Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, abahleli bezona ncwadi zimbini zibalulekileyo kwezonyango kwihlabathi. yamkelwe, oko "Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoncwadi lwezenzululwazi, mhlawumbi isiqingatha, sinokuba bubuxoki.".

Olunye uqinisekiso lwesimo esibuhlungu senzululwazi yale mihla saziswa zizazinzulu ezintathu zaseMelika -uJames Lindsay, uHelen Plakrose noPeter Bogossian, abathe unyaka wonke ngabom babhala ingenantsingiselo kwaphela kwaye bengekho nditsho ubugqwetha "bezenzululwazi" kumacandelo ohlukeneyo ezenzululwazi ukubonisa ubungqina: umbono kule ndima kwakudala boyisa ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo. 

“Kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwizifundiswa, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithile zoluntu. Umsebenzi wesayensi, ayisekelwanga kangako kukhangelo lwenyani njengoko ekuhlawulweni ngokungabikho kokusesikweni, bathabatha indawo eyomeleleyo (ukuba ayongoyisi) apho, kwaye yabo Ababhali bayanda abafundi, ulawulo, kunye namanye amasebe ukulandela umbono wabo wehlabathi. Olu luvo lwehlabathi alusosayensi kwaye aluchanekanga. Kwabaninzi, le ngxaki yaya icaca ngakumbi, kodwa kwakungabikho ubungqina obeyisayo. Ngesi sizathu, sichithe unyaka wonke sisebenza kumacandelo enzululwazi abalulekile kule ngxaki. ”

Ukususela ngo-Agasti 2017, izazinzulu eziphantsi kwamagama obuxoki ziye zafaka amanqaku angama-20 aqulunqiweyo kwiijenali zenzululwazi ezihlonitshwa ngoontanga, ezichazwe njengophando lwezenzululwazi oluqhelekileyo. Izihloko zemisebenzi zahluka, kodwa zonke zizinikele kwiimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulwa "nokungabikho kobulungisa kwezentlalo": izifundo zobufazi, inkcubeko yobudoda, imiba yeengcamango zobuhlanga, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ukunyaniseka komzimba, njalo njalo. Inqaku ngalinye libeka ithiyori ethandabuzayo egxeka omnye okanye omnye “ulwakhiwo lwentlalo” (umzekelo, iindima zesini).

Ngokwembono yezenzululwazi, la manqaku ayengabubudenge kwaye akazange eme ekugxekweni. Ithiyori ezibekiweyo azixhaswanga ngamanani akhankanyiweyo, ngamanye amaxesha babethetha ngemithombo engekhoyo okanye imisebenzi yombhali ofanayo wobuxoki, njalo njalo. Umzekelo, inqaku leThe Dog Park lathi abaphandi baziva izinja ezimalunga ne-10 XNUMX, bebuza abaniniyo malunga nesini abazithandayo. Elinye inqaku licebise ukuba abafundi abamhlophe mabanyanzelwe ukuba bamamele iintetho ngelixa behleli phantsi kwiholo bekwimixokelelwane njengesohlwayo kubukhoboka bookhokho babo. Kwesithathu, ukutyeba okugqithisileyo okusongela impilo kukhuthazwe njengendlela yokuphila esempilweni- "ukutyeba komzimba". Kwesine, kwacetyiswa ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuphulula amaphambili, ngexa indoda icinga owasetyhini wokwenene kwiminqweno yakhe, isenzo sobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo nxamnye naye. Inqaku le-Dildo licebise ukuba ukungena kwamadoda ngokwabo kunye ne-dildos ukuze bangabi nakushukuma ngakumbi, babe ngabasetyhini ngakumbi kwaye babe novakalelo ngakumbi kwizothuso zenkcubeko yokudlwengulwa. Kwaye elinye lamanqaku ngesihloko sobufazi- "Umzabalazo wethu ngumzabalazo wam" -wachazwa ngokupheleleyo ngendlela yobufazi kwisahluko esivela kwincwadi ka-Adolf Hitler "Mein Kampf". 

