Yintoni eyaziwayo ngophando:
Iziphetho ezivela kwizifundo zebhayoloji, ezengqondo kunye nezentlalo

UGqr Paul McHugh, MD -INtloko yeSebe lezeMpilo yeZengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins, ugqirha wezengqondo obalaseleyo kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo, umphandi, unjingalwazi kunye notitshala.
 UGqr Lawrence Meyer, MB, MS, Ph.D. -Inzululwazi kwiCandelo lezeMpilo yezifo zeengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseJohs Hopkins, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseArizona State, ugqirha wezibalo, isazi ngezifo, uchwephesha kuphuhliso, uhlalutyo nokutolikwa kwedatha yophando kunye nokujonga kwicandelo lezempilo kunye nonyango.

Isishwankathelo

Ngo-2016, oosonzululwazi ababini abaphuma kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins Yophando bapapasha iphepha elishwankathela konke okukhoyo kuphando lwebhayoloji, lwengqondo kunye noluntu kwicandelo lokuzibandakanya kwezesondo kunye nokuzazisa ngokwesini. Ababhali, abaxhasa ngamandla ukulingana kwaye bachasa ucalucalulo kubantu be-LGBT, bayathemba ukuba ulwazi olunikiweyo luya kuxhobisa oogqirha, oososayensi kunye nabemi- sonke - ukujongana neengxaki zempilo ezijamelene nabantu be-LGBT kuluntu lwethu. 

Iziphumo eziphambili zale ngxelo:

ISAHLUKO sokuqala 

Ukuqonda inkcubeko yokwabelana ngesondo njengendawo yangaphakathi, ecaciswe ngokwebhayiloji kunye nomkhwa osisigxina - uluvo lokuba abantu "bazalwe ngaloo ndlela" - abalufumani ubungqina kwisayensi. 

• Ngaphandle kobu bungqina bokuba izinto zebhayoloji ezinje ngohlobo kunye neehomoni zinxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye nomnqweno, akukho ngcaciso eqinisekileyo yezizathu zezinto umntu aziphethe ngayo ngokwesondo. Ngaphandle kokungafani nganto kulwakhiwo lobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi phakathi kwabantu abathandana besini esinye nesinye esichongiweyo njengesiphumo sophando, idatha enjalo ye-neurobiological ayibonisi ukuba la mahluko ungaphakathi okanye sisiphumo semo engqongileyo kunye neyengqondo. 

Izifundo zobudala obude abafikisayo zibonakalisa ukuba inkanuko yesini inokwahluka kakhulu ngexesha lokuphila kwabanye abantu; njengoko isifundo esinye sabonisa, malunga ne-80% yamadoda aselula abika ukuqhuba okufanayo-ngesondo ayizange iphinde le nto xa bekhula. 

• Xa kuthelekiswa nobungqingili, abalingani besini esahlukileyo banamathuba amabini ukuya kwamathathu okubafumana ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwabantwana.

INXALENYE II UKUXOLELWA, YEMPILO YEMPILO KUNYE NOBUCHULE BOLUNTU 

• Xa kuthelekiswa nenani labantu ngokubanzi, ukungabandakanyeki kwabantu besini esahlukileyo kubasemngciphekweni owonyukayo weziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokususa impilo ngokubanzi nasengqondweni. 

• Umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kumalungu angenabuntu nangokwesini esahlukileyo uqikelelwa ukuba ngamaxesha e-1,5 aphakamileyo kunamalungu enobuntu obungafaniyo; Umngcipheko wokukhula koxinzelelo malunga namaxesha e-2, umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ngamaxesha e-1,5 kwaye umngcipheko wokuzibulala uphantse wangamaxesha e-2,5. 

Amalungu abantu be-transgender abasemngciphekweni ophezulu weengxaki zempilo yezengqondo ezahlukeneyo kunamalungu angenabemi. Idatha eyoyikisayo ngokukodwa yafunyanwa kwinqanaba lokuzama ukuzibulala kubo bonke ubomi be-transgender abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, eyi-41% xa kuthelekiswa nengaphantsi kwe-5% yabemi base-US. 

