Ngaphambilini sibhale ngososayensi waseJalimane okholelwa ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo u-Ulrich Kutscher, owabekwa icala ngenxa yesibindi sokungabaza isayensi-mbumbulu eyisisekelo semibono ye-LGBT* kanye nenkolelo-mbono yobulili. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yobunzima kwezomthetho, usosayensi wakhululwa, kodwa icala alizange liphele lapho. Muva nje, usazise ukuthi ihhovisi lomshushisi lizama ukuguqula ukukhululwa futhi liphinde livule icala, kulokhu nejaji elihlukile. Ngezansi, sishicilela incwadi esithunyelelwe yona nguprofesa. Ngokusho kwakhe, usebukeze kaningi izinto zesayensi eziqoqwe kwiwebhusayithi yeqembu elithi "Science for Truth" kanye nasencwadini kaViktor Lysov ethi "The Rhetoric of the Homosexual Movement in Light of Scientific Facts," ayibheka njengenye yezinsiza ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Funda kabanzi »Isigcini Sokulondolozwa kwesigaba: Ukuhumusha
UGerard Aardweg kwi-psychology yobungqingili nobushiqela obunobunono
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseDashi esidumile emhlabeni wonke uGerard van den Aardweg ugxile ekucwaningweni nasekuphathweni kobungqingili isikhathi esiningi somsebenzi wakhe ovelele weminyaka engama-50. Njengelungu leKomidi Lokweluleka Lesayensi le-National Association for the Research and Treatment of Homosexuality (NARTH) kanye nombhali wezincwadi nezihloko zesayensi, okwamanje ungomunye wochwepheshe abambalwa abanesibindi sokudalula iqiniso elingakhululekile lalesi sihloko ngombono oyiqiniso kuphela, ngokusekelwe kudatha eqondile engangcoliswanga ukucwasa ngokwemibono. Ngezansi kunesiqephu esivela ephepheni lakhe, "Ukwenziwa 'Kokujwayelekile' Kobungqingili kanye neHumanae Vitae ," elanikezwa engqungqutheleni ka-2018 yePontifical Academy for Human Life and the Family .
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Ingabe “isayensi yanamuhla” ayiyakhethi impikiswano yobungqingili?
Iningi lalezi zinto lashicilelwa ephephabhukwini i-Russian Journal of Education and Psychology: I-Lysov V. Isayensi nobungqingili: ukukhetha okuphathelene nezepolitiki e-Academia yanamuhla.
I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2019-2-6-49
“Idumela lesayensi yeqiniso lintshontshiwe ngumuntu olisebenzisa kabi
amawele udadewabo - isayensi "yamanga",
I-ajenda yombono nje.
Lo mbono ususe lokho kuthembela
okuyiqiniso ukuthi kungokwesayensi yeqiniso. "
encwadini ka-Austin Rousse ethi Fake Science
Isifingqo
Funda kabanzi »Izitatimende ezinjengokuthi "imbangela yofuzo yobungqingili ibonakele" noma "ukukhangwa kobungqingili akunakuguqulwa" zihlala zibekwa emicimbini yezemfundo yesayensi ethandwayo nakwi-Intanethi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, okuhloselwe abantu abangenalwazi ngokwesayensi. Kule ndatshana ngizokhombisa ukuthi umphakathi wesayensi wanamuhla ubuswa ngabantu abethula imibono yabo yezenhlalo nezepolitiki emisebenzini yabo yesayensi, okwenza inqubo yesayensi ichemele kakhulu. Le mibono ebonwayo ifaka phakathi izitatimende eziningi zepolitiki, kufaka phakathi maqondana nalokho okuthiwa. "Abancane bezocansi", okungukuthi, ukuthi "ubungqingili yinto eyejwayelekile yokuya ocansini kubantu nasezilwaneni", ukuthi "ukukhangwa kwabobulili obufanayo kungokwemvelo futhi akukwazi ukuguqulwa", "ubulili ukwakhiwa komphakathi okungagcini ngokuhlukaniswa kanambambili", njll. njll. Ngizobonisa ukuthi imibono enjalo emibuthanweni yesayensi yanamuhla eNtshonalanga ibhekwa njengesijwayelekile, ezinzile futhi esungulwe kahle, ngisho noma bungekho ubufakazi obukholisayo besayensi, kuyilapho imibono ehlukile ibizwa ngokushesha ngokuthi "i-pseudoscientific" futhi "ingamanga" noma ngabe kunesizinda esiphoqayo ngemuva kwayo. Ziningi izinto ezingashiwo njengesizathu salokhu kukhetha - ifa elimangalisayo lezenhlalo nezomlando okuholele ekuveleni "kwamasu esayensi", izimpi ezinkulu zepolitiki ezadala ubuzenzisi, "ukuhweba" kwesayensi, okuholele ekuphokophelweni kwemizwa, njll. Ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugwema ngokuphelele ukwenzelela kwisayensi kuhlala kuyiphuzu lezingxabano. Kodwa-ke, ngombono wami, kungenzeka ukuthi kudalwe izimo zenqubo yesayensi elingana ngokulingana.
