Sesivele wabhala mayelana nososayensi waseJalimane wokuziphendukela kwemvelo u-Ulrich Kucher, owaquliswa icala lokuqunga i-pseudoscience ewumsuka wombono we-LGBT kanye nethiyori yobulili. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuqulwa kwecala, usosayensi wakhululwa, kodwa icala aligcinanga lapho. Ngolunye usuku usitshele ukuthi umshushisi uzama ukuhoxisa ukuhoxiswa kwecala futhi alivule kabusha icala, kulokhu ngejaji elehlukile. Ngezansi sishicilela incwadi ethunyelwe kithi nguprofesa. Ngokusho kwakhe, waphendukela ngokuphindaphindiwe ezintweni zesayensi eziqoqwe kuwebhusayithi yeqembu leSayensi yeQiniso kanye encwadini "I-Rhetoric of the Homosexual Movement in the Light of Scientific Facts" kaViktor Lysov, ayibheka njengenye yezinsiza ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Funda kabanzi »Isigcini Sokulondolozwa kwesigaba: Ukuhumusha
UGerard Aardweg kwi-psychology yobungqingili nobushiqela obunobunono
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esedume umhlaba wonke saseDashi uGerard van den Aardweg sikhethekile ocwaningweni nasekwelashweni kongqingili esikhathini esiningi semisebenzi yakhe eyinqayizivele ye-50. Ilungu leKomidi Leseluleki Lesayensi yeNational Association for the Study and Treatment of Homosexuality (NARTH), umbhali wezincwadi nezindatshana zesayensi, namhlanje ungomunye wochwepheshe abambalwa abathuse ukudalula iqiniso elingalungile lalesi sihloko livela ezikhundleni eziyiqiniso, ngokususelwa kunhloso, hhayi kuhlanekezelwe ngombono idatha yokubandlulula. Ngezansi kucashunwe embikweni wakhe "The Naturalization" Ubungqingili noHumanae Vitae "funda ngaphandle engqungqutheleni yopapa Isikhungo Sokuphila Komuntu Nomndeni ngonyaka we-2018.
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Ingabe “isayensi yanamuhla” ayiyakhethi impikiswano yobungqingili?
Iningi lalezi zinto lashicilelwa ephephabhukwini i-Russian Journal of Education and Psychology: I-Lysov V. Isayensi nobungqingili: ukukhetha okuphathelene nezepolitiki e-Academia yanamuhla.
I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2019-2-6-49
“Idumela lesayensi yeqiniso lintshontshiwe ngumuntu olisebenzisa kabi
amawele udadewabo - isayensi "yamanga",
I-ajenda yombono nje.
Lo mbono ususe lokho kuthembela
okuyiqiniso ukuthi kungokwesayensi yeqiniso. "
encwadini ka-Austin Rousse ethi Fake Science
Isifingqo
Funda kabanzi »Izitatimende ezinjengokuthi “imbangela yofuzo yobungqingili isifakazelwe” noma “ukukhangwa kobungqingili akunakushintshwa” zenziwa njalo emicimbini yokufundisa yesayensi edumile naku-inthanethi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezihloselwe abantu abangenalwazi ngokwesayensi. Kulesi sihloko, ngizobonisa ukuthi umphakathi wesayensi yesimanje uphethwe abantu abaveza imibono yabo yezenhlalo nezombusazwe emisebenzini yabo yesayensi, okwenza inqubo yesayensi icheme kakhulu. Le mibono ehlongozwayo ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezitatimende zezombusazwe, ezihlanganisa maqondana nalokho okuthiwa. “abancane bobulili obufanayo”, okungukuthi “ubulili obufanayo buwukuhluka okujwayelekile kobulili phakathi kwabantu nezilwane”, ukuthi “ukukhangwa kwabantu bobulili obufanayo kungokwemvelo futhi akukwazi ukushintshwa”, “ubulili buyisakhiwo somphakathi esingakhawulelwe ekuhlukaniseni kanambambili”, njll. njalo njalo. Ngizobonisa ukuthi imibono enjalo ibhekwa njengeyiqiniso, izinzile, futhi isungulwe emibuthanweni yesayensi yaseNtshonalanga yesimanje, ngisho noma bungekho ubufakazi besayensi obunamandla, kuyilapho imibono ehlukile ibhalwe ngokushesha ngokuthi “isayensi-mbumbulu” kanye “namanga,” ngisho noma inobufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda. emva kwabo. Ziningi izici ezingabalulwa njengembangela yokuchema okunjalo - ifa elimangalisayo lenhlalo nomlando eliholele ekuveleni "kokungavumelani kwesayensi", imizabalazo eshubile yezombangazwe eyadala ubuzenzisi, "ukuhweba" kwesayensi okuholela ekuphishekeleni imizwa. , njll. Ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugwema ngokuphelele ukuchema kwesayensi kusalokhu kuyimpikiswano. Kodwa-ke, ngokubona kwami, kungenzeka ukudala izimo zenqubo yesayensi elinganayo.