Ngokwezinto ezikhoyo, ezilinganiselweyo, ubungqina, uxinzelelo lwentlalo, kubandakanya ucalucalulo kunye nokubekwa esweni, yandisa umngcipheko weziphumo zempilo yengqondo phakathi kwabantu abangabathandani abesilisa nabasetyhini kunye nabandlululayo. Uphando olongezelelweyo lomgangatho ophezulu luyadingeka ukwenza "imodeli yoxinzelelo lwentlalo" sisixhobo esiluncedo sokuqonda iingxaki zempilo yoluntu.

ISAHLUKO III ISAZISO 

• I-hypothesis yokuba isazisi sesini yinto eyenzeka ngaphakathi, into emiselweyo yomntu engaxhomekeki kubuni bendalo (ukuba umntu angaba "yindoda egxunyekwe emzimbeni womfazi" okanye "umfazi obambeke emzimbeni wendoda") abunabungqina bezenzululwazi. 

Ngokweqikelelo lwakutshanje, malunga ne-0,6% yabantu abadala base-US bakhomba ngesini esingahambelani nesini sabo semvelo. 

• Izifundo ezithelekisanayo zolwakhiwo lobuchopho be-transgender kunye nabantu abangahambelaniyo nobonelelo babonisa ulungelelwaniso lobuthathaka phakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho kunye nokuchongwa kwesini. Olu nxibelelaniso alucetyisi ukuba uchongelo lwesini esiphakathi luxhomekeke kwinqanaba elithile lemibandela ye-neurobiological. 

• Xa kuthelekiswa nenani labantu ngokubanzi, abantu abadala abaye benza utyando lokulungisa isini basenomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Njengoko olunye uphando lubonakalisile, xa kuthelekiswa neqela elilawulayo, abantu abaguqukayo ngokwesondo babenomkhuba wokuzama ukuzibulala malunga namaxesha e-5, kwaye amathuba okuba afe ngenxa yokuzibulala yayimalunga nexesha le-19. 

Abantwana yimeko ekhethekileyo kwisihloko sesini. Liqaqobana labantwana elinobungqina obucacileyo obufana nokuhambelana nesini eliya kubalandela. 

Is Bukho ubungqina obuncinci bezenzululwazi malunga nexabiso lonyango olungenelelayo lokuthathisa ukukhula okanye ukuguqula iimpawu zesondo zesibini zabafikisayo, nangona abanye abantwana benokuthi baphucule imeko yabo yengqondo, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni bafumana ukhuthazo kunye nenkxaso ekuchongeni kwabo. Akukho bungqina bokuba abantu badlulisa iingcinga ngeempawu zesini okanye yokuziphatha kufanele kukhuthazwe.

Intshayelelo

Akunakulindeleka ukuba kubekho izihloko ezininzi ezinokuthelekiswa nobuntshatsheli kunye nokungahambelani nemibuzo malunga nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye nesazisi somntu. Le mibuzo ichaphazela iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zethu ezifihlakeleyo kunye noncedo lokuchaza wonke umntu njengomntu kunye nelungu loluntu. Ingxoxo malunga nemicimbi yokuziphatha ehambelana nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye nokuchazwa kwesini ishushu, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba bathambekele ekubeni buqu, kwaye iingxaki ezihambelanayo kwinqanaba likarhulumente zibangela ukungavisisani okukhulu. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiingxoxo, iintatheli, kunye nabenzi bomthetho bahlala becaphula ubungqina besayensi obuqinisekisiweyo, kwaye ezindabeni, kwimidiya yoluntu, nakwizangqa zeendaba ngokubanzi, sihlala sizwa amazwi athi “isayensi” malunga noku.

Eli phepha linikezela uphononongo oluqulunqwe ngononophelo lweenkcazo zanamhlanje zenani elikhulu lezona ziphumo zichanekileyo zesayensi yemveli, yezengqondo kunye nezifundo zentlalo ngokubhekisele kwisimo sokwabelana ngesondo kunye nesazisi. Sijonga inani elikhulu loncwadi lwezenzululwazi kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo. Sizama ukuthathela ingqalelo ukusikelwa umda kuphando kwaye singafikeleli kwisigqibo sangaphambi kwexesha esinokuthi sikhokelele ekuhanjisweni kweenkcukacha zesayensi. Ngenxa yobuninzi beenkcazo eziphikisanayo nezichanekileyo kuluncwadi, asigcini nje ngokujonga idatha ene-empirical, kodwa sivavanya neengxaki eziqinisekileyo zesiseko. Le ngxelo, nangona kunjalo, ayithethi ngemicimbi yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okuhle; Ujoliso lwethu kuphando lwezenzululwazi nakwizinto abazibonisayo okanye abangazibonisiyo.

