Ii-antibodies ze-antisperm (ASA) -amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aveliswa ngumzimba womntu ngokuchasene nesidoda se-antigen (I-Krause 2017: 109) Ukwenziwa kwe-ASA sesinye sezizathu zokwehla kwesibeleko okanye ukuzala kwe-autoimmune: I-ASA ichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-spermatozoa, yitshintshe ikhosi ye-acrosomal reaction (AR), kunye nokuphazamisa ukuchumisa, ukufakelwa kunye nokukhula kombungu (Ukubuyisela i-2013) unobangela wokuqhekeka kweDNA (I-Kirilenko 2017) Izifundo kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana zibonakalise ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ASA kunye nokuvela kwe-umbungu ngaphambi okanye emva kokufakwaI-Krause 2017: 164) Iziphumo zokuthintela ukukhulelwa kwe-ASA ziyaphandwa ngexesha lokuqulunqwa kogonyo lokuthintela ukosuleleka kwabantu (I-Krause 2017: 251), kunye nokunciphisa nokulawula inani lezilwanyana zasendle (I-Krause 2017: 268).

Iziphumo zokuzala zeAntiperm Antibodies

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-Russia kunye namazwe amaninzi zibonisa ukwanda kokuxhaphaka kokungafakwa kwamadoda emadodeni, ukufikelela kwi-avareji ye-30 - 50%. Isalathiso senani lamatyala axelwe kukusweleka kwamadoda kwi-Russian Federation ngexesha le-2002 - 2009 inyuswe nge-59% - isuka kwi-44,1 ukuya kwi-70,1 kwi-100 000 yabantu abadala abangamadoda, kwaye ngokubanzi amandla ayo anotyekelo lokwanda (I-Kirilenko 2017).

UKirnnko et al. Babhala: “Kule minyaka idlulileyo, kuye kwacaca ukuba ukuba isidoda esingalunganga asikho kuphela kwisizathu sokungabikho kokukhulelwa, kodwa kwakhona Ukuphazamiseka kwesibeleko, ukukhula komzimba kunye nomhlaza ebantwaneni. Kwizizathu ezininzi ezikhoyo ezicetyiswayo zomsebenzi wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesidoda, ukonakaliswa kweDNA yenyukliya yeyona nto ifundwayo kunye nokwandiswa njengeyona nto ichaphazela umgangatho we-umbungu, ukukhula kwayo kunye nokufakwa. Uhlalutyo lweMeta kwindima yokwahlulwa kweDNA kubonisiwe ukuba umngcipheko wokukhupha isisu ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokukhula kwesisu esosulelayo kukonyuswa ukuya kumanqaku amane Ukonyuka kwesiqu se-DNA yesidoda (i-15 - 30% yesiqhelo, kuxhomekeka kwiindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo), nasemva kokuba isichumiso se-in vitro kunye ne-intracytoplasmic sindano yesidoda. Indlela ehamba phambili ye-pathogenetic yomonakalo onjalo uthathwa njengongaphezulu kokuveliswa kwe-oksijini esebenzayo-i-ozone, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-nitric oxide, ekhokelela kwi-spermatozoa OS. Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo soxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kwinkqubo yokuzala kwamadoda sisifo esosulelayo nesosulelayo kunye ne-ASA kumgaqo we-urogenital wamadoda ”(I-Kirilenko 2017).

Ezinye izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nomonakalo we-DNA kukusela utywala kunye nokusebenzisa iziyobisi, ukutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu, uxinzelelo, iminyaka, ii-STDs ezinxulumene nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, iziyobisi ezithile, ezinje ngee-antidepressants, radiation electromagnetic, ukungcoliseka komoya. Impembelelo yazo zonke ezi zinto ziyanda. (IPourmasumi 2017)

Iimpapasho ezininzi zesayensi kunye neencwadi zithi: "Ukulawulwa komlomo kunye noxande lwe-sperm kubangela ukwakhiwa kwee-antibodies ze-antisperm"(I-Rao 2014: 311, Lu 2008, Nikulin 2007, I-Bronson xnumx). Phantsi kwemeko zovavanyo, ukungenisa ngamathumbu emivundla ene-spermatozoa kubangela ukuphendula komzimba (i-Richards et al., 1984), kunye nokufakwa kwesidoda esiswini seempuku kukhokelela kwimveliso ye-antibodies ngokuchasene ne-spermatozoa kunye nokwehla kokuchuma (Allardyce, 1984). Ebantwini, ukwanda okuphezulu kwe-ASA kuye kwaxelwa kumadoda athandana namanye xa kuthelekiswa namadoda athandana nabantu abatshatileyo abavela kwizibini ezingazali (I-Witkin kunye ne-Sonnabend, 1983; U-Bronson et al., 1983). Kwi-40-50% yamadoda athandana namanye, i-ASA inokufunyanwa kwi-serum (iWolff kunye neSchill, 1985). U-Bronson et al. Uqwalasele ukwanda okuphezulu kweklasi ye-IgM ASA kumadoda athandana namanye xa kuthelekiswa ne-IgG kunye ne-IgA kwi-serum yamadoda athandana nabantu abatshatileyo abavela kwizibini ezingazaliyo. Bacebisa ukuba oku kubonakalise iyantlukwano kwi-etiology yokungabikho komzimba phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Ukuchaneka ngokungagungqiyo kunokukhokelela kwimveliso yeeantigen, kwaye i-monolayer epithelium inako ukugqobeka ngakumbi kune-epithelium eshinyeneyo yelungu lobufazi. Ukongeza, inani labantu be-lymphocyte B kunye neeseli ze-plasma kwithumbu lesisu zahlukile kubemi bezinto zokuzala (UMestecky kunye noMcGhee, 1987), kunye nokusebenza kwabo kwakhona ngamadlozi amadlozi kusenokwahluka. Kucetyisiwe ukuba i-ejaculation ye-intrarectal ejaculation ingakhokelela ekuvuseleleni iiseli ezivelisa i-IgM- okanye i-IgA2, ezinokuthi zibekhona kwincwadi yesini, ekhokelela kubukho be-ASA yezi isotypes kwisidoda. (Bronson 2015). 