La manqaku ahlolwe ngempumelelo kwaye apapashwa kwiijenali zenzululwazi ezihlonitshwa ngoontanga. Ngenxa "yomzekelo wabo wesayensi," ababhali bade bafumana izimemo ezi-4 zokuba ngabahlalutyi kwiimpapasho zesayensi, kwaye elinye lawona manqaku angenangqondo, "Ipaki yeNja," yazingca ngendawo kuluhlu lwamanqaku abalaseleyo kwijenali ephambili ye. ijografi yabasetyhini, iSini, indawo kunye neNkcubeko. Ithisisi yale opus yaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

“Iipaki zezinja ziyaluthethelela udlwengulo kwaye zilikhaya kwinkcubeko yokudlwengulwa kwezinja ekhulayo apho ingcinezelo ecwangcisiweyo “yenja ecinezelekileyo” iyenzeka, elinganisa indlela umntu ajongana ngayo nemiba yomibini. Oku kunika ingqiqo malunga nendlela yokushenxisa amadoda kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye nobucalucalulo abatyekele kubo.” 

Owona mbuzo uphakamileyo wokuba omnye wabaphononongi ubuze kukuba ngaba abaphandi bayakubona na ukudlwengulwa kwenja enye ngeyure., nokuba bathe bophula ubumfihlo bezinja ngokuziva izitho zangasese.

Ababhali bathi inkqubo yokuphononongwa, ekufuneka ichaze ucalulo, ayihambelani neemfuno kolu lawulo. Ukutshekishwa okungaqinisekanga kunye nokulinganisa ekufuneka kubonakalise inkqubo yesayensi kuthathelwa indawo sisitali isiqinisekiso sokukhetha, ekhokelela ekufundweni kwale miba ngakumbi nangaphezulu kwindlela elungileyo. Ngokusekwe kwiingcaphulo ezivela kuncwadi olukhoyo, phantse nayiphi na into esefashonini yezopolitiko, neyona nto iphambeneyo, inokupapashwa phantsi komthi “wokufunda okuphezulu,” kuba umntu obuza naluphi na uphando kwinkalo yesazisi, ilungelo elikhethekileyo kunye nengcinezelo usengozini yokutyholwa. ingqondo emxinwa kunye nomkhethe.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wethu, siqale ukubiza uphando kwicandelo lenkcubeko kunye nesazisi "sophando olubi," kuba injongo yabo eqhelekileyo kukuzicombululela inkcubeko kwiinkcukacha ezinkulu, kumzamo wokuchonga ukungalingani kwamandla kunye nengcinezelo eyendeleyo yesazisi. Siyakholelwa ukuba imixholo yesini, yesazisi yobuhlanga kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo ngokuqinisekileyo ifanelwe kuphando,  kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ubavavanye ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Inkcubeko yethu iyalela ukuba kuphela iintlobo ezithile zezigqibo ezamkelekileyo—umzekelo, ubumhlophe okanye ubudoda kufuneka bube yingxaki. Umlo ochasene nokubonakaliswa kokungabikho kokusesikweni kwezentlalo ubekwe ngaphezu kwenyaniso ecacileyo. Nje ukuba ezona ngcinga zoyikekayo nezingenangqiqo zenziwe zibe sefashonini kwezopolitiko, bafumana inkxaso kumanqanaba aphezulu “ophando lwezikhalazo” lwezemfundo. Nangona umsebenzi wethu unzima okanye uneziphene ngabom, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba phantse awubonakali komnye umsebenzi kwezi zifundo.

Yintoni egqibile ukulinga

Kwimisebenzi ye-20 ebhaliweyo, ubuncinci ezisixhenxe ziye zahlolwa ngoososayensi abakhokelayo kwaye zamkelwe ukuze zipapashwe. “Ubuncinci basixhenxe” -nokuba amanye amanqaku asixhenxe abekwinqanaba lokuqwalaselwa kunye nokuphononongwa ngalo lonke ixesha apho izazinzulu kufuneka ziyeke ukuvavanya kwaye ziveze incincito yazo.