Kwicandelo 1, siqala ngohlalutyo olubucayi lweekhonsepthi ezinjengobungqingili, ubungqingili, kunye nokuthandana, kwaye siqwalasele ukuba zibonakalisa kangakanani iimpawu, umntu ongaguqukiyo, kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nemvelo yomntu. Kunye neminye imibuzo kweli candelo, siphendukela kwi-hypothesis ebanzi "zizalwa ngoluhlobo", ngokwendlela umntu anomdla wokuzonwabisa ngokwesini; Sihlalutya ukungqina kwale hypothesis kumasebe ahlukeneyo ezenzululwazi zebhayiloji. Siphonononga imvelaphi yokwenziwa kwesondo kwi-sex drive, inqanaba lokutshintsha kwesondo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunye nobunzima obunxulumene nokubandakanya ukuqhuba ngesondo kwisazisi esabelana ngesondo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zamawele kunye nezinye izifundo, sihlalutya imfuza, imeko yendalo kunye ne-hormonal. Siphinde sihlalutye iziphumo zenzululwazi ezidibanisa isayensi yengqondo kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo.

Icandelo lesi-II libonisa uhlalutyo lophononongo lokuxhomekeka kweengxaki zempilo malunga nokuzibandakanya kwisini kunye nokwaziwa kwesini. Phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo, izitabane, ii-bisexcript kunye ne-transgender yabantu, kusoloko kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba buthathaka emzimbeni nasengqondweni xa kuthelekiswa noluntu ngokubanzi. Ezo ngxaki zempilo zibandakanya uxinzelelo, unxunguphalo, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kwaye, okuyingozi kakhulu, ziyandisa ingozi yokuzibulala. Umzekelo, e-United States, i-41% ye-transgender yabantu abazamile ukuzibulala, ephindaphindwe kalishumi kunelo labantu ngokubanzi. Thina - ogqirha, ootitshala kunye noososayensi - sikholelwa ukuba zonke iingxoxo ezongezelelekileyo kulo msebenzi kufuneka ziqhutywa ekukhanyiseni kweengxaki zoluntu.

Sikwahlalutya ezinye zezimvo ezibekwe ngaphambili ukuchaza lo mahluko kwimo yezempilo, kubandakanya imodeli yoxinzelelo lwentlalo. Olu xinzelelo, kuxhomekeka ekubeni luhlobo luni loxinzelelo njengokubekwa ibala kunye nokucalucalulwa, oonobangela bokubandezeleka okukhoyo kwezi zinto zichazayo, aluchazi ngokupheleleyo umohluko kumanqanaba omngcipheko.

Ukuba icandelo ndibonisa uhlalutyo lokucinga ukuba inkanuko yezesondo ibangelwa rhoqo zizizathu ezizezomntu, elinye lamacandelo esigaba sesithathu lixoxa ngemicimbi efanayo ngokubhekisele kwisini. Isini sebhayiloji (Iindidi zesini zowesilisa kunye nowasetyhini) yinto ezinzileyo yobuntu, nditsho nokuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba abantu abathile abanengxaki yokuphuhliswa kwezesondo babonisa iimpawu ezimbini zesini. Ngokuchasene noko, isazisi sesini yingqondo yentlalo nengqondo engenazinkcazo ngqo, kwaye lincinci inani ledatha lezenzululwazi elibonisa ukuba le yinto yangaphakathi, engaguqukiyo yemvelo.

Icandelo le-III lihlalutya ukulungiswa kwesini kunye nedatha ekusebenzeni kwayo ukunciphisa iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezichaphazela abantu abaninzi abachongwe njengabantu be-transgender. Xa kuthelekiswa nenani eliqhelekileyo, abantu abagqithisileyo abaye baguquka ngokwesini ngokuhlinzwa banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba sempilweni kwengqondo.

