Kusuka ekufayilini I-RBC, i-Fontanka nezinye iziteshi zemithombo yezindaba ezingamele imibono yeningi labantu baseRussia, izingcingo zokwethulwa "kwemfundo yocansi" eRussia zaqala ukusabalala njengekhwela. Kwelinye lamaqembu engosi yezokuxhumana i-Facebook (evinjelwe eRussian Federation), kwaze kwenziwa inhlolo-vo, okwathi ngayo “amaphesenti angu-75 abantu baseRussia asekela umbono wokwethulwa kwezifundo zokufundisa ngobulili ezikoleni.” Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izingxenye ezintathu kwezine kuphela zalaba "baseRussia" babe nezingane. Sithemba ukuthi abahleli bale nhlolovo nalabo abavotile bazobuyekeza imininingwane ehlinzekwe lapha. amaqiniso futhi bazokwazi ukulinganisa umbono wabo.
Inkulumo-ze yesidingo "semfundo yezocansi" ivela ezindebeni ezifanayo ezikhuthaza umthetho othi "Udlame Lwasekhaya" (i-RLS), ebhalwe ngokwezifanekiso "Umhlangano wase-Istanbul", Okushiywa amazwe abecabanga ngobukhosi nokuphepha kwabantu. Ngokusobala, kusalungiswa omunye umthethosivivinywa noma umkhankaso womphakathi wokukhuthaza amaphrojekthi wokuncipha kwabantu eRussia. Kuzoba mnandi ukubona ukuthi ngubani oza nalezi zinhlelo manje.
Ngokuvamile baqala ukusebenza ngo-December 1, lapho, ngaphansi kosongo lwamanga lokusabalalisa i-HIV phakathi kwezingane, behlanganyela ekunukubezweni, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sezifundo zemfundo yocansi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indlela eyinhloko yokuthelela izingane ukudluliselwa okuqondile kusuka kumama kuya enganeni. , njengoba uyazisa UMnyango Wezempilo.
Ku-2020, kunkulumo-ze ye- "seksprosvet" ujoyinile ngisho neRospotrebnadzor, emelwe yinhloko yomnyango we-Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor Vadim Pokrovsky.
UMarkova Maria Vladimirovna wasebenzisa ithuba elifanele ngaphambi kwalokho wabeka umthethosivivinywa ophakamisa ukuthi “Isidingo sokubeka ukuvinjelwa ekusatshalalisweni kolwazi kudinga ukwenqatshwa kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kutholakale ukutheleleka nge-HIV kanye (noma) nokwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV (i-AIDS) kanye nezinyathelo zomthwalo wokusatshalaliswa kwayo". Kungabonakala njengesinyathelo esiwusizo, kepha ngemuva kokuzulazula emathunjini omthetho, lo mbhalo uthola ithuba elingalindelekile: "Akuvunyelwe ukusabalalisa imininingwane equkethe izingcingo zokwenqaba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, i-prophylaxis kanye / noma ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV".
Njengoba ungacabanga, ngamagama anjalo, izifundo emfundweni yezocansi kanye neminye imisebenzi yokunukubezwa kwezingane iba okuyisibopho, njengasentshonalanga, futhi inikeza isijeziso abazali ngokuzama ukuvikela izingane zabo ekuhlukunyezweni.
Sizobheka izizathu zokwethulwa kwemfundo yezocansi, enconywe yi-UN ne-WHO, "ukusebenza" kwayo nemiphumela, okungukuthi, ukuyibeka kancane, ayikhuthazi.
"Ukuphumelela" kwezinhlelo zokufundisa ngocansi ezikoleni
Kuthunyelwe yi-CDC ngo-2017 ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta Izifundo okusolwa ukuthi zifakazele ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo "zokufundisa ngocansi" ziveze ukuthi bezingezansi kwekhwalithi yezindlela futhi zinemiphumela ephikisanayo, engavumi ukwenza iziphetho ezicacile.
Uhlolojikelelekwenziwe unyaka kamuva akatholanga abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa ngocansi ezikoleni ziyasebenza ekwehliseni ukukhulelwa kwentsha nokuvikela i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
Okunye ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta: “Ngabe izinhlelo zesikole ziyayivimba yini i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezinganeni?"Kwafinyelelwa eziphethweni ezifanayo:" Izifundo, kufaka phakathi izilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, bezingezinhle kakhulu futhi zineziphetho ezixubekile ezinganikezi isisekelo esikholisayo sokuphumelela kwezinhlelo zesikole. " Okuphumelele kakhulu bekungeyona uhlelo lokufundisa ngocansi, kepha uhlelo lweminyaka eyi-6 olususelwa ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi.
Kusukela ngo-2010, uMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu wase-US (HHS) uxhase izifundo eziningi ezihlola ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwentsha ekuziphatheni kwabantu abasha engozini yocansi. imiphumela ukuhlaziywa kwemeta ucwaningo olunjalo olwenziwe phakathi kuka-2015 no-2019 futhi olunikezwe i-HHS alunikezi usekelo olubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele kwaleli qembu lezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Isiqondiso semiphumela sasixubile, futhi akukho neyodwa yazo eyafinyelela ukubaluleka kwezibalo.
Ku-2019, ososayensi abavela ku-Institute for Research and Evaluation (IRE) eshicilelwe ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke olwalubheka ukushicilelwa kwezazi ezihlola izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokufundisa ngezocansi: Imfundo Yezocansi Ephelele (CSE) kanye Nokuziyeka Kuze Kuhlanganiswe Imfundo Yezocansi (AE).
Imiphumela abayitholile iqinisekisa imininingwane yangaphambilini. Ezifundweni ezingama-103 ezifundwe, zintathu kuphela ezikhombise imiphumela emihle. Ucwaningo lwe-3 luthole imiphumela eyingozi ye-Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE). Abanye bakhombisile ukuthi izifundo ezinjalo ezikoleni azisizi ngalutho. Ezifundweni eziyi-16 zokwakheka kokuziyeka (AE), eziyi-17 zikhombise imiphumela eqhubekayo, kanti eyodwa ikhombise ukulimala kwalolo qeqesho. Lokho wukuthi, umsebenzi omningi ukhombisa ukungabi nalutho kokungenelela kwesikole nombuso ekukhuleni kwengane ngokocansi.
Njengoba ababhali balesi sibuyekezo bebhala, "Lapho yahlulelwa ngemibandela evumelekile, i-database ye-103 yezifundo ezinamandla kunazo zonke nezakamuva kakhulu ze-CSE ezivivinywa yizikhungo ezintathu zesayensi ezaziwayo (i-UNESCO, i-CDC ne-HHS) ikhombise ubufakazi obuncane bokusebenza kwe-CSE esimweni sesikole nemiphumela emibi eminingi. Lapho kwakukhona ubufakazi obuthile, cishe bonke batholwa Onjiniyela izinhlelo futhi azikadlalwa. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yocwaningo khombisa ukuthi imfundo ephelele yezocansi akuyona isu elisebenzayo lempilo yomphakathi emakilasini emhlabeni wonke nokuthi lezi zinhlelo zingaba yingozi".
Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kuholela ekwandeni kwenani lezivivinyo zocansi ezingxenyeni zabafundi, ukwanda kwenani labalingani bezocansi kanye nokwenza ucansi ngokujwayelekile, kanye nokuwohloka kwempilo yezocansi. Lokho wukuthi, izindaba ezimayelana nezocansi zivusa inzalo kubo futhi akusizi ngalutho ukufeza umsebenzi obekiwe, kunalokho, kunalokho, lokho kuqinisekisiwe Izibalo zaseBrithani zokukhulelwa kwentsha ngonyaka we-1999-2010.
Ngisho nasezweni elikude njengeGhana cabanga ngokuthi ungakubambezela kanjani ukuqala kocansi olwenziwa yintsha: “Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukuya ocansini zisencane kwandisa isibalo sabantu ozibandakanya nabo ocansini impilo yabo yonke. Ukuhlehlisa ukuya ocansini kokuqala kunciphisa inani labalingani bobulili kuyo yonke impilo. Ucwaningo luncoma ukuthi kubekwe phambili izinqubomgomo zokubambezela ukuqala kokuqala kwezocansi ukunciphisa ukuthambeka kwentsha ebudlelwaneni bezocansi. ".