Inani elikhulu lamaqabane kowasetyhini likhokelela ekuqulunqweni kwee-antibodies ze-antisperm kunye nokuzala kwe-autoimmune, umzekelo, i-40-45% yabahenyuzi bane-ASA (I-Rao 2014: 311). Ngokuka-Brockowski, i-68% yabasetyhini nenani elikhulu lamaqabane banethemba le-ASA (Brokowski xnumx).

Ii-antibodies ze-antisperm, ezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwisidoda, ziphucula isenzo sezinye izinto.

Esinye sezizathu zokusekwa kwee-antibodies ze-antisperm kubafazi sisidoda nge-ASA (I-Krause 2017: 166, Nikulin 2007), umzekelo, ukunxibelelana komfazi onobufanasini, umntu ophethe i-ASA kwitrayili yesini.

URuziev, kwisifundo se-2017 sonyaka, abonisa ukwanda kweziqhelo zesini emadodeni abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM) - 99% ukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo, kunye ne-45% kukudibanisa nomlomo:

"Kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo ze-6 ngaphambi kokufakwa kufundo, phantse yonke iMMSM (98%) yaba nesini esifanayo nesini, nge65% inani lamaqabane angamadoda lalingadluli kubantu be-5, i-4% yamadoda yayisuka kwi-6 ukuya kubantu be-10. Ngexesha lokuhlangana namaqabane abo, i-MSM yayiqhelisela isondo kuphela lwe-anal (i-54%) okanye bayidibanise ngomlomo (45%). Uninzi lwabaphenduli (i-44%) lubonise ukuthanda kwabo indima edlakadlaka, malunga ne-1 / 4 (23%) -nokungena kunye ne-1 / 3 zitshintshe iindima zamaqabane asebenzayo nanokwenzelana ngokwesini phakathi kwamadoda.
Ukuze usoloko usabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo, kufuneka uhlale uneekhondomu. Ke ngoko, iphepha lemibuzo lalinombuzo "Ngaba unayo ikhondom kunye nawe kwaye ungayibonisa." I-60% yabaphenduli yayingenayo nabo. Malunga nesiqingatha (i-53%) se-MSM azange bangene konxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo kwisithuba seenyanga ze-6. Bonke abanye babelana ngesondo nabasetyhini. Ngaphambi kwe-5, i-88% yayinamaqabane e-MSM, amanye ayenamaqabane angaphezu kwe-5. Namaqabane abo, i-MSM yayisabelana ngesondo lobufazi. ” (URuziev 2017)

Unxibelelwano lwabantu abathandana nesini kunye nabasetyhini luqinisekiswa ngamanye amava. Malunga nesiqingatha samadoda athandana nabantu abathandanayo ababelana ngesondo nabasetyhini (Tao xnumx, I-Larmarange xnumx), ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, i-3 / 4 MSM (73%) inabanxibelelanisi abathandanayo (I-Larmarange xnumx) Kwilizwe elinyamezelayo apho kusebenza khona ngokwesondo ukuwa kwaye akukho mfuneko yokufihla isenzo sokwabelana ngesondo esifanayo, inani loonxibelelwano lwabantu abathandana ababhinqileyo kunye nabasetyhini kuncipha Umndilili ukuya kwi-xnumx% kodwa lukhula Inani le-LGBT yabantu kwisizukulwana esincinci, ngenxa yokusasazwa kobufanasini. ERashiya 34% amafanasini alala namabhinqa.

I-Fethers et al. banike idatha efanayo kwizifundo zabo zesini: kubo, amathuba okunxibelelana ngesondo nendoda engatshatanga yayiphindaphindwe amaxesha e-4 kunabasetyhini abathandanayo.I-Fethers 2000: 347-348).

Batyeshela oomama abahamba nabantwana baye kwizibini ezitshatileyo. Iitekhnoloji zokuzala zizizathu ezinokubakho ze-ASA kubafazi (I-Rao 2014: 311).

