Ama-antibodies ama-antisperm (ASA) - ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba womuntu ngokumelene nesidoda sama-antigen (I-Krause 2017: 109) Ukwakheka kwe-ASA kungenye yezizathu zokuncipha kokuzala noma i-autoimmune inzalo: I-ASA ithinta umsebenzi we-spermatozoa, shintsha inkambo yokusabela kwe-acrosomal reaction (AR), futhi iphazamise umanyolo, ukufakwa kanye nokukhula kombungu (I-restrepo 2013) imbangela ukuhlukana kwe-DNA (I-Kirilenko 2017) Ucwaningo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezilwane zikhombise ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ASA nokuqothuka kwe-umbungu ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokufakwa (I-Krause 2017: 164) Imiphumela yokuvimbela inzalo ye-ASA iyaphenywa ngesikhathi kusungulwa umuthi wokugomela inzalo kubantu (I-Krause 2017: 251), kanye nokunciphisa nokulawula inani lezilwane zasendle (I-Krause 2017: 268).