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ukutadisha wobusha baseCanada, omama abasebasha uqobo babike ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kukagwayi, insangu notshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kungaba yinto engokwemvelo ukuvimbela ukuziphatha okuyingozi kwezocansi nokubonakaliswa kobudlova ukuzibandakanya ekuvikeleni ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa nokuphuza ngokweqile, kepha ohlelweni lwezinguquko ezikhululekile eRussia, olukhulunywa nguStanislav Belkovsky, alikho iphuzu elinjalo. Kepha uphakamise: 1) ukuvalwa kweSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, 2) ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni komshado wabantu bobulili obufanayo, 3) ukugunyazwa kokuvuselela okuncane.
Cabanga ukuthi ungayiveza kanjani imisebenzi yabantu abazama ukuphoqelela inqubo engasebenzi neyingozi ezinganeni zethu? Isabotage? Ukuqothulwa kohlanga? Kubangela ukulimala komzimba? Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngisho amavithamini angenabungozi, ngaphambi kokufika ezinganeni, enza ucwaningo olunzulu, futhi anikezwa kuphela ngomphumela omuhle.
Izincomo zemfundo ephelele yezocansi i-WHO
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ababhali be-athikili abaphikisana nemfundo yezocansi ngokomthetho. Simelene nenkohlakalo yezocansi, ethi ngaphansi kwesisekelo semfundo yezocansi efakwe emhlabeni wonke nge-UN. Impela ebekiwe... Isibonelo, lapho iNigeria yenqaba ukusingatha izinhlelo ezinqala ze-CSE ezikhuthaza ucansi lokuziphatha okuxekethile nobungqingili, amazwe aseNtshonalanga ayesabisa ngokususa usizo lwangaphandle.
I-ejensi ekhethekile ye-UN i-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) ixhaswe ngezimali, phakathi kokunye, ngabaqalisi abakhulu bamaphrojekthi wokunciphisa inani labantu. I-WHO ikhombise kaningi ukungasebenzi kahle nezinqumo ezibandlululayo, ngokwesibonelo, isivumelwano mayelana nokususwa phansi kobungqingili nokuya ocansini kanye ukubakhipha ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ku-International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
IKomidi Le-UN Lokuqedwa Kokucwaswa Kwabesifazane (CEDAW) lingumzimba ochwepheshe abazimeleibheka ukuqaliswa kwe- Isivumelwano Sokuqedwa Kwazo Zonke Izinhlobo Zokucwaswa Kwabesifazane... Ukuqaliswa kwalesi sivumelwano, njengeminye imibhalo eminingi ye-UN, kwehliselwa ekubhujisweni komndeni wendabuko kanye "nokufundiswa ngocansi". Ngaphezu kwezifiso zokuvumela ama-NGOs aseNtshonalanga ukuthi asebenze ngaphandle kokubhalisa njenge-ejenti yangaphandle, ikomidi ngokuqinile kudinga Yethula isu eliphelele lezinyathelo ezingaguquguquki, ezibheke phambili ezibhekiswe kwabesifazane nabesilisa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi, kufaka phakathi abaholi bezenkolo, ukuze kuqedwe izinkolelo-mbono nezimo zezinzalamizi mayelana nezindima nezibopho zabesifazane nabesilisa emndenini nasemphakathini. Incoma ukufakwa kohlelo lwezifundo olunzulu, olubhekele ubulili nolufanele iminyaka yobudala kwezempilo yezocansi nokuzala kanye namalungelo amantombazane nabafana kwikharikhulamu eyimpoqo ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi nezamabanga aphakeme, kanye nokwenza ubufebe ngokusemthethweni, ngenkathi kuqedwa izindlela zokuvikela ukukhipha isisu.
ERussia imibiko e-UN ukuthi: “Kusesandleni seziphathimandla zezemfundo ukufaka esifundweni esiyimpoqo sezikole zamabanga aphansi kanye namabanga aphakeme isifundo esiphelele ngempilo yezocansi nokuzala ebhekelela ubulili futhi efanele iminyaka. izikhonzi zeRussian Federation".
Ukuqonda kangcono ubucayi bezincomo ezinjalo, ake sizijwayeze ngolwazi, ngokushoIzindinganiso ze-WHO zemfundo yezocansi eYurophu»Kufanele inikezwe izingane:
Iqembu lobudala 0-4: Ukuzwa injabulo nokuthinta umzimba wakho, ukushaya indlwabu usemncane. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobudlelwano bokuhlanganyela nobomndeni. Ilungelo lokucwaninga ubunikazi bobulili.
Iqembu lobudala 4-6: Incazelo nokuvezwa kobulili, imizwa yezocansi. Zonke izinzwa zivamile. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu wobulili obufanayo. Isimo esihle ngokuhlukahluka. Ukuhlonipha amasiko ahlukene ahlobene nezocansi.
Iqembu lobudala 6-9: Imiphumela emihle yezocansi empilweni nasenhlalakahleni. Amalungelo ezocansi ezingane. Ukushaya indlwabu / ukuzikhuthaza. Ubulili emithonjeni yezindaba (kufaka phakathi i-Intanethi). Ukuya ocansini. Izinketho maqondana nokuba ngumama nokukhulelwa, ukungazali, ukutholwa. Ukulawulwa kokuzala ngenzalo.
Iqembu lobudala 9-12: Ukungafani kokuziphatha ngokocansi. Isimo sengqondo esikahle, inhlonipho nokuqonda ukwehluka kobulili nokuthambekela kwezocansi. Isipiliyoni sokuqala ngocansi. Ubumnandi, ukushaya indlwabu, i-orgasm. Ukuzikhethela kwamahhala komlingani. Ukuqondiswa kobulili. Umehluko phakathi kobunikazi bobulili nobulili begazi. Yenza isinqumo esiqondile sokuhlangenwe nakho kocansi noma cha. Amalungelo ezocansi njengoba kuchazwe yi-IPPF kanye NAWE.
Iqembu lobudala 12-15: Ubunikazi bobulili nokuziphatha ngokobulili, kufaka phakathi ukuzisho / ubungqingili. Ukuqonda ubulili njengenqubo yokuqonda. Thuthukisa amakhono okuxoxisana ukuze wenze ucansi oluphephile noluthokozisayo. Zibone izimpawu zezifo zocansi.
Iqembu lobudala 15: Ukuziveza phambi kwabanye (ukuqaphela imizwa yobungqingili noma ubungqingili). Ukwamukelwa kwezindlela ezehlukene zocansi nobunikazi bobulili. Ukuzizwa ngikwazi ukufuna amalungelo ezocansi. Ucansi lwebhizinisi (ukudayisa ngomzimba, kodwa futhi nezocansi ngezipho ezincane, ukuya ezindaweni zokudlela / kuma-nightclub, imali encane). Ukukhulelwa (futhi emibhangqwaneni yobulili obufanayo) nokungazali, ukukhipha isisu, ukuvimbela inzalo, ukuvimbela inzalo okuphuthumayo.
Nakhu ukuthi uhlelo olubanzi lwezemfundo yezocansi lubukeka kanjani "Ukukhuluma Kwentsha" ("Teenage Talk"), ehlongozwe yiPlanned Parenthood, esizobuyela kuyo. Saphoqeleka ukuthi sikuhlolisise okunye okuqukethwe yizingane ngenxa yobunqunu bayo.
Izincwadi zesayensi mayelana nezindlela "zokufundisa ngocansi" batusa okulandelayo:
Ukusiza abafundi ukuthi bathuthukise indlela ebucayi yezinkambiso zocansi / ubulili, othisha abafundisa ngocansi kufanele banake ubumnandi bendunu yesilisa. Ukwamukelwa kwamadoda endle kususa izinhlelo ezijwayelekile kanambambili ezifana nowesilisa / owesifazane, owesilisa / owesifazane, wemvelo / queer. Ngokucindezelwa kokwamukelwa kwabesilisa, umkhuba wobumnandi besilisa obusizayo usiza ekuqinisekiseni izinkolelo zobungqingili zobulili / zobulili, kanye nobulili, ubungqingili kanye nokubusa kwabesilisa abakukhuthazayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwakha kabusha i-anal taboo yabesilisa nokwakha ulimi olusha lwenjabulo yangemuva - ubufebe, othisha bangasiza abafundi ukuthi babekele inselelo imigoqo yezobulili ebekelwe imingcele.
