasini - le meko yathathelwa ingqalelo ngu-N. V. Ivanov njengesigqibo. Ukuba isigulana yindoda okanye intombi, kunye nomtsalane wobungqingili kuseyiphupha kwaye ubudlelwane obuthambileyo - inkqubo engxamisekileyo yengqondo iyafuneka, eya kuthembisa ngokuqinisekileyo, ekhokelela ekubuyiseleni ngokupheleleyo ekutsaleni umdla wobungqingili; (3) iqela lezinye izinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle eziphembelela isigulana - ukuqonda kwesigulana ngalo mzuzu wokuguqukela (umzekelo, umbono oluluqilima ngesondo ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okufumana ubungqingili ngaphambi kokuqala kokufikisa, ngamanye amagama ukulungiswa ngokwesondo); Uvakalise ukugula kwengqondo yomntu ophila ngobungqingili okanye amava obufanasini, ubukho bomtsalane wesini esifanayo, njl. njl.Ivanov 1966, iphe. 134).
Unjingalwazi Ivanov uthathe "umgaqo-siseko" okanye indlela yokuziphatha njengezinto ezithintela unyango olusemva (kodwa apha, ngokoluvo lwezengqondo, akukho mfuneko yokwala unyango); ithemba “lepilisi” (ngokommangaliso); ukuthandabuza isiguli (oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, ukungafuni ukutshintsha).
Kuzo zonke ezi meko, u-Ivanov ucebisa ukuba isigulana sibengcono "saliwe ngokupheleleyo kunyango, ecacisa ukuba akanaso isidingo sangaphakathi sokuba ahlukile, cebisa ukuba isigulana sibuyele kugqirha xa ubomi buye bube buthathaka kwaye buza umbuzo obuhlungu wokungabi nakho ukuqhubeka. Ubukho bento egwenxa, xa egqibile ukuba aphulukane nobulwelwe bakhe ”(Ivanov 1966, iphe. 134).
Umfundi we-Ivanov, uGqr. Yan Genrikhovich Goland, usebenzise umbono katitshala kuphuhliso lwendlela ehambelanayo yokunyanga umdla wabantu abathandana nabo, abesebenzisa ngempumelelo kude kube namhlanje. Unyango lubandakanya amanyathelo amathathu:
I-1) ukudalwa kwesithuba sendlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo apho imeko-bume yokungakhathali kwabantu besini sabo iphuhliswa khona;
I-2) ukwakhiwa komtsalane wobuntu bomfazi kunye nomtsalane kuye.
I-3) ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nomntu obhinqileyo, ukudityaniswa koqhelaniso.
IGoland yamkela unyango kuphela kwabo bafanasini ababonisa umnqweno onyanisekileyo wokuphelisa umdla wabo wobungqingili, kwaye yazisa malunga nempumelelo yonyango olusondela kwi-100%.
Umphengululi waseMelika uJeffrey Satinover uyavumelana nale datha, ngokoku, kwiqela elikhethwe ngononophelo ngabantu abakhuthazwayo, inqanaba lokunyanga okuphumelelayo lisondele kwi-100%, ngelixa kwisampuli yokuchasana, isiphumo esiphumelelayo simalunga ne50% (I-Satinover xnumx, iphe. 51).
Ugqirha wezengqondo waseMelika UJoseph Nicolosi (I-1947 - 2017) iphuhlise indlela esebenzayo yonyango lwangasemva, ngokusekwe kwinto yokuba umdla wabantu abathandana besini esinye sisiphumo sokona kubizwa ngokuba "kukungabikho kwesazisi ngokwesini" okubangelwa kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwisini esinye, ukungabikho kwenkxaso evela kubazali kunye noontanga ekwenziweni kwesazisi ngokwesini. ukulingwa luluntu (UNicolosi 1991, 1993, 2009) UNicolosi upapashe inani lamaphepha enzululwazi kupapasho oluhlolwe ngokutsha koontanga.4.
Isazi ngengqondo saseSpain u-Elena Lorenzo Rego5 ukunceda ngempumelelo abantu abathandana abatshatileyo abafuna uncedo. Kwindlela aziqhelanisa nayo, sele elikho inani elibonakalayo lokupheliswa kobomi bobufanasini kunye notshintsho kulwalamano nomntu wesini esahlukileyo (IPortaluz 2014).
Omnye woochwephesha abaphambili abathetha isiRashiya kunyango lwe-NGV eMpuma Yurophu ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo zaseKiev kunye nophando lwezesondo uNjingalwazi Garnik Surenovich Kocharyan.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ukutyhilwa kwabantu abaninzi abaye bayishiya ngempumelelo indlela yabo yokuphila yobungqingili kwaye benza umtsalane wesini esahlukileyo bapapashwa. Umzekelo, u-W. Aaron wabhala kwincoko yakhe ye-autobiographical:
"... Kwiminyaka engama-20 ndandingumlingani wesini (...) namhlanje, kwiminyaka emininzi kamva (...) ndiphila ubomi bobufanasini kwaye ndiyonwabele ..." (UAron 1972, iphe. 14).
Eminye imizekelo inikezelwe kwimisebenzi. Iirki (1995), Worthen (1984), I-Konrad (1987), I-Comiskey (1988), UJudkins (1993). I-Breedlove (1994), eyomeleleyo (1994), UDavies (1993), Igolide (2008), IPabon (2015), UBaley (xnumx), I-glatze (2007). Malunga nemizekelo ye-100 ye-autobiographical yemizekelo yokwala ngokuphumelelayo ubufanasini inikwe kwincwadi ethi Voices of hope: I-Holy Perspecadors yemihla yokuGqibela kwi-Same-Gender Attraction-Anthology ye -fundiso zeVangeli kunye neeNzolo zobuqu (2011) (Mansfield xnumx).
Ubungqina obuninzi kunye nokutyhilwa kuqokelelwe kumasayithi oluntu ahlanganisa abantu abaphumelela ukurhoxisa umtsalane wobungqingili kunye nendlela yokuphila yobungqingili, umzekelo, "Tshintshiwe»,«Iintshukumo zenguqu»,«Imiyalezo yeThemba"Kwaye"Ilizwi labangenanto».
Intsomi malunga nonyango lweAversive Therapy
Kwi- "LGBT +" - i-rhetoric ejolise ekulahleleni unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, intsomi ethi, ngaphambili, de ii-1970s, amafanasini aphathwe ngokukodwa ngokudlulisela amandla ombane ngengqondo, abambe indawo ebonakalayo. Uhlala uve iikhampasi kunye novelwano olujolise ekuvuseleleni uvelwano phakathi kwabemi abangenalwazi bembali, njengangaphambili abantu abanomnqweno wokuthandana nobungqingili baphoswa ngenkani phantse kwisihlalo sombane.
Obu buxoki. Yenzelwe ukoyikisa kunye nokuhlahlisa abo bafanasini abazama ukufumana ithuba lokususa i-NGV. Le ngxelo ingentla (UPhelan 2009b) ibonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba amadoda kunye nabasetyhini abanomdla ekupheliseni i-NVH bayifezekisile injongo yabo ngaphandle kokudlula ngombane ngengqondo. Kwi-1970's, le yayiyinyani eyaziwayo yesayensi, eyabhala ngokukhululekileyo ngayo imithombo yezindaba.
