IProject 10, ethatha igama layo kusuka ezinganekwaneni zokuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi ungungqingili, yasungulwa ngo-1984 eLos Angeles. Inhloso yale phrojekthi, ngokusho kukathisha ongungqingili uVirginia Uribe, owayisungula, "ngukuqinisekisa abafundi, ukuqala enkulisa, ukwamukela ukuziphatha kobungqingili njengokujwayelekile nokufiselekayo." Uthe kudingekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinkantolo zombuso ukuphoqa izikole ukuthi zisakaze imininingwane ngobungqingili. Ngokusho kwakhe, "izingane kufanele zikuzwe lokhu, kusuka enkulisa kuya esikoleni esiphakeme, ngoba umqondo wakudala wokukhuluma ngakho esikoleni esiphakeme awusebenzi."
Uvumile: “Le yimpi ... Mina, ayikho indawo yokucatshangelwa ngonembeza. Kumele siyilwe le mpi ".

Indawo: Inhloko ye-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being uPopova A.Yu

Kopisha: Inhloko yoMnyango We-Research Institute of Epidemiology Rospotrebnadzor V.V. Pokrovsky

U-Anna Yurievna othandekayo!

UVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky esikhundleni sikaRospotrebnadzor uthe [1] ukubaluleka kwemfundo yezocansi ezikoleni.

1. Sikucela ukuthi wenze uphenyo lwangaphakathi futhi uthole ukuthi iyiphi idatha yesayensi nezibalo uVadim Valentinovich ayenze lesi sitatimende esikhulu. Ingabe kwenziwa njengengxenye yokugcwaliseka okuyimpumputhe kwezidingo zezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe eRussia?

2. Sicela uhlole ukuthi u-Vadim Valentinovich usebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle mayelana nokuzwakalisa isidingo "sokufundisa ngocansi" ezinganeni zaseRussia, nokuthi wayenalo yini ilungelo lokukhulumela i-Rospotrebnadzor.

3. Sikucela ukuthi uhlole ukufaneleka kochwepheshe kukaVadim Valentinovich mayelana nokungahambisani nezitatimende nokucindezelwa kwamaqiniso.

4. Sikucela ukuthi uhlole izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ze-Russian Federation ukuthi ziyahambisana yini namasu okuthuthukisa okuzimele, okuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwabantu (izivumelwano ze-UN zihlose ukwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa), futhi utuse ukuhoxa kulezo zivumelwano ezingathobeli uMthethosisekelo wezwe. iRussian Federation kanye nesu lokuthuthukiswa kweRussia.

5. Sikucela ukuthi ufunde umthelela "wemfundo yocansi" enconywe yi-UN, ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kobufebe kanye nokuqedwa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu ekuphepheni kwe-epidemiological yamaRussia, imiphumela yezempilo kanye nenani labantu.

6. Yenza isitatimende esisemthethweni ngemiphumela yocwaningo.

Ukufunda umbono wobungcweti, izikhalazo zabhalelwa uMnyango Wezemfundo weRussian Federation, kufaka phakathi owesifunda, okhombisa imithombo neziphetho, ngesiphakamiso sokuhlola isidingo sokwethula imfundo yezocansi ezikoleni. Izimpendulo ezingaqondakali zitholakele ngokungamukeleki kwamathonya anjalo ezinganeni, nokungabikho kwezinhlelo zokwethula "imfundo yezocansi". Le minyango ithi umsebenzi wayo kuhloswe ngawo ukudala isimo sokuhlonipha umhlaba wonke ngemikhuba yendabuko nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, ekukhuliseni izingane ngokomoya nangokokuziphatha.

Kulesi simo, isincomo sommeleli we-Rospotrebnadzor ekwethulweni kwe-"seksprosvet" sibukeka okungenani singenamsebenzi.

Izincomo zekomidi le-UN

IKomidi Lezizwe Ezihlangene (i-CEDAW) lingumkhandlu wochwepheshe abazimele ababhekele ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwamaqembu e-United States ku-Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Ukuqaliswa kwalesi sivumelwano (njengeminye imibhalo eminingi ye-UN) kuncishiselwa ekubhujisweni komndeni wendabuko, kufaka phakathi nokufundiswa kwabantu abasha ngentando, okuvezwa "njengemfundo yezocansi".

Lesi nezinye izivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba zisetshenziswa izishoshovu ze-LGBT ukunxenxa imisebenzi yazo.

Ngaphezu kwesifiso sokusungula umsebenzi wama-NGO NGO aseNtshonalanga endaweni yaseRussia ngaphandle kokubhaliswa ngabasebenzeli bawo bangaphandle, ikomidi le-UN linxusa [2] ukwethula isu eliphelele elibhekiswe kwabesifazane nabesilisa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi, kubandakanya nabaholi bezenkolo , ukuze “kuqedwe izinkolelo-mbono nemibono yezinzalamizi ngendima nezibopho zabesifazane nabesilisa emndenini nasemphakathini”. Kuze kube manje, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe kwikharikhulamu eyimpoqo yezikole zamabanga aphansi kanye namabanga aphezulu izifundo eziphelele ngezempilo yezocansi nokuzala kanye namalungelo ahlobene namantombazane nabafana futhi kwenziwe ngokomthetho ukuthengisa ngomzimba (ichitha i-athikili 6.11 ye-Administrative Code), ngenkathi kuqedwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukukhipha isisu.