Imiphumela yokwethulwa kwezindlela ze-WHO
Kubhekiwe ukwanda kwesimo se-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea ne-syphilis e-United States (USA) kanye nasemazweni ase-Europe.
Idatha yase-US izipho Isikhungo Sokulawulwa Kwezifo CDC. Zibonisa ukwanda okucijile futhi okungaguquki ezigamekweni zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) eminyakeni yamuva. Izilinganiso ze-STD ziyanda unyaka wesihlanu zilandelana futhi kufinyelelwe emazingeni okurekhoda. Isimo segcunsula yokuzalwa (esidluliselwa sisuka kumama siye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) sikhuphuke ngama-2017% kusuka ku-2018 kuya ku-40. Ugcunsula azalwa nalo angaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, ukuzala ingane ishonile, nokufa kwengane esanda kuzalwa, kanye nezinkinga ezinzima zomzimba nezenhliziyo ezinde.
Kubonwa isithombe esifanayo eNgilandi:
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uhulumeni uthathe isinqumo sokwenza ubudlelwano obuhlanganisa i-LGBT kanye nemfundo yezocansi kube yisibopho ezikoleni zase-UK eziqala ngoSepthemba. I-UK Office for Education Standards (OFSTED) ihlela ukuthathela izinyathelo ezinqala izikole ezenqabayo ukufundisa izingane ezibandakanya i-LGBT. Ngakho-ke, uMnyango Wezemfundo uxwayisiwe umqondisi wesikole sama-Orthodox samaJuda, okholelwa ukuthi izingxoxo "zokusondelana, ukuthanda ezocansi kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kobulili kufanele zihlale ziyindaba yabazali," ukuthi unamasonto amabili wokwethula ikharikhulamu ebandakanya i-LGBT noma avale isikole. Phambilini, uMfundisi eGloucestershire Academy waxoshwa "ngokungaziphathi kahle" ngemuva kokunxusa abangani bakhe abaku-Facebook ukuthi basayine incwadi ebhekiswe kulolu hlelo, ekhuthaza ngokusobala ubudlelwano bobungqingili nokunikezwa kabusha kwezingane ezinganeni ezineminyaka emine.
EYurophu, ukwanda kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) kuhlala njalo iyanda... Ukuba nokuxhumana kwabantu ababili noma abathandana nobulili obufanayo kwandisa amathuba okuthola i-gonorrhea izikhathi ezingu-3,3 kanye nogcunsula izikhathi ezingu-13,7, ngokwezibalo zaseBelgium.
В INetherlands ngo-2016, inani lokuxilongwa kukagcunsula lenyuke ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2015. Lokhu kukhuphuka kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani lokuthola izifo phakathi kwe-MSM, kokubili nge-HIV nangaphandle kwayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-STD esikhungweni sempilo yezocansi (CSG) e 2019 Unyaka ukhombisile ukuthi iphesenti lama-STD athintekile uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2018 lenyukile. Isibalo sokuxilongwa kukagcunsula sikhuphuke ngo-16,8%, kanye ne-gonorrhea - ngo-11%, ikakhulu ngenxa yamadoda alala nabesilisa (MSM).
I-Chlamydia yiyona evame kakhulu ku- Finland izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ngo-2019, kwatholakala ukuthi amacala angaba ngu-16 200 okutheleleka nge-chlamydia, okungaphezu kuka-1000 2018 ngo-80. Lesi yisilinganiso sonyaka esiphakeme kunazo zonke esake sabhalwa kuNational Registry of Infectious Diseases. Ukusabalala kwezifo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha: cishe ama-15% alabo abatholakale beneminyaka eyi-29-XNUMX. Izimo ze-gonorrhea ne-syphilis nazo zanda.
EJalimane, phakathi kuka-2010 no-2017, izehlakalo zikagcunsula yanda ngamacala angama-83% kuya kwayi-9,1 kubantu abayi-100.
ECanada, izinga likazwelonke logcunsula oluthathelwanayo anda ukusuka ku-5,1 kubantu abayizi-100 ngo-000 kuya ku-2011 kubantu abayizi-24,7 ngo-100 (ukwanda okungaphezu kwama-000%)! Ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu kubonwe ngo-2020 nango-400 (ukhuphuke ngo-2018% no-2019% ngonyaka ngokulandelana), ohambelana nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamacala eminyakeni eyi-50 edlule. Amanani amadoda abelokhu ephakeme ngokuqhubekayo kunabesifazane kule minyaka eyi-45 edlule; nokho, kusukela ngo-10 kuya ku-10, amanani abesifazane akhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-2016 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-2020% kwabesilisa.
Amazwe amaningi abona ukwehla kokuhlolwa ngenxa ye-COVID-19, enganqumi amathrendi esikhathi eside.
NangesiNgisi idatha kahulumeni, phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018, inani lokuxilongwa kwe-chlamydia phakathi kwe-MSM lenyuke kakhulu (61%: kusuka ku-11 760 kuya ku-18 892), ugcunsula (61%: kusuka ku-3527 kuya ku-5681) ne-gonorrhea (43%: kusuka ku-18 568 kuya ku-26 574) ...
O-Australia ososayensi babhala "nge-gonorrhea edlangile phakathi kwababili nabungqingili."
Phakathi kwabantu abanezintandokazi zobungqingili, kukhona ukwanda kokuziphatha okuyingozi nokutheleleka. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kuyehla futhi ososayensi babikezela ukwehla okuqhubekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, liyanda inani labantu abanezintandokazi zobungqingili phakathi kwabantu abasha, kanye nenani labantu abahlushwa “ubulili dysphoria»Kukhuphuka njengobhubhane, kukhuphuke ngokulingana kokutheleleka okuyisici se-MSM ayikuvumeli chaza ukwanda kwesibalo se-LGBT kuphela ngokuvuleka okwandayo kwabaphendulayo.
Ngokusho U-Yougov: "Ngo-2019, babecishe babe uhhafu wesibalo" sabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile "phakathi kwabantu baseBrithani abaneminyaka eyi-18-24 kunabantu abasesigabeni sabantu abadala (44% uma kuqhathaniswa no-81%). Uma ocwaningweni olufanayo lwango-2015 bangu-2% kuphela abantu abasha abazikhomba "njengabesilisa nabesifazane", bese kuthi eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva inani labo lenyuke amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili - laze lafika ku-8%.
Ngemuva kwezifundo "zokukhanyiselwa ngocansi" izingane zigcwele inkohliso ebulalayo yokuthi udinga ukusebenzisa ikhondomu kuphela, bese ungashintsha abalingani ocansini abaningi ngendlela ofuna ngayo.
Eqinisweni, kusukela ekukhulelweni okungafunwa nasezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi, ikhondomu isivikelo esinqunyiwe, futhi kwezinye izifo namagciwane ebusweni besikhumba (njenge-papillomaviruses nezinye izinhlobo ze-syphilis) akusizi ngalutho. Akekho umenzi wamakhondomu ongalokotha athi "umkhiqizo # 2" wawo unikeza ikhasimende ukuvikelwa okungu-100%. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kunciphisa kuphela, kepha akuqedi, ubungozi bokutheleleka, ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sesiqubulo sokukhangisa esikhohlisayo esithi "ucansi oluphephile", sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswe inkulumo ethi "ucansi oluphephile".
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwekhondomu, uma isetshenziswe kahle, ibalelwa ku-81% (ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ku-69% kuya ku-94%). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithathelwanayo zidluliselwa kalula ngokuqabulana, uma kukhulunywa ngokuqabula okujulile, okude, kanti umuntu unezimpawu zesifo emlonyeni. Isibonelo, ngogcunsula, i-chancre nokunye ukuqubuka kuvame ukuvela emlonyeni. I-Gonorrheal pharyngitis ne-chlamydial pharyngitis nazo zingadluliselwa ngokubanga, njengoba kunjalo nange-condylomas (HPV). Mangisho ukuthi amacala okutheleleka ngezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ngokuqabula akuvamile, kepha amathuba okuthola i-herpes aphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokwezibalo, abesifazane abake baba nabalingani ocansini abayishumi noma ngaphezulu basengozini yokuthola umdlavuza, kubandakanya umdlavuza webele, wesibeletho nowesitho sangasese. Izibalo ziyasebenza nakubesilisa abanomdlavuza. Isizathu yi-human papillomavirus (HPV), edluliswa ngokuxhumana kocansi. Kufakazelwe ukuthi i-HPV ineqhaza ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wesibeletho kwabesifazane futhi, ngokusobala, umdlavuza webele. Okunye ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwe-HPV yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-venereal warts. Igciwane le-papilloma lingadluliselwa enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi lithinte i-bronchi ne-trachea.