Umzekelo, inqaku elikwiphephandaba I-New York Times elivela kunyaka we-1971 elinesihloko esithi "Abantu abaninzi abathandana nabantu abathandana nabantu besini esinye bayancedwa ukuba batshintshe ubungqingili" bathetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango - psychodynamics, unyango lweqela, indlela edibeneyo, njl njl.
"… Besebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, iingcali zonyango ziye zafumanisa ukuba abantu abathandana besisini esinye abazimisele ukutshintsha indlela abajonga ngayo ngokwesondo banamathuba amahle okuphumelela. Ukongeza, iingcali zonyango zixele ukuba ziye zanceda ama-25-50% ezigulana zabo ukuba baphumelele ekulungisweni ngokwesini, nokuba bayintoni na ubudala babo okanye inkuthazo yabo yokuqala (...) Iindlela zonyango zivela kunyango lwendabuko lwengqondo ukuya kunyango lwe-psychotherapy, unyango lweqela, unyango lokuziphatha, kunye nayo nayiphi na indibaniselwano yezi. (…) [UGqirha Lawrence] uHatterer uzama ukunceda abaguli bakhe baqonde imvelaphi yokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesini ngokujonga ubudlelwane bosapho kunye namava obuntwana. Kwangelo xesha, uzama ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana besisini esinye ngokusebenza nezigulana zakhe ukuchonga kunye nokuthintela izinto zobomi ezixhokonxa iziqendu zobufanasini, kwaye azithabathele indawo ngesini esahlukileyo kunye nobudlelwane. Unokuthi, umzekelo, acebise ukuba isiguli siyeke ukutyelela imivalo yamafanasini kwaye siye kwimivalo rhoqo endaweni yoko, okanye sithathe indawo yamanyala nemifanekiso yamadoda enemifanekiso yabasetyhini.
Ugqirha uthe isigulana esineminyaka eyi-30 senza ulungiso lobufazi kwiinyanga ezintathu zonyango. Indoda engenamava angafaniyo nobungqingili bayo yaqala unyango sele ikukuzibulala, yahlukana nendoda awayehlala nayo iminyaka emibini. "Emva nje kweeseshini ezisithoba ze-45 kunye ne-27 zimamele ezirekhodiweyo, le ndoda ibibandakanyeke kwaye igcinwe ubudlelwane obuphumelelayo bezokwabelana ngesondo kunye nomlingane wayo izihlandlo ezininzi ngeveki," utshilo uGqr. Hatterer.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunyango kukwazisa isigulana ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba ngandlela thile sincede ingxaki yakhe.
Kwiziko le-Behahlangual Therapy kwiYunivesithi yaseTempileni, uGqirha Joseph Walp kunye nabalingane bakhe bazama ukunyanga abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo ngokukodwa ngokuguqula indlela abasabela ngayo besebenzisa iindlela zokuziphatha.
"Ukuhlaselwa ngeendlela ezintathu" kuchaphazela amafanasini ukoyika ukudibana nabantu basetyhini, ukutsala kwabo amadoda, kunye noloyiko lwabo ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu. Umzekelo, ukuphelisa uloyiko malunga nabasetyhini, isigulana singena kwimeko yokuphumla okunzulu kwaye emva koko sazise abantu basetyhini. Ukucima umdla wabo wesini emadodeni, abaguli bakwaphantsi koxinzelelo "olunje" njengokukhanya kombane ngelixa bebonisa imifanekiso yamadoda ahamba ze ... "(Broody xnumx).
Ke, nantsi ke - ukukhankanywa kwamandla ombane! Kwenzeka ntoni kanene?
Kwamayeza, ikhona nyani indlela yonyango njengokudlulisa umbane ngokusebenza kwengqondo yesigulana kwi-0.1 ukuya kwimizuzwana ye-1- ibizwa ngokuba yi-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Le ndlela iphakanyisiwe kwi-1938 kunyango olunzima lokuphazamiseka kwengqondoUWilson 2017) I-ECT isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje ukunyanga iingxaki zengqondo ezahlukileyo apho ezinye iintlobo zonyango zingenazo iziphumo ezifunwayo. Njengoko kuphawuliwe kuphengululo kwijenali ehlaziyiweyo yoontanga Clinical Psychopharmacology kunye Neuroscience:
"Unyango lwe-electroconvulsive yindlela evavanywa ixesha elide yokunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Kumashumi eminyaka, indlela ye-ECT ifumene inani lokuphucula. Ngaphandle kokugxekwa kakhulu, i-ECT isasetyenziswa rhoqo kwezonyango ... "(I-Singh kunye noKumar Kann 2017).
Okwangoku, malunga nezigulana ze-1 ezigidigidi ngonyaka ziguqukela kunyango lwe-electroconvulsive kunyango izifo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo kunye ne-neurological, zihlala zixinene kakhulu, ikatatonia kunye ne-manic syndrome. Njengoko i-BBC Psychology ibhala:
"... Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive linceda abaguli kwi-80% yamatyala - kodwa ibala elinxulunyaniswa nale ndlela libonisa ukuba i-ECT ayincedi bonke abantu ukuba inganceda ..." (URiley 2018)
Ewe kunjalo, kukho ingxoxo eshushu malunga nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, kunye nokuziphatha kunye neenqobo zokuziphatha ze-ECT. Kodwa azichaphazeli isihloko - I-ECT ayikaze isetyenziswe ngokusemthethweni kunyango lobufanasini.
Imifanekiso eyoyikisayo yokuxinezeleka kwabantu abatyhola ukungcitshwa kombane kunye nezalathiso kumfanekiso kaJack Nicholson wemovie "Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya phezu kweCestkoo's Nest" yonyaka we-1975, eyayigcwele izibonelelo ze "LGBT +" - intshukumo kwisihloko sonyango - ayinanto yakwenza nomcimbi.
Ukukhwankqiswa kombane okukhanya okuchazwe kwinqaku elingezantsi kwiNew York Times kunxibelelene nendlela yokunyanga umntu ongena kuyo. Unyango olwahlukileyo aluyiyo unyango lwe-electroconvulsive. Unyango olungenantlonelo, amandla ombane awadluliswanga kwingqondo yesigulana.
Unyango oluphambili, olusekwe kwimeko yakudala kaPavlov, lubandakanyeka ekwenziweni komnqweno wokungafuneki kwinqanaba lesimo sokubonisa imeko. Le ndlela yayisetyenziselwa ngokuzithandela ukulahla iziyobisi, i-phobias, ubundlobongela, ukuphazamiseka ngokwesondo kunye ne-spasms (McGuire kunye Vallance 1964) Oku kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa isithukuthezi esingafunekiyo (icuba, iingcinga zesondo, iphonografi, njl. Njl.) Kunye neemvakalelo ezingathandekiyo (iintlungu, isicaphucaphu, uloyiko, njl. Njl.). Umbane okwangoku uveliswa sisixhobo esisebenza kwibhetri ye-9-volt, apho isiguli ngokwaso sibeka inqanaba lokukhupheka elinyamezelayo kuye, esinikezelwa nge-cuff electrode ukuya kwindawo ye-biceps okanye indawo esezantsi yomlenze (ngaphandle kwendawo yokuzala).
Le yayiyindlela yokunyanga ngokugwenxa eyayisetyenziswa ngemvume yezigulana ukuba isuswe i-HBV. Ngeminyaka ye-70, unyango lokuziphatha luye lwafumana ukuthandwa okubanzi, kunye nezixhobo ezinqabileyo zemipu zathengiswa nokuba zisetyenziselwa ikhaya.
