IProject 10, ethatha igama layo kusuka ezinganekwaneni zokuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi ungungqingili, yasungulwa ngo-1984 eLos Angeles. Inhloso yale phrojekthi, ngokusho kukathisha ongungqingili uVirginia Uribe, owayisungula, "ngukuqinisekisa abafundi, ukuqala enkulisa, ukwamukela ukuziphatha kobungqingili njengokujwayelekile nokufiselekayo." Uthe kudingekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinkantolo zombuso ukuphoqa izikole ukuthi zisakaze imininingwane ngobungqingili. Ngokusho kwakhe, "izingane kufanele zikuzwe lokhu, kusuka enkulisa kuya esikoleni esiphakeme, ngoba umqondo wakudala wokukhuluma ngakho esikoleni esiphakeme awusebenzi."
Uvumile: “Le yimpi ... Mina, ayikho indawo yokucatshangelwa ngonembeza. Kumele siyilwe le mpi ".

Umuntu othunyelwe: Inhloko ye-Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, u-A. Yu. Popova

Ikhophi: enhloko yomnyango we-Research Institute of Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor, u-V.V. Pokrovsky.

U-Anna Yurievna othandekayo!

UVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky esikhundleni sikaRospotrebnadzor uthe [1] ukubaluleka kwemfundo yezocansi ezikoleni.

1. Sikucela ukuthi wenze uphenyo lwangaphakathi futhi uthole ukuthi iyiphi idatha yesayensi nezibalo uVadim Valentinovich ayenze lesi sitatimende esikhulu. Ingabe kwenziwa njengengxenye yokugcwaliseka okuyimpumputhe kwezidingo zezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe eRussia?

2. Sicela uhlole ukuthi u-Vadim Valentinovich usebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle mayelana nokuzwakalisa isidingo "sokufundisa ngocansi" ezinganeni zaseRussia, nokuthi wayenalo yini ilungelo lokukhulumela i-Rospotrebnadzor.

3. Sikucela ukuthi uhlole ukufaneleka kochwepheshe kukaVadim Valentinovich mayelana nokungahambisani nezitatimende nokucindezelwa kwamaqiniso.

4. Sikucela ukuthi uhlole izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ze-Russian Federation ukuthi ziyahambisana yini namasu okuthuthukisa okuzimele, okuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwabantu (izivumelwano ze-UN zihlose ukwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa), futhi utuse ukuhoxa kulezo zivumelwano ezingathobeli uMthethosisekelo wezwe. iRussian Federation kanye nesu lokuthuthukiswa kweRussia.

5. Sikucela ukuthi ufunde umthelela "wemfundo yocansi" enconywe yi-UN, ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kobufebe kanye nokuqedwa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu ekuphepheni kwe-epidemiological yamaRussia, imiphumela yezempilo kanye nenani labantu.

6. Yenza isitatimende esisemthethweni ngemiphumela yocwaningo.

Ukufunda umbono wobungcweti, izikhalazo zabhalelwa uMnyango Wezemfundo weRussian Federation, kufaka phakathi owesifunda, okhombisa imithombo neziphetho, ngesiphakamiso sokuhlola isidingo sokwethula imfundo yezocansi ezikoleni. Izimpendulo ezingaqondakali zitholakele ngokungamukeleki kwamathonya anjalo ezinganeni, nokungabikho kwezinhlelo zokwethula "imfundo yezocansi". Le minyango ithi umsebenzi wayo kuhloswe ngawo ukudala isimo sokuhlonipha umhlaba wonke ngemikhuba yendabuko nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, ekukhuliseni izingane ngokomoya nangokokuziphatha.

Kulesi simo, isincomo sommeleli we-Rospotrebnadzor ekwethulweni kwe-"seksprosvet" sibukeka okungenani singenamsebenzi.

Izincomo zekomidi le-UN

IKomidi Lezizwe Ezihlangene (i-CEDAW) lingumkhandlu wochwepheshe abazimele ababhekele ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwamaqembu e-United States ku-Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Ukuqaliswa kwalesi sivumelwano (njengeminye imibhalo eminingi ye-UN) kuncishiselwa ekubhujisweni komndeni wendabuko, kufaka phakathi nokufundiswa kwabantu abasha ngentando, okuvezwa "njengemfundo yezocansi".

Lesi kanye nezinye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zisetshenziswa izishoshovu ze-LGBT* ukuze zikhulumele imisebenzi yazo.

Ngaphezu kwesifiso sokusungula umsebenzi wama-NGO NGO aseNtshonalanga endaweni yaseRussia ngaphandle kokubhaliswa ngabasebenzeli bawo bangaphandle, ikomidi le-UN linxusa [2] ukwethula isu eliphelele elibhekiswe kwabesifazane nabesilisa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi, kubandakanya nabaholi bezenkolo , ukuze “kuqedwe izinkolelo-mbono nemibono yezinzalamizi ngendima nezibopho zabesifazane nabesilisa emndenini nasemphakathini”. Kuze kube manje, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe kwikharikhulamu eyimpoqo yezikole zamabanga aphansi kanye namabanga aphezulu izifundo eziphelele ngezempilo yezocansi nokuzala kanye namalungelo ahlobene namantombazane nabafana futhi kwenziwe ngokomthetho ukuthengisa ngomzimba (ichitha i-athikili 6.11 ye-Administrative Code), ngenkathi kuqedwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukukhipha isisu.