Lapho abantu abahlanganyela nabo ocansini ngokwengeziwe, iba sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, eziningi zazo ezigcina zizalele izingane noma zingazali ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, wonke owesifazane wesibili oke wahlushwa i-gonorrhea ekhuphukayo ubhekene nokungazali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganyela ocansini okuxekethile nemikhuba emibi kungaphumela ekungatholini amandla omzimba kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ukuthintana namasampula wesidoda angafani, kanye nokungena kwawo emgodini wamathumbu, kuholela ekukhiqizeni ama-antisperm antibodies (ASA) amasosha omzimba, aphazamisa ukukhulelwa, ukuzala nokuzalwa kwengane enempilo. U-40-45% wezifebe и Ama-68% abesifazanengenani elikhulu lozakwethu elihle ku-ASA, okuyizimbangela zokuzala okuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kwesimilo kuholela ekonakaleni kofuzo kwabantu.
Kunenombolo enkulu yezimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokuzala emadodeni, phakathi kwalokho ukutheleleka kwepheshana le-urogenital kuthatha isikhundla sokuhola.
В ucwaningo imibhangqwana enenkinga yokuphuphuma kwesisu, kutholakala izindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-ejaculate pathologies (pathospermia) kuma-89% wamadoda ahlolwe. Ezimweni eziyi-100%, ukwehla kokuhlushwa kwe-spermatozoa esebenzayo nokuhamba kwayo (asthenozoospermia) kanye nokwephulwa kwe-acid-base balance ye-ejaculate (pH 7,9-8,0) kwatholakala. Ngiphinde ngatholakala ama-antisperm antibodies (92%), i-ejaculate viscosity ekhuphukile (63%), ukutholakala kwe-mucus ne-microflora (44%), i-teratosospermia (ukukhubazeka kwesidoda esiningi) (35%). Ku-61% yeziguli ukutheleleka nge-papillomavirus kwatholakala, ku-40% - i-herpesvirus; Ukutheleleka kweChlamydial kutholwe ku-45%, iTrichomonas vaginalis ngo-5%, ureaplasma ngo-86%, M. Hominis mycoplasma ngo-44%. Bonke abahloliwe (i-100%) babenama-2 noma ngaphezulu okuthelelanayo.
Imiphumela Yezemfundo Yezocansi
Imiphumela "yemfundo" enjalo, futhi nenkohlakalo, yamenyezelwa ngoNovemba 22, 2019 ngesikhathi setafula eliyindilinga "Ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni kwezindinganiso zendabuko", ebibanjelwe eSigungwini Somphakathi seRussian Federation. Umqondisi we-Institute for Family Research (USA) uPaul Cameron uthe inkulumo-ze yokuhlanekezelwa e-United States iliphindaphinde inani labobungqingili phakathi kwabafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Ukugqugquzela ucansi olonakele nokuhlanekezela, uchaze njengenkolo "eqinisa kakhulu, engundlovukayiphikiswa neyamaFascist eyake yaba khona," okuholele ekushintsheni kokuthandwa ngokocansi kwabafundi bezikole eziphakeme zaseMelika, esho. Ngo-2001-2009, ama-92,1% abafundi besikole samabanga aphakeme e-United States baphendula ngokuthi babenentshisekelo kumalungu wobulili obuhlukile. Bangu-5% kuphela abaphendulile abazikhombise njengababili nabangqingili. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-2,6% wabafundi besikole samabanga aphakeme bazikhiphe ohlwini lokuthi "abaqondile".
Ngo-2017, inani labafundi bezikole eziphakeme ezithandana nabobulili obuhlukile lehle lafika kuma-85,1%. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani labobungqingili nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane phakathi kwabafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu okuhloliwe lakhuphuka laya ku-10,3%. Ku-2017, inani lama-transsexourse okokuqala laqala ukuba yinoma yiliphi inani elibalulekile futhi lafika ku-1,8%. Isibalo sabafundi abangacaciswanga esikoleni esiphakeme besingu-1,6%.
Ngokusho kukasosayensi, ukwanda kwenani lezingane zesikole eziziveza njengabamele umphakathi we-LGBT kungumphumela wemfundo yesikole, okuphakamisa ukuthi ezocansi nokuzikhethela ubulili kuyibhizinisi lengane uqobo. [8].
Kakade eNtshonalanga, intsha enobungqingili ngokuphelele iyidlanzana lezocansi [7], futhi isibalo sabobungqingili sikhuphukela emazingeni angahambelani nokushintshwa kwabantu. Ngokwezindinganiso ze-WHO, u-15% wemibhangqwana engenanzalo imele inkinga yabantu ezweni. Namuhla ezweni laseNtshonalanga, kuze kufike ku-15% wesizukulwane esisha esizibheka njenge-LGBT sengezwa ku-14% walabo abayinyumba ngezizathu zemvelo.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ushintsho olunjalo lwenzeka ngenqubo ecatshangelwe kahle futhi elawulwayo. Cabanga ukuthi obani abangazuza kukho.
Izinhloso zemfundo yezocansi
Ucwaningo, olwenziwe yi-University of Akron, lathola ukuthi ngenxa yemfundo yezocansi, abafundi baba nokubekezelela futhi bangabi nobutha ekuphambukeni kwezocansi.
Umqondisi Wophiko Lwezobunhloli Kwangaphandle (i-SVR) uSergey Naryshkin ukwenzile izitatimende eziningi ezibalulekile emhlanganweni wamazwe omhlaba ngezindaba zokuphepha e-Ufa. Uqinisekile ukuthi ngaphansi kokuzenzisa "kwabantu abakhululayo" amabutho e-oda lomhlaba omusha alwa impi enenhloso elwa namagugu endabuko kanye nobuzwe. Kulokhu, abantu abasha bacubungulwa ngokuphelele.
"Ukuze kusheshiswe ukuguguleka komqondo wobulili, ukubaluleka komndeni nomshado, kwenziwa izinhlelo zokuqhakambisa" amalungelo "omphakathi we-LGBT, ukusabalalisa imibono yobufazi obunamandla ... ukwazi. Kuyacaca ukuthi abantu abanjalo bayizinto ezinhle zokukhohlisa, ikakhulukazi uma bane-iPhone exhunywe kwinethiwekhi. "
Indlela ubhala IKrylatova T.A.:
“Lapho sizwa amagama ngesidingo sokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa emhlabeni, isibonelo kusuka Iklabhu yaseRoma, INkosana uHarry noWilliam, ngasizathu simbe sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungukucabanga okungokombono kanye nezifiso ezingaqondakali zabantu abaphezulu kanye nababalo lwabantu. Kepha muva nje, imibiko nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe seziqalile ukuvela eziphakamisa okuphambene nalokho: emuva eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha, ababalo baseMelika bakha futhi bashicilela izindlela zokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa, okwaba yinto ephambili kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika. Umbiko odumile kaKissinger "NSSM-200", ohlanganiswe nguMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke futhi ugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwehlisa ukuzala emhlabeni wonke, ngo-1975 uba ngumhlahlandlela wesenzo ngokuyalelwa nguMongameli Ford, futhi ngo-2011, "ukuvikela amalungelo abantu be-LGBT" kubuye kube yinto ephambili ezweni langaphandle laseMelika osopolitiki ".
UMarshall Kirk noHunter Madsen, izishoshovu ezimbili zezitabane zaseHarvard ezasungula amasu enkulumo-ze yobungqingili, eAfter the Ball»Isici esaziwayo sokunyakaza kwezitabane «i-fascism yezepolitiki и ukucindezelwa kokunemba kwezepolitiki "... Le fascism ithola ubungozi obuthile lapho isetshenziswa ngabahlonishwa bomhlaba jikelele ukunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa, okushiwo kaninginingi, kufaka phakathi nokushicilelwa kwesayensi. [2].