Ngamagama alula, ikomidi le-UN lifuna eRussia ukubhujiswa kwezindinganiso zendabuko, kufaka phakathi abaholi bezenkolo, ukwethulwa "kokufundiswa ngocansi", ukuqedwa kokuvimbela ukukhipha isisu kanye nokugunyazwa kobufebe ngokusemthethweni, kubandakanya nokusizwa ngabenzeli bangaphandle.

Ngonyaka we-1994, kwasayinwa ama-Cairo Accords, ayekhuluma ngokuzala kwabantu, ukwakheka komndeni kanye nezocansi. Umsebenzi omkhulu bekungu ukwehla kokuzala, eyethulwe ngesembozo sokuzidela ngokulingana ngokobulili, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yokuzala yowesifazane nokuhlonipha amalungelo akhe okuzala (okusho ukukhipha isisu nokuvala inzalo). Njengoba izinyathelo ezithile zokuchithwa kwabantu zazibhalwe phansi "imfundo yezocansi", izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo kanye nenkulumo-ze emelene nokuzala.

Izidingo ezinjalo ziphikisana nezinhlelo zamasu zokuthuthukiswa kweRussian Federation futhi zibukela phansi ukuphepha kwabantu baseRussia, ziphikisana nesinqumo sikamongameli "Ezinhlosweni zentuthuko kazwelonke zeRussian Federation kuze kufike ku-2030", okukhombisa isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukusimama ukukhula kwenani labantu baseRussian Federation, futhi kungaholela ekunciphiseni amandla okuzala kanye neminyaka yokuphila yamaRussia.

Isipiliyoni samazwe omhlaba sokwethula imfundo yezocansi

Igunyazwe i-CDC ngo-2017, ukuhlaziya imeta yezifundo [3] okusolakala ukuthi zafakazela ukusebenza kwezinhlelo "zokufundisa ngocansi" zathola ukuthi beziyikhwalithi ephansi yendlela yokusebenza futhi zinemiphumela engqubuzanayo engazange ivumele ukwenza iziphetho ezicacile.

Ukubuyekezwa konyaka kamuva [4] akubutholanga ubufakazi bokuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa ngocansi ezikoleni ziyasebenza ekwehliseni ukukhulelwa kwentsha nokuvikela i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

Okunye ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta: "Ingabe izinhlelo zesikole ziyayivimbela i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezinganeni?" Kwafika eziphethweni ezifanayo [5]: "Lezi zifundo, kufaka phakathi izilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, bezingezobuciko obuphansi futhi bezineziphetho ezixubekile ebezingakwazi unikeze isizathu esikholisayo sokuphumelela kwezinhlelo zesikole. "

Ku-2019, abacwaningi e-Institute for Research and Evaluation (IRE) bashicilele ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke olwalubheka ezincwadini zesayensi ezihlola izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokufundisa ngezocansi: I-Comprehensive Education Sexuality (CSE) ne-Abstinence Kuze Kuhlanganiswe Imfundo Yezocansi (AE) [6]. Njengoba ababhali balesi sibuyekezo bebhala, “Lapho sahlulelwa ngemibandela evumelekile, i-database ye-103 yezifundo ezinamandla nezisanda kwenziwa ze-CSE, ikhwalithi evivinywa yizinhlangano ezintathu zesayensi ezaziwayo (i-UNESCO, i-CDC ne-HHS), ikhombise ubufakazi obuncane bokusebenza kwe-CSE isimo sesikole nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kobufakazi obuncane obuhle, cishe bonke batholwa ngabathuthukisi bohlelo futhi abaphindwanga. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi imfundo ephelele yezocansi akuyona isu elisebenzayo lempilo yomphakathi emakilasini emhlabeni wonke nokuthi lezi zinhlelo zingaba yingozi".

Ungayichaza kanjani imisebenzi yabantu abazama ukuphoqelela inqubo engasebenzi neyingozi ezinganeni zethu? Ngabe iRospotrebnadzor ingancoma ukudla kwezingane, izinzuzo zazo ezingakaze zifakazelwe futhi kunobufakazi bokulimala empilweni? Futhi kuthiwani "ngokukhanyiselwa ngocansi"?

Imiphumela yokwethulwa kwezindlela zokufundisa ngezocansi ngokusho kwezindlela ze-WHO

Imininingwane ye-United States inikezwa yi-CDC [7]. Kube nokwanda okubukhali nokuqhubekayo ezimweni zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) eminyakeni yamuva. Izilinganiso ze-STD zikhuphukile unyaka wesihlanu zilandelana [8] futhi zifinyelele emazingeni okurekhoda. Amacala we-syphilis azalwa nayo (adluliselwa kusuka kumama aye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) enyuke ngo-2017% kusuka ngo-2018 kuya ku-40. Ugcunsula azalwe nawo angaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu, ukuzala ingane ishonile, nokufa kwengane esanda kuzalwa, kanye nezinkinga ezinzima zomzimba nezenhliziyo ezinde. Kubonakala isithombe esifanayo eNgilandi. Ngokuya ngemininingwane kahulumeni, phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018, inani lokutholakala kwe-chlamydia emadodeni alala namadoda - i-MSM (61%: kusuka ku-11 760 kuya ku-18), ugcunsula (892%: kusuka ku-61 kuya ku-3527) kanye ne-gonorrhea (5681%) : kusuka ku-43 kuya ku-18) [568].