Ngamagama alula, ikomidi le-UN lifuna eRussia ukubhujiswa kwezindinganiso zendabuko, kufaka phakathi abaholi bezenkolo, ukwethulwa "kokufundiswa ngocansi", ukuqedwa kokuvimbela ukukhipha isisu kanye nokugunyazwa kobufebe ngokusemthethweni, kubandakanya nokusizwa ngabenzeli bangaphandle.

Ngo-1994, kwasayinwa izivumelwano zaseCairo, kuxoxwa ngokuzalana kwabantu, isakhiwo somndeni, kanye nobulili. Inhloso eyinhloko kwakuwukunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa , okwavezwa ngesimo sobunye sokulingana ngokobulili, ukukhathazeka ngempilo yokuzala yabesifazane, kanye nokuhlonipha amalungelo abo okuzala (okungukuthi, ukukhipha isisu kanye nokuvala inzalo). Izinyathelo ezithile zokususa abantu ezibalwe zazihlanganisa "imfundo yocansi," ukuvimbela inzalo, kanye nenkulumo-ze yokulwa nokulawula inzalo.

Izidingo ezinjalo ziphikisana nezinhlelo zamasu zokuthuthukiswa kweRussian Federation futhi zibukela phansi ukuphepha kwabantu baseRussia, ziphikisana nesinqumo sikamongameli "Ezinhlosweni zentuthuko kazwelonke zeRussian Federation kuze kufike ku-2030", okukhombisa isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukusimama ukukhula kwenani labantu baseRussian Federation, futhi kungaholela ekunciphiseni amandla okuzala kanye neminyaka yokuphila yamaRussia.

Isipiliyoni samazwe omhlaba sokwethula imfundo yezocansi

Igunyazwe i-CDC ngo-2017, ukuhlaziya imeta yezifundo [3] okusolakala ukuthi zafakazela ukusebenza kwezinhlelo "zokufundisa ngocansi" zathola ukuthi beziyikhwalithi ephansi yendlela yokusebenza futhi zinemiphumela engqubuzanayo engazange ivumele ukwenza iziphetho ezicacile.

Ukubuyekezwa konyaka kamuva [4] akubutholanga ubufakazi bokuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa ngocansi ezikoleni ziyasebenza ekwehliseni ukukhulelwa kwentsha nokuvikela i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

Okunye ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta: "Ingabe izinhlelo zesikole ziyayivimbela i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezinganeni?" Kwafika eziphethweni ezifanayo [5]: "Lezi zifundo, kufaka phakathi izilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, bezingezobuciko obuphansi futhi bezineziphetho ezixubekile ebezingakwazi unikeze isizathu esikholisayo sokuphumelela kwezinhlelo zesikole. "

Ngo-2019, abacwaningi abavela kwi-Institute for Research and Evaluation (IRE) bashicilele isibuyekezo somhlaba wonke esihlola izincwadi ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene zemfundo yocansi: imfundo ephelele yocansi (CSE) kanye nemfundo yocansi yokuzithiba kuphela (AE) [6]. Njengoba ababhali balokhu kubuyekezwa bebhala, “Lapho kuhlolwa ngokwemigomo eqinile, isizindalwazi sezifundo eziyi-103 eziqine kakhulu nezakamuva ze-CSE, ezihlolwe ikhwalithi yizinhlangano ezintathu zesayensi ezivelele (i-UNESCO, i-CDC, kanye ne-HHS), sathola ubufakazi obuncane bokusebenza kwe-CSE ezindaweni zesikole kanye nemiphumela eminingi emibi. Kwezimbalwa ezitholwe kahle, cishe zonke zithathwe kubathuthukisi bezinhlelo futhi azikaphindaphindwa. Ucwaningo lweminyaka engamashumi amathathu lubonisa ukuthi imfundo ephelele yocansi akuyona isu lezempilo yomphakathi eliphumelelayo emakilasini emhlabeni jikelele nokuthi lezi zinhlelo zingadala umonakalo .”

Ungayichaza kanjani imisebenzi yabantu abazama ukuphoqelela inqubo engasebenzi neyingozi ezinganeni zethu? Ngabe iRospotrebnadzor ingancoma ukudla kwezingane, izinzuzo zazo ezingakaze zifakazelwe futhi kunobufakazi bokulimala empilweni? Futhi kuthiwani "ngokukhanyiselwa ngocansi"?