Usinde ubungqingili ... Ngesibindi
Indaba engagwegwesi yowayengungqingili, echaza impilo yansuku zonke “yezitabane” ezijwayelekile - izigebengu ezingapheli, ukuxega kanye nezifo ezihambisana nazo, amakilabhu, izidakamizwa, izinkinga zamathumbu aphansi, ukucindezeleka kanye nokuququda, umuzwa onganeliseki wokunganeliseki nesizungu, kusukela okuwukuziphatha okubi kanye ne-Datura enikeza kuphela ukuphumula kwesikhashana. Lokhu kulandisa kuqukethe imininingwane enyanyekayo yezenzo zobungqingili nemiphumela yazo, okushiya insalela yendle ecasulayo ngokungangabazeki ezoba nzima kumfundi ovamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, badlulisela konke ngokunembile sokuhlakaza ububi bokuphila kobungqingili buqhathaniswa nokuhlanza umbala wethanga. Ibonisa iqiniso elibuhlungu lobungqingili besilisa njengoba linjalo ngempela - umkhonyovuongenangqondo futhi ongenamusa. “Ukuba yisitabane” ekugcineni kusho ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu okucijwe ku-ukumbiwa kwegazi negazi, kunokuba kubambelele ezandleni zabafana abanamehlo amakhulu e-kawaii yoyoynyh inganekwane yabalandeli.
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Izinkinga zomphakathi "wezitabane" ngeso langaphakathi
Ku-1989, izishoshovu ezimbili zesitabane se-Harvard eshicilelwe incwadi echaza uhlelo lokuguqula isimo sengqondo somphakathi jikelele ngobungqingili ngokusebenzisa inkulumo-ze, imigomo eyisisekelo okuxoxwe ngayo lapha. Esahlukweni sokugcina sale ncwadi, ababhali bazichaza ngokweqile i-10 izinkinga ezinkulu ekuziphatheni kwabobungqingili, okumele kubhekwane nazo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithombe sabo emehlweni omphakathi jikelele. Ababhali babhala ukuthi ongqingili bazenqaba zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha; ukuthi baya ocansini ezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi uma bengena ngendlela, baqala ukumemeza ngcindezelo kanye nokuqothuka kwabasekhaya; ukuthi bangama-narcissistic, amanyala, ubugovu, bathambekele emangeni, ku-hedonism, kokungathembeki, unya, ukuzibhubhisa, ukuphika iqiniso, ukunganaki, ukuthatheka kwezepolitiki kanye nemibono yobuhlanya. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, lezi zimfanelo zacishe zaba munye nanye ezichazwa ngudokotela wezengqondo odumile ogama lakhe Edmund Bergler, owafundela ubungqingili iminyaka engu-30 futhi waqashelwa “njengomcabango obaluleke kakhulu” kulo mkhakha. Kuthathe ababhali abangaphezu kwamakhasi angama-80 ukuchaza izinkinga ezihambisana nendlela yokuphila yomphakathi wezitabane. Isishoshovu se-LGBT u-Igor Kochetkov (umuntu osebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle) enkulumweni yakhe "Amandla ezepolitiki wenhlangano ye-LGBT yomhlaba: izishoshovu zawufeza kanjani umgomo wazo" wathi le ncwadi isiphenduke i-ABC yezishoshovu ze-LGBT emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi neRussia, futhi eziningi zisasukela ezimisweni ezichazwe kuyo. Embuzweni: "Ngabe umphakathi we-LGBT uzisusile lezi zinkinga?" U-Igor Kochetkov wamphendula ngokumsusa futhi ebuza ukuvinjelwa, ngokusobala, ukuthi izinkinga zaqhubeka. Okulandelayo incazelo emfushane.