ENetherlands [10], isibalo sokuxilongwa kukagcunsula sikhuphuke ngo-2016% ngo-30 uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2015. Lokhu kukhuphuka kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani lokuthola izifo phakathi kwe-MSM, kokubili nge-HIV nangaphandle kwayo. Ukuhlolelwa ama-STD e-Center for Health Health (CSG) ngo-2019 kukhombisile [11] ukuthi iphesenti labathinteka ngama-STD lenyukile uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2018. Inani lokuxilongwa kukagcunsula linyuke ngo-16,8%, ne-gonorrhea - ngo-11%, ikakhulu ngenxa ye-MSM.

I-Chlamydia yisifo esidluliswa kakhulu ngocansi eFinland. Ngo-2019, kwatholakala ukuthi amacala angaba ngu-16 200 okutheleleka nge-chlamydia, okungaphezu kuka-1000 2018 ngo-80. Lesi yisilinganiso sonyaka esiphakeme kunazo zonke esake sabhalwa kuNational Registry of Infectious Diseases. Ukusabalala kwezifo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha: cishe ama-15% alabo abatholakale beneminyaka eyi-29-12. Isimo se-gonorrhea ne-syphilis naso sikhuphukile [XNUMX].

Ososayensi base-Australia babhala "nge-gonorrhea edlangile phakathi kwamadoda angama-bi nabangqingili" [13].

E-Germany, esikhathini esisuka ku-2010 (unyaka wokushicilelwa kwendlela "yokufundisa ngocansi" i-WHO) kuya ku-2017, izehlakalo zegcunsula zande ngama-83% kuya kuma-9,1 amacala kubantu abangu-100 [000].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, liyanda inani labantu abanezintandokazi zobungqingili phakathi kwabantu abasha, futhi nenani labantu abahlukunyezwa ngokobulili - "i-dysphoria yezobulili", liyanda njengobhadane, kuyilapho ukwanda ngokulingana kwezifo ezisezingeni le-MSM akuchazi ukwanda kwesibalo se-LGBT ngokwanda kokuvuleka kwabaphendulayo. [ishumi nane].

Ngokusho kukaYougov [15]: "Ngo-2019, babecishe babe yisigamu isibalo" sabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile "phakathi kwabantu baseBrithani abaneminyaka eyi-18-24 kunabantu abasesigabeni sabadala (44% uma kuqhathaniswa no-81%). Uma kwinhlolovo efanayo ngonyaka ka-2015 bangu-2% kuphela abantu abasha abazikhomba "njengabesilisa nabesifazane", bese kuthi eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva inani labo lenyuke amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili - laze lafika ku-8% ”.

Phakathi kwabantu abanezintandokazi zobungqingili, kukhona ukwanda kokuziphatha okuyingozi nokutheleleka. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu kuyehla, futhi ososayensi babikezela ukwehla okwengeziwe ekusetshenzisweni kwekhondomu [16].

Kusuka kusizindalwazi se-CDC [17]: “I-MSM (amadoda aya ocansini namadoda) asengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV namanye ama-STD amagciwane namagciwane ngoba enza ucansi lwendunu. I-rectal mucosa isengozini ngokungavamile kuma-pathogens wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ukwengeza, abalingani bobulili abaningi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nokuguquguquka kocansi okunenethiwekhi ye-MSM kwandisa ingozi ye-HIV kanye nezifo zocansi kuleli qembu. Izehlakalo zokutheleleka nge-HIV zehla kakhulu phakathi kwe-MSM kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kuya maphakathi nawo-1990. Nokho, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-MSM e-United States kanye cishe nawo wonke amazwe anezimboni aye abhekana namazinga andayo kagcunsula wangaphambi kwesikhathi (owukuqala, owesibili, noma oquke kancane), isipatsholo, ukutheleleka nge-chlamydial, namazinga aphezulu okuziphatha okuyingozi kobulili.”

Vadim Valentinovich enkulumweni yakhe, ekhuluma ngesimo sokutheleleka nge-HIV eNtshonalanga, uthuleukuthi lokhu kuncipha akufinyelelwanga ngokunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabantu engozini, ikakhulukazi ongqingili, kodwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yena ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka kubantu abasha abaneminyaka engu-23-25 ​​ubudala, kodwa uphikelela ekwethuleni imfundo yobulili ezikoleni, hhayi ngemva kokuqedwa kwayo emaqenjini asengozini - phakathi kwezifebe, ongqingili kanye nemilutha yezidakamizwa.

Incwadi yoMnyango Wezempilo yaseRussian Federation kaMashi 22, 2018 N 15-3 / 10 / 2-1811 "Esigabeni sokutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni" ithi: "Izifo zokutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni zibangelwa ikakhulu ukudluliswa kwe-HIV okuqonde ngqo kusuka kumama kuye enganeni".