Imiphumela yokwethulwa kwezindlela zokufundisa ngezocansi ngokusho kwezindlela ze-WHO

Imininingwane ye-United States inikezwa yi-CDC [7]. Kube nokwanda okubukhali nokuqhubekayo ezimweni zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) eminyakeni yamuva. Izilinganiso ze-STD zikhuphukile unyaka wesihlanu zilandelana [8] futhi zifinyelele emazingeni okurekhoda. Amacala we-syphilis azalwa nayo (adluliselwa kusuka kumama aye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) enyuke ngo-2017% kusuka ngo-2018 kuya ku-40. Ugcunsula azalwe nawo angaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, ukuzala ingane ishonile, nokufa kwengane esanda kuzalwa, kanye nezinkinga ezinzima zomzimba nezenhliziyo ezinde. Kubonakala isithombe esifanayo eNgilandi. Ngokuya ngemininingwane kahulumeni, phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018, inani lokutholakala kwe-chlamydia emadodeni alala namadoda - i-MSM (61%: kusuka ku-11 760 kuya ku-18), ugcunsula (892%: kusuka ku-61 kuya ku-3527) kanye ne-gonorrhea (5681%) : kusuka ku-43 kuya ku-18) [568].

ENetherlands [10], isibalo sokuxilongwa kukagcunsula sikhuphuke ngo-2016% ngo-30 uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2015. Lokhu kukhuphuka kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani lokuthola izifo phakathi kwe-MSM, kokubili nge-HIV nangaphandle kwayo. Ukuhlolelwa ama-STD e-Center for Health Health (CSG) ngo-2019 kukhombisile [11] ukuthi iphesenti labathinteka ngama-STD lenyukile uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2018. Inani lokuxilongwa kukagcunsula linyuke ngo-16,8%, ne-gonorrhea - ngo-11%, ikakhulu ngenxa ye-MSM.

I-Chlamydia yisifo esidluliswa kakhulu ngocansi eFinland. Ngo-2019, kwatholakala ukuthi amacala angaba ngu-16 200 okutheleleka nge-chlamydia, okungaphezu kuka-1000 2018 ngo-80. Lesi yisilinganiso sonyaka esiphakeme kunazo zonke esake sabhalwa kuNational Registry of Infectious Diseases. Ukusabalala kwezifo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha: cishe ama-15% alabo abatholakale beneminyaka eyi-29-12. Isimo se-gonorrhea ne-syphilis naso sikhuphukile [XNUMX].

Ososayensi base-Australia babhala "nge-gonorrhea edlangile phakathi kwamadoda angama-bi nabangqingili" [13].

E-Germany, esikhathini esisuka ku-2010 (unyaka wokushicilelwa kwendlela "yokufundisa ngocansi" i-WHO) kuya ku-2017, izehlakalo zegcunsula zande ngama-83% kuya kuma-9,1 amacala kubantu abangu-100 [000].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo sabantu abathanda ubungqingili siyakhula phakathi kwentsha, futhi isibalo sabantu abanenkinga yobunikazi bobulili - "i-dysphoria yobulili" sanda njengobhubhane, kuyilapho ukwanda okulinganayo kwezifo ezithinta i-MSM akwenzi. vumela ukwanda kwenani labantu be-LGBT* ukuba kuchazwe ngokuvuleka okwandisiwe kwabaphendulayo bodwa [14].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVCJUuh-pCk

Ngokusho kukaYougov [15]: "Ngo-2019, babecishe babe yisigamu isibalo" sabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile "phakathi kwabantu baseBrithani abaneminyaka eyi-18-24 kunabantu abasesigabeni sabadala (44% uma kuqhathaniswa no-81%). Uma kwinhlolovo efanayo ngonyaka ka-2015 bangu-2% kuphela abantu abasha abazikhomba "njengabesilisa nabesifazane", bese kuthi eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva inani labo lenyuke amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili - laze lafika ku-8% ”.

Phakathi kwabantu abanezintandokazi zobungqingili, kukhona ukwanda kokuziphatha okuyingozi nokutheleleka. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu kuyehla, futhi ososayensi babikezela ukwehla okwengeziwe ekusetshenzisweni kwekhondomu [16].

Kusuka kusizindalwazi se-CDC [17]: “I-MSM (amadoda aya ocansini namadoda) asengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV namanye ama-STD amagciwane namagciwane ngoba enza ucansi lwendunu. I-rectal mucosa isengozini ngokungavamile kuma-pathogens wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ukwengeza, abalingani bobulili abaningi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nokuguquguquka kocansi okunenethiwekhi ye-MSM kwandisa ingozi ye-HIV kanye nezifo zocansi kuleli qembu. Izehlakalo zokutheleleka nge-HIV zehla kakhulu phakathi kwe-MSM kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kuya maphakathi nawo-1990. Nokho, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-MSM e-United States kanye cishe nawo wonke amazwe anezimboni aye abhekana namazinga andayo kagcunsula wangaphambi kwesikhathi (owukuqala, owesibili, noma oquke kancane), isipatsholo, ukutheleleka nge-chlamydial, namazinga aphezulu okuziphatha okuyingozi kobulili.”