Usinde ubungqingili ... Ngesibindi
Indaba eqotho yomuntu owayengongqingili, echaza impilo yansuku zonke "yongqingili" ojwayelekile—i-enemas engapheli, ucansi olungcolile kanye nezifo ezihlobene nalo, amakilabhu, izidakamizwa, izinkinga zamathumbu aphansi, ukucindezeleka, kanye nomuzwa wokunganeliseki nokunganeliseki, lapho ukuziphatha okubi nezidakamizwa kunikeza khona ukuphumula kwesikhashana kuphela. Le ndaba iqukethe imininingwane enyanyekayo yemikhuba yobungqingili nemiphumela yayo, ishiya insalela yendle ecasulayo okuzoba nzima ngokungangabazeki kumfundi ongayazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ziveza ngokunembile ububi bendlela yokuphila yobungqingili, ezizenza sengathi zingabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, ezizenza sengathi zingabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo. Lapha, iqiniso elibuhlungu lobungqingili besilisa liboniswa ngalokho eliyikho ngempela— ihlazo , ukungabi nangqondo, nokungabi nasihawu. "Ukuba ngungqingili" ekugcineni kusho ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu, okungcoliswe yindle negazi, hhayi abafana abanamehlo amakhulu ababambene ngezandla ezinganekwaneni zabalandeli be -yaoi.
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Izinkinga zomphakathi wesitabane ngamehlo ngaphakathi
Ku-1989, izishoshovu ezimbili zesitabane se-Harvard eshicilelwe incwadi echaza uhlelo lokuguqula isimo sengqondo somphakathi jikelele ngobungqingili ngokusebenzisa inkulumo-ze, imigomo eyisisekelo okuxoxwe ngayo lapha. Esahlukweni sokugcina sale ncwadi, ababhali bazichaza ngokweqile i-10 izinkinga ezinkulu ekuziphatheni kwabobungqingili, okumele kubhekwane nazo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithombe sabo emehlweni omphakathi jikelele. Ababhali babhala ukuthi ongqingili bazenqaba zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha; ukuthi baya ocansini ezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi uma bengena ngendlela, baqala ukumemeza ngcindezelo kanye nokuqothuka kwabasekhaya; ukuthi bangama-narcissistic, amanyala, ubugovu, bathambekele emangeni, ku-hedonism, kokungathembeki, unya, ukuzibhubhisa, ukuphika iqiniso, ukunganaki, ukuthatheka kwezepolitiki kanye nemibono yobuhlanya. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, lezi zimfanelo zacishe zaba munye nanye ezichazwa ngudokotela wezengqondo odumile ogama lakhe Edmund Bergler, owafundela ubungqingili iminyaka engu-30 futhi waqashelwa “njengomcabango obaluleke kakhulu” kulo mkhakha. Ababhali bathathe amakhasi angaphezu kuka-80 ukuchaza izinkinga ezihambisana nendlela yokuphila yomphakathi wobungqingili. Isishoshovu senhlangano ye-LGBT* u-Igor Kochetkov (umuntu osebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle) enkulumweni yakhe “Amandla ezepolitiki enhlangano yomhlaba wonke ye-LGBT*: indlela izishoshovu eziyifeza ngayo inhloso yazo” yathi le ncwadi isiyi-ABC yezishoshovu ze-LGBT* emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseRussia, futhi abaningi basaqhubeka nezimiso ezichazwe kuyo. Embuzweni othi: “Ingabe umphakathi we-LGBT* uziqedile lezi zinkinga?” U-Igor Kochetkov uphendula ngokuyisusa futhi evimbela umbuzo, ngokusobala eqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga zisekhona. Okulandelayo incazelo kafushane ngazo.