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo, unyango olunqabileyo olunamandla ombane alusetyenziswa namhlanje kunyango lwe-NGV ngenxa yeempazamo ezininzi ezinxulumene nokungazinzi kwesiphumo. Unyango olugqibeleleyo lubhekisa kunyango lwehambo, ethi, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, lujongana nokuziphatha kuphela - i.e. iimpawu zangaphandle zengxaki. Ukusombulula iingxaki ngokusekwe kwezona zinto ziphambili zengqondo (njengakufanasini), ukusebenza kwayo akunakulindeleka ukuba kuthathe ixesha elide, kuba umsebenzi awujoliswanga ekupheliseni unobangela, kodwa ekucinezeleni ukubonakalisa kwayo. Iimpawu ezixhasayo ezinemeko ethile zivela phantsi kweemeko ezithile kwaye zinyamalale ukungabikho kwabo. Ke, ukuze kugcinwe imeko yokuhlala iphantsi kohlobo oluthile lokuvuselela amandla athile kuqiniso oluthile, ukuqiniswa rhoqo kwangaphambili kuyimfuneko. Ukungabikho kokuqiniswa okucwangcisiweyo, ukupheliswa kwecala eliyi-Reflex kuya kuqikelelwa. Ke, uvavanyo lwe-1968 lonyaka lubonise ukuba njengesiphumo sonyango olugwenxa lokuphambuka ngokwesini, ukuphucuka kwenzeka kwi-23 yamatyala e-40 (57%), kodwa xa kuhlolwa unyaka kamva kwavela ukuba impumelelo epheleleyo igcinwe kuphela kwiimeko ze-6 (15%) (IBancroft kunye neeMark 1968) Amanqanaba okuphuculwa kwama-transvestites, ama-fetishists, kunye ne-sadomasochists ayephezulu, iziphumo zazingenamtsalane kubantu abathandana abathandanayo, kwaye ziphantsi kakhulu kubantu be-transgender. Ukuthelekisa, abaguli abagqibileyo izifundo zonyango lwe-pshododynamic bahlala bodwa kwaye kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva (IBieber kunye neBieber 1979, iphe. 416).
Unyango olugqibeleleyo luyinxalenye yemigangatho yonyango lwe-Federal kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga inani leengxaki. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwonyango olunamandla okunyanga kusenokwenzeka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukuze kufezekiswe ezona ziphumo zizinzileyo kwaye zizinzileyo, kunqweneleka ukuba zenziwe kunye nezinye iindlela zengqondo.
Kumele kuqatshelwe ukuba abaphembeleli bombutho we- "LGBT +", abafuna ukuthintela zonke iindlela zokunyanga umdla ongafunekiyo, bhekisa "kwizoyikiso kunye nokuthuthunjiswa" kusithiwa bahlupheke ngabantu abathi batyhola olo nyango. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwetyala lokungavunyelwa kwonyango lwenkundla e-US e-2013, ubungqina buka-Briel Goldani (indoda eyayisebenza ngenkqubo yezonyango kunye neyomthetho yokutshintsha ukuba ngumfazi) yavakala. Ngokwale bungqina, xa wayeneminyaka eyi-13 (1997 ngonyaka), abazali bakhe bamthumela ngenkani kwinkampu yokulungisa ubufanasini “ebizwa ngokuba yi-True Directions” eOhio, apho abantwana banyanzeliswa ukuba baye kwiinkonzo zecawa ezinenzondo kwaye baphinde baphinde babonane ngemifanekiso yobungqingili. , banikwa amalungiselelo emicalra ye-emetic kwaye ii-elektrodi zangoku zafakwa ezandleni zabo kwiiyure ezimbini. Kuyavakala ukuba yoyikeka kwaye iyothusa: "Inkampu yama-gay yamaKristu."
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuhlolwa kakuhle, akukho bungqina obuxhasa uGoldani otyholwayo, akukho namnye omnye wabantwana ekuthiwa ufumana unyango kule nkampu, isheke lomtshutshisi alizange liqinisekise ubukho benkampu enjalo. Indawo ekuphela kwayo apho "inkampu yokubuyiselwa kwezesini" ebizwa ngokuba yi "True Directions" yayikho ... ifilimu yaseHollywood ka-1999, eyayikhokelwa ngumlawuli wezobungqingili, owayedlala iRuPaul eyaziwayo.Doyle 2013; I-Sprigg 2014) Ngokwemvelo, akukho zityholo zaziswa ngokuchasene necala likaGoldany.
Omnye umzekelo ofanayo unxulumene nomlingani ongowesibini uSamuel Brinton, otyhola abazali bakhe ngokuthi "bambetha ngobufanasini" esengumntwana, bamthumela kwinkampu "yokulungiswa" efanayo, apho "waxhonywa ngenaliti ezincinci phantsi kwezipikili zakhe, Ndidlulise igesi yombane, ndifaka iqhekeza kunye nezifudumezo ezishushu kwizitho zangasese ngelixa ubukele imifanekiso yobufanasini. " Ukunikezela (ukuhlawulelwa) udliwanondlebe lodliwanondlebe, uBrinton waya ekhula ngakumbi, kwaye iinkcukacha zentuthumbo yobuntu yaya isiba mandundu ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshekishwa kwamazwi akhe, avela nakwabanye abaphembeleli baka "LGBT +", khange abhengeze kwanto enokuqinisekisa into ebeyithethile - endaweni yoko, izinto ezininzi eziphikisanayo neziyinyani zifunyenwe (I-Sprigg 2014).
Obu buxoki obungenanjongo yenzelwe ukoyikisa kunye nokukhupha abo bafanasini abaqala ukukhangela iindlela zokuphelisa umtsalane wabo wesini esifanayo, ebathintelayo ekukhokeleni ubomi obugcweleyo (kwaye zininzi). Obu buxoki bunokubulala: phantse bonke abantu abathandana nobungqingili baxela ukuba iingcinga zabo zokuzibulala zavela kungekuko kwimvelo, kodwa ngenxa yokuzingca kunye neemvakalelo zabo. ukungabi nathembakuba babeqinisekile ukuba abanandlela yakutshintsha.
Into yokuba abantu abakhuthazwayo bekwazi ukwahlukana ngokusisigxina nobufanasini kwaye baba yinto engafaniyo nejongela phantsi eyona nto iphambili kuyo, kukuba ubungqingili yindlu yangaphakathi kunye nengaguqukiyo, njengobuhlanga, kwaye ke abatshisekisi be-LGBT abayideleli neyintsomi engenangqondo.
Amanqaku
I-1 yesiNgesi: "imizamo yokutshintsha isondo" - "imizamo yokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo"
I-2 Owayesakuba nguMbutho weSizwe kuPhando kunye nonyango lokungatshatiswa kwabantu besini esinye (NARTH)
I-3 kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa eyona miqobo ingqongqo yokusebenza kakuhle, ungazihoyi iimeko zonyango ezizodwa zonyango olusebenzayo, kodwa uthathele ingqalelo iimeko ezifanayo zesiphumo esingesihle, njl.