Eyona nto ixhalabisa kakhulu ngumba wokungenelela kwezonyango ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokwesini phakathi kwabasetyhini abangafikeleli kwisini. Izigulana ezingakumbi ziyaqhubeka kwiinkqubo ezinceda ukuba zamkele isini esivakalelwa kukuba, kunye nokunyanga kwamahomoni kunye nokuhlinzwa zisencinci. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana isazisi sabo esingokwesini esingalinganiyo nesini sabo sebhayoloji siya kutshintsha esi sazisi njengoko bekhula. Sikhathazekile kwaye sikhathazekile malunga nokuba yinto ekhohlakeleyo kunye nokungalungisi kwemisebenzi yokungenelela ethile exutyushwa ekuhlaleni kwaye iyasebenza ebantwaneni.

Ukwabelana ngesondo kunye nesazisi ngokwesini akubolekisi kwinkcazo elula yethiyori. Kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kokuzithemba exhaswa ziimibono ngezi zingqinisiso, kunye nento evula indlela yesayensi. Ukujamelana nobunzima obunjalo kunye nokungaqiniseki, kufuneka ngokuthozama ukuvavanye oko sikwaziyo nokungazi. Siyavuma ukuba lo msebenzi ayisiwo uphononongo oluphathekayo lwezinto ezizijongayo, okanye ayisiyiyo inyani. Ayikho indlela yesayensi ekuphela kwendlela yokuqonda ezi ngxaki zinobunzima kwaye zininzi kakhulu - kukho eminye imithombo yobulumko nolwazi, kubandakanya ubugcisa, inkolo, intanda-bulumko namava obomi. Ukongeza, ulwazi oluninzi lwezenzululwazi kule ndawo alukasasazwa. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, siyathemba ukuba olu phononongo loncwadi lwezenzululwazi luya kunceda ekwakheni isakhelo esiqhelekileyo sentetho evakalayo nelungiselelwe ukukhanya kwimeko yezopolitiko, yobungcali kunye nesayensi, kwaye ukuba ngoncedo lwethu thina njengabemi abanolwazi, sinokwenza okungakumbi ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka nokukhuthaza ezempilo. kunye nokuchuma koluntu.

ISAHLUKO I - Isondo

Ngaphandle kwenkolelo exhaphakileyo yokuba inkanuko yesini yinto efihlakeleyo, engaguqukiyo, kunye nemikhwa yendalo yomntu, yokuba wonke umntu - abantu abathandanayo, amafanasini, abantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo, kwaye "bazalwe ngaloo ndlela," le nkcazo ayixhaswa bubungqina bezesayensi obaneleyo. Ngapha koko, lo mbono wokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo unamandla amakhulu kakhulu; Inokuhambelana neempawu zokuziphatha, iimvakalelo zomtsalane kunye nesimo sokuzazi. Njengomphumo wezifundo ezenzekelayo, ulwalamano olungabalulekanga kakhulu olufunyenwe phakathi kwezinto zofuzo kunye nokuqhuba ngokwesondo kunye nokuziphatha, kodwa akukho datha ibalulekileyo yafunyanwa eyabonisa iintlobo ezithile zofuzo. Kukho kwakhona ukungqinwa kwezinye iingcinga ezingezizo malunga nezizathu zebhayoloji zokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana nabo, ukutsalwa kunye nesazisi, umzekelo, malunga nefuthe lamahomoni kuphuhliso lwe-intrauterine, nangona kunjalo, le datha inomda kakhulu. Ngenxa yezifundo zobuchopho, ezinye iiyantlukwano phakathi kwabantu abathandana besini esinye nesini ziye zafunyanwa, kodwa akubanga lula ukubonisa ukuba lo mahluko ungaphakathi, kwaye awuzange wenziwe phantsi kweempembelelo zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo kwiimpawu zengqondo nezobuchwephesha. Ulungelelwaniso lwafunyanwa phakathi kwe-hetero-ngesondo kunye nenye yezinto zangaphandle, oko kukuthi, ukuxhatshazwa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwabantwana, isiphumo sako sinokubonwa kwindyikityhu ephezulu yomphumo wempilo yengqondo kwizithintelo ezingezizo ezesini esahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa noluntu ngokubanzi. Ngokubanzi, idatha efunyenweyo iphakamisela inqanaba elithile lokwahlukahluka kwiimodeli zenkanuko yesini kunye nokuziphatha - ngokuchasene noluvo lokuba "bazalwe ngoluhlobo", olwenza ngokungaqhelekanga ubunzima boluvo lokwabelana ngesondo kwabantu. 