Enkulumweni yakhe, uVadim Valentinovich, ekhuluma ngesimo se-HIV eNtshonalanga, akakunaki ukusho ukuthi lokhu kwehla akufezwanga ngokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi phakathi kwabantu, ikakhulukazi abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kodwa ngokusebenzisa imithi phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini. Yena ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka phakathi kwentsha engaphezu kweminyaka engama-23-25 ​​ubudala, kodwa uphikelela ekuqaliseni imfundo yocansi ezikoleni, kunokuba kamuva kube ngamalungu asengozini njengezifebe, abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kanye nabasebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Incwadi yoMnyango Wezempilo weRussian Federation yomhla zingama-22 kuNdasa 2018 No. 15-3/10/2-1811 ethi “Ngokuphathelene nokwanda kokutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni” ithi: “Ukutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni kubangelwa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni .”

Ulwazi lokuthi ubungqingili sebuyindlela eyinhloko yokutheleleka nge-HIV luyaphikiswa kulo mbhalo (idatha ye-HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2020: 2019) [19], othi idatha ngabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo “kufanele ihunyushwe ngokuqapha” njengoba “Ezinye izifundo ezenziwe engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSifunda zithole ukuthi ulwazi ngezindlela zokudluliselana lungase lube nobandlululo, njengoba iziguli eziningi ezibhaliswe njengezigameko zokutheleleka kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo zinomlando wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokujova noma, uma kwenzeka kwabesilisa, ucansi phakathi kwamadoda .” Lokhu kuyavunywa yi-AIDS Center [ https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/ ] kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abagcizelela isidingo sokuvimbela i-HIV emaqenjini asengozini, okungukuthi phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, ahlala ehola ekudlulisweni kwe-HIV e-EU/EEA.

Umbiko waseYurophu, ochaza izinyathelo zokulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV, uthi kufanele zisekelwe ebufakazini besayensi (idatha yesayensi efakazela ukuphumelela "kokufundisa ngocansi", akukho) futhi ubala izinyathelo ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola okuvamile, isaziso sozakwethu. , i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxile ngokukhethekile ekufinyeleleni amaqembu abalulekile asengozini [ongqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili namanye amadoda abalala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa]. Lo mbiko awusho lutho ngesidingo sokufundiswa ngezocansi ezinganeni ezikoleni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izifo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesikole lapho zineminyaka ephakathi kuka-37.

Izingane zaseRussia noma ngaphandle kwe- "seksprosvet" zithola imininingwane eyanele mayelana nokwakheka kohlelo lokuzala ezifundweni zebhayoloji, futhi zijwayelana nama-STD nezindlela zokuzivikela kwazo ngevolumu ephelele futhi edingekayo ezifundweni ze-OBZH. Umbiko we-FBSI we-Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor uthi “ingxenye yentsha kanye nentsha yehla ngo-2020 yaya ku-0,9%; ngo-2000, babalelwa ku-24,7% wokutheleleka nge-HIV okusha, kwathi ngo-2010 - 2,2% ”. ERussia, ngo-1996, kwenziwa umzamo wokuqhuba izifundo zokulinga ngemfundo yezocansi, ngenkathi kwakukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwezifo zocansi.

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha bafuna ukuyeka "ukukhuthazwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo", eyethulwa isikhungo semethodolo "Holis", ngosizo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungeneliseki kwabazali kwaqiniswa ukuhlolwa okungekuhle neze kweCentre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service ngaphansi kukaMongameli weRussia Federation kanye neNational Scientific Center for Narcology yaseRoszdrav. Kubonakala sengathi umbuzo "wokufundiswa ngocansi" ekugcineni uvaliwe eziphathimandla eziphakeme, kepha umbuzo uphakanyiswe lapho bebengalindele khona - kusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Isigaba somthetho 9.6 semithetho yenhlanzeko kanye nezifo ze-SP 3.1.5.2826-10 sivumela ukulawulwa kwemiyalo engafakazelwa ngokwesayensi emkhakheni wezemfundo, engaba yinkinga yokuphepha kuzwelonke futhi iphikisane nezinhloso zokuthuthukisa amasu eRussia Federation - umnotho wezwe, kusukela izifundo zemfundo yezocansi Kunconywa njengengxenye yezindlela zokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-HIV kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zifaka phakathi ukwenza ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili kube yicala, ukushintshela kobulili obufanayo, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, imikhuba yocansi engeyona eyemvelo ( ucansi lwendunu ), kanye nokungabi nabantwana; ukukhawulela ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezinye izinto eziheha izingane ukuba ziphile ngendlela eyingozi; kanye nokusebenza namaqembu asengozini.

Izinhloso "zokukhanyiselwa ngocansi"

Siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde isihloko esinemininingwane eminingi seqembu elithi “ Science for Truth ” [ https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/ ] mayelana nemigomo nemiphumela yokusebenzisa “imfundo yocansi” ngokwezindlela ze-UN.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNyuvesi yase-Akron luthole ukuthi imfundo yezocansi iholela ekutheni abafundi babekezelele futhi bangabi nobutha ekuphambukeni kwezocansi (okungangabazeki ukuthi kukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya kubo).