"Uphando" olupapashiweyo lwaluhlekisa kangangokuba lwatsala ingqalelo yezazinzulu ezinzulu kuphela ezibonisa ukungabi nangqiqo kwayo, kodwa kunye neentatheli ezizama ukuseka ubunikazi bombhali. Xa umnxibelelanisi weWall Street Journal wabiza inombolo eshiywe ngababhali kwenye yeeofisi zomhleli ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, uJames Lindsay waphendula ngokwakhe. Unjingalwazi akazange azifihle kwaye wathetha ngokunyanisekileyo malunga novavanyo lwakhe, ecela kuphela ukuba angayenzi ifumaneke kuluntu ngokubanzi okwangoku, ukuze yena nabahlobo bakhe abachasayo baphelise iprojekthi ngaphambi kweshedyuli kwaye bashwankathele iziphumo zayo.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Isigculelo sisothusa amaMelika- kwaye ngokubanzi eNtshona - kuluntu lwenzululwazi. Izifundo ezingathandekiyo azingagxeki kuphela kubagxeki, kodwa kunye nabasekeli ababonisa inkxaso yabo kubo. UJames Lindsey urekhode umyalezo wevidiyo ecacisa iinjongo zabo.

Nangona kunjalo, ababhali bovavanyo bathi indlela enye okanye enye idumela labo kwinzululwazi iyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye bona ngokwabo abalindelanga nantoni na elungileyo. UBoghossian uqinisekile ukuba uya kugxothwa eyunivesithi okanye ohlwaywe ngenye indlela. UPluckrose woyika ukuba ngoku angamkelwa kwizifundo zobugqirha. Kwaye uLindsay uthi ngoku uya kuguqukela ekubeni “ngumfundisi ongaphandle kwezemfundo”, oza kuvalwa ekufundiseni nasekupapasheni imisebenzi enzulu yesayensi. Kwangaxeshanye, bonke bayavuma ukuba iprojekthi iye yazithethelela.

"Umngcipheko wokuba uphando olunocalucalulo luya kuqhubeka nokuphembelela imfundo, imithombo yeendaba, ezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko mbi kakhulu kuthi kunayo nayiphi na imiphumo esinokujamelana nayo." -atsho uJames Lindsay.

Iijenali zesayensi apho imisebenzi yefakethi yapapashwa yathembisa ukuba zizakususa kwiiwebhusayithi zazo, kodwa azange ziphawule ngesikhalazo.

Oku kulandelayo kukhutshelwe ileta evulekileyo evela kwizazinzulu "IziFundo ngeZikhalazo zezeFundo kunye noRhwaphilizo kwiSayensi».

Kutheni senze le nto? Ngaba kungenxa yokuba sinobuhlanga, isini, inkanuko, inkanuko, ubungqingili, intsholongwane, i-transysterical, i-anthropic, ingxaki, ilungelo, ilungelo lokudibana, amadoda amakhulu amhlophe ukuvunywa), ebefuna ukuthethelela ubutshinga, ukugcina ilungelo labo kunye necala lentiyo? - hayi. Akukho nanye kwezi zilandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, simangalelwa ngale nto, kwaye siyaqonda ukuba kutheni.

Ingxaki esiyifundayo ibaluleke kakhulu kungekuphela nje kwizifundo, kodwa nakwilizwe lokwenyani nakuwo wonke umntu okuyo. Emva kokuchitha unyaka kwicandelo lezenzululwazi zentlalo kunye noluntu,
ejolise kwimicimbi yobulungisa kwezentlalo,
Kwaye ukuba ifumene ukwamkelwa uchwephesha, ngaphezu kokubona imiphumo eyahlulayo kunye neyonakalisayo yokusetyenziswa kwabo ngabagqugquzeli kunye nezihlwele kumajelo asekuhlaleni, ngoku sinokuthi ngokuzithemba ukuba abalungile kwaye abachanekanga. Ngaphezu koko, le mimandla yokufunda ayiqhubeki nomsebenzi obalulekileyo kunye nohloniphekileyo wenkululeko yemibutho yamalungelo oluntu-bayayingcolisa kuphela ngokusebenzisa igama layo elihle ukuthengisa intlalo "ioli yenyoka" kuluntu olunempilo eqhubeka iyancipha. Ukutyhila intswela-bulungisa kwezentlalo kwaye uyibonise kubantu abathandabuzayo, uphando kule ndawo kufuneka lube lwenzululwazi ngokungqongqo. Okwangoku, oku akunjalo, kwaye yiloo nto kanye evumela ukuba imiba yobulungisa boluntu ingahoywa. Lo ngumba onzima oxhalabisayo kwaye kufuneka siwujonge.