funda ICandelo I (I-PDF, iphepha le-50)

ISAHLUKO II-Isini, impilo yeengqondo kunye noxinzelelo lweNtlalo

Xa kuthelekiswa nenani labantu ngokubanzi, amaqela angafaniyo abesilisa nabangafaniyo kunye nabane transgender banesantya esonyukayo seengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinje ngexhala lokuxhalaba, uxinzelelo kunye nokuzibulala, kunye nokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zentlalo, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nobundlobongela kwiqabane lezesondo. Eyona nkcazo ixhaphakileyo yale nto kuncwadi lwezenzululwazi yimodeli yoxinzelelo lwasentlalweni, ngokokutsho koxinzelelo lwentlalo apho amalungu kwezi zinto zichasene khona - kugxothwa kunye nocalucalulo-anoxanduva kwiziphumo ezingahambelaniyo empilweni yengqondo. Izifundo zibonakalisa ukuba, ngaphandle kwempembelelo ecacileyo yoxinzelelo lwentlalo ekwandiseni umngcipheko wokuhlakulela ukugula ngengqondo kwezi ndawo zininzi, abanakuziva benoxanduva ngokupheleleyo lokungalingani.

funda ICandelo II  (I-PDF, iphepha le-32)

ISAHLUKO SE-III-Isazisi ngokwesini

Umbono wesini sebhayoloji uchazwe kakuhle kwisiseko semisebenzi yendoda kunye nabasetyhini kwinkqubo yokuzala. Ngokuchasene noko, umbono wesini awunangcaciso icacileyo. Isetyenziselwa ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kunye neempawu zengqondo ezihlala ziimpawu zesini esithile. Abanye abantu bachongwa kwisini esingadibaniyo nesini sabo semvelo. Izizathu zokuchongwa okwangoku aziqondwa kakuhle. Umsebenzi wokuphanda ukuba ngaba abantu abadlulileyo banesimo esithile esingokwasemzimbeni okanye amava afanayo nesini esahlukileyo, njengesakhiwo sobuchopho okanye ifuthe lehyprenal prenatal yegalelo, okwangoku akuvumelani. I-dysphoria yesini - imvo yokungahambi kakuhle phakathi kwesondo lomntu kunye nesini, esihamba kunye nokudakumba okunzima klinikhi okanye imeko ethile - ngamanye amaxesha siphathwa kubantu abadala abanehormoni okanye utyando, kodwa abukho ubungqina obuncinci besayensi bokuba ezi ndlela zongenelelo zonyango zinesiphumo esihle sengqondo. Njengoko isayensi ibonisa, iingxaki zokuchazwa kwesini kubantwana zihlala zingaqhubeki kwinqanaba lokufikisa kunye nokuba mdala, kwaye ubungqina obuncinci bezenzululwazi buqinisekisa izibonelelo zonyango zokulibazisa ukuba sexesheni. Sixhalabile ngotyekelo olukhulayo lwabantwana abanezazisi zesini ukuba batshintshele kwisini sabo esikhethiweyo kusetyenziswa unyango kunye neenkqubo zoqhaqho. Kukho isidingo esicacileyo sophando olongezelelweyo kule ndawo.

funda ICandelo lesi-3 (I-PDF, iphepha le-29)