Umqondisi we-Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) uSergei Naryshkin wenze izitatimende eziningi ezibalulekile emhlanganweni wamazwe omhlaba ophathelene nezindaba zokuphepha e-Ufa. Uqinisekile ukuthi ngaphansi kwesizathu "sokukhulula abantu" amabutho e-oda lomhlaba omusha alwa impi enenhloso elwa namagugu endabuko kanye nobuzwe. Kulokhu, abantu abasha bacubungulwa ngokuphelele.

“Ukuze kusheshiswe ukuwohloka komqondo wobulili, ukubaluleka komndeni nomshado, izinhlelo ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe “amalungelo” omphakathi we-LGBT*, ukusabalalisa imibono yobufazi eqinile... Iphuzu liwukwenza abantu babe bodwa, abantu abaphethwe yi-neurotic disorders abanesimo sokuqaphela esishintshe unomphela. Kuyacaca ukuthi abantu abanjalo bayizisulu ezifanele zokukhohlisa, ikakhulukazi uma bebambe i-iPhone exhunywe kunethiwekhi. "

Ukubingelela okuhle, iqembu leSayensi Yeqiniso

Izincwadi

1. https://lenta.ru/news/2020/12/04/sekposvett/
2. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (isixhumanisi esifushane https://vk.cc/bVLoGS).
3. UMirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Ngabe Izinhlelo Ezenzelwe Esikoleni Ziyayivimba Yini I-HIV Nezinye Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi Ezintsha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta. Okwedlule kweSci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
4. UMarseille, E., Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA et al. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwentsha ezenzelwe isikole e-USA: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. Okwedlule kweSci 19, 468-489 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0861-6
5. Mirzazadeh A, Biggs MA, Viitanen A, Horvath H, Wang LY, Dunville R, Barrios LC, Kahn JG, Marseille E. Ngabe Izinhlelo Ezisuselwa Esikoleni Ziyayivikela I-HIV Nezinye Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi Ezinganeni Ezintsha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta. Okwedlule kweSci. 2018 Meyi; 19 (4): 490-506. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0. PMID: 28786046.
6. U-Ericksen, u-Irene H., no-Weed, no-Stan E. (2019). "Ukuhlola Kabusha Ubufakazi Bokufunda Ngocansi Okuphelele Esikoleni: Ukubuyekezwa Komhlaba Wonke." Izinkinga Kwezomthetho Nezokwelapha, 34 (2): 161-182.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2019/2018-STD-surveillance-report.html
9. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables
10. https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/sexually-transmitted-infections-including-hiv-in-netherlands-in-2016
11. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html
12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. UCallander D, uGuy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; Ukusebenzisana KOKUFINYELELA. I-gonorrhea iphelile: ukukhuphuka kwesigameko se-gonorrhea kanye nezici ezihambisana nobungozi phakathi kwamadoda athandana nabesilisa nabesifazane abaya emitholampilo yezempilo yase-Australia. Impilo Yezocansi. 2019 Septhemba; 16 (5): 457-463. i-doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. I-PMID: 30409244.
14. UMercer CH, uFenton KA, uCopas AJ, uWellings K, u-Erens B, uMcManus S, uNanchahal K, uMacdowall W, uJohnson AM. Ukwanda okwandayo kobudlelwano besilisa nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo eBrithani 1990-2000: ubufakazi obuvela ocwaningweni lwamazwe lukazwelonke. Ingculaza. 2004 Julayi 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. i-doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. I-PMID: 15199322.
15. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2019/07/03/one-five-young-people-identify-gay-lesbian-or-bise
16. UFairley CK, uPrestst G, uBernstein K, uMayer K, uGilbert M. 2020, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kanye ne-HIV kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abalala nabesilisa. Ezempilo Ezocansi. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920748/
19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Impendulo 1 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

Kudingeke ukuthi ngibhale isikhalazo sesibili kulokhu kuzikhipha ohlwini.

Impendulo eyatholwa ngoMashi 4, 2021, uNombolo 09-3929-2021-05, esicelweni esivela eqenjini elithi " Science for Truth ," elithunyelwe yiSenator waseRussia uMargarita Nikolaevna Pavlova, ayizange icabange kuphela ngekhono likaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky kodwa futhi nangekhono likaRospotrebnadzor, omelelwe ngu-Irina Viktorovna Bragina. Impendulo yakhe yayimangalisa kokubili ngenxa yokungalaleli kwayo (impendulo yayihlanganisa isihloko esingashiwongo esicelweni, "Ekuqhubeni ukuhlolwa kokusebenzisa indawo yemfundo yedijithali") kanye neziphetho ezingenabufakazi zombiko we-European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpikiswano, imithombo, kanye nesiphakamiso sokutadisha izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zaseRussia esicelweni esivela ku-"Science for Truth" azinakwanga.

I-Rospotrebnadzor ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela inhlalakahle yomuntu, futhi uma abantu abangakwazi ukusebenzisana nemithombo yesayensi nezibalo behlanganyela kulo msebenzi, inhlalakahle isengozini ecacile, engacatshangelwa nguHulumeni waseRussia Federation. neziphetho ezifanele zenhlangano.