Ukwelashwa kobungqingili ngaphambi kwenkathi yokulungiswa kwezombusazwe
Amacala amaningi okuphumelela kokulungiswa okwelashwa kokuziphatha kobungqingili nokuheha kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe ezincwadini zobungcweti. Bika I-National Association for the Study and Therapy ofungqingili iveza ukubukelwa kobufakazi obuqandayo, imibiko yomtholampilo kanye nocwaningo kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kube manje, okufakazela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane abanentshisekelo bangalwenza lolu shintsho kusuka ebungqingili kuya kobungqingili. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yokunemba kwezombusazwe, kwakuyiqiniso elaziwayo lesayensi, okuyinto ngokukhululeka Ubhale umshini omkhulu wezindaba. Ngisho ne-American Psychiatric Association, ngaphandle kobungqingili be-syntonic kuhlu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo e-1974, kuphawuliwe, lokho "Izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje zivumela ingxenye enkulu yabongqingili abafuna ukuguqula isimo sabo ukwenza kanjalo".
Okulandelayo ukuhumusha izindatshana kusuka eNew York Times ye1971.
Ukwelashwa kobungqingili
Udokotela ovelele wezifo zengqondo, i-psychoanalyst kanye ne-MD, u-Edmund Bergler wabhala izincwadi ze-25 ezikhuluma nge-psychology kanye ne-273 kumajenali aphambili ochwepheshe. Izincwadi zakhe zidingida izihloko ezinjengokukhula kwengane, i-neurosis, izingqinamba zokuphila kwasebusuku, ubunzima bomshado, ukugembula, ukuzilimaza kanye nobungqingili. UBerggler wayeqashelwa kufanele njengesazi sesikhathi sakhe maqondana nobungqingili. Okulandelayo izingcaphuno ezivela emsebenzini wakhe.
Izincwadi zakamuva nemikhiqizo yakamuva izamile ukuveza ubungqingili njengezisulu ezingeneme ezifanelwe ukuzwelwa. Ukudluliswa kwezinduna ze-lacrimal akunangqondo: ongqingili bangahlala baphendukela osizweni lwezengqondo futhi belaphe uma bafuna. Kepha ukungazi komphakathi kusabalale kakhulu ngalolu daba, futhi ukukhohliswa kwabantu abathandana nabobungqingili ngombono womphakathi ngabo kusebenza kakhulu kangangokuba nabantu abahlakaniphe impela abazalwanga izolo bazitholela izithiyo zabo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakamuva kwengqondo nokucwaninga kufakazele ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi isiphetho okuthiwa singeke siguqulwe sokobungqingili (kwesinye isikhathi size sibangelwe yizimo ezingezona nezegciwane kanye nama-hormonal) empeleni siyisigaba esishintshiwe sokwelashwa kwe-neurosis. I-pessimism yokwelapha yesikhathi esedlule inyamalala kancane kancane: namuhla i-psychotherapyic isiqondisi se-psychodynamic ingalapha ubungqingili.
Ngokwelapha, ngiqonde:
I-1. ukungabi nandaba ngokuphelele nobulili babo;
I-2. injabulo ejwayelekile yezocansi;
I-3. ushintsho lwesimilo.