ISIQINISEKISO

Iziphumo ezichanekileyo, eziphindiweyo zophando zinokwenza kwaye zichaphazele izigqibo zethu zobuqu kunye nokuzazi kwaye kwangaxeshanye zikhuthaze intetho yoluntu, kubandakanya impikiswano yenkcubeko nezopolitiko. Ukuba isifundo sithetha ngezihloko eziphikisayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nombono ocacileyo noqinisekileyo weyona nto ifunyanisiweyo ngenzululwazi nento engeyiyo. Kwimicimbi entsonkothileyo, enobunzima malunga nobume bokwabelana ngesondo kunye noluntu, kukho eyona mvisiswano yokuqala yesayensi; okuninzi kuhlala kungaziwa, kuba isini yinxalenye ebanzi kakhulu yobomi bomntu, ephikisana nemizamo yethu yokuchonga yonke imiba yayo kwaye siyifunde ngokucokisekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimibuzo ekulula ukwenza ngayo uphando, ngokomzekelo, kwinqanaba leziphumo ezibi zempilo yengqondo kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo zobuncinci bezesondo, izifundo zisanikeza iimpendulo ezicacileyo: ezi zinto ziphantsi zibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuzibulala ngokuthelekiswa noluntu ngokubanzi. I-hypothesis enye - imodeli yoxinzelelo lwasentlalweni - ithi ukubekwa amabala, ucalucalulo, kunye nocalucalulo zezona zinto zibangela ukunyuka kwamaqondo ezempilo ngenxa yezi ngxaki, kwaye zihlala zikhankanywa njengendlela yokuchaza lo mahluko. Umzekelo, abantu abangafaniyo abesilisa nabasetyhini kunye nabaxhaphazi be-transgender bahlala bephantsi koxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye nocalucalulo, nangona kunjalo, isayensi ayifumananga ubungqina bokuba ezi zinto zodwa zimisela ngokupheleleyo, okanye ubuncinci, ukungafani kwimeko yezempilo phakathi kokukhupha abantu abangafaniyo kunye nabathumeli kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka kule ndawo ukuvavanya i-hypothesis yoxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye nezinye iinkcazo ezinokubakho ngumahluko kwimo yezempilo, kunye nokufumana iindlela zokucombulula iingxaki zempilo kwezi zisongelo.

Ezinye zeenkolelo ezixhaphakileyo malunga nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo, umzekelo, uhanahaniso "luzalwe ngaloo ndlela," alusekelwanga kwisayensi. Kwimisebenzi kwesi sihloko, inani elincinci lokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwabantu abangafaniyo nabasetyhini abathandanayo, zichazwe ngokwenene, kodwa lo mahluko webhayoloji awonelanga ukuqikelela inkanuko yesini, oluvavanyo oluphambili kuso nasiphi na isiphumo sesayensi. Kwinkcazo zesimo sokwabelana ngesondo esacetyiswa yinzululwazi, ingxelo eqinileyo yile ndlela ilandelayo: ezinye zezinto zezinto eziphilayo ukuya kuthi ngandlel 'ithile zibajongele kude abanye abantu ukuba bangathathaleli kubuni.

Ingcinga yokuba "aba bazelwe" kunzima ngakumbi ukuzazisa ngobuni. Ngandlela thile, isibakala sokuba sizalwe sinesini esithile siqinisekiswa kakuhle ngokuqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo: ubuninzi bamadoda abesilisa abonwa njengamadoda, kwaye uninzi lwamabhinqa angabafazi. Inyaniso yokuba abantwana (ngaphandle kokungaqhelekanga kwe-hermaphrodites) bazalwe yindoda okanye umfazi okwabelana ngesondo akuxoxwa. Isini esingokwasendalweni sidlala indima edibeneyo yokuzala, kwaye kukho inani lokwehluka ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo phakathi kwesini esikweni. Nangona kunjalo, lo gama isini yendalo iyinto eqhelekileyo emntwini, ukuzazi isini ngumbono ontsonkothileyo.