Ngokomthethonqubo we-Rospotrebnadzor, “Inhloko Yenkonzo Kahulumeni Yokuqondisa Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Abathengi Nenhlalakahle Yabantu inesibopho mathupha ngokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi eyabelwe Isevisi. Inhloko ye-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare inamasekela aqokwe futhi axoshwa uHulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia ngesiphakamiso senhloko Yesevisi.

Ake sihlaziye amaphutha athile empendulweni ka-Irina Viktorovna

Ingabe ukuthandana kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile sekuyindlela ehamba phambili yokudlulisela i-HIV?

Isisho sokuthi ukudluliselwa kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile sekuyiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV siyaphikiswa embhalweni ngokwawo ocashunwe ngu-Irina Viktorovna (ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV/AIDS eYurophu 2020: idatha ka-2019), othi idatha ngabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile “kufanele ihunyushwe ngokuqapha” njengoba “Ezinye izifundo ezenziwe engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSifunda zithole ukuthi ulwazi ngemizila yokudluliselwa lungase lube nobandlululo, njengoba iziguli eziningi ezibhaliswe njengamacala okutheleleka kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile zinomlando wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokujova noma, uma kwenzeka kwabesilisa, ucansi phakathi kwamadoda .” Lokhu kuyavunywa yi-AIDS Center [ https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/ ] kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abaphikelela esidingweni sokuvimbela i-HIV emaqenjini asengozini, okungukuthi phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, ahlala ehola ekudlulisweni kwe-HIV e-EU/EEA.

Isiphetho esingenangqondo mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kokwehla kwezehlakalo ze-HIV kanye nokufundisa ngocansi

Ecaphuna "idatha yokuqapha i-HIV/AIDS eYurophu ka-2020: 2019," u-Irina Viktorovna uthi izinga le-HIV eFrance liphakeme kabili kunelaseJalimane, futhi wenza isiphetho esingenasisekelo sokuthi ukwehla kwezinga le-HIV kuhlobene nemfundo yezocansi ezikhungweni zemfundo, okuyimpoqo eJalimane. Ube esebhala ngesidingo sokwandisa izinhlelo zemfundo ezinjalo eRussia. Lokhu kuyisitatimende esingenasisekelo, njengoba umbhalo okukhulunywa ngawo ungenzi siphetho esinjalo futhi awukhulumi nhlobo ngezinhlelo zemfundo yezocansi. Ushiya ulwazi mayelana neqiniso lokuthi ngo-2019, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018, izinga le-HIV eJalimane landa lisuka ku-3,5 laya ku-3,7 kubantu abayi-100,000. NaseFrance , lapho imfundo yezocansi ingeyona impoqo, yehla . E-Estonia, lapho imfundo yezocansi iyimfuneko, izinga le-HIV liphakeme kunezinga eJalimane naseFrance zihlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eJalimane, njengase-US naseYurophu, izinga lezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi liyakhula, naphezu kokwethulwa kwamakilasi emfundo yezocansi, okuphakamisa ezinye izizathu zokwehla kwezinga le-HIV. EJalimane, phakathi kuka-2010 no-2017, izinga lokutheleleka nge-syphilis landa ngo-83% laya kumacala angu-9,1 kubantu abayi-100,000.

Umbiko waseYurophu, ochaza izinyathelo zokulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV, uthi kufanele zisekelwe ebufakazini besayensi (idatha yesayensi efakazela ukusebenza kahle "kwemfundo yocansi" - cha) futhi ubala izinyathelo ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola okuvamile, ukwaziswa kozakwethu, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. -i-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxile ngokukhethekile ekufinyeleleni amaqembu abalulekile asengozini [ongqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa]. Lo mbiko awusho lutho ngesidingo sokufundiswa ngocansi ezinganeni ezikoleni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izifo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesikole lapho zineminyaka ephakathi kuka-37. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekisela kuka-Irina Viktorovna embhalweni we-WHO kuwumzamo wokufaka isicelo kuziphathimandla ezingamanga (argumentum ad verecundiam), futhi impendulo yakhe, engasekelwe kudatha yombhalo ocashuniwe, ihloselwe ukudukisa uSenator weRussian Federation.

Ngisho noma kungekho "imfundo yocansi," izingane zaseRussia zithola ulwazi olwanele mayelana nesakhiwo sesimiso sokuzala emakilasini ebhayoloji, futhi zimbozwe ngokugcwele nangokufanele emakilasini okuphepha kokuphila mayelana nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kanye nezindlela zokuzivimbela. Umbiko ovela kwi-Central Research Institute of Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor uthi "inani lentsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha lehle laya ku- 0,9% ngo-2020 ; ngo-2000, babalelwa ku-24,7% wezifo ezintsha ze-HIV, kwathi ngo-2010, kwaba ngu-2,2% . ERussia, ngo-1996, kwaqalwa ukuhlolwa kwezifundo zemfundo yocansi, kodwa kwabonakala ukwanda okukhulu kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