Imininingwane yokuthi abesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nobulili obuhlukile ibe yindlela evelele yokutheleleka nge-HIV, kubuzwa embhalweni (ukubhekwa kwe-HIV / AIDS eYurophu 2020: idatha ye-2019) [19], ethi idatha yabantu abesilisa nabesifazane "kufanele ihunyushwe ngokuqapha" ngoba “Olunye ucwaningo olwenziwe engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSifunda luthole ukuthi imininingwane ngemizila yokudlulisa ingahle iqukathe izinto ezinganembile, ngoba iziguli eziningi ezibikwe njengokutheleleka ngokobulili obuhlukile zinomlando wokujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma, ezimeni zamadoda, ucansi phakathi kwamadoda". Isikhungo Sengculazi [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abaphikelela ngesidingo sokuvimbela i-HIV emaqenjini asengozini, okungukuthi phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, ahlala engabaholi bokudlulisela i-HIV e-EU / EEA.

Umbiko waseYurophu, ochaza izinyathelo zokulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV, uthi kufanele zisekelwe ebufakazini besayensi (idatha yesayensi efakazela ukuphumelela "kokufundisa ngocansi", akukho) futhi ubala izinyathelo ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola okuvamile, isaziso sozakwethu. , i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxile ngokukhethekile ekufinyeleleni amaqembu abalulekile asengozini [ongqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili namanye amadoda abalala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa]. Lo mbiko awusho lutho ngesidingo sokufundiswa ngezocansi ezinganeni ezikoleni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izifo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesikole lapho zineminyaka ephakathi kuka-37.

Izingane zaseRussia noma ngaphandle kwe- "seksprosvet" zithola imininingwane eyanele mayelana nokwakheka kohlelo lokuzala ezifundweni zebhayoloji, futhi zijwayelana nama-STD nezindlela zokuzivikela kwazo ngevolumu ephelele futhi edingekayo ezifundweni ze-OBZH. Umbiko we-FBSI we-Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor uthi “ingxenye yentsha kanye nentsha yehla ngo-2020 yaya ku-0,9%; ngo-2000, babalelwa ku-24,7% wokutheleleka nge-HIV okusha, kwathi ngo-2010 - 2,2% ”. ERussia, ngo-1996, kwenziwa umzamo wokuqhuba izifundo zokulinga ngemfundo yezocansi, ngenkathi kwakukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwezifo zocansi.

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha bafuna ukuyeka "ukukhuthazwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo", eyethulwa isikhungo semethodolo "Holis", ngosizo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungeneliseki kwabazali kwaqiniswa ukuhlolwa okungekuhle neze kweCentre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service ngaphansi kukaMongameli weRussia Federation kanye neNational Scientific Center for Narcology yaseRoszdrav. Kubonakala sengathi umbuzo "wokufundiswa ngocansi" ekugcineni uvaliwe eziphathimandla eziphakeme, kepha umbuzo uphakanyiswe lapho bebengalindele khona - kusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Isigaba somthetho 9.6 semithetho yenhlanzeko kanye nezifo ze-SP 3.1.5.2826-10 sivumela ukulawulwa kwemiyalo engafakazelwa ngokwesayensi emkhakheni wezemfundo, engaba yinkinga yokuphepha kuzwelonke futhi iphikisane nezinhloso zokuthuthukisa amasu eRussia Federation - umnotho wezwe, kusukela izifundo zemfundo yezocansi Kunconywa njengengxenye yezindlela zokwehlisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nezinye izifo zocansi zingaba ukwethulwa kwezijeziso zobugebengu zokugqugquzela ubungqingili, ukushintsha kobulili obufanayo, ukuphuza ngokweqile, imikhuba yezocansi engeyona eyemvelo (ucansi lwendunu), ukungabi nabantwana; kunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe zocansi nezinye izinto ezibandakanya izingane ezindleleni zokuphila eziyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqembu asengozini.

Izinhloso "zokukhanyiselwa ngocansi"

Siphakamisa ukutadisha i-athikili eningiliziwe yeqembu "Isayensi yeqiniso»[https://pro-lgbt.ru/6825/] ngezinhloso nemiphumela yokusetshenziswa "kwemfundo yezocansi" ngokusho kwezindlela ze-UN.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNyuvesi yase-Akron luthole ukuthi imfundo yezocansi iholela ekutheni abafundi babekezelele futhi bangabi nobutha ekuphambukeni kwezocansi (okungangabazeki ukuthi kukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya kubo).

Umqondisi we-Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) uSergei Naryshkin wenze izitatimende eziningi ezibalulekile emhlanganweni wamazwe omhlaba ophathelene nezindaba zokuphepha e-Ufa. Uqinisekile ukuthi ngaphansi kwesizathu "sokukhulula abantu" amabutho e-oda lomhlaba omusha alwa impi enenhloso elwa namagugu endabuko kanye nobuzwe. Kulokhu, abantu abasha bacubungulwa ngokuphelele.