Ukwelashwa kobungqingili ngaphambi kwenkathi yokulungiswa kwezombusazwe
Amacala amaningi okuphumelela kokulungiswa okwelashwa kokuziphatha kobungqingili nokuheha kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe ezincwadini zobungcweti. Bika I-National Association for the Study and Therapy ofungqingili iveza ukubukelwa kobufakazi obuqandayo, imibiko yomtholampilo kanye nocwaningo kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kube manje, okufakazela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane abanentshisekelo bangalwenza lolu shintsho kusuka ebungqingili kuya kobungqingili. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yokunemba kwezombusazwe, kwakuyiqiniso elaziwayo lesayensi, okuyinto ngokukhululeka Ubhale umshini omkhulu wezindaba. Ngisho ne-American Psychiatric Association, ngaphandle kobungqingili be-syntonic kuhlu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo e-1974, kuphawuliwe, lokho "Izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje zivumela ingxenye enkulu yabongqingili abafuna ukuguqula isimo sabo ukwenza kanjalo".
Okulandelayo ukuhumusha izindatshana kusuka eNew York Times ye1971.
Ukwelashwa kobungqingili
Udokotela ovelele wezifo zengqondo, i-psychoanalyst kanye ne-MD, u-Edmund Bergler wabhala izincwadi ze-25 ezikhuluma nge-psychology kanye ne-273 kumajenali aphambili ochwepheshe. Izincwadi zakhe zidingida izihloko ezinjengokukhula kwengane, i-neurosis, izingqinamba zokuphila kwasebusuku, ubunzima bomshado, ukugembula, ukuzilimaza kanye nobungqingili. UBerggler wayeqashelwa kufanele njengesazi sesikhathi sakhe maqondana nobungqingili. Okulandelayo izingcaphuno ezivela emsebenzini wakhe.
Izincwadi zakamuva nemikhiqizo yakamuva izamile ukuveza ubungqingili njengezisulu ezingeneme ezifanelwe ukuzwelwa. Ukudluliswa kwezinduna ze-lacrimal akunangqondo: ongqingili bangahlala baphendukela osizweni lwezengqondo futhi belaphe uma bafuna. Kepha ukungazi komphakathi kusabalale kakhulu ngalolu daba, futhi ukukhohliswa kwabantu abathandana nabobungqingili ngombono womphakathi ngabo kusebenza kakhulu kangangokuba nabantu abahlakaniphe impela abazalwanga izolo bazitholela izithiyo zabo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakamuva kwengqondo nokucwaninga kufakazele ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi isiphetho okuthiwa singeke siguqulwe sokobungqingili (kwesinye isikhathi size sibangelwe yizimo ezingezona nezegciwane kanye nama-hormonal) empeleni siyisigaba esishintshiwe sokwelashwa kwe-neurosis. I-pessimism yokwelapha yesikhathi esedlule inyamalala kancane kancane: namuhla i-psychotherapyic isiqondisi se-psychodynamic ingalapha ubungqingili.
Ngokwelapha, ngiqonde:
I-1. ukungabi nandaba ngokuphelele nobulili babo;
I-2. injabulo ejwayelekile yezocansi;
I-3. ushintsho lwesimilo.