Umlando uyaziphinda

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha bafuna ukuyeka "ukukhuthazwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo", eyethulwa isikhungo semethodolo "Holis", ngosizo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungeneliseki kwabazali kwaqiniswa ukuhlolwa okungekuhle neze kweCentre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service ngaphansi kukaMongameli weRussia Federation kanye neNational Scientific Center for Narcology yaseRoszdrav. Kubonakala sengathi umbuzo "wokufundiswa ngocansi" ekugcineni uvaliwe eziphathimandla eziphakeme, kepha umbuzo uphakanyiswe lapho bebengalindele khona - kusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Isigaba somthetho 9.6 semithetho yenhlanzeko kanye ne-epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 eshiwo empendulweni ivumela ukubizela iziyalezo ezingenasisekelo ngokwesayensi emkhakheni wezemfundo, okungaba inkinga yokuphepha kwezwe futhi kungqubuzane nezinjongo zamasu zokuthuthukiswa kweRussian Federation - ukonga. abantu, njengoba izifundo zokufundisa ngocansi zinconywa njengengxenye yezindlela zokunciphisa inzalo.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-HIV kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kungaba ukwethulwa kwezijeziso zobugebengu zokugqugquzela ubungqingili, ubulili obuhlukile, ukudakwa ngokweqile, izenzo zocansi ezingezona ezemvelo (ucansi lwendunu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili nezinye izinto ezihilela izingane endleleni yokuphila eyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqembu asengozini.

Ukubamba iqhaza ekuvimbeleni ulwazi oluyingozi yiRospotrebnadzor kungasebenzi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zitholakala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, amasayithi okusingatha amavidiyo, izitolo zezincwadi, i-cinema nethelevishini.

Siphoqeleka ukuba sihlambalaze ozakwethu baseRussia ngokuthula (ezincwadini zesayensi), okungase kufane nokukhaphela, ngoba bayaqonda ukuthi izinguquko zomphakathi zincike ezenzakalweni zomphakathi wesayensi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yengqondo kanye nengqondo, lapho, ngaphansi ingcindezi evela kuzishoshovu ze-LGBT* kososayensi, Iziyaluyalu zengqondo ziya ngokuya zibonwa njengento evamile futhi zikhuthazwa njengokuziphatha okuvamile: okokuqala ubungqingili, bese kuba i-transsexualism kanye ne-sadomasochism ene-pedophilia, engabangeli ukukhathazeka esigulini. Yini elandelayo?

Isikhalazo seqembu elithi "Science for Truth," esisekelwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-40, siphakamisa ukusiza ososayensi kulo msebenzi onzima—ukulondoloza ubukhosi besayensi baseRussia: " Qinisekisa ukuthi ososayensi baseRussia bangaveza isimo sabo sesayensi ngaphandle kokwesaba imisebenzi yabo kanye namaholo abo. Ingxenye yebhonasi yemiholo yososayensi incike emsebenzini wabo wokushicilela. Ngaphansi kwezimo 'zokulunga kwezepolitiki' kanye nokuhlolwa, omagazini baseNtshonalanga naseRussia abanethonya elikhulu abashicileli imisebenzi ephikisana nenqubomgomo yokususa izimbangela zokuziphatha kokususwa kwabantu (inkulumo-ze yobungqingili, ukuguquka kobulili, kanye nokunye ukuphambuka kobulili), okubeka ingcindezi engakaze ibonwe ekuvezeni ngokukhululekile izikhundla zesayensi. Ososayensi besatshiswa obala ubushiqela bobulili." [ https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/ ].

Kumuntu weRospotrebnadzor, umphakathi ungathanda ukubona umlingani, hhayi abalingani nabahlanganyeli abazama ukwethula izindlela zokonakalisa izingane zaseRussia.

Ekuphetheni, ngingathanda ukuphinda isicelo sami engisithumele ngaphambilini sokusithatha ngokungathi sína, nginaka imininingwane nemithombo yezenzo eziphakanyisiwe.

Impendulo 2 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

UPopova A.Yu.

Iqembu leSayensi yeQiniso , ngoSenator Margarita Nikolaevna Pavlova, lithumele isikhalazo kunhloko yeRospotrebnadzor, u-Anna Yuryevna Popova, mayelana nesitatimende sikaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky "ngokubaluleka kwemfundo yocansi ezikoleni."

Ngemuva kwempendulo yokuqala, eyadukisa i-senator, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngesithunzi se-Rospotrebnadzor, isikhalazo sesibili sathunyelwa esibonisa ukushiyeka kokuphikisana kwempendulo.

Impendulo ivela ku- A.Yu. U-Popova wamangala hhayi ngaphansi kwempendulo yephini lakhe. Zonke izicelo eziyisi-6 zesikhalazo azizange zizitshwe.

A.Yu. UPopova, egameni leRospotrebnadzor, ukhiphe impendulo yesibili, lapho ephinda ezama ukudukisa uSenator M.N. I-Pavlov kanye nomphakathi waseRussia wamazwe ngamazwe. Mhlawumbe ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi ukubekwa kwezindlela ezingezona ezesayensi zemfundo yezocansi, ezingajwayelekile ezimisweni zabantu bezwe lethu, kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuhlangana.