Xa kujongwa kupapasho lwezenzululwazi, kuvela ukuba phantse akukho nto iqondwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba sizama ukuchaza ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga lebhayoloji izizathu ezikhokelela ekubeni abanye bathi isazisi sabo asihambelani nesini sabo. Ngokumalunga neziphumo ezifunyenweyo, amabango ahlala esenziwa ngokuchasene nawo ekuqulunqweni isampulu, ukongeza, awanikeli ngqwalaselo yotshintsho ngexesha kwaye akanamandla okuchaza. Uphando olungcono luyafuneka ukumisela ukuba unganceda njani ukunciphisa inqanaba leengxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwingxoxo yemicimbi engacacanga kule ndawo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokungaqiniseki kwesayensi, ukungenelela okumiselweyo kumiselwe kwaye kwenziwa kwizigulana ezizichaza ngokwazo okanye zichongiwe njengezidlulisayo. Oku kuxhalaba ikakhulu kwiimeko apho abantwana bakuba zizigulana ezinjalo. Kwiingxelo ezisemthethweni, sifumana ulwazi malunga nongenelelo olucwangcisiweyo lonyango kunye nonyango lokuhlinzwa lwabantwana abaninzi abaneminyaka yobudala engekazalwa, abanye kubo beneminyaka emithandathu kuphela ubudala, kunye nezinye izisombululo zonyango zabantwana abaneminyaka emibini. Sikholelwa ekubeni akukho mntu unelungelo lokumisela isazisi somntwana oneminyaka emibini. Sinamathandabuzo malunga nokuba izazinzulu ziqonda kakuhle ukuba zithini na imeko yesini sabo emntwaneni, kodwa, ngaphandle kwale nto, sikhathazeke kakhulu ukuba ezi ndlela zonyango, ezonyango kunye nokuhlinzwa kwazo azibonisi bunzima boxinzelelo, Olu lutsha lunamava, kwaye, nangayiphi na imeko, laphambi kwexesha, kuba uninzi lwabantwana abachonga ubuni babo njengokwahlukileyo kwisini sabo semvelo, baba ngabantu abadala, bayala oku kuchongwa. Ukongeza, akukho zifundo zaneleyo ezoneleyo zesiphumo sexesha elide songenelelo. Siyabongoza ukuba balumke kule nto.

Kule ngxelo, sizamile ukuhambisa iseti yezifundo ngendlela eyayiqondakala kakuhle kubabukeli ngokubanzi, kubandakanya iingcali kunye nabafundi abaqhelekileyo. Bonke abantu - oososayensi noogqirha, abazali kunye nootishala, abafundi bezomthetho kunye nabaphembeleli bemicimbi - banelungelo lokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye nesazisi. Ngaphandle kokuchasana okuninzi kwimo yentlalo yethu malunga noluntu lwe-LGBT, akukho luvo lwezopolitiko okanye lwenkcubeko kufuneka luthintele ukufundwa kunye nokuqonda malunga nemicimbi yezempilo kunye noluntu echaphazelekayo kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo kubantu abanengxaki yeengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yesini sabo. isazisi

Umsebenzi wethu ucebisa umkhombandlela wophando lwexesha elizayo kwinzululwazi yebhayoloji, yengqondo kunye neyasentlalweni. Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuze kuchongwe oonobangela bokunyuka kwamanqanaba ezempilo yengqondo kwimigangatho ye-LGBT. Imodeli yoxinzelelo lwasentlalweni, olusetyenziswa ikakhulu kuphando ngesi sihloko, kufuneka luphuculwe, kwaye, ubukhulu becala, longezelelwe zezinye ii-hypotheses. Ukongeza, iimpawu zophuhliso kunye notshintsho kwiminqweno yesini ebomini, ubukhulu becala, aziqondwa kakuhle. Uphando lobugcisa lunokusinceda siqonde ngcono ubudlelwane, impilo yezesondo kunye nemicimbi yezempilo yengqondo.

Ukugxekwa kunye nokhuphiswano lwazo zombini iinxalenye zeparadigm "zizalwe zinje" -zizo zombini iingxelo malunga nobunyani bebhayoloji kunye nokulungiswa kwesini, kunye nengxelo ehambelana nokuzimela kwesini esisigxina kwisini sebhayoloji - iphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokwabelana ngesondo, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, isini, kunye nomntu kunye noluntu Izibonelelo kumbono omtsha. Eminye yale micimbi ingaphaya komda kulo msebenzi, kodwa ezo sele siziqwalasele zibonisa ukuba kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi koninzi lwentetho yoluntu kunye noko kufunyenwe yinzululwazi.

Uphando olucingisisiweyo kunye nokucaciswa ngokucokisekileyo kweziphumo kunokuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu malunga nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye nokwaziwa kwesini. Kusekho umsebenzi omninzi kunye nemibuzo engekazifumani iimpendulo. Sizamile ukwenza ngokubanzi kwaye sichaze iseti entsonkothileyo yezifundo zesayensi kwezinye zezi zihloko. Sinethemba lokuba le ngxelo iza kunceda ekuqhubekeni kwengxoxo evulekileyo malunga nokuba neentlobano zesini kwabantu kunye nesazisi. Silindele ukuba le ngxelo ibangele ukuba abantu basabele kakuhle, kwaye siyayamkela.

Umthombo