4 https://www.josephnicolosi.com/published-papers/
I-Xnumx Elena Lorenzo Rego
Ulwazi olongezelelekileyo
Ulwazi olongezelelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zingafumaneka kule mithombo ilandelayo:
- https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#WitnessesUPhelan JE, et al. Yintoni eKuboniswa ngoPhando: Impendulo yeNARTH kwiBango le-APA ngobuSini obuNgafaniyo Ingxelo yeKomiti yeeNgcebiso zeSayensi ka-t.yena uMbutho weSizwe woPhando kunye noNyango lobufanasini. Ijenali Yokwabelana Ngesondo Kwabantu. I-2009b; Umthamo 1.
- Ngomhla ka-AD, uPhelan JE Izibakala kunye neNtsomi kwiindlela zobuGcisa zokuGqibela ekuNyangeni zokuBoniswa kwabantu abangaBalingani abangafunekiyo. I-Alliance yoNyango lweNyango kunye noNyango lweSayensi, i-2005.
- Indawo yengcali yokunyanga ihemotherapy: https://iftcc.org/
- Indawo yabantu abanomdla wesini esifanayo, abakwaziyo ukwenza utshintsho: https://changedmovement.com/
- Ubungqina beenguqu: https://www.voicesofthesilenced.com/#Witnesses
Imithombo esebhayibhileni
- Goland Ya .. G. Kwinqanaba lokwakhiwa kwe-psychotherapy yamadoda amafanasini // Iingxaki zesondo zale mihla (ukuqokelelwa kwemisebenzi). -M: eMosika iZiko loPhando ngezeMpilo yeNgqondo, i-1972. -I-509 sec. -I-X 473-486.
- Goland Ya .. G. Amanqanaba aphambili enkqubo yonyango lweengqondo zokuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesini // Iingxelo zengqungquthela kwinkomfa yonyango lwezengqondo. Phendula. ed. I-Banshchikov V.M., Rozhnov V.E. - M: 1973. -I-204 sec. -I-X 181-184.
- Imicimbi ye-Ivanov N.V. Imiba yonyango lweengqondo yokusebenza kwezesondo ezisebenzayo. -Ukushicilelwa kwendlu "Amayeza", 1966. -I-152 sec.
- UAron, W. (1972). Ukuthe ngqo: Umntu othetha yedwa angatshatanga malunga nobuntu bakhe bangaphambili. IGarden City, NY: Ngokuthandabuza.
- UAlexander, uL. (1967). Ingqondo yengqondo yokuphambuka ngokwesini ngoncedo lwe-hypnosis. Ijenali yaseMelika ye-Clinical Hypnosis, 9 (3), 181 - 183
- UAllen, uC. (1952). Unyango kunyango lobufanasini II. Ijenali yeLizwe yeZesondo, i-5, 139 - 141.
- APA (2009). IQela laseMelika loMsebenzi weNgqondo yeNgqondo. Ingxelo yeTask Force ngoNyango olufanelekileyo kwiimpendulo zoNyameko lweSondo. IWashington, DC: Umbutho waseAmerican Psychological Association
- IBancroft, J. (1970). Isifundo sokuchasa kunye nokuthelekisa ukungafuneki kunyango kunyango lobufanasini. Kwi-LE Burns kunye ne-JL Worsley (Eds.), Unyango lokuziphatha kwi-1970s: Ingqokelela yamaphepha okuqala (iphe. 34-56). I-Oxford, iNgilani: UJohn Wright kunye noonyana.
- I-Bancroft J, iMarkI. Unyango lokuphambuka kombane kweziphambuko zesini. I-Proc. roy. ISoc. IMed. Umthamo 61, Agasti 1968. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1902433/pdf/procrsmed00153-0074.pdf
- IBancroft, uJ. (1974). Ukuziphatha okutenxileyo ngokwesini: Uhlengahlengiso novavanyo. I-Oxford, eNgilani: IClarendon Press.
- I-Barlow, DH (1973). Ukonyuka kokuphendula ngobungqingili kunyanga lokuphambuka kwisini: Uvandlakanyo lobungqina bezonyango kunye novavanyo. Unyango lwe-Behahlangu, 4, 655 - 671.
- UBerg, C., kunye noAllen, C. (1958). Ingxaki yobufanasini. ENew York: ICitadel Press.
- UBerger, uJ. (1994). Unyango lweengqondo zonyango lobufanasini. Ijenali yaseMelika yePsychotherapy, 48, 251 - 261.
- I-Bergin, AE (1969). Indlela yokuzilawula yokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokulawula. I-Psychotherapy: Ithiyori, uPhando kunye nokuziQhelanisa, 6, 113 - 118
- Bergler, E. (1956). Ubufanasini: Isifo okanye indlela yobomi? ENew York: Iincwadi zeColfer.
- Beukenkamp, C. (1960). I-phantom patricide. Oovimba abagcina ubuchwephesha kwi-Psychic General, i-3, i-282 - i-288.
- I-Bieber, mna, kunye neBieber, i-TB (1979). Ubufanasini besilisa. Ijenali yaseCanada yoNyango, 24, 409-419.
- Bieber, I., Bieber, TB, Dain, HJ, Dince, PR, Drellich, MG, Grand, HG, Grundlach, RH, Kremer, MW, Rilkin, AH, kunye noWilbur, CB (1962). Ubufanasini: Isifundo se-psychoanalytic. ENew York: Iincwadi ezisisiseko
- I-Bieber, iTB (1971). Unyango lweqela ngamafanasini. Kwi-HI Kaplan kunye ne-BJ Sadock (Eds.), Unyango olupheleleyo lweqela lezengqondo (iphe. 518-533). IBaltimore: Williams kunye noWilkins
- IBirk, L. (1974). Iqela ukunyanga ngokwengqondo kubantu besini esifanayo. Ijenali yezokwabelana ngesondo kunye noMtshato, 1, 29 - 52.
- IBirk, L. (1980). Intsomi yobufanasini obuqhelekileyo: Iimbono zengqondo yokuziphatha kwezesondo. NgoJ. Marmor (Ed.), Ukuziphatha kwabantu abangamafanasini (iphe. 376 - 390). ENew York: Iincwadi ezisisiseko.
- UBirk, L., Huddleston, W., Miller, E., kunye noCohler, B. (1971). Ukuphepha imeko yobufanasini. Oovimba abagcina ubuchwephesha bengqondo, 25, 314-323.
- UBirk, L., uMiller, uE, kunye noCohler, B. (1970). Unyango lweqela kwiqela lamadoda athandana namanye. I-Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 218, 1-33.
- UBreedlove, J., Plechash, V., kunye noDavis, D. (1994, Matshi). Kanye gay, soloko ulifanasini? Gxila kusapho, 2-5.
- Broody JE Ngamafanasini ancediswa ukuba abathandane abathandanayo. INew York Times. NgoFebruwari 28, 1971
- I-Buki, RA (1964). Inkqubo yokunyanga amafanasini. Izifo zeNervous System, 25 (5), 304 - 307
- ICafiso, R. (1983). Umntu ongungqingili: Izibonelelo ze-hypnotherapy njengonyango. Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe ye-Clinical and Testnental Hypnosis, 24 (1), 49 - 55.
- UCallahan, EJ, Krumboltz, JD, kunye neThoresen, CE (Eds.) (1976). Iindlela zokunika iingcebiso. ENew York: Holt, Rinehart, kunye noWinston.
- UCantón-Dutari, A. (1974). Ungenelelo oluhlanganisiweyo lokulawula indlela yokuziphatha engafunekiyo ngokwesondo. Oovimba bokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, 3 (4), 367 - 371.