"Imfundo yezocansi" inconywa njengengxenye "yokuxazulula izinkinga zokugcwala ngokweqile", okuphikisana ngokuqondile nezinhlelo zamasu zeRussian Federation zokwandisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Zonke izingxabano nemithombo yesikhalazo sethu esiphindaphindiwe ku-Rospotrebnadzor azizange zishaywe indiva. Isikhalazo sesithathu kufanele sibhalelwe izinsizakalo ezikhethekile, uHulumeni kanye nezikhungo zomthetho.

U-A.Yu. Popova, naphezu kobufakazi besayensi obuvezwe mayelana nokulimala noma ukungabi namsebenzi "kwemfundo yocansi," naphezu kokwanda kwezehlakalo kanye nobukhulu benani labantu be-LGBT* emazweni asebenzisa "imfundo yocansi," naphezu kombiko waseYurophu otusa izinyathelo ezisekelwe ebufakazini emaqenjini asengozini (ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa okuvamile, isaziso sabalingani, ukuvimbela ukuchayeka ngaphambi kokuvezwa phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, kanye nabanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, kanye nabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa), ugomela ngokungenasisekelo ukuthi "indawo yemfundo ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuhlela imizamo yokuvimbela i-HIV/AIDS phakathi kwentsha kanye nabantu abasha ." Ngesikhathi esifanayo engayinaki nhlobo iqiniso lokuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka eneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-37. Incwadi yoMnyango Wezempilo we-Russian Federation yangoMashi 22, 2018 No. 15-3/10/2-1811 ethi "Ngokuphathelene nezehlakalo zokutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni" ithi: "Ukutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni kubangelwa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni . "

Esikhundleni sokuphendula idatha yesayensi neyezibalo u-V.V. Pokrovsky asekela kuyo isitatimende sakhe mayelana nokubaluleka "kwemfundo yocansi," u-A.Yu. Popova uthe ubelokhu ehilelekile ngokomsebenzi ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwe-HIV eRussian Federation iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 futhi, ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakhe eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho , ukhuthaza isidingo semfundo ehlelekile ngokuvimbela i-HIV edluliselwa ngocansi ezikhungweni zemfundo . Kodwa-ke, akacacisi ukuthi umsebenzi ophumelelayo wobungcweti kaVadim Pokrovsky waholela kanjani ekubhebhethekeni kwesimo se-epidemiological.

Umbuzo uwukuthi, kusukela nini isipiliyoni somsebenzi ka-V.V. I-Pokrovsky, hhayi amaphepha esayensi kanye nezifundo ezishicilelwe, zaba ubufakazi besidingo sokungenelela empilweni yobulili yentsha? Iminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho ayisho lutho mayelana nokusebenza kwayo futhi akubona ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bokubaluleka "kwemfundo yocansi".

Esikhundleni sokutusa “imfundo yobulili” ezinganeni, u-V. V. I-Pokrovsky kufanele iphakamise izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa inani labantu be-MSM kanye nokuziphatha okuyingozi. Izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zingabandakanya ukwethulwa kwezijeziso zobugebengu zokugqugquzela ubungqingili, ubulili obuhlukile, ukudakwa ngokweqile, ukudayisa ngomzimba, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa, izenzo zocansi ezingezona ezemvelo (ucansi lwendunu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili nezinye izinto ezihilela izingane endleleni yokuphila eyingozi. Sebenza namaqembu asengozini (ongqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa).

Besithemba ukuthi i-Rospotrebnadzor izobamba iqhaza elikhulu ekutadisheni umthelela "wemfundo yocansi" nezinye izindlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa elituswe yi-UN, imiphumela yabo kwezempilo kanye nezibalo zabantu, futhi ihlole izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation ukuze zihambisane. ngamasu okuthuthukiswa okuzimele kweRussia.

E-Rospotrebnadzor, umphakathi ungathanda ukubona umlingani, hhayi abalingani kanye nabalingani abazama ukusebenzisa izindlela zokonakalisa izingane zaseRussia ngokuhambisana nezincomo zeKomidi le-UN (CEDAW), elifuna ukuthi iRussia ibhubhise izindinganiso zendabuko, okuhlanganisa nabaholi benkolo, yethule "imfundo yocansi ," iqede ukuvimbela ukukhipha isisu, futhi yenze ubufebe bube semthethweni, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngosizo lwamanxusa angaphandle.

I-Rospotrebnadzor ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela inhlalakahle yomuntu, futhi uma abantu abangakwazi ukusebenzisana nemithombo yesayensi nezibalo behlanganyela kulo msebenzi, inhlalakahle isengozini ecacile, engacatshangelwa nguHulumeni waseRussia Federation. neziphetho ezifanele zenhlangano.

PS
Ngesicelo (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) ethunyelwe umsizi kusekela le-State Duma ye-Russian Federation, uchwepheshe waphakade kanye nesikhulumi se-2nd WG kwezemfundo, ukukhuliswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezingane zoMkhandlu Womphakathi ngaphansi koKhomishana Wamalungelo Ezingane ngaphansi kukaMongameli we Russian Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor akakaphenduli.

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"Imfundo" yezocansi ezikoleni - ubuchwepheshe bokuchithwa kwabantu