"Ukuze kusheshiswe ukuguguleka komqondo wobulili, ukubaluleka komndeni nomshado, kwenziwa izinhlelo zokuqhakambisa" amalungelo "omphakathi we-LGBT, ukusabalalisa imibono yobufazi obunamandla ... ukwazi. Kuyacaca ukuthi abantu abanjalo bayizinto ezinhle zokukhohlisa, ikakhulukazi uma bane-iPhone exhunywe kwinethiwekhi. "

Ukubingelela okuhle, iqembu leSayensi Yeqiniso

Izincwadi

1. https://lenta.ru/news/2020/12/04/sekposvett/
2. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsnINnqKYBbHCTOaqVs8CBP2%2fEJgS2uWhk7nuL22CY5Q6EygEUW%2bboviXGrJ6B4KEJtSx4d5PifNptTh34zFc91S93Ta8rrMSy%2fH7ozZ373Jv (isixhumanisi esifushane https://vk.cc/bVLoGS).
3. UMirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA, Viitanen, A. et al. Ngabe Izinhlelo Ezenzelwe Esikoleni Ziyayivimba Yini I-HIV Nezinye Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi Ezintsha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta. Okwedlule kweSci 19, 490-506 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0
4. UMarseille, E., Mirzazadeh, A., Biggs, MA et al. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwentsha ezenzelwe isikole e-USA: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. Okwedlule kweSci 19, 468-489 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0861-6
5. Mirzazadeh A, Biggs MA, Viitanen A, Horvath H, Wang LY, Dunville R, Barrios LC, Kahn JG, Marseille E. Ngabe Izinhlelo Ezisuselwa Esikoleni Ziyayivikela I-HIV Nezinye Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi Ezinganeni Ezintsha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta. Okwedlule kweSci. 2018 Meyi; 19 (4): 490-506. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0830-0. PMID: 28786046.
6. U-Ericksen, u-Irene H., kanye no-Weed, uStan E. (2019). "Ukuhlola Kabusha Ubufakazi Bemfundo Ephelele Yezocansi Ezisekelwe Esikoleni: Ukubuyekezwa Kocwaningo Lomhlaba Wonke." Izinkinga Zomthetho Nezokwelapha, 34(2):161-182.
7. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/press-release-2018-std-prevention-conference.html
8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2019/2018-STD-surveillance-report.html
9. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables
10. https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/sexually-transmitted-infections-including-hiv-in-netherlands-in-2016
11. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0052.html
12. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/infectious-diseases-in-finland-sexually-transmitted-diseases-and-travel-related-infections-increased-last-year-
13. UCallander D, uGuy R, Fairley CK, McManus H, Prestage G, Chow EPF, Chen M, Connor CCO, Grulich AE, Bourne C, Hellard M, Stoové M, Donovan B; Ukusebenzisana KOKUFINYELELA. I-gonorrhea iphelile: ukukhuphuka kwesigameko se-gonorrhea kanye nezici ezihambisana nobungozi phakathi kwamadoda athandana nabesilisa nabesifazane abaya emitholampilo yezempilo yase-Australia. Impilo Yezocansi. 2019 Septhemba; 16 (5): 457-463. i-doi: 10.1071 / SH18097. I-PMID: 30409244.
14. UMercer CH, uFenton KA, uCopas AJ, uWellings K, u-Erens B, uMcManus S, uNanchahal K, uMacdowall W, uJohnson AM. Ukwanda okwandayo kobudlelwano besilisa nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo eBrithani 1990-2000: ubufakazi obuvela ocwaningweni lwamazwe lukazwelonke. Ingculaza. 2004 Julayi 2; 18 (10): 1453-8. i-doi: 10.1097 / 01.aids.0000131331.36386.de. I-PMID: 15199322.
15. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2019/07/03/one-five-young-people-identify-gay-lesbian-or-bise
16. UFairley CK, uPrestst G, uBernstein K, uMayer K, uGilbert M. 2020, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kanye ne-HIV kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abalala nabesilisa. Ezempilo Ezocansi. 2017;14(1):1-4. doi:10.1071/SH16220
17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm#MSM
18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920748/
19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2020-2019-data

Impendulo 1 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

Kudingeke ukuthi ngibhale isikhalazo sesibili kulokhu kuzikhipha ohlwini.

Kutholwe impendulo yangomhla ka-04.03.2021/09/3929 No. 2021-05-XNUMX-XNUMX, esicelweni seqembu “Isayensi yeqiniso", ethunyelwe nguSenator weRussian Federation uPavlova Margarita Nikolaevna, angenzanga ngingacabangi nje kuphela ngekhono likaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky, kodwa futhi nekhono likaRospotrebnadzor kumuntu ka-Irina Viktorovna Bragina, impendulo yakhe yangimangaza njengokunganaki idizayini (impendulo iqukethe isihloko esithi “Ngokwenza isilingo sokwethulwa kwendawo yemfundo yedijithali”), kanye nokungabi nasisekelo kweziphetho ezivela embikweni we-European Center for Disease Control. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphikisana, imithombo, isiphakamiso sokutadisha izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation esikhalazweni esithi "Isayensi Yeqiniso" azinakwa.

I-Rospotrebnadzor ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela inhlalakahle yomuntu, futhi uma abantu abangakwazi ukusebenzisana nemithombo yesayensi nezibalo behlanganyela kulo msebenzi, inhlalakahle isengozini ecacile, engacatshangelwa nguHulumeni waseRussia Federation. neziphetho ezifanele zenhlangano.

Ngokomthethonqubo we-Rospotrebnadzor, “Inhloko Yenkonzo Kahulumeni Yokuqondisa Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Abathengi Nenhlalakahle Yabantu inesibopho mathupha ngokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi eyabelwe Isevisi. Inhloko ye-Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare inamasekela aqokwe futhi axoshwa uHulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia ngesiphakamiso senhloko Yesevisi.