Ukuncipha kwabantu
Ngo-1954, kwashicilelwa ipheshana elithi "Population Bomb" e-USA, elalikhuphula usongo lwamanani aphezulu okukhula kwabantu futhi lamemezela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokulawulwa kokubeletha.
Ngo-1958, uSir Arthur Charles Clarke kweyakhe isibikezelo sesikhathi esizayoEkhuluma ngokugcwala ngokweqile kweplanethi, uthinte izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuchithwa kwabantu - kusuka ekubulaweni kwezinsana, inzalo nokuboshwa ngemuva kwengane yesibili, ukuya kobungqingili ngenkani:
“Isikhathi sisengafika lapho ubungqingili buzoba yisibopho, hhayi imfashini kuphela. Ngempela, kuzoba yindida enamanzi uma esikhathini eside esizayo - futhi sithatha njengesisekelo sethu ukusinda kwesintu sisonke - lesi silwane esiyimpikiswano siba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kunesifiso sokuzala kabusha ”(Umagazini kaHarper, Umq. 216, Januwari 1958).
Ngo-1959, uMnyango Wezwe wase-United States wakhipha umbiko ngamathrendi abantu emhlabeni wonke, owaphetha ngokuthi ukukhula kwawo ngokushesha kusongela uzinzo lwamazwe omhlaba. [2].
Ngo-1969, enkulumweni yakhe ayibhekise kwiCongress, uMongameli wase-US uNixon wabiza ukwanda kwenani labantu "njengenye yezinselelo ezibucayi kakhulu ekuphelelweni kwesintu" futhi wacela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo [3]... Isazi samanani abantu uKingsley Davis (omunye wabantu ababalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenqubomgomo yokulawulwa kokuzalwa), kanye nokwandiswa kwemithi yokuvimbela inzalo, ukukhipha isisu nokuvala inzalo, kuphakanyisiwe "Shintsha ezimeni zocansi" nesikhuthazo “Izinhlobo ezingezona zemvelo zokuya ocansini” [2]... Umlingani kaDavis, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, uJudith Blake, uphakamise ukuqedwa kwezinzuzo zentela nezindlu ezikhuthaza ukuzala izingane nokususa unswinyo lwezomthetho nezenhlalo olumelene nobungqingili [4]... U-Preston Cloud, obemele i-US National Academy of Sciences, uncome ukuthi uhulumeni avumele ngokusemthethweni izinyunyana nezinyunyana zobungqingili [2]... Ngawo lowo nyaka, iSekela likaMongameli le-International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) uFrederic Jaffe wakhipha imemorandamu lapho "Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kobungqingili" yabalwa njengenye yezindlela zokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa [5].
Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, kwaqubuka udlame lwaseStonewall kwaqala ingcindezi kwiAmerican Psychiatric Organisation (APA), eyagcina isiphethe ngesinqumo sokuphatha sokukhipha ubungqingili ekuhlukanisweni kwezifo. Abukho ubufakazi obukholisayo obethulwe ukufakazela lolo shintsho esimweni sengqondo sabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo.
Isishoshovu sezitabane esidumile saseMelika uBarbara Gittings wavuma ngokusobala: “... Akukaze kube yisinqumo sezokwelapha yingakho konke kwenzeke ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, sekuphele iminyaka emithathu kuphela selokhu isenzo sokuqala ukushaqisa engqungqutheleni ye-APA nangaphambi kokuba kuvotwe ibhodi labaqondisi ukukhipha ubungqingili ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kwakuyisinqumo sezepolitiki (...) Saphulukiswa ngobusuku obubodwa ngepeni ...» [2].
Ngo-1970, umbhali wemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwabantu, uFrank Knowstein, ekhuluma eNational War College phambi kwezikhulu eziphezulu zamasosha, waphawula ukuthi "ubungqingili buvikelwe ngesisekelo sokuthi busiza ukunciphisa ukwanda kwabantu." [4].
Imicimbi elandelayo ilandela inkomba esobala:
1972 unyaka - umbiko "Imikhawulo yokukhula”Yethule izimo eziyi-12 ezingakhula zesintu. Zonke izimo ezithandekayo zidinga izinguquko kwezepolitiki nezenhlalo, kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa kokuzalwa okuqinile ngezinga lokwehla kwemvelo.
1974 unyaka - Umbiko woMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke "i-NSSM-200" udlulisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwehla kwenzalo emhlabeni jikelele futhi uphakamisa "ukugxila kwezemfundo kanye indoctrination isizukulwane esisha maqondana nokufiseleka kosayizi omncane womndeni ”.
Engqungqutheleni Yomhlaba Yabantu Ye-UN eBucharest, wonke amazwe angamalungu (ngaphandle kweVatican) azibophezele ekwehliseni ukuzala.
1975 unyaka - ngomyalo kaMongameli Ford "NSSM-200" uba umhlahlandlela wesenzo emkhakheni wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US.
1990 unyaka - ukukhishwa kobungqingili kwi-WHO ICD kanye nokuqala komkhankaso wolwazi wokumisa ubungqingili.
1994 unyaka - Izivumelwano zaseCairo, lapho kudingidwe khona ukukhiqizwa kwabantu, ukwakheka komndeni nezocansi. Umsebenzi omkhulu kwakuwukunciphisa isilinganiso sokuzalwa, esasethulwe ku-wrapper yokuzincisha ukulingana ngokobulili, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yokuzala yowesifazane nokuhlonipha amalungelo akhe okuzala (okungukuthi, ukukhipha isisu nokuvala inzalo). Izinyathelo ezithile zokuchithwa kwabantu zifaka phakathi "imfundo yezocansi", ukuvimbela inzalo kanye nenkulumo-ze emelene nokuzala.
2000 unyaka - kusuka kumadokhumenti e-UN: “I-WHO, kanye ne-UNFPA kanye ne-UNAIDS, bayayisekela ngokugcwele i-International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) ye-Charter Yamalungelo Ezocansi Nezokuzala futhi banxusa ongqongqoshe bezempilo ukuthi: Bahloniphe amalungelo ezocansi nokuzala futhi babuyekeze imithetho efanele lapho kudingeka, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuhushula isisu nobungqingili» [9].
I-UNFPA yinhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene "yabantu" kanye "nezinkinga zabantu", okubandakanya ukwanda kwabantu. Lokho wukuthi, inhlangano, eyenzelwe ukulwa nokwanda kwabantu, ixhumanisa ngqo isisombululo esiyimpumelelo semisebenzi eyabelwe yona nokukhuthaza ukukhipha isisu nobungqingili. Futhi le nhlangano ibumbene ngokuphelele ne-IPPF, iphini likamongameli wayo ngonyaka we-1969 wethula imemorandamu enezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulawula ukubeletha, iningi lazo esezenzekile:
2010 unyaka - Izindinganiso ze-WHO zemfundo yezocansi eYurophu ngokukhuthazwa kobungqingili nezimo zengqondo zokuya ocansini kwezingane zisencane [10].
2011 unyaka - Ukuphathwa kukaBarack Obama kumemezela ukuthi "ukulwela amalungelo abantu abancane bezocansi" kuyinto ephambili kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika.
2015 unyaka - INkantolo Ephakeme yaseMelika iphoqa wonke amazwe ukuthi abhalise ngokusemthethweni ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo.
2017 unyaka - umbiko Iklabhu yaseRoma "Woza! Ubungxiwankulu, Isikhathi esifushane, inani labantu kanye nokubhujiswa kweplanethi kuthi: "Kwiplanethi enomkhawulo, ukukhula kwabantu kufanele kuncishiswe ngaphambi kokuba imvelo ithi."
2019 unyaka - Septhemba 10, 2019 kuwebhusayithi yeProject Syndicate ishicilele umqulu othi "Umhlaba kanye ne-UN kumele banciphise ukwanda kwabantu."
2020 unyaka - Lowo owayeyinxusa laseMelika eGermany nowayengungqingili obala ongungqingili uRichard Grenell, oyibamba lomqondisi wezobunhloli ezweni laseMelika, uthe izinhlaka zakhe kufanele zibambe iqhaza ekwenzeni amazwe aqede imithetho nezinqubomgomo ezibeka ubungqingili icala. Ngokunjalo, ukunqunyulwa kobungqingili ngokusemthethweni kwaba ngesinye sezigaba esivumelwaneni saseKosovo esabekwa abaseMelika eSerbia.
Ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili nokuya ocansini
UDokotela Wezesayensi Yezokwelapha noProfesa Kocharyan Garnik Surenovich basho lokhu embikweni wePublic Chamber of the Russian Federation:
“Ezweni lesimanje, kunezinguquko ezenzekayo ezihlose ukucekelwa phansi kwezinkambiso nemigomo yesintu, ikakhulukazi ekhonjiswa ngokwezigaba zezokwelapha. Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi ubungqingili buyindalo kuzo zonke izimo ngakho-ke akukho mathonya angaphandle akwazi ukuthonya ukuqondiswa kwesifiso sobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaphikiswa ukuthi ayikaze izalwe kabusha, ngoba noma iyiphi inkomba yesifiso sobulili enganeni esanda kuzalwa ayikho futhi yenziwa kuphela eminyakeni elandelayo. Ucwaningo lwesimanjemanje lukhombisa ukuthi kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukuthi kukhulunywe kuphela ngethonya elithambile lokuthambekela kwezici zebhayoloji yangaphambi kokubeletha, kuyilapho izici ezingokwengqondo nezenhlalo zidlala indima enkulu ekuveleni kobungqingili. Ngakho-ke, indima engeyinhle ye-propaganda yobudlelwano bobungqingili isobala, engaholela enguqukweni ekuqondisweni kwesifiso sobulili noma ekwakhekeni kwayo okungalungile. Ukuqonda lokhu kuholele ekutheni emazweni amaningi kunemithetho evimbela ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili. Ngakho-ke, ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalombili zase-US (Alabama, Arizona, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas nase-Utah), ngemuva kweRussia, kwavinjelwa inkulumo-ze enjalo " [11].
Ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili noma indlela yokuphila yobungqingili kungenzeka kanye nokukhuthaza impilo enempilo. Kunezindlela ezisuselwe ngokwesayensi zokukhuthaza ubungqingili, ezaziwa njenge "alfabhethi lobushoshovu bezitabane" [1,12,13]... Ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili kwandisa isibalo sabantu abasha abamemezela ukuthi abathandani nabobulili obufanayo [7], kuyilapho ukwanda ngokulingana kwezifo okufana nobungqingili [14,15] ayikuvumeli ukuchaza ukwanda kwezibalo kubantu be-LGBT kuphela ngokuvuleka okwandisiwe kwabaphendulayo [14]... Ukukhuthazwa kobungqingili nezinhlobo ezihlanekezelwe zokuxhumana ngokocansi kwaphakanyiswa ngochwepheshe baseMelika ukunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa [2].
Ososayensi baseMelika abavela eBrown University baphenye izizathu zokwanda kwe- "dysphoria engazelelwe yobulili" phakathi kwabantu abasha futhi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi into ebalulekile ekushintsheni ubunikazi bobulili bentsha ukucwilisa kwakhe kokuqukethwe kwama-transgender ku-Intanethi. [21].
Ngaphambi kokuzibiza ngama-transgender, intsha ibibuka amavidiyo mayelana nalokho okuthiwa "inguquko", exhumana nabantu be-transgender kumanethiwekhi omphakathi futhi ifunda izinsiza ze-transgender. Abaningi babengabangani nomuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu wama-transgender. Ingxenye yesithathu yabaphenduli ibike ukuthi uma ngabe kukhona okungenani oyedwa osemusha we-transgender kumbuthano wabo wokuxhumana, ngaphezulu kwengxenye yentsha kuleli qembu nayo iqale ukuzibiza njenge-transgender. Iqembu lapho amalungu alo angama-50% eba yi-transgender limele izikhathi ezingama-70 ukwanda okulindelekile kubantu abasha.
Ubukhosi nokuphepha kwabantu
I-Russia, elandela iNtshonalanga, ibhekene nezinguquko zomphakathi ezingakaze zibonwe ngenhloso yokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokufaka isimilo sokuziphatha okulwa nokuvunda nokulwa nemindeni kubantu abasha. Ngalokhu, izintshisekelo ezizimele zepolitiki nezemibono yalokhu okuthiwa. "Amancane" afaniswa "namalungelo abantu jikelele".
Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kudinga abantu abangaxhumani nomphakathi lapho kulungiswa khona inguquko enjalo, ekwakheni i-elite nokwakha ukuphikiswa okushibhile nokubumbanayo. Ukunyakaza kwe-LGBT kubonakaliswa ngemibono yabaningi bomhlaba, imiphakathi engahlangene nomphakathi kanye nephikisana nombuso. Iningi labalandeli balo lizibheka njengamalungu omphakathi we-LGBT kanye nezakhamizi zomhlaba we-LGBT kunamalungu omphakathi nezakhamizi zezwe.
Ngokusobala, "umhlaba omusha onesibindi" uzofika kithi emahlombe ezikhohlisi zocansi, ezisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lethonya lezwe. Cishe bonke abaholi be-EU abanazingane, futhi manje sekukhona nabantu abavulekile be-LGBT abane amanani akhuphukile izinkinga zengqondo nezinye ezitholakala kulo mphakathi. Ababhali bobungqingili bencwadi "After The Ball", Ikhuluma ngezinkinga zokuziphatha" kwezitabane "ezijwayelekile, isimangaloukuthi ongqingili bayazenqaba zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha okuhle; ukuthi baya ocansini ezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi uma bephazamiseka, baqala ukumemeza ngokucindezelwa nokuzonda abesilisa nabesifazane; ukuthi bangabakwa-narcissistic, abaziphethe kabi, abanobugovu, bathambekele emangeni, i-hedonism, ukungathembeki, unya, ukuzibhubhisa, ukuphika iqiniso, ukungabi nangqondo, i-fascism yezombusazwe nemibono yokukhohlisa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi eminyakeni engama-40 edlule lezi zimfanelo zazicishe zibe munye kuye ezichazwe udokotela wezifo zengqondo odumile. U-Edmund Bergler, owafunda ubungqingili iminyaka engama-30 futhi wahlonishwa njenge "theorist ebaluleke kakhulu" kulo mkhakha. Kudaluliwe Umbhalo we-CIA uchaza umlingiswa wobungqingili ngale ndlela elandelayo: “Sekuyisikhathi eside kukholakala ukuthi ubungqingili abuvezi nje kuphela ubungozi bokusongelwa, ngakho-ke kuba nobungozi obukhulu kwezokuphepha, kodwa futhi kukhombisa nezinga elithile lokukhubazeka kwezinhlamvu (okusho ukungafaneleki) ngokwezibalo okungahambisani nethuba lokuqedwa ngempumelelo. umsebenzi ku-Agency ".
Uwathanda kanjani la ma-elite nokuphikiswa?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kwezombusazwe zezishoshovu, amalungelo abantu abajwayelekile be- "LGBT" aphulwa, ikakhulukazi, ukuthola imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nobungqingili nosizo lwe-psychotherapeutic kulabo abafisa ukuguqula ukuqondiswa okungekhona okwemvelo kwesifiso sabo sobulili.
Ngisho nabaseYurophu, bebona ukonakala kwezindlela zokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa eliphakanyiswe ngabalobi bamanani abantu baseMelika, bathatha izinyathelo zokugcina ubukhosi nokuphepha kwabantu ezweni.
Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni kaViktor Orbán wanquma ukwenza okuhle kubantu baseHungary, hhayi kuma-globalists, ngokuya ngesibindi ethatha uhlangothi lomqondo ovamile. Ngokungafani nozakwabo baseYurophu, umholi waseHungary ukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngezinzuzo zomshado wobulili obuhlukile futhi uphishekela inqubomgomo esebenzayo yokugcina izindinganiso zomndeni zendabuko kanye nokwenyusa izinga lokuzalwa. Wenqaba ukubamba iqhaza "kwi-flotilla yobungqingili enganambitheki ye-Eurovision nama-transvestites asobala kanye nabesifazane abanentshebe." Wavala izwe ekugelezeni kwabafuduki, wanciphisa imisebenzi ye-NGO futhi waxosha "i-Central European University" eyasungulwa ngu-Soros (efana ne-Higher School of Economics yethu) ezweni, eyeka ukungaqondakali "kwezifundo zobulili".