- UCantón-Dutari, A. (1976). Ungenelelo oluhlanganisiweyo lokulawula indlela yokuziphatha engafunekiyo ngokwesondo: Ukulandelwa okwandisiweyo. Oovimba bokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, 5 (4), 323 - 325.
- I-Cappon, D. (1965). Ukuqonda ukuqonda ubungqingili. I-englewood Cliffs, NJ: I-Prentice-Hall
- ICaprio, FS (1954). Ubungqingili bamabhinqa: Uphononongo lwengqondo lomlobian. ENew York: ICitadel Press.
- UCautela, uJ., Kunye noWisocki, P. (1971). Ukuguqula uvakalelo kunyango lokuphambuka ngokwesondo. Ingxelo yeengqondo, 21, 37-48
- Coates, S. (1962). Ubufanasini kunye novavanyo lweRorschach. Ijenali yaseBrithani yezeNyango yezeNyango, i-35, 177 - 190
- I-Comiskey, A. (1988). Ukusukela konke okwabelana ngesondo. I-Los Angeles: Inkonzo zoSasazo lweNtlango
- I-Consiglio, W. (1993). Ubufanasini akusekho: Inkonzo kunye nonyango lokufumana ubufanasini. Umsebenzi wezeNtlalontle kunye nobuKristu: Ijenali yeZizwe ngeZizwe, i-20 (1), 46 - 59.
- I-Cummings, N. (2007). Owayesakuba ngumongameli we-APA uGqr. UNicholas Cummings uchaza umsebenzi wakhe nabaxumi be-SSA. Ibuyiselwe ngo-Epreli 2, i-2007, isuka ku-http: //www.narth.com/docs/cummings.html
- UDavies, B., kunye noRentzel, L. (1993). Ukuphuma kubufanasini: Inkululeko entsha yamadoda nabafazi. I-Downers Grove, IL: I-InterVarsity Cinezela.
- UDean Baley Baklinski P. U-Oct 20, 2014
- IDayimane, i-LM, kunye neRosky, C. (2016). Ukuphonononga ukungaguquguquki: Uphando malunga nokuzibandakanya kwezesondo kunye nendima yayo ekumeleni ngokomthetho e-US kumalungelo abantu abancinci ngokwesini. Ijenali yoPhando lwezeSondo. Phambili ukupapashwa kwi-Intanethi. ikhonkco: 10: 1080 / 00224499.2016.1139665
- UDoyle C. Transgender "umfazi" uxoka ngonyango "lokuthuthunjiswa". WND.com. NgoMatshi 21, 2013. https://www.wnd.com/2013/03/transgendered-woman-lies-about-therapy-torture/
- U-Eidelberg, L. (1956). Uhlalutyo lwetyala lendoda eyindoda. Ku S. Lorand & B. Balint (Eds.), Ukugqwetha: I-Psychodynamic kunye nonyango (iphe. 279-289). ENew York: Indlu engaqhelekanga.
- I-Eliasberg, WG (1954). Unyango lweqela labantu abathandana abathandana nobungqingili. Iqela Psychotherapy, 7, 218 - 226.
- U-Ellis, A. (1956). Ukusebenza kwe-psychotherapy kunye nabantu abaneengxaki ezinzima zesini. Ijenali yokubonisana Psychology, 20 (3), 191.
- U-Ellis, A. (1959). Umntu ongathandani naye uphathwe ngokunyanga. Ijenali ye-Clinical Psychology, 15 (3), 338 - 343.
- UFeldman, MP, MacCulloch, MJ, kunye no-Orford, JF (1971). Iziphetho kunye noqikelelo. Kwi-MP Feldman, & MJ MacCulloch (Eds.), Ukuziphatha ngokwesini: Unyango kunye novavanyo (iphe. 156-188). ENew York: Icandelo leendaba lasePergamon.
- UFinny, JC (1960). Ukulalana kwabantu besini esifanayo kuphathwe yi-psychotherapy edibeneyo. Ijenali yoNyango lweNtlalo, i-6 (1), 27 - 34.
- I-Fooke, BH (1969). Amanye amava osetyenziso kunyango olugwenxa kubufanasini, ukuboniswa, kunye ne-fetishism. Ijenali yaseBritane ye-Psychiatry, 115, 339 - 341
- UFordham, F. (1935). Ukwaziswa kwengqondo kaJung. ENew York: Iincwadi zeHarmondsworth / Penguin
- UFreeman, WM, kunye noMeyer, RG (1975). Utshintsho ekuziphatheni kokukhethwa ngokwesondo kwindoda eyindoda. Unyango lokuziphatha, 6, 206-212.
- UFreud S. Leonardo da Vinci. Isifundo seSini ngesini sokukhumbula umntwana. Iguqulelwe nguAA Brill. ENew York: Moffat, Yard & Co, 1916. ENew York: Bartleby.Com, 2010. http://www.bartleby.com/277/3.html
- UFreud, A. (1968). Izifundo kwi-passivity (1952 [1949 - 1951]): Icandelo le-1 Amanqaku kubufanasini. Kwimibhalo ka-Anna Freud: Umqu. 4. Izimpawu zohlalutyo lwabantwana kunye namanye amaphepha (iphe. 245 - 256). ENew York: Iidyunivesithi zamanye amazwe Press. (Umsebenzi woqobo opapashwe kwi1952.)
- UGlatze, uMichael (ngoJulayi 3, 2007), "Indlela 'inkokeli yamalungelo abantu abathandana ngayo' ibe ngqo," WorldNetDaily, https://web.archive.org/web/20080918193441/http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/ article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56487
- I-glover, i-E (1960). Iingcambu zolwaphulo-mthetho: Amaphepha akhethiweyo kwi-psychoanalysis: Vol. 2. ENew York: Iidyunivesithi zamanye amazwe Press.
- IGoldberg, A. (2008). Ukukhanya kwikhethini: iTorah, ubufanasini, kunye namandla okutshintsha. I-Los Angeles: I-Red Heiph Press.
- UGordon, A. (1930). Imbali yomntu onobungqingili: Ubunzima kunye noloyiso. Ijenali yoNyango kunye neRekhodi, 131, 152 - 156.
- Isini esingesihle esibonisa ukuba umntu uthandana naye ngu-Grossman L. Isondo lilonke-lixesha lokudlula 'ukuzalwa ngale ndlela'. Inzululwazi entsha. 22.07.2015. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22730310-100-sexourse-is-fluid-its- time-to-get-past-born-this-way/
- Hadden, SB (1958). Unyango lobufanasini ngumntu ngamnye kunye neqela leengqondo. Ijenali yaseMelika ye-Psychiatry, 114, 810 - 815.
- Hadden, SB (1966). Unyango lwabantu abathandana besini esinye ngamaqela. Ijenali yeHlabathi ye-Psychotherapy yeqela, i-16 (1), 13 - 22
- Hadden, SB (1971). Unyango lweqela elifanasini. Izinto eziphambili zoNyango lweSondo loLuntu, i-5 (1), 116 - 127.
- IHadfield, JA (1958). Ukunyanga ubufanasini. Ijenali yezonyango yaseBritane, i-1 (2), 1323 - 1326.