Le ngxaki imele ukuqiniseka okubanzi, phantse okanye okungcwele ngokupheleleyo okuba uninzi lweziphakamiso zibanzi noluntu lwakhiwe ngokwasentlalweni. Ezi ziqulatho zibonwa ziphantse zaxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo ekuhanjisweni kwamandla phakathi kwamaqela abantu, ezihlala zichazwa ngokwesini, ubuhlanga, kunye nesini okanye isini. Zonke izibonelelo ezamkelwe ngokubanzi kwisiseko sobungqina obukholisayo ziveliswa njengemveliso yeenjongo ezingekho ngabom zamaqela anefuthe ukuze kugcinwe amandla abo ngaphezulu kwalawo ebejongelwe phantsi. Umbono wehlabathi onjalo udala isibophelelo sokuziphatha sokuphelisa ezi zinto. 

“Izinto zokwakha ezenzeka ngokwaseburhulumenteni” ezithathwa njengezinengxaki kwaye zibalulekile ukuba zibhekiswe:

Ukuqaqanjiswa kokungaqondani kunye nengqondo yantlukwano phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi, enokuchaza, ubuncinci ngenxalenye, kutheni benza ukhetho olwahlukileyo malunga nomsebenzi, isini kunye nobomi bosapho;

• Uluvo lokuba loo nto ibizwa ngokuba "ngonyango lwaseNtshona" (nangona uninzi lwezazinzulu zonyango zingaveli eNtshona) lubalasele ngeendlela zokuphilisa ngokwesintu nangokomoya;

Inkolelo yokuba ukukhuluphala yingxaki yempilo enciphisa ubomi, hayi ukungabekwa mgaqweni ngokungakhethiyo kwaye nokuba sempilweni nokuzikhethela komzimba ngokulinganayo.

Sithathe le projekthi saza safunda, saqonda kwaye saxela inyani yophando olubi, olonakalisa inkqubela kwezemfundo. Kuba incoko evulekileyo, enyanisekileyo malunga nezihloko zezazisi ezifana nesini, ubuhlanga, isini kunye nokwabelana ngesondo (kunye nezo uzifundayo) ayinakwenzeka, injongo yethu kukuqalisa ezi ncoko kwakhona. Sinethemba lokuba oku kuya kunika abantu, ngakumbi abo bakholelwa kwinkululeko, inkqubela phambili, kule mihla, isifundo esivulekileyo kunye nobulungisa bezentlalo, isizathu esivakalayo sokujonga ubudenge ekuvunyelweneyo obuvela kwizifundiswa ezishiyileyo kunye nezishoshovu ze zithi: “Hayi, andivumelani Ngale nto. Awundixeleli.

Ngokusekelwe kwizixhobo BBC и I-Areo

Ibali liyaqhubeka

Senze okwahlukileyo. Amanqaku aliqela apapashwa kwiijenali zesayensi eziphononongwa ngokutsha, ezazingachanekanga kwaphela kwezopolitiko, kodwa ngokungqongqo kwezenzululwazi, emva koko zapapashwa njengemifanekiso. La manqaku ayaziphikisa izimvo ezixhaswe ngezopolitiko ezenziwa ngabafundi abathandana nabantu besini esinye.

Irhetori yentshukumo ye-LGBT* ekukhanyeni kweenyani zenzululwazi