Ake sihlaziye amaphutha athile empendulweni ka-Irina Viktorovna

Ingabe ukuthandana kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile sekuyindlela ehamba phambili yokudlulisela i-HIV?

Ukugomela kokuthi indlela eyinhloko yokudlulisela ukutheleleka nge-HIV isiphenduke i-heterosexual, kubuzwa embhalweni oshiwo kakhulu ngu-Irina Viktorovna (i-HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2020: 2019 data), othi idatha yabantu bobulili obuhlukile “kufanele ihunyushwe ngokuqapha”, ngoba “Olunye ucwaningo olwenziwe engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSifunda luthole ukuthi imininingwane ngemizila yokudlulisa ingahle iqukathe izinto ezinganembile, ngoba iziguli eziningi ezibikwe njengokutheleleka ngokobulili obuhlukile zinomlando wokujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma, ezimeni zamadoda, ucansi phakathi kwamadoda". Isikhungo Sengculazi [https://spid.center/ru/posts/4025/] kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abaphikelela ngesidingo sokuvimbela i-HIV emaqenjini asengozini, okungukuthi phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, ahlala engabaholi bokudlulisela i-HIV e-EU / EEA.

Isiphetho esingenangqondo mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kokwehla kwezehlakalo ze-HIV kanye nokufundisa ngocansi

Lapho ecaphuna "Ukubhekwa kwe-HIV/AIDS eYurophu 2020: idatha ka-2019" u-Irina Viktorovna ubonisa ukuthi eFrance izehlakalo ze-HIV ziphakeme izikhathi ezi-2 kunaseJalimane, ngenkathi enza ngokunganaki isiphetho mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kokuncipha kwezigameko ze-HIV kanye nemfundo yezocansi ezikhungweni zemfundo, okuyimpoqo eJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Irina Viktorovna ubhala ngesidingo sokwandisa izinhlelo ezinjalo zemfundo eRussia. Lesi isimangalo esingenabufakazi, njengoba lo mbhalo oshiwo ungenzi isiphetho esinjalo futhi awukhulumi nhlobo ngezinhlelo zokufundisa ngocansi. U-Irina Viktorovna ushiya imininingwane yokuthi ngo-2019, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018, eJalimane yanda Izehlakalo ze-HIV zisuka ku-3,5 ziye ku-3,7 kubantu abayizi-100. KODWA eFrance, lapho "ukukhanyiselwa ngocansi" kungadingeki - yehla. E-Estonia, lapho ukufundisa ngocansi kuyisibopho, izehlakalo ze-HIV ziphezulu kunezehlakalo zaseJalimane neFrance zihlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eJalimane, kanye nase-US naseYurophu, izigameko zezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ziyanda, naphezu kokwethulwa kwezifundo zokufundisa ngocansi, okubonisa ezinye izizathu zokuncipha kwe-HIV. EJalimane, phakathi kuka-2010 no-2017, izehlakalo ze-syphilis zikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-83 kuya kwangu-9,1 kubantu abayizi-100.

Umbiko waseYurophu, ochaza izinyathelo zokulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV, uthi kufanele zisekelwe ebufakazini besayensi (idatha yesayensi efakazela ukusebenza kahle "kwemfundo yocansi" - cha) futhi ubala izinyathelo ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola okuvamile, ukwaziswa kozakwethu, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. -i-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) egxile ngokukhethekile ekufinyeleleni amaqembu abalulekile asengozini [ongqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa]. Lo mbiko awusho lutho ngesidingo sokufundiswa ngocansi ezinganeni ezikoleni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izifo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesikole lapho zineminyaka ephakathi kuka-37. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekisela kuka-Irina Viktorovna embhalweni we-WHO kuwumzamo wokufaka isicelo kuziphathimandla ezingamanga (argumentum ad verecundiam), futhi impendulo yakhe, engasekelwe kudatha yombhalo ocashuniwe, ihloselwe ukudukisa uSenator weRussian Federation.

Izingane zaseRussia, ngisho nangaphandle "kwemfundo yezocansi", zithola ulwazi olwanele mayelana nesakhiwo sesistimu yokuzala ezifundweni ze-biology, futhi zijwayelana ne-STD nezindlela zokuvimbela ngokugcwele nangevolumu edingekayo ezifundweni zokuphepha zokuphila. Umbiko we-FBUN weCentral Research Institute of Epidemiology yaseRospotrebnadzor uthi “Inani lentsha nentsha lehle ngo-2020 laya 0,9%; babalelwa ku-2000% abantu abasha abangenwa yi-HIV ngo-24,7 kanye no-2010% ngo-2,2.”. E-Russia, ngo-1996, kwenziwa umzamo wokuqhuba izifundo zesivivinyo emfundweni yezocansi, kuyilapho kwaba nokwanda okukhulu kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

Umlando uyaziphinda

Ngo-2006, eYekaterinburg, abazali abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha bafuna ukuyeka "ukukhuthazwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo", eyethulwa isikhungo semethodolo "Holis", ngosizo lwe-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ukungeneliseki kwabazali kwaqiniswa ukuhlolwa okungekuhle neze kweCentre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P. Serbsky, i-Academy of Civil Service ngaphansi kukaMongameli weRussia Federation kanye neNational Scientific Center for Narcology yaseRoszdrav. Kubonakala sengathi umbuzo "wokufundiswa ngocansi" ekugcineni uvaliwe eziphathimandla eziphakeme, kepha umbuzo uphakanyiswe lapho bebengalindele khona - kusuka eRospotrebnadzor.