- I-Hatterer, LJ (1970). Ukutshintsha ubungqingili kwindoda: Unyango lwamadoda akhathazwa bubungqingili. ENew York: McGraw-Hill
- IHerman, SH, Barlow, DH, uAgras, WS (1974). Uhlalutyo lovavanyo lokujonga imeko ye-classical njengendlela yokunyusa umntu ongathandani nomntu ongatshatanga naye. Unyango lwe-Behahlangu, 5, 33 - 47.
- Huff, F. (1970). Ukupheliswa kobungqingili. Unyango lwe-Behahlangual Research Therapy, i-8, i-99 - i-102
- UJacobi, uJ. (1969). Imeko yobufanasini. Ijenali ye-Psychology yohlalutyo, 14, 48 - 64
- UJames, S. (1978). Unyango lobufanasini II. Ukuphakama kokuncama / ukuvuswa komntu xa kuthelekiswa nemeko yokuthintela elindelekileyo: Iziphumo zovavanyo olulawulayo. Unyango ngokuziphatha, i-9, 28 - 36.
- UJones, SL, kunye neYarhouse, MA (2007). Abantu besini esahlukileyo? Isifundo eside malunga notshintsho olwenziweyo ngokwenkolo kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo. I-Downer's Grove, IL: I-InterVarsity Cinezela
- UJudkins, LR (1993). Umntu oza kukuqwenga. Ubomi be-Alliance: Ijenali yobomi bobuKristu kunye neMishini, i-128 (16), 8 - 12.
- UKarten, uE. (2006). Iinzame zokuvuselela abantu ngokwesini ngokungoneliseki kwabantu besini esifanayo kutsala umdla: Kuthatha ntoni ngokwenene ukutshintsha? Ugqirha ongabhaliswanga ngoDokotela, iYunivesithi yaseFordham, eNew York
- UKaye, HE, Berl, S., Clare, J., Eleston, MR, Gershwin, BS, Gershwin, P., Kogan, LS, Torda, C., kunye noWilbur, CB (1967). Ubufanasini kubantu basetyhini. Oovimba abagcina ubuchwephesha bengqondo, 17 (5), 626-634
- UKendrick, S., kunye noMcCullough, J. (1972). Amanqanaba alandelelanayo okuqinisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuziva ukhuseleko kunyango lobufanasini. Ijenali yonyango lokuziphatha kunye novavanyo lwengqondo, 3, 229-231
- UKonrad, uJ. (1987). Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube gay. I-Newport Beach, CA: Indlu yokuPapasha iPacific.
- I-Kraft, T. (1967). Ityala lokuthandana kwabantu abatshatileyo liphathwa ngendlela eyiyo. Ijenali yaseMelika yePsychotherapy, 21 (4), 815 - 821
- I-Kraft, T. (1970). Ukucekiswa kwesidima kunyango lobufanasini. Uphando ngokuziphatha kunye nokunyanga, 8, 319.
- ILamberd, WG (1971). Iimbono: Sisiphi isiphumo esinokulindelwa kunyango lwengqondo lwabantu abathandana abathandanayo? Izinto eziphambili zoNyango loBuntu, I-5 (12), 90 - 105
- I-Larson, D. (1970). Uhlengahlengiso lwendlela yeFeldman kunye neMacCulloch kunyango lobufanasini ngokusebenzisa ukufunda okulindelweyo. Uphando ngokuziphatha kunye nokunyanga, 8, 209 - 210.
- ILondon, i-LS, kunye neCaprio, i-FS (1950). Ukuphambuka kwezesondo: Indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo. IWashington, DC: ICinacre Press.
- IMacCulloch, MJ, kunye neFeldman, MP (1967). Unyango lokuthintela kulawulo lwamafanasini angama-43. Ijenali yezoNyango yaseBritane, 2, 594-597
- IMacIntosh, H. (1994). Ukujonga kunye namava e-psychoanalysis ekuhlalutheni abaguli abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo. Ijenali yombutho waseMelika Psychoanalytic Association, 42, 1183 - 1207.
- Maletzky, BM, kunye noGeorge, FS (1973). Unyango lobufanasini ngo "kuncediswa" uvakalelo lokufihla. Ijenali yoPhando lokuziphatha kunye nonyango, i-11 (4), 655-657
- I-Mandel, K. (1970). Ingxelo yokuqala yenyani yokuthathwa kwenkani kwabantu abatshatileyo. Uphando ngokuziphatha kunye nokunyanga, 8, 93 - 95
- Mansfield T., comp. Imiyalezo yeThemba: UkuGqibela kwemihla yokuGqibela kwabaNtu abaDala kwiSini esinye-i-Anthology yeemfundiso zeVangeli kunye neeNzolo zobuqu. Inkampani yeDeseret Book 2011.
- Imisonto, NJ (1966). Ukunyangwa kobufanasini ngokunyangwa. Unyango, iSayensi, kunye noMthetho, i-6 (4), 200 - 205
- UMayerson, P., kunye noLief, H. (1965). Unyango lwe-Psychotherapy lwamafanasini: Uphononongo olulandelayo. KuJ. Marmor (Ed.), Inversion ngokwesondo: Iingcambu ezininzi zobufanasini (iphe. 302-344). ENew York: Iincwadi ezisisiseko
- McConaghy, N. (1969). Iimpendulo ezisebenzayo kunye ne-penile plethysmographic kulandela ukukhululeka-ukukhululeka kunye nonyango lwe-apomorphine lokuthintela ukuxhotyiswa ngokwesini. Ijenali yaseBritane ye-Psychiatry, 115, 723 - 730.
- McConaghy, N. (1970). Iimpendulo ze-subjential kunye ne-penile plethysmograph kunyango lokuthintela ubufanasini: Isifundo esilandelayo. Ijenali yaseBritane ye-Psychiatry, 117, 555 - 560.
- McConaghy, N. (1975). Ukuphambuka kunye nemeko elungileyo yonyango lobufanasini. Uphando ngokuziphatha kunye nokunyanga, 13, 309 - 319.
- UMcConaghy, N., kunye no-Barr, RE (1973). Zodidi, ukuthintela, kunye nokubuyela umva kunyango lwesini sobufanasini. Ijenali yaseBritane yoNyango, 122, 151-162.
- UMcConaghy, N., Proctor, D., & Barr, R. (1972). Iimpendulo ezizimeleyo kunye neepenile plethysmography kunyango lokuthintela ubufanasini: Ukuphindaphinda okwenxalenye. Oovimba bokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, 2, 65-78.
- UMcGuire RJ, uVallance M. Unyango lwe-Aversion nguMbane woMbane: i-Technique elula. Ijenali yezoNyango yaseBritani. 18 kaJanuwari 1964, iphe. 151 – 153. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1812608/pdf/brmedj02611-0043.pdf
- UMichael, RT, Gagnon, JH, Laumann, EO, kunye noKolata, G. (1994). Ukwabelana ngesondo eMelika: Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo.Boston: Kancinci, Brown.
- UMiller, PM, uBradley, JB, uGross, RS, kunye noWood, G. (1968). Uphengululo lophando lobufanasini (1960-1966) kunye neziphumo zonyango. Unyango lweengqondo: Ithiyori, uPhando, kunye nokuziQhelanisa, 5, 3-6
- Mintz, E. (1966). Gqithisa amafanasini angamadoda kwiqela elidibeneyo kunye nonyango lomntu ngamnye. Ijenali yokubonisana Psychology, 30, 193 - 198
- IMonroe, iRR, kunye ne-Enelow, RG (1960). Inkuthazo yonyango kumadoda athandana namanye. Ijenali yaseMelika yePsychotherapy, 14, 474-490.