Ukuphakanyiswa ngokwesondo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwenani labantu

Inkxalabo malunga nokugcwala komhlaba kunye nemfuneko yokunciphisa inani labantu yavakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuzo zonke iisayithi zehlabathi, kubandakanywa kupapasho lwenzululwazi.

Yiyo le nto ithethwa yiClub of Rome ngonyaka we-2017 ngala mazwi "Yiza! Ubungxowankulu, i-myopia, ubuntu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweplanethi": Kwiplanethi enemida ukwanda kwenani labantu kufuneka kuncitshiswe Ngaphambi kokuba indalo yenze ngokwayo.

Emuva kwi1968, igqwetha laseMelika u-Albert Blaustein, othathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kwamasebe amazwe amaninzi, wakhombaukuba ukunciphisa umda wokukhula kwenani labemi, kuyadingeka ukuba kuhlaziywe imithetho emininzi, kubandakanya umtshato, inkxaso yosapho, iminyaka yokuvuma, kunye nobungqingili. Kwi-1969, kwidilesi yakhe kwiCongress, uMongameli Nixon kubizwa ukwanda kwabemi "Enye yezona ngxaki zinzima kulawulo loluntu" kwaye wacela ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo. U-Preston Cloud, omele i-US National Academy of Sciences, ucebise ukuba urhulumente avume ngokusemthethweni isisu kunye nemibutho yabasetyhini. Kwakuloo nyaka, uFrederic Jaffe, usekela-Mongameli we-International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), wakhupha Imemorandamapho "ukukhuthaza ukukhula kobufanasini"Yadweliswa njengenye yeendlela zokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa. Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili, u-Kingsley Davis, ongomnye wabantu abaphambili kuphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lokuzalwa ndicetyisiwe ukukhuthaza "iintlobo ezingezizo ezokwabelana ngesondo." Umsebenzi kaDavis, ingcali kwezentlalo uJudith Blake, ndicetyisiwe Ukupheliswa kwerhafu kunye nezezindlu ezikhuthaza ukuba ngumntwana, kunye nokususa isohlwayo esingokwasemthethweni kunye nesentlalontle nxamnye nobungqingili.

Kwi-1970, uFrank Naughtstein, umbhali wethiyori yotshintsho lwedemokrasi, ethetha kwiKholeji yoMkhosi weSizwe phambi kwamagosa aphezulu. iqatshelweukuba "ubufanasini buyachazwa ngesiseko sokuba iyanceda ukunciphisa ukwanda kwabantu."

U-1994 unyaka eCairo wenzeka ingqungquthelaapho kwenziwa khona iindlela zokunciphisa ukuchuma.

NgoDisemba i-6 2011 uMongameli u-Barack Obama ikhutshiwe Umyalelo obhengeza umzabalazo wamalungelo obugqwetha kwezesondo kumazwe aphambili ophambi komgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle waseMelika

Abanye oososayensi bezesondo, njengo-Alexander Moiseevich Poleev, babhala iincwadi malunga nezesondo kunye nangazo zonke iindlela zihlanganisa izibonelelo zazo kwaye bathule malunga nemiphumela. Ngokutsho kuqikelelwa, inani labangatshatanga abatshatanga eYurophu lifika kwi-15%, nakwi-Russia - 15 - 20%. Ngokutsho kwe-WHO, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwe-demographic yi-15% yabatshati abangenazintsapho.

Ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, ubufanasini kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundu, okukhokelela ekusekweni kwe-antisperm antibodies (ASA), ukusasazwa kwe-HIV, i-HPV kunye nezinye izifo ze-STD, eziye zibe yimiba yokugonywa kwi-antigens yesidoda, ibeka isoyikiso sofuzo kwizizukulwana ezizayo, kwaye kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwabemi , i-pathologies yophuhliso lwabantwana. Ukunciphisa ukucaphuka kunye nomsebenzi amajoni omzimba - kwandisa inani labantu abamkela ukuziphatha kwabantu abathandana besini esifanayo njengesiqhelo.

Ushicilelo lwezenzululwazi malunga neendlela "zokufundisa ngesondo" cebisa okulandelayo:

Ukunceda abafundi baphuhlise indlela ebaluleke kakhulu kwisini / ngokwesini, ootitshala abafundisa ngesondo kufuneka baqwalasele ulonwabo lwendoda. Ukwamkelwa kwendoda okwenzakalisayo kukonakalisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngendoda / ibhinqa, indoda / ibhinqa, indalo / indlovukazi. Ngokuncitshiswa kokwamkelwa kwamadoda, i-taboo kulonwabo lwendoda luyanceda ukugunyazisa iinkolelo zesini / zesini, kunye nesini, ubundlobongela, kunye nolawulo lwamadoda abalukhuthazayo. Kwelinye icala, ngokunikezela ngokutsha i-anal taboo eyindoda kunye nokwenza ulwimi olutsha lokonwaba ezimpundwini-ootitshala, abafundi banokunceda abafundi ukuba bacele umngeni kwimilinganiselo yesini ethintelayo.

Ephakamileyo

Impilo yengqondo kunye neyomzimba yabantu be-LGBT