Isigaba somthetho 9.6 semithetho yenhlanzeko kanye ne-epidemiological SP 3.1.5.2826-10 eshiwo empendulweni ivumela ukubizela iziyalezo ezingenasisekelo ngokwesayensi emkhakheni wezemfundo, okungaba inkinga yokuphepha kwezwe futhi kungqubuzane nezinjongo zamasu zokuthuthukiswa kweRussian Federation - ukonga. abantu, njengoba izifundo zokufundisa ngocansi zinconywa njengengxenye yezindlela zokunciphisa inzalo.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-HIV kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kungaba ukwethulwa kwezijeziso zobugebengu zokugqugquzela ubungqingili, ubulili obuhlukile, ukudakwa ngokweqile, izenzo zocansi ezingezona ezemvelo (ucansi lwendunu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili nezinye izinto ezihilela izingane endleleni yokuphila eyingozi. Ukusebenza namaqembu asengozini.

Ukubamba iqhaza ekuvimbeleni ulwazi oluyingozi yiRospotrebnadzor kungasebenzi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zitholakala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, amasayithi okusingatha amavidiyo, izitolo zezincwadi, i-cinema nethelevishini.

Siphoqeleka ukuba sihlambalaze ozakwethu baseRussia ngokuthula (ezincwadini zesayensi), okungalinganiswa nokukhashelwa, ngoba bayaqonda ukuthi izinguquko zomphakathi zincike ezenzakalweni zemvelo yesayensi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yengqondo kanye nengqondo, lapho, ngaphansi ingcindezi evela kuzishoshovu ze-LGBT kososayensi, konke ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungokwengqondo kubhekwa njengento evamile futhi kukhuthazwa njengokuziphatha okuvamile: kuqala ubungqingili, bese kuba yi-transsexualism kanye ne-sadomasochism nge-pedophilia, engabangeli ukukhathazeka esigulini. Yini elandelayo?

Ekunxuseni kweqembu elithi "Isayensi Yeqiniso", eyasekelwa abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-40, kuhlongozwa ukusiza ososayensi kulo msebenzi onzima - ukulondolozwa kobukhosi besayensi baseRussia: "Nikeza ithuba kososayensi baseRussia ukuveza isimo sabo sesayensi ngaphandle kokwesaba imisebenzi yabo namaholo. Ingxenye yebhonasi yamaholo ososayensi incike emsebenzini wokushicilela. Ngaphansi kwemibandela "yokulunga kwezombusazwe" kanye nokucwaninga, ukushicilelwa kwaseNtshonalanga neRussia okunomthelela ophezulu akushicileli imisebenzi ephikisana nenqubomgomo yokukhishwa kwe-depopulation yokuziphatha (inkulumo-ze yobungqingili, i-transsexualism nokunye ukuphambuka kwengqondo), okubeka ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. ingcindezi esethulweni samahhala sesimo sesayensi. Ososayensi basatshiswa ngokusobala ngobushiqela bobulili.” [https://pro-lgbt.ru/6590/].

Kumuntu weRospotrebnadzor, umphakathi ungathanda ukubona umlingani, hhayi abalingani nabahlanganyeli abazama ukwethula izindlela zokonakalisa izingane zaseRussia.

Sengiphetha, ngingathanda phinda isikhalazo esithunyelwe ngaphambilini, ngesicelo sokusithatha ngokungathi sína, ngokunaka imininingwane nemithombo, izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo..

Impendulo 2 kuSenator Pavlova M.N.

UPopova A.Yu.

Iqembu "Isayensi Yeqiniso" ngokusebenzisa uSenator uMargarita Nikolaevna Pavlova ithunyelwe sinxuse inhloko yeRospotrebnadzor u-Anna Yuryevna Popova mayelana nesitatimende sikaVadim Valentinovich Pokrovsky mayelana "nokubaluleka kwemfundo yocansi ezikoleni".

Ngemuva kwempendulo yokuqala, eyadukisa i-senator, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngesithunzi se-Rospotrebnadzor, isikhalazo sesibili sathunyelwa esibonisa ukushiyeka kokuphikisana kwempendulo.

Impendulo ivela ku- A.Yu. U-Popova wamangala hhayi ngaphansi kwempendulo yephini lakhe. Zonke izicelo eziyisi-6 zesikhalazo azizange zizitshwe.

A.Yu. UPopova, egameni leRospotrebnadzor, ukhiphe impendulo yesibili, lapho ephinda ezama ukudukisa uSenator M.N. I-Pavlov kanye nomphakathi waseRussia wamazwe ngamazwe. Mhlawumbe ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi ukubekwa kwezindlela ezingezona ezesayensi zemfundo yezocansi, ezingajwayelekile ezimisweni zabantu bezwe lethu, kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuhlangana.

"Imfundo yezocansi" inconywa njengengxenye "yokuxazulula izinkinga zokugcwala ngokweqile", okuphikisana ngokuqondile nezinhlelo zamasu zeRussian Federation zokwandisa izinga lokuzalwa.