- UNicolosi, J., Byrd, AD, kunye nePotts, i-RW (2000b). Ukuzibuyisa ngokwakho iingxelo zotshintsho kulwazelelo ngokwesini: kuvavanyo lwabathengi kunyango lwabathengi. Iingxelo zengqondo, 86, 1071-1088
- UNicolosi, uJoseph (1991). Unyango olubuyisayo lobufanasini: Indlela entsha yonyango. UJason aronson, inc
- UNicolosi, uJoseph (1993). Ukuphilisa Ubufanasini: Amabali oMzekelo woNyango oluNgapheliyo. UJason Aronson, Inc.
- UNicolosi, uJoseph (2009). Ukulahleka kwehlazo kunye nokuqhotyoshelwa: Umsebenzi olungileyo woNyango olubuyisele umva. Imithombo yeendaba ye-InterVarsity
- U-Orwin, A., James, SR, kunye no-Turner, RK (1974). I-chromosome yesini engaqhelekanga, ubufanasini, kunye nonyango lwengqondo. Ijenali yaseBritane yoNyango, 124, 293-295
- I-Ott, MQ, Corliss, HL, et. al. (2011), uzinzo kunye notshintsho kwisazisi esiliSiko esichazayo esijongene nesini kuBantu abancinci: Ukusetyenziswa kweeMetri zokuHamba, iiVenkile zokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, ngoJuni; I-40 (30): 519-532. Ipapashwe kwi-intanethi ye-2010 ngoDisemba 2. i-Doi: 10.1007 / s10508-010-9691-3
- Ovesey, L. (1969). Ubufanasini kunye ne-pseudohomosexuality. ENew York: Isayensi yeNdlu
- Ovesey, L., Gaylin, W., kunye noHendin, H. (1963). Unyango lwepsychotherapy lobufanasini besilisa: Ukwenziwa kwengqondo. Oovimba abagcina ubuchwephesha bengqondo, 9, 19-31
- IPabon Luis. Kutheni ndingasafuni ukuba sisitabane. IcingCingalog. NgoFebruwari 23rd 2015. https://thoughtcatalog.com/luis-pabon/2015/02/why-i-still-dont-want-to-be-gay-anymore/
- UPhelan JE, et al. Uvavanyo oluNgxamisekileyo lweNgxelo yoMsebenzi oSebenzayo kwiimpendulo ezifanelekileyo zoNyango ngokwesondo, IziSombululo kunye nokuKhutshwa koPapasho. 2009a. Umbutho weSizwe woPhando kunye noNyango lobufanasini. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55efa8b5e4b0c21dd4f4d8ee/t/56f1f6535559863ea9a5c1bb/1458697818646/A+Critical+Evaluation+-+Journal+of+Human+Sexuality+vol.+4+%282%29.pdf
- UPhelan JE, et al. Yintoni eKuboniswayo: Uphendulo lwe-NARTH kwiBango le-APA ngobuSini obuNgafaniyo Ingxelo yeKomiti yeeNgcebiso zeSayensi yombutho kaZwelonke kuPhando kunye nonyango lobuNtu. Ijenali Yokwabelana Ngesondo Kwabantu. I-2009b; Umthamo 1. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/ec16e9_04d4fd5fb7e044289cc8e47dbaf13632.pdf
- UPhillips, D., Fischer, SC, Groves, GA, kunye no Singh, R. (1976). Ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha kunyango lobufanasini. Oovimba bokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, 5, 223-228.
- UPittman, FS, III, kunye noDeYoung, iCD (1971). Unyango lwamafanasini kumaqela athandana namanye. Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeQela lePsychotherapy, 21, 62-73.
- I-Poe, JS (1952). Unyango olunempumelelo lomntu ongunongogo oneminyaka eli-40 ngokusekelwe kumbono oguqukayo wokuziphatha ngokwesini. Uhlalutyo lwe-Psychoanalytic, 39, 23 - 33.
- Portaluz. "I-homosexualidad ayidityaniswanga." U-Elena Lorenzo y su terapia de cambio. 20.06.2014/642/XNUMX. https://www.portaluz.org/la-homosexualidad-no-es-una-enfermedad-elena-lorenzo-y-su-terapia-XNUMX.htm
- IPradhan, PV, Ayyar, KS, kunye neBagadia, VN (1982). Ubufanasini: Unyango ngokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha. Ijenali yaseIndiya yoNyango, 24, 80-83.
- URamsay, RW, kunye noVan Velzen, V. (1968). Unyango lokuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo. Uphando lokuziphatha kunye nonyango, 6, 233
- I-Into, i-FI (1949). Uhlalutyo lobufanasini. Ingqondo Ngekota, 23, 548 - 566.
- Iirki, GA (1995). Incwadana yabantwana neengxaki zesondo zabakwishumi elivisayo. ENew York: Iincwadi zeLexington.
- URiley A. Izibonelelo ezilindelekileyo zonyango lwe-electroconvulsive. I-BBC Psychology. Ngamana i-3, 2018. www.bbc.com/future/story/20180502-the-surprising-benefits-of-electroshock-therapy-or-ect
- Robertiello, RC (1959). Ukuhamba ngeenqanawa ukusuka eLesbos: Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kobungqingili kumfazi. ENew York: ICitadel Press.
- Roper, P. (1967). Iziphumo ze-hypnotherapy kubufanasini. Ijenali yombutho waseCanada Medical Association, 96 (6), 319 - 327
- URoss, MW, kunye noMendelsohn, F. (1958). Ubufanasini kwikholeji: Ingxelo yokuqala kwidatha efunyenwe kubafundi be-143 ebonwe kwiziko lempilo labafundi baseyunivesithi kunye nokuphononongwa koncwadi olufanelekileyo. I-American Medical Association Archives ye-Neurology kunye ne-Psychiatry, 80, 253-263.
- USatinover J. Ubufanasini kunye nepolitiki yenyaniso. I-Grand Rapids, uMika. Iincwadi zika-Baker, i-1996
- USavin-Williams, i-RC kunye neReam, i-GL (2007), ukubekwa phambili kunye nokuzinza kwezinto zeSini zoSapho ngeXesha lokuFikisa kunye nokuDala okuDala, iZiko loLondolozo lweZondo, i-36, i-385-394.
- ISchaeffer, KW, Nottebaum, L., Smith, P., Dech, K., kunye neKrawczyk, J. (1999). Inkolo ekhuthaza inkcubeko ngokwesini: Isifundo esilandelayo. Ijenali ye Psychology kunye neTheology, 27 (4), 329-337.
- Segal, B., & Sims, J. (1972). Ukuguqula uvakalelo kunye nobufanasini: Ukuphindaphinda okulawulwayo. Ijenali yokuNxibelelana kunye neNzululwazi yezeMpilo, 39, 259-263
- ISerban, G. (1968). Indlela ekhoyo yonyango kubufanasini. Ijenali yaseMelika yePsychotherapy, 22 (3), 491 - 501
- Shealy, AE (1972). Ukudibanisa ukunyanga kokuziphatha kunye nokunyanga kwengqondo ekunyangeni ubufanasini. I-Psychotherapy: Ithiyori, uPhando kunye nokuziQhelanisa, 9, 221 - 222
- I-Shechter, RA (1992). Iiparamitha zoNyango kunye notshintsho lolwakhiwo: Ukucamngca kwi-psychotherapy yindoda eyongqingili. Iforum yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Psychoanalysis, 1, 197 - 201.