NgoMeyi 2020, abenzi bomthetho baseHungary bavumela umthetho, iphuzu eliyinhloko eliphakamisa ukwamukela "ucansi lwebhayoloji olususelwa kuzici zobulili eziyinhloko kanye nama-chromosomes njengokuphela kwesizathu sokubheka umuntu njengendoda noma owesifazane." Ukuphasiswa komthetho kuzoqeda ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho "kwabantu abadlulayo 'abafuna ukuzenza abobulili obuhlukile.
UMongameli wasePoland usayine idokhumende elibizwa ngokuthi "iKhadi Lomndeni", eliqukethe iziqinisekiso zezinzuzo zemindeni enezingane kanye nokuvikelwa kwemindeni emibonweni ye-LGBT.
UDuda ugcizelele ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwezingane ngabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo kuyimbono yakwelinye izwe, engaqondakali kumagugu wendabuko wasePoland. Ngakho-ke, "iKhadi Lomndeni" lithi umbuso ubophezelekile ukuvikela umndeni ekuphazanyisweni kwe-LGBT, futhi ngabazali kuphela futhi akekho omunye umuntu ozohlanganyela kwezemfundo yezocansi yezingane zabo. Futhi, lo mbhalo uthi umbono we-LGBT awuvunyelwe ezikhungweni zombuso.
Abaholi bamazwe abenqaba iSivumelwano sase-Istanbul (iPoland, iHungary, iTurkey) bathi bafuna ukuvikela amasiko abo nobuzwe babo, izindinganiso zomndeni wabo, nokuvikela ukuthambekela kokulwa nomndeni kanye nezinqubomgomo zokulwa nemindeni.
NgoJanuwari 2020 V.V. UPutin enkulumweni yakhe eya kwi-Federal Assembly uthe:
"Isiphetho seRussia, umbono wayo womlando uncike ekutheni bangaki kithi abazoba khona (Ngifuna ukuqala ingxenye ebalulekile ngokubalwa kwabantu), kuya ngokuthi zingaki izingane ezizokuzalwa emindenini yaseRussia ngonyaka, eminyakeni emihlanu, eyishumi, ukuthi zizokhula ini, zizoba yini, bazokwenzani ekuthuthukiseni izwe, futhi yiziphi izindinganiso ezizobasekela empilweni ...
Kungumsebenzi wethu oyingqophamlando ukuhlangabezana nale nselelo. Hhayi nje kuphela ukuphuma ogibeni lwabantu, kepha futhi maphakathi neshumi leminyaka elizayo, kuqinisekisa ukukhula okuzinzile okungokwemvelo kubantu bezwe. Ngo-2024, izinga lokuzalwa kufanele libe ngu-1,7 ".
Akunakwenzeka ukuxazulula imisebenzi yokukhula kwesibalo sabantu esimeme ebekwe nguMongameli uma iRussia iqhubeka nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa elithuthukiswa ngababhali bamanani abantu baseNtshonalanga, okubandakanya ukukhuthaza ubungqingili, ukuthandana kwabantu bobulili obufanayo, ukungatholi izingane, ukukhipha isisu, ukuziphatha ngokocansi okunomthelela ezifweni nokungabi nenzalo, nezinye izindlela zokucekela phansi isikhungo somndeni.
Ukulwa nemibono yendabuko, abayibiza ngokuthi "ukuzonda abathandana nabobulili obufanayo", kufundiswa ngabasebenzi be-HSE njengendlela yokunqoba ukwesekwa nguhulumeni kanye nobunikazi baseRussia ngokuhlanganyela [6].
Imfundo yezocansi
Izazi zobulili zaseRussia, noma kunjalo, zinikeza izindlela ezifanele zoku imfundo yezocansi. Isazi sezocansi, isazi socansi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo somndeni u-Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Kulgavchuk, uMongameli we "Professional Association of Sexologists", ilungu eligcwele le-Professional Psychotherapeutic League. kusho:
“Impela, ingane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ayidingi ukupenda konke ukwakheka komzimba ngendlela yezokwelapha, futhi akudingeki nhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, ukutshela nokukhombisa intombazane ukuthi ikuphi ingquza. Uma sikhuluma ngesikole samabanga aphakeme, lapho ingane isivele yenza izifundo zebhayoloji futhi, ngaphakathi kwesifundo sesikole, ingasebenza ngemiqondo ezingeni lama-pistils kanye ne-stamens, kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi sekuvele kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngamagama ezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, vele eminyakeni yobudala besikole esiphakathi, kungenzeka ukuthi utshele ingane ngamagama jikelele ngamagama, kepha, ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni. Isibonelo, kwanele ukuthi umfana aqonde ukuthi kukhona ipipi namasende. Futhi okubalulekile ukungagqoki izingubo zangaphansi eziqinile, ukuze kungabikho zinkinga ngokuvuthwa kwesidoda nokuzala esikhathini esizayo, ukuthi udinga ukuqapha inhlanzeko yenduku, nokuthi lokhu kubaluleke njengokuxubha amazinyo (uma kwenzeka abazali bephuthelwe yizinkinga zenhlanzeko esemncane). Futhi akunasidingo ngokuphelele ukumtshela ngezintambo zesidoda. Vele, kungakhonjwa amagama afanayo. Isibonelo, isitho sangasese sowesilisa, esaziwa nangokuthi ipipi, noma ipipi. Vele, kungcono ukuyiphathisa ubaba le ngxoxo nomama kunokuba uyihambise kumama futhi ngokufanayo, futhi mayelana nokugeza kufanele kukhulume nendodakazi yakhe, yebo mama, hhayi ubaba. "
Kumbuzo othi: “Ngabe kunembile kangakanani ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezisondelene nezingane ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesikole (indawo yomphakathi), hhayi ekhaya sikhululekile?»Uchwepheshe uyaphendula: “Ngithambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi isimo sasekhaya singaba ntekenteke futhi sisebenze kangcono. Kweminye imindeni lokhu kungaba yisiqalo esihle sengxoxo eyimfihlo phakathi kwabazali nezingane, impela, kungcono nommeleli wobulili obufanayo. ".
RosIzingane zaseSian noma ngaphandle kwe- "seksprosvet" zithola imininingwane eyanele mayelana nokwakheka kohlelo lokuzala ezifundweni zebhayoloji, futhi zijwayelana nama-STD ngevolumu ephelele futhi edingekayo izifundo IZISEKELO ZOKUPHEPHA KWEMPILO.
Izincwadi
1.UKirk M., uMadsen H. After the Ball: IMelika Izonqoba Kanjani Ukwesaba Nenzondo Yayo Yezitabane ngeminyaka yama-90s. IDoubleday, 1989 k. I-ISBN 398.
2. ILysov, VG Imininingwane kanye nombiko wokuhlaziya. "Ukukhuluma ngokunyakaza kobungqingili ngokuya ngamaqiniso esayensi" Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Nokusungula, 2019. - 751 k. - doi: 10.12731 / 978-5-907208-04-9, i-ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9. Ku-inthanethi https://pro-lgbt.ru/5155/
3. URichard Nixon, Umlayezo Okhethekile oya kwiKhongolose Ngezinkinga Zokukhula Kwabantu. Ku-inthanethi nguGerhard Peters noJohn T.Woolley, iPhrojekthi kaMongameli waseMelika https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/239625
4.Connelly M., Population Control is History: New Perspectives on the International Campaign to Limit Population Growth (Eng.), Comparative Studies in Society and History., 2003, Umq. 45, ukukhishwa. 1, P. 122-147., ISSN 0010-4175 1475-2999, 0010-4175., DOI: 10.1017 / S0010417503000069.
5. Jaffe F. Incwadi eya kuBernard Berelson (imemorandamu). Kuyatholakala ku-inthanethi https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B0KCqtNShmxgYTA1REcxai1OME0 .
6. UGulevich O., Osin E., et al., Ukuhlolisisa ukucwaswa kwabantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo: Imodeli yokubona izitabane eRussia, iJenali Yobungqingili. 2018. Umq. 65. Cha. I-13P. 1838-1866., I-DOI: 10.1080 / 00918369.2017.1391017.