Zonke izingxabano nemithombo yesikhalazo sethu esiphindaphindiwe ku-Rospotrebnadzor azizange zishaywe indiva. Isikhalazo sesithathu kufanele sibhalelwe izinsizakalo ezikhethekile, uHulumeni kanye nezikhungo zomthetho.

A.Yu. I-Popova, naphezu kwedatha yesayensi ngokulimala noma ukungabi nalusizo "kwemfundo yocansi", naphezu kwamaqiniso okwanda kwezigameko kanye nenani labantu be-LGBT emazweni asebenzisa "imfundo yocansi", ngokuphambene nombiko waseYurophu otusa izinyathelo ezisekelwe ebufakazini. emaqenjini asengozini (ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola okuvamile, ukwaziswa kozakwethu, i-pre-exposure prophylaxis yezitabane, abathanda ubulili obubili namanye amadoda aya ocansini namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa), ngokungenangqondo Isho ukuthi: "Indawo yezemfundo ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ekuhleleni umsebenzi wokuvimbela i-HIV/AIDS phakathi kwentsha kanye nentsha". Nakuba ungakunaki ngokuphelele lokho Ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka eminyakeni yobudala ephakathi kweminyaka engama-37. Incwadi yoMnyango Wezempilo waseRussian Federation yangomhla zingama-22 kuNdasa, 2018 N 15-3/10/2-1811 "Ngokwezehlakalo zokutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni" ithi: "Ukutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukusulelana kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni".

Esikhundleni sempendulo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi idatha yesayensi nezibalo V.V. U-Pokrovsky wenze isitatimende ngokubaluleka "kwemfundo yocansi", A. Yu. UPopova uveze lokho Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 esebenza kanzima enkingeni yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HIV eRussia Federation futhi, ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yokuhlangenwe nakho, izwakalisa isidingo sokuqeqeshwa okuhlelekile mayelana nokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV ezithathelwana ngocansi ezikhungweni zemfundo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akucaci ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo ophumelelayo we-Vadim Pokrovsky uholele kanjani ekubhebhethekeni kwesimo se-epidemiological.

Umbuzo uwukuthi, kusukela nini isipiliyoni somsebenzi ka-V.V. I-Pokrovsky, hhayi amaphepha esayensi kanye nezifundo ezishicilelwe, zaba ubufakazi besidingo sokungenelela empilweni yobulili yentsha? Iminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho ayisho lutho mayelana nokusebenza kwayo futhi akubona ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bokubaluleka "kwemfundo yocansi".

Esikhundleni sokutusa “imfundo yobulili” ezinganeni, u-V. V. I-Pokrovsky kufanele iphakamise izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa inani labantu be-MSM kanye nokuziphatha okuyingozi. Izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zingabandakanya ukwethulwa kwezijeziso zobugebengu zokugqugquzela ubungqingili, ubulili obuhlukile, ukudakwa ngokweqile, ukudayisa ngomzimba, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa, izenzo zocansi ezingezona ezemvelo (ucansi lwendunu), ukungabi nabantwana; ukunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili nezinye izinto ezihilela izingane endleleni yokuphila eyingozi. Sebenza namaqembu asengozini (ongqingili, abathandana nobulili obubili namanye amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), izifebe, imilutha yezidakamizwa).

Besithemba ukuthi i-Rospotrebnadzor izobamba iqhaza elikhulu ekutadisheni umthelela "wemfundo yocansi" nezinye izindlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa elituswe yi-UN, imiphumela yabo kwezempilo kanye nezibalo zabantu, futhi ihlole izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zeRussian Federation ukuze zihambisane. ngamasu okuthuthukiswa okuzimele kweRussia.

Kumuntu weRospotrebnadzor, umphakathi ungathanda ukubona umlingani, hhayi abalingani nabahlanganyeli, abazama ukwethula izindlela zokuhlukumeza izingane zaseRussia ngezincomo zeKomidi le-UN (CEDAW), okudinga ukuthi iRussia ichithe izindinganiso zendabuko, kuhlanganise phakathi kwabantu bezenkolo, ukwethulwa "kwemfundo yocansi", ukuqedwa kokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu kanye nokugunyazwa kokudayisa ngomzimba, phakathi kwezinye izinto ngosizo lwamanxusa angaphandle.

I-Rospotrebnadzor ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela inhlalakahle yomuntu, futhi uma abantu abangakwazi ukusebenzisana nemithombo yesayensi nezibalo behlanganyela kulo msebenzi, inhlalakahle isengozini ecacile, engacatshangelwa nguHulumeni waseRussia Federation. neziphetho ezifanele zenhlangano.

PS
Ngesicelo (https://vk.com/wall-153252740_487) ethunyelwe umsizi kusekela le-State Duma ye-Russian Federation, uchwepheshe waphakade kanye nesikhulumi se-2nd WG kwezemfundo, ukukhuliswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezingane zoMkhandlu Womphakathi ngaphansi koKhomishana Wamalungelo Ezingane ngaphansi kukaMongameli we Russian Federation Elena Viktorovna Chekan, Rospotrebnadzor akakaphenduli.

---

"Imfundo" yezocansi ezikoleni - ubuchwepheshe bokuchithwa kwabantu