- USidloya, A., noSchroeder, M. (2002). Ukutshintsha imeko yesini: Ingxelo yomthengi. Ingcali yezeNgqondo: uPhando kunye nokuziQhelanisa, 33 (3), 249-259.
- ISiegel, K., Bauman, LJ, Christ, G. H, kunye neKrown, S. (1988). Iipateni zotshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo phakathi kwamadoda athandana namanye kwiSixeko saseNew York. Oovimba abagcina izinto zesini 17 (6), 481-497.
- Singh A, Kar SK. Ngaba lusebenza njani unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive Therapy?: Ukuqonda i-Neurobiological Mechanisms. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. I-2017; 15 (3): 210-221. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2017.15.3.210
- ISocarides, CW (1978). Ubufanasini: Unyango lwe-Psychoanalytic. ENew York: UJason Aronson
- ISorba R. i-"Born Gay" Hoax. UWilmington DE, 2007.
- I-Spitzer, i-RL (2003). Ngaba amanye amadoda athandana gay kunye lesbians ukutshintsha indlela yabo ngokwesondo? Abathathi-nxaxheba be-200 baxela utshintsho olusuka kubufanasini ukuya kubufanasini. Oovimba bokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, i-32, i-403 - i-417.
- Sprigg P. Ex-Gay Unyango lweTyala lokuxoxa: Inyaniso yeMicimbi. Iposti yamaKristu. Nge-Agasti 27, 2014. https://www.christianpost.com/news/ex-gay-therapy-debate-the-truth-matters-125479/
- IStekel, W. (1930). Ngaba ubufanasini buyanyangeka? Uhlalutyo lwe-Psychoanalytic, 17, 443 - 451.
- UStevenson, mna, kunye noWolpe, J. (1960). Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yokuphambuka ngokwesondo ngokuzoyisa iimpendulo zesini esingathandekiyo. Ijenali yaseMelika yoNyango, 116, 737-742.
- Yomelele, G. (1994). Ndakhe ndathandana nokuba ndenze ntoni ukuze nditshintshe. Uphengululo lwezoBulungisa kwezeNtlalontle, i-85 (5-6), 75 - 76.
- I-Tanner, BA (1974). Thelekisa imeko yokuziphindezela ezenzekelayo kunye noluhlu lokulinda kulungelelwaniso lwendlela yokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo emadodeni. Unyango lwe-Behahlangu, 5, 29 - 32.
- ITruax, RA, kunye nohambo, G. (1971). Amadoda athandana namanye amadoda kunyango lweqela: Isifundo esilawulwayo. Izifo zeNkqubo yeNervous, 32 (10), 707-711
- van den Aardweg, GJM (1971). Ithiyori emfutshane yobufanasini. Ijenali yaseMelika yePsychotherapy, 26, 52 - 68.
- van den Aardweg, GJM (1986a). Ubufanasini kunye nethemba: Isazi ngengqondo sithetha ngonyango kunye notshintsho. U-Ann Arbor, MI: Iincwadi zabaSebenzi.
- van den Aardweg, GJM (1986b). Kwimvelaphi kunye nonyango lobufanasini: Ukuchazwa kwakhona kwengqondo ngokwesimo sengqondo. ENew York: UPraeger.
- Wallace, L. (1969). Ingqondo yengqondo yesini sowesilisa. Uhlalutyo lwe-Psychoanalytic, 56, 346 - 364
- I-Whitehead, NE, kunye ne-Whitehead, i-BK (2007).) Imfuza yam yandenza ukuba ndiyenze! Ukujongwa kwezesayensi kukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo (nge-2nd ed.) [Incwadi yewebhu]. Ibuyisiwe ngoFebruwari 5, 2009, isuka http.//www.mygenes.co.nz
- Unyango lukaWilson R. I-Electroconvulsive therapy isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje -neziphumo ezixubileyo. Ezimeleyo. NgoDisemba 4, 2017. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/electroconvulsive-therapy-is-back-but-is-it-worth-the-risk-a8084631.html
- Worthen, F. (1984). Amanyathelo ophuma kubufanasini. ISan Rafael, CA: I-LIA
Funda kwakhona
• Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zendlela yonyango lwezengqondo uJ. G. Goland kwiwebhusayithi yakhe: goland.su
• Edmund Bergler: Unyango loBungqingili
• "Abantu abaninzi abathandana besini esifanayo bakwazile ukuba neentlobano zesini esinye" -inqaku leNew York Times
• UJoseph Nicolosi: Uhlobo oluxhalabisayo lobufanasini
• Unyango kwakhona -Indlela yamvanje yokuphelisa umtsalane wesini ongafunekiyo.
• Wenziwa njani umdla wabantu abathandana abathandanayo? (ividiyo)
• Owayesakuba elifanasini uxela indlela yokutshintsha (ividiyo)
• UGerard Aardweg: isikhokelo sokuzihlola ngokwakho kubufanasini
• Abantu abathandana besini esinye e-US baqala ukuyiyeka ingxoxo "yokuzalwa"
• Imbali yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwamafanasini kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo
Baza kukhalaza nangonyango oluphikisayo: iithoyi zesini ezimpundu ezikhutshwa ngombane ...
I-Homophobia inokubonisa ukuba umntu ophethwe yiyo uneminqweno yakhe yobufanasini, kodwa kwelinye icala ayiqatshelwa nguye, kwaye kwelinye icala ibonakala yoyikeka kwaye ingamkelekanga kuye kangangokuba ibangela uloyiko olukhulu. Ukuthiywa kwamafanasini ngokuyintloko kukoyika iminqweno kabani yobufanasini. UGQIRHA NGENGQONDO.
lahla idiploma yakho, ugqirha wezengqondo, kuba awulungelanga.
Isifundo sika-Hodson sika-2012 sabonisa ukuba ubufanasini obufikisayo bufunyanwa ngabo babajonga kakuhle abantu abathandanayo.
niyanyamezelela abasasazi abazi ukuba niphume kanjani. Yonke indawo ubona ubufanasini, nangona sinokubona, wena uphupha ulala nomntu othandana naye.
Ik wayene regelmatig fantasieën malunga nokwabelana ngesondo een vrouw, dus homo sex.
Umnyango wolwazi ngefektri kunye nomyalezo ongcono kuFacebook. Ik noem de naam niet, om anderen te beschermen.
Toch .. is dit weg gegaan .. niet meer derge foto's / plaatjes zien ..
Ukudibana neere dingen bezig gaan.
Homo mannen. Lees over de vele gezondheidsrisico's .. reden genoeg om alles te doen dit niet te praktiseren ..
Umbhali, andifumananga amakhonkco ngokukodwa kuphando lwenzululwazi. Uphando lwezenzululwazi lwenziwa liqela lezenzululwazi, inani elikhulu lezigulana lithatha inxaxheba, amaxesha amaninzi ngaxeshanye, lahlulahlula ngokwamaqela aliqela, ukuthelekisa, amanani-manani agcinwa, nokunye okuninzi.
Hmmm ... Uxolo ... andiyifundanga kwaye andifuni ukuyamkela. Iwutshintshe ngokupheleleyo umbono wam wehlabathi.
Un trabajo espléndido. Imuchas Gracias.