8. https://daliaresearch.com/blog/counting-the-lgbt-population-6-of-europeans-identify-as-lgbt/
9. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/120226/E71193.pdf
10. Amazinga emfundo yezocansi eYurophu. Umbhalo wabenzi bomgomo, abaholi kanye nochwepheshe emkhakheni wezemfundo nezempilo, i-FZPSZ, Cologne, 2010, 76 kk., ISBN 978-3-937707-82-2 https://www.bzga-whocc.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente/WHO_BZgA_Standards_russisch.pdf
11. https://regnum.ru/news/society/2803617.html
12. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-04-vw-693-story.html: "Njengoba ababhali bevuma kalula:" Sikhuluma ngenkulumo-ze. "".
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsggp7LEiRk Isishoshovu se-LGBT, umsunguli kanye nenhloko ye-"Russian LGBT Network" u-Igor Kochetkov (umuntu osebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle) (ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia "ikhandidethi yesayensi yomlando, oqokelwe uMklomelo kaNobel kanye nomunye wabacabangi bomhlaba abayi-100 besikhathi sethu" ) enkulumweni yakhe: " Amandla ezepolitiki enhlangano ye-LGBT yomhlaba wonke: ukuthi izishoshovu zafika kanjani endleleni yazo" wathi le ncwadi (After The Ball) yaba "ngama-alfabhethi" ezishoshovu ze-LGBT emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi naseRussia. Konke kuqhubekile, futhi okuningi kusaqhubeka ngemigomo ehlongozwayo kuyo. "
14. UCatherine H. Mercer, uKevin A. Fenton, u-Andrew J. Copas, uKaye Wellings, uBob Erens. Ukwanda okwandayo kobudlelwano besilisa nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo eBrithani 1990-2000: ubufakazi obuvela ekuhloleni kwamathuba kazwelonke // I-AIDS (eLondon, eNgilandi). - 2004-07-02. - T. 18, cha. 10. - P. 1453-1458.
15. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables... ENgilandi, phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018, kube nokwenyuka okukhulu kwinani lokutholakala kwe-chlamydia phakathi kwe-MSM (61%; kusuka ku-11 kuya ku-760), ugcunsula (18%; kusuka ku-892 kuya ku-61) ne-gonorrhea (3527%; kusuka ku-5681 kuya ku-43 18).
I-16.: I-Kocharyan GS Mayelana nokwelashwa kokuguqulwa kanye nokusebenza kwesicelo sayo // World of sexology (iphephabhuku elektroniki). - 2020. - No. 18. - I-URL: http://1sexology.ru/kocharyan-g-s-o-konversionnoj-terapii-i-celesoobraznosti-eyo-primeneniya/
17. UMarseille E, uMirzazadeh A, uBiggs MA, et al. Ukuphumelela Kwezinhlelo Zokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa Kwentsha Esuselwa E-USA: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwemeta. Okwedlule kweSci. 2018; 19 (4): 468. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11121-017-0861-6
18. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
19. I-Kocharyan GS Indima yezici zofuzo ekwakheni ubungqingili: ukuhlaziywa kwanamuhla kwenkinga // Impilo yamadoda. - 2018. - No. 4 (67). - S. 20-25.
20. http://www.doctors-sexologists.ru/publik/230-krylatova.html
21. ULisa Littman. I-dysphoria eqala masinya ebusheni nasebekhulile abasha: Ucwaningo lwemibiko yabazali. I-PLOS ONE, 2018; 13 (8): e0202330 DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0202330 Imininingwane eminingi: https://pro-lgbt.ru/550/
Isayensi Yeqembu Leqiniso:
umbhalo we-mucho
asakaze ubungqingili kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo ezikoleni nakwezinye izindawo. Akufanele kuvunyelwe noma ezikoleni, noma kwabezindaba noma kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni .. Abaholi baseNtshonalanga bachitha inyunyana yama-republic, kodwa lokhu akwanele kubo .. bafuna ukucekela phansi umlando waseRussia kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo .. baphakamisa izibuko zomndeni futhi ngokwabo basakaze ubuqili .. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi abalingani baseNtshonalanga uqobo banobulili bezwe.bazizama bona futhi basinikela ukuthi sikwenze, kepha nezingane. Izingane ezifana nesipanji zizomunca yonke into nokuhlanekezela nazo ... Ngicabanga ukuthi konke ukuphambuka abasifaka kubo kusuka entshonalanga lolu uhlelo lomphikukristu kanye nohlelo lwamagugu akhe .. lokhu akumele kuvunyelwe
Ukhohliwe ukubalula izinkinga ezihambisana neqiniso lokuthi ayikho imfundo yezocansi. Okokuqala, izingane zesaba ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zazo nabazali bazo, kanti nabazali, nabo, abazi ukuthi bazokhuluma kanjani nezingane, ngoba abazali babo abavela e-USSR abazitshelanga ukuthi bazibhixe. Uyazi ukuthi mangaki amantombazane aneminyaka engu-11-15 ubudala enginabo ababhekene nodlame, ukuxhashazwa nezinye izimo ezingahlanzekile futhi bathula ngakho. Ngenxa yalokho, sinokukhulelwa kokuqala, izinkinga zengqondo esingaziboni, kanye nama-STD.
Ukukhuthaza abantu be-LGBT ezinganeni? Uyayizwa le nto oyishoyo ngokwakho?
Imfundo yezocansi kusukela eminyakeni engu-5 iyingxoxo mayelana nemingcele yomuntu siqu, imingcele yalokho okuvunyelwe, mayelana nezimfihlo "ezinhle" nezimbi "okumele zitshelwe abazali ngaphandle kokwehluleka, hhayi ukukhohlakala kwezingane. Baqala ukukhuluma ngocansi ezikoleni zaseYurophu kuphela kusukela ebangeni lesihlanu ... Funda ulwazi ngaphambi kokubhala lesi sihloko
KUDINGEKA imfundo yezocansi ezinganeni, kuyazivumela ukuthi zingesabi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nabazali bazo ngezinkinga zazo (qaphela, izinkinga ezingahlangene nezitho zangasese kuphela, kodwa zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga).
Kuzwakala sengathi lesi sihloko sabhalwa ngumuntu ohlanekezelwe futhi ocasuliwe onciphisa zonke izihloko ukuya ocansini, ngoba imfundo yobulili ayiyona nje kuphela ucansi, kodwa mayelana nemingcele yomuntu wonke, umehluko phakathi kwabantu nokuthembela kubazali, yilokho kuphela.
Imingcele yomuntu siqu, ukwethembana, njll. yilokhu abazali abakhuluma ngakho nezingane zabo ngokwabo, bekulokhu kunjalo, kusekhona futhi kuzoba njalo.
Noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi izingane abesabi ukutshela abazali bazo, kudingekile ukuqhuba amakilasi ukufundisa izingane, ngokukhanya kobuncane bazo, zingakabi nezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nobuhlobo bomphakathi, kungaba kungaba ngcono ukufundisa abazali indlela yokusungula ubuhlobo bokwethembana nezingane?
Isihloko esihle.
Kuyaphawuleka kahle kakhulu ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngemfundo yocansi ngaphansi kwenhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene kanye nezinhlangano ezikhululekile kwesokunxele empeleni zenza ucansi futhi zonakalise izingane, futhi azizibeki umsebenzi wokubavikela ezifweni noma ekuziphatheni okuxekethile.
EJalimane, isibonelo, imfundo yezocansi yethulwa kukharikhulamu yesikole, futhi ezifundweni ezinjalo, izingane ezineminyaka engu-6+ zijwayelana nokuvimbela inzalo, ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani futhi zizijwayeze kuma-mannequin okwenziwa, yiziphi izinhlobo zocansi ezikhona nezinto ezinjalo. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, abagqugquzeli bemfundo yobulili bamane abaqondi ukuthi yini abayivikelayo nokuthi yini abayifunela izingane zabanye abantu. Ngokuvamile abanazo ezabo.
Izinhlolovo eziku-inthanethi ngokujwayelekile zingamboza kuphela isampula yalabo abasebenzisa i-inthanethi, nakuba sisenabantu abaningi abavela esizukulwaneni abangayisebenzisi ngakho-ke isampula alimeleli ngokwanele. Futhi lena ibhuku lobuso. Inhlolovo ye-Facebook iveza izethameli ze-Facebook kuphela. Kodwa le miphumela ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kubo bonke abantu baseRussia